CN101272040B - Method for electric power line lightning protection configuration by using electric network lightning disturbance distribution - Google Patents
Method for electric power line lightning protection configuration by using electric network lightning disturbance distribution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method using lightning disturbance distribution to carry out lightening protection configuration of the transmission line, which adopts a computer to processing to the lightening automatic monitoring data, establishes a database and uses a geographical information system and the database as an analysis platform; the method also adopts a grid method to compute lightening parameters and sets an amplitude range for dangerous lightning currents of the lightening disturbance of the objects according to the lightning stroke against ability and the characteristics of ground objects, and acquires the correspondent lightning disturbance distribution according to the amplitude range for dangerous lightning currents and the lightening data computed by the computer; by adopting the reliable index in operation confirmed by the transmission line and the statistic data of the lightning stroke flashover types, the method sets critical density value in the lightning disturbance distribution which can cause lightning strike flashover: the method computes the scale and distribution of the lightning disturbance based on the critical density value and confirms the lightning-proof configuration of the transmission line based on the scale and distribution of the lightning disturbance. The invention can be adopted to judge the correspondent area and probability of 'shielding failure flashover' and 'back flashover' of the transmission line and can effectively configure the correspondent lightning-proof measures of the transmission line based on the characteristics of the two lightning disturbances, thus improving the performance-price ratio.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the shocking preventing technology of transmission line, specifically utilize damage to crops caused by thunder to distribute and carry out the method for transmission line lightning protection configuration.
Background technology
The lightning protection configuration is for making overhead transmission line can tackle necessary safeguard procedures and technological means that the thunderbolt infringement is taked effectively.The lightning protection configuration of existing transmission line mainly is to abide by the method that existing power industry rules " overvoltage protection of alternating-current electric device and insulation coordination " (DL/T620-1997) are recommended; promptly according to the strong and weak subregion of the lightening activity of thunder and lightning day of the long-term manual record of meteorological department definition; insulation system in conjunction with transmission line; determine its lightning protection configuration; with regard to concrete measure; anti-counterattack flashover is to adopt to reduce pole tower ground resistance or strengthen line insulation, and anti-shielding flashover then adopts and reduces the lightning conducter shielding angle.Engineering test is the result prove, this method exists tangible weak point to be: " thunder and lightning day " itself can not characterize the lightening activity feature fully, i.e. the frequency that can't the concrete thunder and lightning of perfect representation occurs thunder and lightning day, thereby its directive function is very limited; Gradually adopt in recent years and characterize the ground sudden strain of a muscle density (fl/km that thunder and lightning distributes
2/ a) substitute thunder and lightning day, the applicant finds under study for action, because of the architectural feature of electrical network itself and the insulation characterisitic of representative, be not the flashover that whole thunders and lightnings all may cause high pressure overhead power line, and just part is called as the flashover that dangerous thunder and lightning just can cause high pressure overhead power line; This part has the actual distribution of the thunder and lightning of harm not dodge density distribution with being equal to electrical network; Above-mentioned two kinds of methods all can not correctly be expressed " counterattack " and " shielding " two class damage to crops caused by thunder accidents that transmission line may occur, " counterattack flashover " The corresponding area that " shielding flashover " that takes place in the time of promptly can not judging because of lightning conducter shielding inefficacy and thunderbolt lightning conducter or cat head cause and the probability that damage to crops caused by thunder takes place, and can't corresponding two kinds of required lightning protection measuress of the corresponding transmission line of damage to crops caused by thunder feature configuration, so that cause the very low always present situation of cost performance of lightning protection measures.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is,, improve, propose to utilize electric network thunderstorm damage to distribute and carry out the method for transmission line lightning protection configuration at the deficiencies in the prior art.
Technical solution of the present invention is, adopt computer that the thunder and lightning automatic monitoring data is handled, set up database, with GIS-Geographic Information System (being called for short GIS) and database is analysis platform, adopt gridding method statistics lightning parameter, and resist thunderbolt ability and feature thereof at ground object, set the dangerous amplitude of lightning current scope of object damage to crops caused by thunder, and adopt the thunder and lightning data of computer statistics according to this danger amplitude of lightning current scope, obtain corresponding electric network thunderstorm damage and distribute, it is characterized in that, adopt the definite operational reliability index of transmission line and the statistics of lightning stroke flashover type, critical density value during the damage to crops caused by thunder that setting can cause lightning stroke flashover distributes, with this critical density value is criterion, and the classification and the distribution of statistics damage to crops caused by thunder are again according to damage to crops caused by thunder classification and distribution, determine transmission line lightning protection configuration, the basic step of employing is according to as follows suddenly:
(1) at first, deposit the thunder and lightning automatic monitoring data in database by the thematic attribute data that time, position, amplitude of lightning current and polarity, main discharge and order discharge by computer classes; Employing has the computer program of GIS-Geographic Information System processing capacity to determine the corresponding region of thunder and lightning automatic monitoring data on numerical map, the selection area on the numerical map is carried out the homalographic grid divide; By computer the data information of each grid is added up; And make the lightning monitoring data be given thunder and lightning special topic attribute and geographical attribute, each grid of dividing has and lightning monitoring data same coordinate system geographical attribute automatically; The region, the related grid place of lightning parameter of adopting gridding method to count, setting each grid is a thunder and lightning statistic unit; Thematic data in the database is called in map network as statistical sample by geographical attribute, add up each grid and the thunder and lightning number of times occurs;
(2) according to the line insulation structure, the dangerous amplitude of lightning current value range of insulator string generation flashover that can cause transmission line is as criterion, add up the current amplitude attribute of thunder and lightning in each grid, reject the data outside the criterion, again with each grid year the thunder and lightning number of times divided by the grid area, obtain electric network thunderstorm damage and distribute; The line insulation structure comprises line voltage grade, transmission line framework, orographic factor;
The record of the transmission line lightning stroke flashover incident that (3) will take place is classified by the thematic attribute of time of origin, position coordinates, flashover type, electric pressure, its storage is advanced the lightning fault database in the computer, the lightning stroke flashover incident is called in the grid that its corresponding electric network thunderstorm damage distributes according to its thematic attribute successively, with this grid is the center, the grid that links to each other is carried out mark, obtain the historical damage to crops caused by thunder of electrical network zone, be divided into electrical network by fault point character and strike back historical damage to crops caused by thunder zone, the historical damage to crops caused by thunder of electrical network shielding zone;
(4) the electrical network counterattack damage to crops caused by thunder distribution and the electrical network of each electric pressure are strikeed back historical damage to crops caused by thunder zone, electrical network shielding damage to crops caused by thunder distributes and the historical damage to crops caused by thunder of electrical network shielding zone goes out corresponding geographic distribution layer with COMPUTER CALCULATION, uses GIS-Geographic Information System to obtain electric network synthetic counterattack damage to crops caused by thunder distribution map, electric network synthetic shielding damage to crops caused by thunder distribution map respectively again;
(5) promptly trip number of times/(hundred kilometers 40 thunder and lightning days) according to transmission line lightning protection reliability control index, with lightning stroke flashover type statistics data, critical density value during the damage to crops caused by thunder that setting can cause shielding flashover and counterattack flashover distributes, with this critical density value is criterion, statistics damage to crops caused by thunder distribution grid ground dodges density value, demarcates the exceed standard value and the value that do not exceed standard respectively;
(6) statistics damage to crops caused by thunder distribution grid, exceed standard value and four other damage to crops caused by thunder districts of level of the value various combination that do not exceed standard setting according to counterattack and shielding, wherein, have counterattack the do not exceed standard data area of value of value and shielding that do not exceed standard and be set at 1 grade of damage to crops caused by thunder district, have counterattack the do not exceed standard data area of value of value and shielding that exceeds standard and be set at 2 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts, have counterattack the exceed standard data area of value of value and shielding that do not exceed standard and be set at 3 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts, have counterattack the exceed standard data area of value of value and shielding that exceeds standard and be set at 4 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts;
(7) carry out the lightning protection configuration of transmission line with other damage to crops caused by thunder district of four levels of above-mentioned setting: wherein,
A. for 1 grade of damage to crops caused by thunder district, carry out conventional lightning protection configuration by DL/T620-1997;
B. for 2 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts, strengthen the configuration of the anti-counterattack of transmission line flashover, the requirement of powerline pole tower ground resistance value, the 110kV-500kV overhead line structures are not higher than at the earth resistance in mountain area: 15 Ω, the earth resistance in the plains region is not higher than 7 Ω; Perhaps strengthen the dielectric strength of transmission line, require composite insulator: under the prerequisite that satisfies windage yaw and the requirement of lead distance to the ground, the 500kV circuit uses the dry arcing distance of composite insulator to be not less than the structure length of 30 suspended porcelain insulators or glass insulator; The dry arcing distance of 220kV circuit use composite insulator should not be less than the structure length of 14 suspended porcelain insulators or glass insulator; The 110kV circuit uses the dry arcing distance of composite insulator to be not less than the structure length of 7 suspension type porcelain or glass insulator; Require porcelain, glass insulator to select for use sheet number: 500kV to select 30 to 32; 220kV selects 15; 110kV selects 9;
C. for 3 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts, strengthen the configuration of the anti-shielding flashover of transmission line, reduce the lightning conducter shielding angle, newly-built 110kV～500kV circuit should set up the double joint overhead ground wire completely, 500kV and 220kV should adopt the negative angle protection, and 110kV route protection angle should be adopted below 10 °;
D. for 4 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts, strengthen the anti-counterattack of transmission line flashover simultaneously and dispose, unite the lightning protection configuration of adopting 2,3 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts with the rich flashover that hits.
Advantage of the present invention is that employing the present invention can judge because of transmission line " shielding flashover " and " counterattack flashover " corresponding zone and probability, and corresponding two kinds of damage to crops caused by thunder features, can accomplish to dispose effectively corresponding transmission line lightning protection measures, improves cost performance.Implementation method of the present invention is simple, clear, has good operability and practicality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, theory diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is a statistical sample with the lightning location system automatic monitoring data, handling procedure uses a computer, automatic monitoring data is input in the computer of (the being called for short GIS) processing capacity that has GIS-Geographic Information System, set up database, with GIS-Geographic Information System and database is analysis platform, adopts gridding method statistics lightning parameter.Resist thunderbolt ability and feature thereof at ground object, set the dangerous amplitude of lightning current scope of object damage to crops caused by thunder, again according to this scope, the thunder and lightning data that adopts computer statistics to handle, obtaining corresponding electric network thunderstorm damage distributes, adopt the definite operational reliability index of transmission line and the statistics of lightning stroke flashover type, critical density value during the damage to crops caused by thunder that setting can cause lightning stroke flashover distributes, with this critical density value is criterion, the classification and the distribution of statistics damage to crops caused by thunder, according to damage to crops caused by thunder classification and distribution, determine transmission line lightning protection configuration again.
In conjunction with each electric pressure electrical network shielding characteristic current, counterattack characteristic current, set up the dangerous currents data analysis system, adopt gridding method to determine required data and analysis result, to analysis result adopt that the lightning strike accident record compares, verification and correction.The damage to crops caused by thunder that obtains respective objects distributes.Critical density value according to damage to crops caused by thunder distributes and reliability index is determined corresponding damage to crops caused by thunder distribution accordingly is divided into level Four according to this density value with the electric network thunderstorm damage zone, and this level Four damage to crops caused by thunder district is carried out specific aim lightning protection measure configuration.It adopts following steps: (1) deposits the thunder and lightning automatic monitoring data in database by time, position, amplitude of lightning current and polarity special topic attribute data by computer.Employing has the computer of GIS processing capacity, use special-purpose software, setting program is to destination object---and the selection area on the numerical map carries out the homalographic grid and divides, setting each grid is a thunder and lightning statistic unit, thunder and lightning data of database and geographic corresponding grid are carried out the position relatively, thematic data in the thunder and lightning database is called in corresponding grid as statistical sample by geographical attribute, and the ground of adding up in each grid dodges number.(2) set shielding dangerous currents value range, counterattack dangerous currents value range according to line insulation nargin.Carry out amplitude relatively according to this scope, amplitude of lightning current in each grid is rejected in shielding, the outer data of counterattack dangerous currents value range, dodge number of times by the ground of remainder and obtain respectively divided by corresponding grid area that electrical network shielding damage to crops caused by thunder distributes and electrical network is strikeed back the damage to crops caused by thunder distribution.(3) simultaneously, the historical lightning stroke flashover accident record of electrical network is stored into computer by the thematic attribute data of time of origin, lightning strike spot latitude and longitude coordinates, flashover type, electric pressure, set up electrical network lightning fault database.Lightning fault data of database and geographic corresponding grid are carried out the position relatively, latitude and longitude coordinates according to geography information is called in shielding fault point, counterattack fault point respectively in the corresponding geographic grid, with this grid is the center, adjacent mesh is carried out mark, and the historical damage to crops caused by thunder of acquisition electrical network shielding zone, electrical network are strikeed back historical damage to crops caused by thunder zone; (4) distribution of associating shielding electric network thunderstorm damage and the historical damage to crops caused by thunder of shielding electrical network zone obtain comprehensive electrical network shielding damage to crops caused by thunder distribution, unite distribution of counterattack electric network thunderstorm damage and electrical network and strike back historical damage to crops caused by thunder zone, obtain comprehensive electrical network and strike back the damage to crops caused by thunder distribution map.(5) (be tripping rate with lightning strike according to existing lightning protection reliability control index, unit/(hundred kilometers 40 thunder and lightning days)) carrying out lightning protection calculates, acquisition is corresponding to the density value of the grid on the electric network thunderstorm damage distribution map of each electric pressure reliability index, the density value of the dangerous thunder and lightning of this grid is the critical density value, with this critical density value is criterion, the density value that compares grid, on electric network thunderstorm damage figure, the net region that the density value of grid surpasses this critical density value is demarcated and is that net region that nonattainment area, the density value of grid are no more than this critical density value is demarcated and is nonattainment area not.According to damage to crops caused by thunder character, the critical density value is divided into dangerous thunder and lightning density value of critical shielding and the dangerous thunder and lightning density value of critical counterattack, set mutually fixed dangerous thunder and lightning density value of critical shielding and the dangerous thunder and lightning density value of critical counterattack as criterion, according to criterion corresponding damage to crops caused by thunder zone is divided into not nonattainment area of shielding nonattainment area and shielding, counterattack nonattainment area and strike back not nonattainment area.(6) comprehensive these four zones, classification is carried out in zone on the electric network thunderstorm damage distribution map, be divided into into level Four damage to crops caused by thunder district: strike back not nonattainment area and shielding not the common factor of nonattainment area be called 1 grade of damage to crops caused by thunder district, counterattack nonattainment area and the shielding not common factor of nonattainment area are called 2 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts, strike back not that the common factor of nonattainment area and shielding nonattainment area is called 3 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts, the common factor of counterattack nonattainment area and shielding nonattainment area is called 4 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts.(7) according to the damage to crops caused by thunder character in level Four damage to crops caused by thunder district, carry out the configuration of lightning protection targetedly, the dangerous thunder and lightning density value of the grid of 1 grade of damage to crops caused by thunder district correspondence had not both surpassed corresponding counterattack critical density value (criterion), do not surpass corresponding shielding critical density value (criterion) yet, the damage to crops caused by thunder generation order of severity is relatively low, carries out conventional lightning protection configuration according to China's Electric Power Industry standard " overvoltage protection of alternating-current electric device and insulation coordination " (DL/T 620-1997); Though the dangerous thunder and lightning density of the grid of 2 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder district correspondences does not surpass corresponding shielding critical density value (criterion), but surpassed corresponding counterattack critical density value (criterion), except carry out conventional lightning protection configuration by China's Electric Power Industry rules DL/T 620-1997, also need install special lightning protection measures additional at counterattack, as reduce earth resistance, reinforced insulation etc.; The dangerous thunder and lightning density of the grid of 3 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder district correspondences does not surpass corresponding counterattack critical density value, but surpassed corresponding shielding critical density value, except carry out conventional lightning protection configuration by China's Electric Power Industry rules DL/T 620-1997, also need install special lightning protection measures additional, as reduce shielding angle etc. at shielding; The dangerous thunder and lightning density value of the grid of 4 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder district correspondences had both surpassed corresponding counterattack critical density value, also surpassed corresponding shielding critical density value, be the serious relatively zone of damage to crops caused by thunder, except carry out conventional lightning protection configuration by China's Electric Power Industry rules DL/T 620-1997, also need install the lightning protection measures of other anti-shieldings, counterattack additional, and the lightning protection measures in 2,3 grades of minefields of integrated use.
With other damage to crops caused by thunder district of four levels of above-mentioned setting carry out the lightning protection configuration of transmission line concrete implement as follows:
A. for 1 grade of damage to crops caused by thunder district, carry out conventional lightning protection configuration by DL/T620-1997;
B. for 2 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts, strengthen the configuration of the anti-counterattack of transmission line flashover, the requirement of powerline pole tower ground resistance value, the 110kV-500kV overhead line structures are not higher than at the earth resistance in mountain area: 15 Ω, the earth resistance in the plains region is not higher than 7 Ω; Perhaps strengthen the dielectric strength of transmission line, require composite insulator: under the prerequisite that satisfies windage yaw and the requirement of lead distance to the ground, the 500kV circuit uses the dry arcing distance of composite insulator to be not less than the structure length of 30 suspended porcelain insulators or glass insulator; The dry arcing distance of 220kV circuit use composite insulator should not be less than the structure length of 14 suspended porcelain insulators or glass insulator; The 110kV circuit uses the dry arcing distance of composite insulator to be not less than the structure length of 7 suspension type porcelain or glass insulator; Require porcelain, glass insulator to select for use sheet number: 500kV to select 30 to 32; 220kV selects 15; 110kV selects 9;
C. for 3 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts, strengthen the configuration of the anti-shielding flashover of transmission line, reduce the lightning conducter shielding angle, newly-built 110kV～500kV circuit should set up the double joint overhead ground wire completely, 500kV and 220kV should adopt the negative angle protection, and 110kV route protection angle should be adopted below 10 °;
D. for 4 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts, strengthen the anti-counterattack of transmission line flashover simultaneously and dispose, unite the lightning protection configuration of adopting 2,3 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts with the rich flashover that hits.
Obtaining data processing and can handling on a computer of above-mentioned electric network thunderstorm damage distribution map and criterion also can connect by network on many computers, carry out data exchange processing.Thereby for the present invention obtains the statistics resource, accomplish the statistics resource-sharing effectively.
Adopt computer typing North China that collect, that contain geographical attribute electric network thunder and lightning navigation system automatic monitoring data and electrical network lightning strike accident data, the program of using a computer is handled.Wherein:
1, the electric network thunderstorm damage distribution map determines
(1) the dangerous currents scope chooses
Electric network thunderstorm damage its distinctive feature arranged, be subjected to the influence of line insulation level, only dodge and just can cause lightning strike accident on the ground of some current amplitude section, its extent of injury of lightning current that amplitude is different is also different.
Determine that the dangerous currents scope is a precondition of determining that electric network thunderstorm damage distributes, choosing of dangerous currents is also to utilize existing computational methods to determine with the anti-thunder performance prerequisite of most transmission lines in the electrical network.Different electric pressure electrical networks, its insulation level is significantly different, the electrical network of same electric pressure, its anti-shielding, counterattack performance also can be significantly different because of the applied environment condition difference that is faced, and from application point, different at shielding with the measure of counterattack lightning protection, so propose different shielding dangerous currents scopes and counterattack dangerous currents scope at different electric pressures.Concerning same electric pressure, the scope of dangerous currents is not different yet simultaneously for tower difference, earth resistance difference, shielding angle simultaneously, and the dangerous currents scope is chosen the dangerous currents that should make most transmission lines and all dropped in the selected dangerous currents scope.The scope (start-stop value) of counterattack dangerous currents (DL/T620-1997) is found the solution according to existing power industry rules " overvoltage protection of alternating-current electric device and insulation coordination "; the shielding lightning withstand level is still according to these rules, and the maximum critical current of shielding is then determined according to electric geometrical model.
To the 500kV electrical network, suppose that insulator adopts 28, U
50%Be 2420kV, span is 450m; Closing on pole tower ground resistance is 15 Ω, and result of calculation is shown in Table 1.From result of calculation as seen, power-frequency voltage is very large for the influence of lightning withstand level, considers under influence (this conforms to the actual) situation of power-frequency voltage, and the lightning withstand level ratio has not on average descended 18% when not considering power-frequency voltage.
Therefore, can negate hit dangerous currents lower limit 134kA (the standardization circuit requires to satisfy 15 Ω), consider more general result, get 125kA for the 500kV transmission line.
In like manner, can negate hit dangerous currents lower limit 75kA to the 220kV transmission line.
The result of calculation of table 1500kV circuit counterattack lightning withstand level
According to the rules method: general 220kV shielding lightning withstand level is 14.0kA (corresponding U
50%Be 1400kV).
Two kinds of typical transmission lines in the his-and-hers watches 2 carry out the shielding critical current and calculate, and the results are shown in Table shown in 3.Area, Chengde 7 220kV electrical networks lightning stroke trip accident June in 2006 is analyzed, comprised the shielding accident 4 times, the shielding electric current calculates and the results are shown in Table 4.
Consolidated statement 3, table 4, visible use to hit apart from method calculate current value for 220kV transmission line generation shielding generally about 15-40kA.Further to Shanxi Province's electrical network and Hebei Southern net thunderbolt investigation statistics, in the general also shielding dangerous currents scope in this research of shielding current sample size.
Take all factors into consideration and down 220kV shielding dangerous currents scope is taken as [10kA, 40kA].
In like manner, 500kV electrical network shielding dangerous currents scope is taken as [20kA, 50kA].
Two kinds of typical 220kV transmission line parameter tables of table 2
| The shaft tower type | Span (m) | Lead hanging wire point is to ground level (m) | Lightning conducter hanging wire point is to ground level (m) | Lead hanging wire point is to tower central horizontal distance (m) | Lightning conducter hanging wire point is to tower central horizontal distance (m) | Insulator string length (m) |
| SZ 2 | 358 | 30 | 40 | 13 | 8.5 | 2.34 |
| SJ 2 | 306 | 30.5 | 41.5 | 7.2 | 3.8 | 2.34 |
The maximum shielding electric current of table 3 result of calculation
The calculated case (example) of table 4220kV circuit shielding electric current
(2) the electric network thunderstorm damage distribution map determines
At first should determine to strike back electric network thunderstorm damage distribution and shielding electric network thunderstorm damage distributes.With above-mentioned dangerous currents start-stop value is the dangerous currents scope, adds up under 0.2 ° * 0.2 ° grid that the ground of amplitude of lightning current in this scope dodges number in each grid, again divided by corresponding grid area, obtains the dangerous thunder and lightning density value of each grid.
Add up the ground sudden strain of a muscle density of amplitude range in 125kA and above scope in each grid, obtain North China 500kV electrical network counterattack damage to crops caused by thunder and distribute; Add up the ground sudden strain of a muscle density of amplitude range in 20kA～50kA scope in each grid, obtain North China 500kV electrical network shielding damage to crops caused by thunder and distribute; Add up the ground sudden strain of a muscle density of amplitude in 75kA and above scope in each grid, obtain North China 220kV electrical network counterattack damage to crops caused by thunder and distribute; Add up the ground sudden strain of a muscle density of amplitude in 10kA～40kA scope in each grid, obtain North China 220kV electrical network shielding damage to crops caused by thunder and distribute.
Determine counterattack electrical network historical damage to crops caused by thunder zone and the historical damage to crops caused by thunder of shielding electrical network zone again.Operating experience is to the checking of all measures and basic theory and summary, is electrical network and the imbody that combines naturally, and damage to crops caused by thunder is distributed on the basis that dangerous thunder and lightning distributes at first should be considered to adopt operating experience to replenish.Be recorded as the basis with the lightning strike accident in 2000～2007 4 years in North China and set up lightning fault database with geographical attribute.2000～2007 years 500kV transmission lines in North China lightning fault occurs 43 times altogether, and the 220kV transmission line lightning fault occurs 74 times altogether.To strike back fault point and shielding fault point and be labeled in respectively in the geographical electronic chart in North China, find and its grid that intersects, this grid and adjacent two grids thereof will be picked out, form the historical electric network thunderstorm damage of counterattack zone, the historical electric network thunderstorm damage of shielding zone.
To strike back electric network thunderstorm damage distribution map and the historical electric network thunderstorm damage of counterattack zone, shielding electric network thunderstorm damage distribution map and the historical damage to crops caused by thunder of shielding electrical network zone at last and integrate respectively, form comprehensive counterattack electric network thunderstorm damage distribution map and comprehensive shielding electric network thunderstorm damage distribution map.The historical damage to crops caused by thunder of these two electrical networks zones are superimposed upon respectively on counterattack electric network thunderstorm damage distribution map, the shielding electric network thunderstorm damage distribution map, the zone of the historical failure among two figure are adopted with this zone adjacent attribute that makes progress play up.
2, definite (the selecting of criterion) of critical density value
Abiding by a line 50# shaft tower with North China electrical network 500kV holder source one loop line 256# shaft tower and Pan 220kV is that example is calculated.
The method that the basis China's Electric Power Industry standard " overvoltage protection of alternating-current electric device and insulation coordination " (DL/T 620-1997) of tripping rate with lightning strike is recommended is undertaken by formula (1).
N＝N
Lη(gP
1+P
αP
2) (1)
Wherein, N is a tripping rate with lightning strike, N
LBe the year thunderbolt number of times of 40 thunders and lightnings per 100 km under day, N
L=0.28 (b+4h), b are the distance between two lightning conducters, and h is the lightning conducter average height; G is for hitting the bar rate; η is a probability of sustained arc, P
1The probability of lightning current of lightning withstand level when being struck by lightning the head of mast for surpassing, P
2Probability for the appearance of shielding dangerous currents; P
αBe risk of shielding failure, for the Plain circuit,
For mountain route,
Defining dangerous thunder and lightning density is N
Gc, strikeing back dangerous thunder and lightning density is N
Gc1, the dangerous thunder and lightning density of shielding is N
Gc2, then
N
gc1＝N
gP
1，N
gc2＝N
gP
2，
Then strike back trip-out rate
The shielding trip-out rate
Tripping rate with lightning strike N=n
r+ n
f
Calculate according to the reliability control index that state net company sets, state net company set 500kV circuit reliability control index be 0.14 time/(hundred kilometers 40 thunder and lightning days), 220kV circuit reliability control index be 0.315 time/(hundred kilometers 40 thunder and lightning days).Mix at the branch of shielding trip-out rate and counterattack trip-out rate for reliability control index, carry out according to operating experience, the 500kV circuit, counterattack tripping operation accident and shielding tripping operation accident ratio account for 30% respectively, 70%, to the 220kV circuit, counterattack tripping operation accident and shielding tripping operation accident ratio respectively account for 50%.
A. NORTEL net 500kV holder to China source one loop line 256# shaft tower, the critical density value is calculated
The shaft tower parameter is as follows: the ZKI type, A is height 40.66m mutually, A mutually in apart from 12.4m, installation of dual lightning wires, lightning conducter be apart from 21.3m, lightning conducter height 49.5m.Ground elevation is 10 ° herein.
Then can be regarded as lightning conducter average height h=49.5-2/3*9.5=43.167 (m), shielding angle α=11.198 °, risk of shielding failure P
α=0.0037.
The dangerous thunder and lightning density value of critical counterattack:
(T
dGet 26 according to 256# tower present position with by 0.15 ° of grid)
The dangerous thunder and lightning density value of critical shielding:
Inquiry from electrical network counterattack damage to crops caused by thunder distribution and the distribution of electrical network shielding damage to crops caused by thunder, find that this tower grid of living in strikes back dangerous thunder and lightning density greater than the dangerous thunder and lightning density value of this critical counterattack, the dangerous thunder and lightning density of shielding is also greater than the dangerous thunder and lightning density value of this critical shielding, so this tower present position both had been the counterattack nonattainment area, also be the shielding nonattainment area, promptly be 4 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts herein.
B. NORTEL net 220kV Jiang Xing one line 54# shaft tower to China, the critical density value is calculated
The shaft tower parameter is as follows: the Z43-L type, shaft tower height 38.25m, installation of dual lightning wires, lightning conducter be apart from 6m, lightning conducter sag 6.9m, 13 ° of shieldings angle.Landform is the mountain top herein.
Then can be regarded as, lightning conducter average height h=38.25-2/3*6.9=33.65 (m), risk of shielding failure P
α=0.0038.
The dangerous thunder and lightning density value of critical counterattack:
(T
dGet 30 according to this tower present position with by 0.15 ° of grid)
The dangerous thunder and lightning density value of critical shielding:
Inquiry from electrical network counterattack damage to crops caused by thunder distribution and the distribution of electrical network shielding damage to crops caused by thunder, find that this tower grid of living in strikes back dangerous thunder and lightning density greater than the dangerous thunder and lightning density value of this critical counterattack, the dangerous thunder and lightning density of shielding is less than the dangerous thunder and lightning density value of this critical shielding, so this tower present position is the counterattack nonattainment area, shielding is the nonattainment area not, promptly is 2 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts herein.
3, lightning protection allocation plan
This each shaft tower is carried out the density calculation of borderline risk thunder and lightning according to above-mentioned, compare with it according to dangerous thunder and lightning density of the shielding of relevant position on the electric network thunderstorm damage distribution map and the dangerous thunder and lightning density value of counterattack again, judge the residing damage to crops caused by thunder area grade of shaft tower, carry out the method for lightning protection measure configuration according to its damage to crops caused by thunder grade, North China electrical network production department in 2007 at 10 500kV transmission lines such as the prosperous double loop of sand with hold and installed anti-shock arrester targetedly on 15 220kV transmission lines such as a grand loop line and the side pin amounts to 1420 covers, 121 of leakage conductors are installed, transform earthing device 1003 bases, ground connection adjunction ground module 257 bases install continuous ground body 166km additional.
Claims (2)
1. utilize damage to crops caused by thunder to distribute and carry out the method for transmission line lightning protection configuration, adopt computer that the thunder and lightning automatic monitoring data is handled, set up database, with GIS-Geographic Information System and database is analysis platform, adopt gridding method statistics lightning parameter, and resist thunderbolt ability and feature thereof at ground object, set the dangerous amplitude of lightning current scope of object damage to crops caused by thunder, and adopt the thunder and lightning data of computer statistics according to this danger amplitude of lightning current scope, obtaining corresponding electric network thunderstorm damage distributes, it is characterized in that, adopt the operational reliability index that transmission line determines and the statistics of lightning stroke flashover type, the critical density value during the damage to crops caused by thunder that setting can cause lightning stroke flashover distributes, with this critical density value is criterion, the classification and the distribution of statistics damage to crops caused by thunder again according to damage to crops caused by thunder classification and distribution, are determined transmission line lightning protection configuration; In conjunction with each electric pressure electrical network shielding characteristic current, counterattack characteristic current, set up the dangerous currents data analysis system, adopt gridding method to determine required data and analysis result, to analysis result adopt that the lightning strike accident record compares, verification and correction, the damage to crops caused by thunder that obtains respective objects distributes; Critical density value according to damage to crops caused by thunder distributes and reliability index is determined corresponding damage to crops caused by thunder distribution accordingly is divided into level Four according to this density value with the electric network thunderstorm damage zone, and this level Four damage to crops caused by thunder district is carried out specific aim lightning protection measure configuration, and the basic step of employing is as follows:
(1) at first, deposit the thunder and lightning automatic monitoring data in database by time, position, amplitude of lightning current and polarity, main discharge and time continuous thematic attribute data that discharges by computer classes; Employing has the computer program of GIS-Geographic Information System processing capacity to determine the corresponding region of thunder and lightning automatic monitoring data on numerical map, the selection area on the numerical map is carried out the homalographic grid divide; By computer the data information of each grid is added up; And make the lightning monitoring data be given thunder and lightning special topic attribute and geographical attribute, each grid of dividing has and lightning monitoring data same coordinate system geographical attribute automatically; The region, the related grid place of lightning parameter of adopting gridding method to count, setting each grid is a thunder and lightning statistic unit; Thematic data in the database is called in map network as statistical sample by geographical attribute, add up each grid and the thunder and lightning number of times occurs;
(2) according to the line insulation structure, the dangerous amplitude of lightning current value range of insulator string generation flashover that can cause transmission line is as criterion, add up the current amplitude attribute of thunder and lightning in each grid, reject the data outside the criterion, again with each grid year the thunder and lightning number of times divided by the grid area, obtain electric network thunderstorm damage and distribute; The line insulation structure comprises line voltage grade, transmission line framework, orographic factor; Set shielding dangerous currents value range, counterattack dangerous currents value range according to line insulation nargin; Carry out amplitude relatively according to this scope, amplitude of lightning current in each grid is rejected in shielding, the outer data of counterattack dangerous currents value range, dodge number of times by the ground of remainder and obtain respectively divided by corresponding grid area that electrical network shielding damage to crops caused by thunder distributes and electrical network is strikeed back the damage to crops caused by thunder distribution;
The record of the transmission line lightning stroke flashover incident that (3) will take place is classified by the thematic attribute of time of origin, position coordinates, flashover type, electric pressure, its storage is advanced the lightning fault database in the computer, the lightning stroke flashover incident is called in the grid that its corresponding electric network thunderstorm damage distributes according to its thematic attribute successively, with this grid is the center, the grid that links to each other is carried out mark, obtain the historical damage to crops caused by thunder of electrical network zone, be divided into electrical network by fault point character and strike back historical damage to crops caused by thunder zone, the historical damage to crops caused by thunder of electrical network shielding zone;
(4) the electrical network counterattack damage to crops caused by thunder distribution and the electrical network of each electric pressure are strikeed back historical damage to crops caused by thunder zone, electrical network shielding damage to crops caused by thunder distributes and the historical damage to crops caused by thunder of electrical network shielding zone goes out corresponding geographic distribution layer with COMPUTER CALCULATION, uses GIS-Geographic Information System to obtain electric network synthetic counterattack damage to crops caused by thunder distribution map, electric network synthetic shielding damage to crops caused by thunder distribution map respectively again;
(5) promptly trip number of times/(hundred kilometers 40 thunder and lightning days) according to transmission line lightning protection reliability control index, with lightning stroke flashover type statistics data, critical density value during the damage to crops caused by thunder that setting can cause shielding flashover and counterattack flashover distributes, with this critical density value is criterion, the ground of the grid that statistics damage to crops caused by thunder distributes dodges density value, demarcates the exceed standard value and the value that do not exceed standard respectively;
(6) statistics damage to crops caused by thunder distribution grid, exceed standard value and four other damage to crops caused by thunder districts of level of the value various combination that do not exceed standard setting according to counterattack and shielding, wherein, have counterattack the do not exceed standard data area of value of value and shielding that do not exceed standard and be set at 1 grade of damage to crops caused by thunder district, have counterattack the do not exceed standard data area of value of value and shielding that exceeds standard and be set at 2 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts, have counterattack the exceed standard data area of value of value and shielding that do not exceed standard and be set at 3 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts, have counterattack the exceed standard data area of value of value and shielding that exceeds standard and be set at 4 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts;
(7) carry out the lightning protection configuration of transmission line with other damage to crops caused by thunder district of four levels of above-mentioned setting.
2. the method for utilizing damage to crops caused by thunder distribution carrying out transmission line lightning protection configuration according to claim 1 is characterized in that, carries out the lightning protection configuration of transmission line with other damage to crops caused by thunder district of four levels of above-mentioned setting: wherein,
A. for 1 grade of damage to crops caused by thunder district, carry out conventional lightning protection configuration by DL/T620-1997;
B. for 2 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts, strengthen the configuration of the anti-counterattack of transmission line flashover, the requirement of powerline pole tower ground resistance value, the 110kV-500kV overhead line structures are not higher than at the earth resistance in mountain area: 15 Ω, the earth resistance in the plains region is not higher than 7 Ω; Perhaps strengthen the dielectric strength of transmission line, require composite insulator: under the prerequisite that satisfies windage yaw and the requirement of lead distance to the ground, the 500kV circuit uses the dry arcing distance of composite insulator to be not less than the structure length of 30 suspended porcelain insulators or glass insulator; The 220kV circuit uses the dry arcing distance of composite insulator to be not less than the structure length of 14 suspended porcelain insulators or glass insulator; The 110kV circuit uses the dry arcing distance of composite insulator to be not less than the structure length of 7 suspension type porcelain or glass insulator; Require porcelain or glass insulator to select for use sheet number: 500kV to select 30 to 32; 220kV selects 15; 110kV selects 9;
C. for 3 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts, strengthen the configuration of the anti-shielding flashover of transmission line, reduce the lightning conducter shielding angle, newly-built 110kV～500kV circuit should set up the double joint overhead ground wire completely, 500kV and 220kV should adopt the negative angle protection, and 110kV route protection angle should be adopted below 10 °;
D. for 4 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts, strengthen transmission line anti-counterattack flashover and the configuration of shielding flashover simultaneously, unite the lightning protection configuration of adopting 2,3 grades of damage to crops caused by thunder districts.
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