CN101281127A - Instrument and method for real time monitoring optical fibre distributed multi-point mash gas - Google Patents
Instrument and method for real time monitoring optical fibre distributed multi-point mash gas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber distributed multi-point methane real-time monitor based on the light wave modulation spectrometry and the monitoring method, a semiconductor DFB laser, an optical fiber splitter, a gas calibration pond, a laser control circuit board, a signal generative circuit board, a lock-in amplified board, a data acquisition card, a control module, a multi-channel analog signal selection switch and a driving circuit are arranged in the main case of the monitor, the main case is connected with miniature optical sensors in various underground detection optical path through dingle mode fibers. The wavelength modulation of a gas laser absorption spectrum is realized by a low frequency scanning signal and a high frequency modulation signal generated by a signal generative circuit. The laser wavelength shift is carried out adaptive adjustment by the built-in gas calibration pond so as to realize the locking of a methane absorption line. The distributed multi-point methane concentration monitoring in the underground coal mine is realized by the switching of the multi-channel analog signal selection switch.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of laser spectrum surveying instrument and method of gas, specifically is a kind of optical fibre distributed multi-point mash gas concentration monitor and monitoring method based on optical maser wavelength modulation technique and near infrared tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectrum technology.
Background technology
Coal industry is the most serious industry of casualty accident in China's commercial production, according to statistics, national coal mining accident total toll was 3770 people in 2007, wherein the coal-mine gas accident plays number, death toll than all descending to some extent last year, by 1,000,000 tons of mortality ratio by the end of November is 1.516, but still far above other main coal producers in the world.From accident pattern, the main cause of serious accident is that gas explosion and gas are outstanding.Gas be attached be stored in the coal seam and around the general name of harmful gas in the rock stratum, the principal ingredient of gas is a methane, it is a kind of colourless, tasteless, inflammable, explosive gas.Three conditions that gas explosion needs to satisfy simultaneously are: the existence of certain density gas, high temperature burning things which may cause a fire disaster and sufficient oxygen, gas explosion is limit within 5～16% scopes.China's present state-owned emphasis colliery great majority belong to gaseous mine, wherein gassy mine and projecting mine account for 44% of national mine sum, gas explosion accident very easily takes place during digging, serious production safety accident has not only caused the people life property loss, and influence social stability, the infringement national image, therefore reducing or avoid the mine gas explosion accident is a urgent task.Improve the reliability of China's gas monitoring system, methane gas concentration is carried out accurately, monitored fast, in real time and early warning, industrial and mineral safety in production, personal safety and environmental protection are all had crucial effect.
At present the mine gas catalytic sensor is mainly still adopted in the routine monitoring of gas both at home and abroad, but the shortcoming that there is job insecurity in catalysis element, adjustment is frequent and serviceable life is short is seriously restricting the reliability that mine gas detects.Domestic part mine has been set up the gas density monitoring system, basically all be the network structure of branch's tree type, in the aboveground main website of control center that is provided with, the down-hole is provided with a plurality of observing and controlling substations, each substation information private cable transmission signals, but there are shortcomings such as the sensor access is dumb, the inconvenience that realizes following up.Therefore, development novel maintenance-free, high sensitivity, working stability, multiple spot gas real-time monitoring system safe in utilization realize that the low rate of false alarm early warning of coal-mine gas is present main direction of studying.
Monitoring system based on optical maser wavelength modulated spectrum technology and optical fiber sensing technology, can realize high selectivity, high-resolution, highly sensitive, quick response, the online detection of noncontact to gas, there is not the poisoning problem, safe in utilization, the instrument maintenance amount is low, utilizes the distributed gas monitor of a unjacketed optical fiber can realize the real-time monitoring of multiple spot gas.Therefore, the multiple spot gas detection technology based on light wave modulated laser absorption spectrum has important application prospects in coal mine gas on-line monitoring field.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of optical fibre distributed multi-point mash gas real-time monitor and monitoring method based on the light wave modulation spectrometry, use a near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument, utilized the characteristic absorption in methane near infrared spectrum district, the wavelength-modulated signal that produces through signal generating circuit carries out the light wave modulation to laser, laser by methane gas calibration pond after by optical fiber splitter along separate routes, import to the mini optical fibre sensor that is arranged at each tested point of down-hole with single-mode fiber respectively, laser through gas absorption receives and is converted to electric signal by the optical fiber derivation and by each road infrared photoelectric detector again, utilize multichannel analog signals selector switch handoff technique to realize that the timesharing multichannel of methane gas detects, and has realized highly sensitive in conjunction with optical maser wavelength modulation technique and harmonic detecting technique, high-resolution, multiple spot real time gas concentration monitoring fast.Use built-in methane gas calibration pond that wave length shift is carried out the self-adaptation adjustment, realize the locking of near infrared methane adsorption line, and realize the concentration calibration of micro-optical sensor.Adopt background light strength signal fitting method to eliminate the influence of light-intensity variation to measuring.Micro-optical sensor outer protection structure is ventilative, waterproof and dustproof, shockproof, maintenance is few, realizes the long-term stability monitoring of gas.Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of optical fibre distributed multi-point mash gas real-time monitor, it is characterized in that: include mainframe box and be installed in on-the-spot multipoint-parallel downhole detection light path, the laser instrument that centre wavelength is 1653nm is installed in the described mainframe box, signal generating circuit, signal generating circuit is linked into the temperature current control module of described laser instrument, described semiconductor laser emergent light inserts gas and demarcates the pond, the emergent light that gas is demarcated the pond is coupled into 1 * N road optical fiber splitter, each road output laser of 1 * N road optical fiber splitter is transferred to each downhole detection light path by the input single-mode fiber, flashlight transfers to each infrared photoelectric detector reception that is installed in mainframe box by the output single-mode fiber after passing each downhole detection light path, and the output signal one tunnel of each infrared photoelectric detector directly output is sent data acquisition, handle and control module; Another road is sent phase-locked amplification plate to carry out second harmonic signal and is detected; Described downhole detection optical routing connects the input single-mode fiber and forms with the micro-optical sensor of output single-mode fiber, and the micro-optical sensor is installed in the protection box.
Described optical fibre distributed multi-point mash gas real-time monitor; it is characterized in that described micro-optical sensor is accurately to be aimed at by a pair of GRIN Lens of magnetic tape trailer fibre; and the V-type groove support two ends that are installed in the protection box constitute; the PTFE barrier film has been fixed at surface opening place at micro-optical sensor outer protection box, has realized ventilative, waterproof and dustproof.
A kind of optical fibre distributed multi-point mash gas method of real-time is characterized in that: adopting centre wavelength is that the near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument of 1653nm is as CH
4The detection laser light source, utilize laser temperature and current control module with the laser instrument output center wavelength be tuned near the 1653.7nm CH
4Absorb the line center, the 50Hz sawtooth signal that signal generating circuit produces is superimposed upon on the drive current of laser instrument and makes the slow scanned CH of optical maser wavelength
4Absorption lines of gases, signal generating circuit produce on the drive current that the 5KHz sine wave signal is superimposed upon laser instrument simultaneously carries out high frequency modulated to laser output wavelength; Laser is coupled into gas by tail optical fiber output by joint flange and demarcates the pond, and gas is demarcated in the pond and is full of an atmospheric pressure normal concentration CH
4Gas is used for the real-time calibration to the detection absorption signal, and contrast standard gas wavelength and actual measurement laser wavelength, by laser temperature and current control module optical maser wavelength is drifted about and carries out the self-adaptation adjustment, realizes CH
4The locking of gas near infrared absorption line; Demarcate the laser coupled of pond output from gas and advance 1 * N road optical fiber splitter, each road output laser of 1 * N road optical fiber splitter is transferred to each downhole detection light path by the input single-mode fiber respectively, each downhole detection light path is placed with and connects input single-mode fiber and the micro-optical sensor of exporting single-mode fiber, mine gas sees through the PTFE barrier film and enters in the micro-optical sensor, and by the light signal of output single-mode fiber output through gas absorption; The infrared photoelectric detector of each output optical signals correspondence receives, after opto-electronic conversion, export electric signal, one the tunnel send phase-locked amplification plate to carry out second harmonic signal detects, the reference signal of phase-locked amplification plate comes from the sinusoidal modulation signal that described signal generating circuit produces, data acquisition is directly sent on another road, handle and control module, at first carry out digital low-pass filtering, then it is made linear fit as the laser intensity signal, the second harmonic signal of phase-locked amplification plate output utilizes the match light intensity signal to carry out normalized to eliminate the influence that light-intensity variation detects concentration.Second harmonic signal after the normalization obtains one through progressive mean repeatedly and detects absorption spectra, the standard absorption signal that utilizes the gas of preserving in advance to demarcate the pond carries out the light path IC that the long-pending match of least square obtains the monitoring point methane gas to the absorption spectra that detects, or obtains light path average gas concentration divided by total optical path.
The present invention utilizes up-to-date near infrared tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectrum technology, optical maser wavelength modulation technique and distributing optical fiber sensing technology to realize multiple spot CH under the coal mine
4The real-time telemetry of concentration.Utilize the high-resolution of tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectrum to eliminate the interference of other environmental gas composition, utilize wavelength-modulation technique probe gas harmonic signal to improve detection sensitivity, utilize methane gas calibration pond to suppress wave length shift and realize absorbing the line locking, fundamentally overcome traditional methane monitoring instrument be subject to disturb, easily poisoning, poor stability, maintenance is big, cost is high and can not realize shortcoming such as accurately monitoring in real time.Utilize optical fiber splitter, multichannel analog signals selector switch and a plurality of micro-optical sensor to realize a laser instrument monitoring multiple spot CH
4Concentration, reduced cost.System is to CH
4The detectability of concentration is lower than 0.05%; satisfy the needs of colliery industry Environmental security monitoring; and the micro-optical sensor has the outer protection structure; instrument without any charging equipment, has really been realized safe, stable, highly sensitive, the remote real time on-line monitoring to mine gas concentration under mine.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a micro-optical sensor protection box external structure synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is a micro-optical sensor protection box inner structure synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4 is that the light wave modulation waveform generates hardware structure diagram.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4.
Number in the figure: 1, mainframe box, 2, main power switch, 3,1653nm semiconductor laser temperature current control module, 4, signal generating circuit, 5,1653nm near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument, 6, gas is demarcated the pond, 7, (N 1～64 is optional for 1 * N, definite by counting of laser power and requirement measurement) the road optical fiber splitter, 8, output flange, 9, infrared photoelectric detector, 10, the general supply socket, 11, fan, 12, D.C. regulated power supply, 13, N road simulating signal change-over switch, 14, N road simulating signal change-over switch driving circuit, 15, phase-locked amplification plate, 16, data acquisition, handle and control module 17, LCDs.Above-mentioned related parts all are mounted on the cabinet.18, input single-mode fiber, 19, the downhole detection light path, 20, the micro-optical absorption cell, 21, the outer protection box, 22, the output single-mode fiber.Below relate to the structure that parts are the outer protection box: but 23, protection box point of fixity; 24, dustproof baffle plate; 25, the fine GRIN Lens of magnetic tape trailer is right; 26, PTFE barrier film, 27, hydrophobic guide groove, 28, V-type groove support; 29, flange nipple; 30, flange coupling, 31, the incident tail optical fiber, 32, the outgoing tail optical fiber.
It is that the near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument 5 of 1653nm is as CH that the present invention adopts centre wavelength
4The detection laser light source, utilize laser temperature and current control module 3 with the laser instrument output center wavelength be tuned near the 1653.7nm CH
4Absorb the line center, the 50Hz sawtooth signal 40 that signal generating circuit 4 produces is superimposed upon on the drive current of laser instrument and makes the slow scanned CH of optical maser wavelength
4Absorption lines of gases, signal generating circuit 4 produce on the drive current that 5KHz sine wave signal 41 is superimposed upon laser instrument simultaneously carries out high frequency modulated to laser output wavelength.Laser is coupled into built-in gas by tail optical fiber output by joint flange and demarcates pond 6, and gas is demarcated in the pond 6 and is full of an atmospheric pressure normal concentration CH
4Gas is used for the real-time calibration to the detection absorption signal, and contrast standard gas wavelength and actual measurement laser wavelength, carries out the self-adaptation adjustment by laser temperature and 3 pairs of optical maser wavelengths drifts of current control module, realizes CH
4The locking of gas near infrared absorption line.The output laser coupled is advanced 1 * N road optical fiber splitter 7, the N road output laser of 1 * N road optical fiber splitter 7 is transferred to each downhole detection light path 19 by input single-mode fiber 18 respectively, downhole detection light path 19 promptly is placed with at tested point and connects input single-mode fiber and the micro-optical sensor 20 of exporting single-mode fiber, mine gas sees through PTFE barrier film 26 and enters in the micro-optical sensor 20, and will return host computer system through the optical signal transmission of gas absorption by output single-mode fiber 22.N the infrared photoelectric detector 9 that the optical signals that N returns on the road is installed in mainframe box receives, and each detection light path exported in proper order through the electric signal after the opto-electronic conversion under the gating signal effect that data acquisition, processing and control module 16 are sent by N road simulating signal change-over switch driving circuit 14.Detector signal is divided into two-way, and one the tunnel send phase-locked amplification plate 15 to carry out second harmonic signal detects, and the reference signal of phase-locked amplification plate 15 comes from the sinusoidal modulation signal that signal generating circuit 4 produces; Data acquisition, processing and control module 16 are directly sent in another road, at first carry out digital low-pass filtering, then it is made linear fit as the laser intensity signal, the second harmonic signal of phase-locked amplification plate 15 outputs utilizes the match light intensity signal to carry out normalized to eliminate the influence that light-intensity variation detects concentration.Second harmonic signal after the normalization obtains one through progressive mean repeatedly and detects absorption spectra, utilize standard absorption signal that the gas of preserving in advance demarcates pond 6 that the absorption spectra that detects is carried out the light path IC that the long-pending match of least square and deduction calibration gas concentration obtain gas, or obtain light path average gas concentration divided by total optical path.Concentration results is shown by LCDs 17, and sound and light alarm is carried out in the monitoring point that exceeds alarm limit.
Fig. 4 is that the light wave modulation waveform generates hardware structure diagram.The effect of this circuit is sawtooth scan signal and the modulation of sinusoidal modulation signal realization laser instrument light wave that is produced tunable diode laser under the control of single-chip microcomputer by signal generating circuit.Signal generating circuit mainly comprises 1, the single chip machine controlling circuit part; 2, the sinusoidal wave circuit part that produces: mainly form by sinusoidal circuit, back level amplifying circuit and the low-pass filter circuit of producing of Direct Digital synthetic (DDS); 3, sawtooth wave generating circuit part: mainly form by high-speed d/a converter, amplification filtering circuit.Each several part specific implementation step is as follows:
(1) system adopts single chip computer AT 89C52 to do central processing element, to required frequency and phase control words be write frequency mask register and the phase deviation register of DDS chip AD9834 according to reference frequency respectively, frequency control word added up once with phase accumulator in each clock period, the phase value that obtains is with the form addressing sine look up table of binary code, with phase transition is digitizing sine amplitude value, obtain frequency by digital to analog converter (D/A converter), the analog sinus signals that phase place is adjustable is amplified by the back level again and low-pass filter circuit obtains frequency, phase place, the sine wave that amplitude is adjustable.
(2) connect by the parallel port between single chip computer AT 89C52 and the high-speed d/a converter AD7237, pin by single-chip microcomputer writes the serrated signal Wave data that needs generation, remove the step that AD7237 produces serrated signal through the amplification filtering circuit, obtain level and smooth sawtooth wave.
(3) modulated sinusoid directly is added to through voltage follower and carries out wavelength-modulated on the laser modulation pin, the scanning sawtooth wave is added to through voltage follower and controls laser wavelength scanning on the laser instrument control module again, and both are in conjunction with the light wave modulation function of realizing laser instrument.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of optical fibre distributed multi-point mash gas real-time monitor, it is characterized in that: include mainframe box and be installed in on-the-spot multipoint-parallel downhole detection light path, the laser instrument that centre wavelength is 1653nm is installed in the described mainframe box, signal generating circuit, signal generating circuit is linked into the temperature current control module of described laser instrument, described semiconductor laser emergent light inserts gas and demarcates the pond, the emergent light that gas is demarcated the pond is coupled into 1 * N road optical fiber splitter, each road output laser of 1 * N road optical fiber splitter is transferred to each downhole detection light path by the input single-mode fiber, flashlight transfers to each infrared photoelectric detector reception that is installed in mainframe box by the output single-mode fiber after passing each downhole detection light path, and the output signal one tunnel of each infrared photoelectric detector directly output is sent data acquisition, handle and control module; Another road is sent phase-locked amplification plate to carry out second harmonic signal and is detected; Described downhole detection optical routing connects the input single-mode fiber and forms with the micro-optical sensor of output single-mode fiber, and the micro-optical sensor is installed in the protection box.
2, optical fibre distributed multi-point mash gas real-time monitor according to claim 1; it is characterized in that described micro-optical sensor is accurately to be aimed at by a pair of GRIN Lens of magnetic tape trailer fibre; and the V-type groove support two ends that are installed in the protection box constitute; the PTFE barrier film has been fixed at surface opening place at micro-optical sensor outer protection box, has realized ventilative, waterproof and dustproof.
3, a kind of optical fibre distributed multi-point mash gas method of real-time is characterized in that: adopting centre wavelength is that the near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument of 1653nm is as CH
4The detection laser light source, utilize laser temperature and current control module with the laser instrument output center wavelength be tuned near the 1653.7nm CH
4Absorb the line center, the 50Hz sawtooth signal that signal generating circuit produces is superimposed upon on the drive current of laser instrument and makes the slow scanned CH of optical maser wavelength
4Absorption lines of gases, signal generating circuit produce on the drive current that the 5KHz sine wave signal is superimposed upon laser instrument simultaneously carries out high frequency modulated to laser output wavelength; Laser is coupled into gas by tail optical fiber output by joint flange and demarcates the pond, and gas is demarcated in the pond and is full of an atmospheric pressure normal concentration CH
4Gas is used for the real-time calibration to the detection absorption signal, and contrast standard gas wavelength and actual measurement laser wavelength, by laser temperature and current control module optical maser wavelength is drifted about and carries out the self-adaptation adjustment, realizes CH
4The locking of gas near infrared absorption line; Demarcate the laser coupled of pond output from gas and advance 1 * N road optical fiber splitter, each road output laser of 1 * N road optical fiber splitter is transferred to each downhole detection light path by the input single-mode fiber respectively, each downhole detection light path is placed with and connects input single-mode fiber and the micro-optical sensor of exporting single-mode fiber, mine gas sees through the PTFE barrier film and enters in the micro-optical sensor, and by the light signal of output single-mode fiber output through gas absorption; The infrared photoelectric detector of each output optical signals correspondence receives, after opto-electronic conversion, export electric signal, one the tunnel send phase-locked amplification plate to carry out second harmonic signal detects, the reference signal of phase-locked amplification plate comes from the sinusoidal modulation signal that described signal generating circuit produces, data acquisition is directly sent on another road, handle and control module, at first carry out digital low-pass filtering, then it is made linear fit as the laser intensity signal, the second harmonic signal of phase-locked amplification plate output utilizes the match light intensity signal to carry out normalized to eliminate the influence that light-intensity variation detects concentration.Second harmonic signal after the normalization obtains one through progressive mean repeatedly and detects absorption spectra, the standard absorption signal that utilizes the gas of preserving in advance to demarcate the pond carries out the light path IC that the long-pending match of least square obtains the monitoring point methane gas to the absorption spectra that detects, or obtains light path average gas concentration divided by total optical path.
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2008
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