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CN101208532A - 离合器系统 - Google Patents

离合器系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101208532A
CN101208532A CNA200680023196XA CN200680023196A CN101208532A CN 101208532 A CN101208532 A CN 101208532A CN A200680023196X A CNA200680023196X A CN A200680023196XA CN 200680023196 A CN200680023196 A CN 200680023196A CN 101208532 A CN101208532 A CN 101208532A
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fitting
clutch assembly
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CN101208532B (zh
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J·克罗尔
H·蒙德
周斌
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Luke Asset Management Co ltd
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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LuK Lamellen und Kupplungsbau GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/58—Details
    • F16D13/70—Pressure members, e.g. pressure plates, for clutch-plates or lamellae; Guiding arrangements for pressure members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/58—Details
    • F16D13/60—Clutching elements
    • F16D13/64—Clutch-plates; Clutch-lamellae
    • F16D13/68—Attachments of plates or lamellae to their supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/10—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially
    • F16D1/108—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially having retaining means rotating with the coupling and acting by interengaging parts, i.e. positive coupling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/58—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/58—Details
    • F16D13/75—Features relating to adjustment, e.g. slack adjusters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/12—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/12—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
    • F16F15/1203—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon characterised by manufacturing, e.g. assembling or testing procedures for the damper units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/10—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially
    • F16D2001/103—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially the torque is transmitted via splined connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • F16D2021/0607—Double clutch with torque input plate in-between the two clutches, i.e. having a central input plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • F16D2021/0607—Double clutch with torque input plate in-between the two clutches, i.e. having a central input plate
    • F16D2021/0615—Double clutch with torque input plate in-between the two clutches, i.e. having a central input plate the central input plate is supported by bearings in-between the two clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • F16D2021/0684—Mechanically actuated clutches with two clutch plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00—Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/12—Mounting or assembling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00—Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/26—Cover or bell housings; Details or arrangements thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/32—Modular design

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种离合器总成或离合器系统，该离合器总成或离合器系统由至少两个子单元组成，其中，一个子单元可预装配在发动机侧、即发动机的输出轴上并且另一个子单元可预装配在变速器侧。

Description

离合器系统
本发明涉及一种离合器总成或离合器系统，该离合器总成或离合器系统由至少两个子单元组成，其中，一个子单元可预装配在发动机侧、即发动机的输出轴上并且另一个子单元可预装配在变速器侧。优选预装配在发动机侧的子单元包括一个扭转振动减振装置并且可预装配在变速器侧的子单元包括至少一个摩擦离合器。
本发明的任务在于，在组装发动机和变速器时保证这两个子单元之间的无缺点的驱动连接装置。尤其是应避免在存在于这些子单元之间的驱动连接装置内部产生噪声、例如咔嗒噪声。另外，该驱动连接装置应该可用特别简单且成本低廉的方式实现。
根据本发明，这在开头所述类型的离合器总成中主要这样来实现：两个子单元可通过一个驱动连接装置彼此相耦合，该驱动连接装置包括至少一个轴向的插接连接装置，所述插接连接装置包括一些彼此相啮合的型廓部和配合型廓部，通过这些型廓部和配合型廓部可在两个子单元之间建立转动耦合，其中，构成这些型廓部和配合型廓部的型廓中至少个别型廓被压紧。
这种压紧可在径向方向上进行，由此可消除可能存在的扭转间隙。但也可以以有利的方式在圆周方向上进行型廓部与配合型廓部之间的压紧。为此，构成型廓部和/或配合型廓部的型廓中至少个别型廓可由两个具有齿部的构件组成，其中，这些齿部在圆周方向上被压紧在一个配合齿部(配合型廓部和/或型廓部)上。由此可保证相应的型廓之间的实际上无间隙的啮合。由于存在于这两个构件之间的压紧，也可实现型廓部与配合型廓部之间的一定程度上扭转弹性的连接。该弹性的压紧的扭转刚度与通过至少一个压紧这两个构件的能量储存器、例如螺旋弹簧施加的力相关。型廓部与配合型廓部之间产生的扭转刚度在此可以以有利的方式处于10与60Nm/°的数量级。
为了简化型廓部和配合型廓部的装配，符合目的的可以是，构成型廓部和/或配合型廓部的型廓中至少个别型廓由在圆周方向上在相反的方向上彼此相对压紧的部分型廓、如尤其是部分齿部构成，这些部分型廓抵抗作用在这些部分型廓上的压紧力借助于至少一个保持元件保持在一个角度位置中，该角度位置允许构成轴向的插接连接装置的型廓部和配合型廓部相接合。在型廓部和配合型廓部接合时或接合之后保持元件可被带到一个位置中，该位置至少使得插接连接装置部分地在圆周方向压紧。部分型廓构成可在宽度上变化的型廓或配合型廓，这些型廓或配合型廓无间隙地压紧在槽中，这些型廓或配合型廓啮合相应啮合在所述槽中。
借助于图1至图4a详细描述本发明：
为了避免减振器2(ZMS)与双离合器3之间的齿部连接装置1中的噪声，设置有一个优选直到约40Nm负荷仍无间隙的齿部连接装置1。此外，该齿部连接装置1应在装配时易于插入。
解决原理是具有弹簧压紧力的双齿部5、6，它通过止动环7满足装配要求。设置在圆周上的预压紧的压簧8将两个设置有内齿部5、6的板9、10(法兰9和板10)彼此压开。在拉工况中，法兰9将发动机力矩直接引导到携动环11上，该携动环具有外齿部12作为配合段。在推工况中，携动环11通过齿部朝板10压并且将推力矩通过压簧8再引导到法兰9上。弹簧力应足够大，以便避免齿部5和/或6在一些工作状态中抬起。止动环7负责这两个内齿部5、6在减振器2和离合器总成3接合之前齐平地对准，以便使携动环的外齿部12在装配时可与齿部5、6容易啮合。携动环11的端侧13使止动环7在装配时从止动位置移出(图3和图3a)，一旦止动指14从板6滑出，这两个内齿部部分5、6就固定地压紧在此通过携动环11构成的配合件11。
齿部5、6因此构成部分型廓，这些部分型廓在构成型廓部和配合型廓部的一方面齿部5、6及另一方面12接合之前抵抗作用在这些部分型廓上的压紧力借助于一个保持元件保持在角度位置中，该保持元件在此通过止动环7构成。由此保证这两个子单元2和3在组装发动机和变速器时简单地插接在一起。在此通过减振器2构成的子单元预装配在发动机侧，而在此通过离合器总成3构成的第二子单元预装配在变速器侧。
在所示和所述的实施例中，在这两个子单元2和3接合时进行一方面通过内齿部5、6及另一方面通过外齿部12构成的型廓部与配合型廓部之间的自动压紧。这种自动压紧通过由止动环7构成的保持元件的轴向移动来进行。但这两个部分9与10之间的压紧状态的解锁也可在这两个在此通过减振器2和离合器总成3构成的子单元之间建立轴向插接连接之后才进行，例如手动地，借助于辅助工具。
根据另一个解决原理，通过环7构成的止动装置可取消，其中，两个齿部5和6则这样在圆周方向彼此相对错位，使得保留在齿部5和6之间的轴向齿槽具有比外齿部12的至少个别齿在圆周方向的宽度小的宽度。构成齿部5、6和12的齿的齿面在此在轴向方向上这样彼此协调，使得在齿部5、6和12轴向接合时齿部5、6抵抗弹簧8的作用在圆周方向上扭转。由此保证在两个子单元2和3轴向插在一起后外齿部12的至少个别齿在圆周方向压紧在齿部5和6的齿之间。齿部12轴向插入到通过齿部5和6构成的较小宽度的齿槽中可用简单的方式通过相应地构造轴向端面或端面与齿部12的齿之间的过渡部来保证。例如可至少在构成齿部12的齿的端面区域中设置一些相应的整圆部或穿入斜坡。
就本申请中描述的离合器总成的一般结构和工作原理以及所述一方面可预装配在发动机侧另一方面可预装配在变速器侧的构成该离合器总成的两个子单元的预装配和组装而言，参考DE 10 2005 027608并且尤其是参考DE 10 2004 042 640.6。在最后所述的申请中，可预装配在发动机侧的减振系统与可预装配在变速器侧的离合器装置之间的插接连接装置已经公开，其中，该离合器装置构造成双片离合器或双离合器。
参考标号清单
1齿部连接装置    9法兰
2减振器          10板
3离合器          11携动环
5双齿部          12外齿部
6双齿部          13端侧
7止动环          14止动指
8压簧

Claims (9)

1.离合器总成，该离合器总成由至少两个子单元组成，其中，一个子单元可预装配在发动机侧、即发动机的输出轴上并且另一个子单元可预装配在变速器侧，其中，两个子单元可通过一个轴向的插接连接装置彼此相耦合，该插接连接装置包括一些彼此相啮合的型廓部和配合型廓部，其特征在于：这些型廓部和配合型廓部被压紧。
2.根据权利要求1的离合器总成，其特征在于：该压紧在圆周方向上进行。
3.根据权利要求1或2的离合器总成，其特征在于：这些型廓部和/或配合型廓部由两个具有齿部的构件构成，其中，这些齿部在圆周方向上被压紧在一个配合齿部(配合型廓部和/或型廓部)上。
4.根据权利要求1至3中一项的离合器总成，其特征在于：这些型廓部和配合型廓部的压紧通过弹簧装置进行。
5.根据权利要求4的离合器总成，其特征在于：这些弹簧装置产生10与60Nm之间的数量级的扭转刚度。
6.离合器总成，该离合器总成由至少两个子单元组成，其中，一个子单元可预装配在发动机侧、即发动机的输出轴上并且另一个子单元可预装配在变速器侧，其中，两个子单元可通过一个轴向的插接连接装置彼此相耦合，该插接连接装置包括一些彼此相啮合的型廓部和配合型廓部，其特征在于：这些型廓部和这些配合型廓部通过收缩连接彼此相连接。
7.根据权利要求6的离合器总成，其特征在于：这些型廓部和这些配合型廓部通过设置在构件上的彼此相啮合的外齿部和内齿部构成。
8.根据权利要求7的离合器总成，其特征在于：为了装配该外齿部和该内齿部，该外齿部被加热并且该内齿部被冷却。
9.根据权利要求1至5中一项的离合器总成，其特征在于：构成这些型廓部和/或这些配合型廓部的型廓中至少个别型廓由在圆周方向上在相反的方向上彼此相对压紧的部分型廓构成，这些部分型廓抵抗作用在这些部分型廓上的压紧力借助于至少一个保持元件保持在角度位置中，该角度位置允许构成该轴向的插接连接装置的这些型廓部和配合型廓部相接合，其中，在这些型廓部和配合型廓部接合时或接合之后所述保持元件可被带到一个位置中，该位置至少使得该插接连接装置部分地在圆周方向压紧。
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