CN101048181A - 细菌递送系统 - Google Patents
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- CN101048181A CN101048181A CNA2005800350589A CN200580035058A CN101048181A CN 101048181 A CN101048181 A CN 101048181A CN A2005800350589 A CNA2005800350589 A CN A2005800350589A CN 200580035058 A CN200580035058 A CN 200580035058A CN 101048181 A CN101048181 A CN 101048181A
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Abstract
本发明公开了包含药理学活性目标分子的基于螺杆菌的制剂,以及制备和使用所述制剂的方法。具体而言,提供了幽门螺杆菌载体,载体质粒和重组细胞,其包括有效用于针对疾病的治疗性处理和/或接种疫苗的药理学目标分子的序列。在黏膜表面诸如胃黏膜或鼻膜提供所述药理学活性分子的递送,从而提供药理学活性剂的有效和持续的递送。还提供载体和穿梭载体构建体。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及生物活性剂的体内递送。具体而言,本发明涉及使用用于将生物活性剂直接体内递送到解剖位点的细菌递送系统来治疗,减轻或预防疾病。在一个实施方案中,细菌递送系统包括螺杆菌属(Helicobacter)或显示将异源核酸递送到表达所述异源核酸的动物或动物细胞中的螺杆菌特征的细菌。在另一个实施方案中,对所述螺杆菌进行改造以包含编码异源核酸的DNA载体,其中在感染后,所述核酸载体表达从而将生物活性剂递送到动物体,尤其是在黏膜上。
发明背景
存在向患有先天的和获得性疾病的个体长期递送药剂和免疫试剂的持续的需要。在大多数情形中,这包括每天数次,每日一次或以一定间隔重复施用治疗性化合物。然而,要理解的是,任何长期治疗或预防性方案具有这样的问题诸如顺应性,副作用和药物抗性。因此存在鉴定治疗的持续需要,所述治疗通常是100%有效的,无副作用并且是廉价的。
近年来研究的用于各种治疗和预防性药剂的一种递送形式是微生物的使用。出于指导(directing)这些微生物表达外源蛋白质或赋予某些理想的性质的目的,已经将来自包括细菌、病毒、寄生虫以及哺乳动物的各种生物的目标基因克隆到多种细菌,病毒和分枝杆菌中。已经将这些微生物用在接种疫苗的程序,基因替代治疗和治疗性组合物递送中。
使用微生物体内转化动物(宿主)细胞。可以使用包含不可复制的病毒的基因递送载体(见,例如美国专利号5,824,544),裸DNA,(见例如美国专利号6,261,834),包含重组表达盒的脂质体(见例如美国专利号6,271,207)来完成宿主细胞的转化。其它的基于分子的治疗性组合物递送方法包括使用被设计来表达异源表面蛋白质的不可复制的重组病毒(见,例如美国专利号6,376,236)。
最近,药物研究者还已经尝试使用基于重组生物的载体,无生命的载体和裸DNA,开发用于体内治疗性组合物表达的方法。基于重组生物的载体实例包括重组细菌(见例如美国专利号5,547,664)和病毒诸如甲病毒属(alphavirus)(见例如美国专利号6,391,632),牛痘病毒(vaccinia viruses)(见例如美国专利号6,267,965),腺病毒(adenovirus)(见例如美国专利号5,698,202)和腺病毒相关病毒(AAV)(见例如美国专利号6,171,597)。无生命载体包括脂质基因递送载体构建体诸如DNA/阳离子脂质体复合物,包封在中性或阴离子脂质体中的DNA和脂质体-包埋的,聚阳离子浓缩的DNA(LPDI和LPDII)(见,Ropert,1999,Braz J Med Biol Res,32(2):163-9)。
已经由各种细菌递送的其它基因的实例包括将志贺氏菌(shigella)的侵入基因克隆到正常情况下非侵入的大肠杆菌(E.coli)中,使大肠杆菌具有侵入性并因此更适合于用作疫苗菌株,或将Plasmodium falciparum的疟疾基因克隆到鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)中,其随后表达这些疟疾蛋白质并且在口服施用所述细菌后,在小鼠中针对疟疾激发诱导特异性细胞毒性T细胞免疫性和保护(见,例如Hone 等,1991,Vaccine,9:810-816;Tacket等,1992,Infect.Immun.,60:536-541;Hone等,1992,J. Clin.Invest.,90:412-420;Chatfield等,1992,Vaccine,10:8-11;Tacket等,1992,Vaccine,10:443-446;和Mims等,1993,In:Medical Microbiology,Eds.,Mosby-YearBook Europe Ltd.,London;Sadoff等,1988,Science,240:336-338;Aggrawal等,1990,J.Exp.Med.,172:1083-1090)。
已经将减毒的或毒性更少的志贺氏菌(见,例如Noriega等,1994,Infect.Immun.,62:5168-5172;美国专利申请号20020176848),沙门氏菌(Salmonella)(见例如美国专利号6,531,313;美国专利申请号20030170211),利斯特氏菌(Listeria)(见例如,Schafer等,1992,J.Immunol.,149:53-59;美国专利申请号20030008839),和其它的细菌口服给药以针对随后用这些细菌的更具毒性的形式进行的感染产生免疫性。同样,减毒的细菌和分枝杆菌生物诸如Bacille Calmette-Guerin(BCG)(Lagranderie等,1993,Vaccine,11:1283-1290;Flynn,1994,Cell.Molec.Biol.,40(Suppl.1):31-36)已经进行肠胃外给药以针对相关生物诸如M.tuberculosis给出保护。
已经被用作载体的一些其它细菌种类包括小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia enterocolitica)(van Damme等,1992,Gastroenterol.,103:520-531)和霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholerae)(Levine等,1994,In:Vibrio cholerae,Molecular toGlobal Perspective’s,Wachsmuth等,Eds,ASM Press,Washington,D.C.,395-414页)。
尽管所有的研究,所有的上述细菌递送系统具有技术难度,需要在这些可以体内应用前克服这些困难。实际上,大多数细菌系统需要细菌本身产生功能性分子并且取决于充分减毒从而对于在人中使用是安全但是仍然能够产生生物活性剂的细菌。然而以前使用的所有的减毒细菌菌株不能够在不导致副作用的前提下,在体内存活过长的时期。更重要的是,许多这些细菌物种不能将治疗性或预防性药剂递送到动物的黏膜上皮细胞。然而,许多最重要的治疗性药剂通过黏膜进行吸收;因此,存在对于能够直接将生物活性剂递送到黏膜的细菌递送系统的需要。
授权给Powell等的美国专利号5,877,159,描述了可以在不建立产毒性感染或导致疾病的情况下侵入黏膜细胞的活细菌由此引入能够由动物细胞表达的编码抗原的真核表达盒。尽管该方法容许将DNA疫苗递送到黏膜表面,包括易于给药,涉及在发展中国家中的疫苗递送,其不具有提供可扩增的编码目标基因的mRNA的优势。此外,在Powell等中公开的细菌不能持续递送。
在过去,将非致病性的,非建群性的(non-colonising),非侵入性的食品等级的细菌乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)用于将药剂递送到黏膜(见例如英国专利GB-2278358B)。然而,尽管乳酸乳球菌是非侵入性的,其不能建立能直接将治疗性药剂持续递送到黏膜上皮细胞的慢性感染。
因此,存在对于这样的递送系统的持续需要,其能够在紧邻动物的黏膜上皮细胞处建立非侵入性的慢性感染,从而可以将生物活性剂递送到其中。而且,存在对于足以激发有效和有益免疫应答的在黏膜表面上的药理学活性分子的改进递送机制的持续需要。这将提供用于药物活性剂的有效的体内递送系统,以及用于免疫的有效方法,即足以激发一般体液和黏膜免疫应答的在黏膜表面上的抗原暴露。
发明概述
本发明涉及克服上述难题并且以许多实施和应用进行例示,其中一些在下面进行归纳。
本发明人已经令人惊奇地发现能够形成慢性感染的螺杆菌,特别是幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori),可以用于产生持续的药物递送。而且,可以在不同的时间激活或灭活本发明的螺杆菌,并且因为其长期性,可以将螺杆菌用于通过胃黏膜递送药物。
幽门螺杆菌是一种几乎仅在人的胃黏膜中发现的革兰氏阴性的螺旋形状的细菌。人胃中的酸性是对于几乎所有细菌建群的有效屏障,但是对于螺杆菌属物种是个例外。
幽门螺杆菌具有在人的胃黏膜中建群(colonize)并持续数十年的独特能力,尽管会形成黏膜炎症和免疫应答。这种特征使得幽门螺杆菌成为用于通过黏膜递送选定的药剂的令人感兴趣的候选物。
按照一些方面,提供组合物,方法和系统用于制备和使用包含螺杆菌序列的基于螺杆菌的构建体,所述螺杆菌的序列具有启动子区域和编码非螺杆菌的药理学活性分子的非螺杆菌序列。将在一些实施方案中的这种构建体描述为载体或质粒载体,其中所述启动子序列能够控制非螺杆菌的目标药理学活性分子的表达。
因此,在第一个方面中,本发明提供将一种或多种生物活性剂递送给受试者的方法,所述方法包括给受试者施用有效量的,优选地治疗或预防有效量的螺杆菌细胞或具有螺杆菌特征的细菌细胞的步骤,所述细胞表达所述一种或多种生物活性剂。
在第二个方面,本发明提供表达一种或多种异源生物活性剂的非侵入性或非致病性的螺杆菌细胞。
优选地,所述螺杆菌是幽门螺杆菌物种。
生物活性剂可以与螺杆菌属同源或与该属细胞或用于递送的螺杆菌细胞物种异源。异源药剂可以来自真核或原核来源。
在一些方面,基于螺杆菌的载体和载体质粒构建体包括生物活性剂诸如抗原,有机或无机分子或物质,药剂例如治疗性药剂或预防性药剂,诸如基因产物或基因序列(分离的核酸)。作为实例,这些药剂可以包括免疫调节剂,激素,配体,酶或反义RNA,催化RNA,蛋白质,肽或可以存在于细菌细胞上或由其释放从而可以将其递送给动物或动物细胞的任何其它分子。
在一些实施方案中,生物活性剂由核酸分子编码,所述核酸分子优选地以分离形式获得并随后将其插入本发明的细菌递送载体中。本领域技术人员可理解的是,本发明的分离的核酸分子可以是cDNA,基因组DNA,RNA,或其杂交分子。优选地,所述核酸是cDNA。
作为实例,目标蛋白质和/或肽可以包括生长素释放肽(ghrelin),支链淀粉,胰岛素,促胃动素(motilin),β-葡糖苷酶,化学蛋白伴侣(chemicalchaperone),或用在戈谢病(Gauchers disease)、细胞萎缩(cell wasting)、人免疫缺陷疾病(AIDS)的治疗中的其它分子,食欲抑制剂,在糖尿病治疗中有用的制剂等。
优选地将分离的核酸结合到表达载体中,可以将所述载体转化到螺杆菌属细胞中并在其中维持。
因此,在第三个方面,本发明提供直接将生物活性剂递送到需要其的解剖位点的重组载体。本发明的螺杆菌属细胞优选地适应于在其表面上分泌和/或表达所述生物活性剂。
在第四个方面,本发明提供用于体内递送有效量的生物活性剂的载体或构建体,其包括:
a)编码生物活性剂的核苷酸序列;
b)可操纵地与其连接的控制或调节序列,所述控制或调节序列能够控制(a)的核苷酸序列的表达从而当将包含所述载体的递送载体递送到受试者时,使生物活性剂在体内产生。
所述载体可以通过化学或酶促处理的方式进行化学修饰,或通过重组DNA技术的方式进行体内修饰从而产生修饰的或变体载体。
按照本发明,这样的构建体可以不同于公开的那些,例如通过一种或多种核苷酸置换,缺失或插入的方式产生但基本上(substantially)保留了构建体或核酸分子,或其编码产物的所需要的生物活性的那些。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,提供具有报告基因的螺杆菌属载体或构建体,所述报告基因通过被克隆到表达载体中的组成型启动子进行表达并被用作筛选工具。适合于用于本文的报告基因的非限制性实例包括绿色荧光蛋白(GFP),β-半乳糖苷酶,淀粉酶和氯霉素乙酰转移酶(CAT)。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,使用螺杆菌属细胞来将目标异源基因递送给需要其的受试者。所述目标基因可以编码治疗产物(转基因产物),包括但不限于肽激素(诸如但不限于α-促黑激素(α-melanocyte-stimulatinghormone)(α-MSH),胰岛素,生长激素和甲状旁腺激素),细胞因子,包括,但不限于干扰素,白介素(IL)-2,IL-4,IL-10,IL-12,粒细胞集落形成刺激因子(G-CSF),粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落形成刺激因子(GM-CSF)和促红细胞生成素(EPO)。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供用于治疗、减轻或预防受试者中疾病的方法。通过使用治疗性或预防性组合物来促进这些方法。因此,在第五个方面,本发明提供一种药物组合物,其包括(a)表达和/或分泌生物活性剂的活的非致病性螺杆菌细胞以及(b)治疗有效的载体。
在第六个方面,本发明提供治疗,预防或减轻疾病的方法,其包括向需要其的受试者施用有效量的表达所述生物活性剂的本发明的螺杆菌细胞。
其中可以应用本发明的受试者的非限制性的实例包括哺乳动物诸如灵长类的动物,马,牛,猪,绵羊和啮齿动物。还意欲包括鱼和鸟。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,进行治疗、预防或减轻的疾病是癌症,免疫/造血系统的疾病或病症,生殖系统的疾病或病症,肌与骨骼系统的疾病或病症,心血管系统的疾病或病症,被描述为混合胎(mixed fetal)的疾病或病症,排泄系统的疾病或病症,神经/感觉系统的疾病或病症,内分泌系统的疾病或病症,呼吸系统的疾病或病症,消化系统的疾病或病症和与结缔/上皮组织相关的疾病或病症或由细菌、病毒或寄生虫感染导致的疾病或病症。
本发明提供多种药用制剂,其被配制从而诸如通过胃肠道,口服或鼻内递送给患者。在具体的实施方案中,所述组合物适合于在黏膜表面进行递送。在具体的实施方案中,所述组合物适合于递送到消化道(gut)的黏膜表面。
作为实例,黏膜可以是胃、阴道、鼻、口腔或眼睛表面的黏膜或可以是身体任何其它部分的黏膜,所述身体的任何其它部分的特征在于存在可渗透的黏膜表面或内层。在一些实施方案中,所述黏膜表面是胃黏膜表面。
考虑到具体的螺杆菌属的菌,螺杆菌构建体和本文所述的其它递送载体的具体类型和比率,以及配方领域中技术人员已知的那些配制技术,诸如在被具体结合在本文中作为参考的Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,20th edition,Mack Publishing Company中所述的那些,容易地配制各种递送形式的组合物以用在本发明的实践中。
预期所述递送系统可以用在动物,特别是灵长类的动物中,包括人、马、牛、绵羊和啮齿动物、鱼和鸟。还预期所述制剂可以用在婴儿和成人上,以及通过亲本,肠胃外使用,或用于施用于怀孕或哺乳期动物。还可以将所述制剂和方法描述为适合于雄性和雌性动物。
在另一个方面,提供给动物接种疫苗的方法。在一些实施方案中,所述方法包括施用包含疫苗的组合物,所述疫苗包含用基于螺杆菌-的质粒载体和/或本文所述的质粒载体转化的细胞。在其它的实施方案中,所述方法提供足以消除或抑制动物中的疾病或生理状况,或足以激发特异于药理学活性目标分子的免疫应答的有效量的药理学活性目标分子的递送。
作为实例,用在所述疫苗中的非螺杆菌药理学活性目标分子可以包括哺乳动物的蛋白质,肽,酶,激素或这些的任意的组合。在具体的实施方案中,还将药理学活性目标分子定义为人药理学活性目标分子。在一些实施方案中,药理学活性目标分子是人病原体分子/抗原,人蛋白质抗原诸如支链淀粉或其类似物或衍生物,或生长素释放肽,或其类似物或衍生物。
在具体的实施方案中,疫苗传递针对人病原体,欧鲍拉病毒(Ebolavirus),HIV病毒,马堡病毒(Marburg virus),流感病毒(influenza virus)等的免疫性。Jones等(2005,Nat.Med.11:786-90)描述了基于减毒的重组疱疹性口腔炎病毒(vesicular stomatitis virus)载体的可复制的疫苗,其包括欧鲍拉病毒糖蛋白和马堡病毒糖蛋白。因此,预期还可以按照本发明以及本文提供的公开内容提供使用基于螺杆菌的载体系统和具有这些以及其它与人病原体相关的糖蛋白的质粒载体系统的构建体。
附图简述
图1是质粒构建体pHPA1(2.8kb)的示意图。
图2是质粒构建体pHP3(3.4kb)的示意图。
图3是质粒载体pTMI03-8的示意图。
图4显示柳氮磺胺吡啶(SSN)的结构。
图5是显示使用与染料(Azure-A)缀合的离子交换树脂(AmberliteXE-96)的示意图。
序列简述
在本发明的整个描述中提及下列核酸和氨基酸序列:
SEQ ID NO:1-质粒pHP1的核苷酸序列(2796核苷酸);
SEQ ID NO:2-pHP1的核苷酸序列(2796核苷酸);
SEQ ID NO:3-质粒pHP3的核苷酸序列(3444核苷酸);
SEQ ID NO:4-丙型肝炎病毒是抗原(HCV)核苷酸序列;
SEQ ID NO:5-来自丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)核心抗原的免疫原性编码序列的核苷酸序列135 bp(45个氨基酸);
SEQ ID NO:6-幽门螺杆菌的HopE基因的外露表面环的核苷酸序列(在核苷酸504,氨基酸位点168)
SEQ ID NO:7-上游引物(29核苷酸);
SEQ ID NO:8-下游引物(28核苷酸);
SEQ ID NO:9-寡核苷酸引物(15核苷酸)。
术语的定义
在提出本发明之前,提出将在下文使用的某些术语的定义可以有助于对其的理解。
本文定义的“抗生素抗性基因”包括特意提供给载体并被用作选择系统的异源核酸序列。术语“抗生素抗性基因”不包括将抗生素抗性赋予天然存在的微生物区系生物的其它机制或基因。
将本文所用的例如用于描述细菌菌株,特别是大肠杆菌或螺杆菌属菌株诸如幽门螺杆菌的术语“减毒的”定义为与天然的,野生型细菌菌株相比较少毒力和/或毒性(侵入性)的菌株。
本文所用的术语“生物活性”指进行生物功能的能力,并且关于多肽指多肽采取与其天然构象相同或非常类似的稳定构象(折叠形式)。当正确或基本正确折叠,例如形成正确折叠的单位α-螺旋,β-折叠,结构域,二硫键等时,多肽应该具有进行其天然功能的能力。多肽中的功能单位一般是结构域。
在激发或不激发免疫应答的情况下,由抗体或其它受体结合的仅有的能力是被动的或不构成“生物活性”。任何抗原都具有被抗体结合的能力但是不一定具有生物活性。
本文所用的“临床级别的载体”指能够在螺杆菌或进行改造而具有螺杆菌特征的非致病性细菌中表达的质粒或其它表达载体。本发明的临床级别的载体不使用用于选择的抗生素抗性标记物和/或已经进行了修饰从而防止在宿主外进行复制,例如诸如自杀载体。
Panthel等2003已经描述了在幽门螺杆菌中的自杀系统的实例(Infection & Immunity,71:109-116)。这种系统将包含PhiX174裂解基因E的质粒引入幽门螺杆菌中。为了消除所述菌株,使用了在42℃温育5小时。在体内,这意味着动物将饮用45-50℃的饮料从而将胃(gastric)环境的温度升高到超过42℃。
第二个实例是L-Dap选择系统,其常用于使细菌突变体在补加平板上存活(见例如Kirata等1997(Infection & Immunity,65:4158-4164)。在该系统中,为了使DapE缺陷型幽门螺杆菌突变体存活,动物受试者必须用失去的底物即二氨基庚二酸(DAP)补充它们的饮食。为了消除它们,接着停止DAP的消耗。
第三种可能的系统涉及幽门螺杆菌的甲硝唑敏感性,因为其具有rdxA基因。rdxA基因的过度复制对于哺乳动物细胞和大肠杆菌是有害的。然而,细菌可以耐受这种复制。因此,可以改造本发明的螺杆菌物种以包含两个拷贝的rdxA,其阻止正常的突变-依赖型的rdxA失去。将至少两个功能性rdxA基因引入螺杆菌基因组应导致对甲硝唑永久敏感的螺杆菌菌株。Jeong等2000(J.Bacteriol.,182:5082-5090)显示通过功能性rdxA基因产生的硝基还原酶将甲硝唑从前药转化为杀菌化合物。活性化合物的作用方式导致螺杆菌基因组的DNA断裂。
用于本文时,“可检测的免疫应答”是在动物中响应于可以通过使用常规的实验室方法进行测量的抗原形成的抗体(体液)或细胞毒性(细胞的)反应,所述方法包括,但不限于酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA),放射免疫测定法(RIA),酶联免疫SPOT(ELISPOT),免疫荧光测定法(IFA),补体激活测定法(CF),Western Blot印迹法(WB)或其等价物。
用于本文时,“目标基因”指编码需要其表达的多肽或蛋白质的任何核酸序列。目标基因可以包括或可以不包括启动子或其它调节成分。目标基因还包括能够产生反义RNA的构建体。
用于本文时,将“基因治疗”定义为使用重组载体将目标基因递送给需要其的动物。目标基因可以是编码治疗性或预防性的蛋白质或多肽,包括,但不限于细胞因子,抗炎药(anti-inflammatories),抗增殖药,抗生素,代谢抑制剂/激活剂和免疫活性抗原及其片段的转基因。此外,用于本文时,“基因治疗”还包括定向在遗传和非遗传疾病上的基因替代技术。
术语螺杆菌(Helicobacter)包括螺杆菌属的所有细菌,包括幽门螺杆菌和鼬鼠螺杆菌(H.mustelae)。所述术语还包括与幽门螺杆菌具有类似生物学的细菌,所述生物学在于它们能够建群在灵长类动物的胃黏膜上和/或能够建立慢性,但是分离的黏膜感染。所述术语还包括已经进行了修饰从而使所述细菌具有幽门螺杆菌的特征诸如建群(reside)在胃黏膜上的能力的细菌。
“异源”多肽是对于螺杆菌而言非天然的多肽,即所述生物活性剂的编码核酸天然地或在引入螺杆菌之前不由螺杆菌所表达,或者是其祖先。
用于本文时,“宿主”定义本发明的治疗性组合物的倾向受体。宿主包括所有的动物。具体而言,宿主包括,但不限于,灵长类动物 (包括人),牛,马,犬,猫,猪,绵羊,兔,啮齿动物,鸟和鱼。
用于本文时,“免疫惰性的(inert)”意味着任何物质,包括微生物诸如在其宿主中不激发显著免疫应答的微生物区系。用于本文时,免疫惰性物质的实例包括不锈钢,生物相容性聚合物诸如聚-L-丙交酯,医疗级别的塑料和本发明的微生物区系生物。“显著的免疫”应答是将限制或局限按照本发明的教导使用的物质或生物的体内效用的任何免疫应答。可检测的免疫应答不一定是“显著的免疫应答”。
“分离的核酸”是这样的核酸,其结构与任何天然存在的核酸的结构或与跨越超过三个单独的基因的天然存在的基因组核酸的任何片段的结构不相同。因此所述术语包括,例如(a)DNA分子,其具有天然存在的基因组DNA分子的部分的序列,但是在其两侧没有侧接这样的编码序列,所述编码序列侧接其中其天然存在的生物的基因组中所述分子的部分;(b)以这样的方式结合到载体或原核生物或真核生物的基因组DNA中的核酸从而使得到的分子与任何天然存在的载体或基因组DNA都不相同;(c)分离的分子诸如cDNA,基因组片段,通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)产生的片段,或限制片段;和(d)作为杂交基因,即编码融合蛋白的基因的部分的重组核苷酸序列。特别由此定义中排除出去的是存在于(i)DNA分子,(ii)转染的细胞,和(iii)细胞克隆的混合物中的核酸,例如存在于诸如cDNA或基因组DNA文库中的核酸。
利用Karlin和Altschul,1990,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,87:2264-2268,1990的算法来测定两条氨基酸序列或两条核酸的“百分比同一性(同源性)”,所述算法Karlin和Altschul(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 90:5873-5877,1993)中得以改进。将这种算法整合入Altschul等(J.Mol.Biol.215:403-410,1990)的NBLAST和XBLAST程序中。用NBLAST程序进行BLAST核苷酸检索,分值(score)=100,词长(wordlength)=12,以获得与本发明的核酸分子同源的核苷酸序列。用XBLAST程序进行BLAST蛋白质检索,分值=50,词长=3,以获得与参照多肽(例如,SEQ ID NO:2)同源的氨基酸序列。用了获得带缺口(gapped)的比对来进行比较,利用在Altschul等(Nucleic AcidsRes.25:3389-3402,1997)中介绍的Gapped BLAST。当利用BLAST和Gapped BLAST程序时,使用各程序(例如,XBLAST和NBLAST)的默认参数。这些可以在国际互联网URL“ncbi.nim.nih.gov.”上找到。
术语“报告基因”用于本文时是并入(或邻接)编码目标基因的异源核酸中的核酸序列,其为表达目标基因的转化载体提供可识别的表型。报告基因的非限制性例子包括GFP,β-半乳糖苷酶,淀粉酶,和CAT。
“筛选标记”用于本文时指对根据本发明的教导制备的转化载体提供的鉴定特征(表型)。在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述筛选标记是报告基因。
“可选择标记,”“可选择基因,”“报告基因”和“报告标记”(本文称作“可选择标记”)用于本文时指编码表型性状的核酸序列,所述表型性状允许快速鉴定和分离转化的细菌载体。一般,认为是“临床级别”和根据本发明的教导制备的细菌载体是具有并不编码抗生素抗性的可选择标记的载体。
“转基因”用于本文时指利用cDNA技术插入细胞中的基因,所述插入是以确保其作为正常基因的功能,复制和传递的方式而进行的。
“转化性核酸序列(transforming nucleic acid sequence)”用于本文时意指包含编码目标基因的核酸序列的质粒,或其它的表达盒。在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述核酸序列可以编码一种或多种治疗剂。根据本发明的某些实施方案,“转化性核酸序列”还可以用来意指“转基因”。在本发明的其它实施方案中,转化性核酸序列包括编码启动子和/或其它调控元件的核酸序列。
术语“癌症”用于本文时指瘤性(neoplastic)疾病(例如,白血病,癌和“过度增生性病症(hyperproliferative disorders)”)。 肿瘤可以位于选自下列的组织中:结肠,腹部,骨,乳房,消化系统,肝,胰,前列腺,腹膜,肺,血液(例如,白血病),内分泌腺(肾,副甲状腺,垂体,睾丸,卵巢,胸腺,甲状腺),子宫,眼,头和颈,神经(中枢和外周),淋巴系统,骨盆,皮肤,软组织,脾,胸(thoracic),和泌尿生殖器。
在一个实施方案中术语“癌症”还包括肿瘤前的病症,其选自增生(例如,子宫内膜增生),组织变形(例如,结缔组织变形)和/或发育不良(例如,子宫颈发育不良,和支气管肺发育不良)。
在其它的实施方案中,术语“癌症”还包括选自:良性肿瘤,纤维囊性病症和组织肥大的良性增生异常型症症。
术语“免疫/造血系统的疾病或病症”用于本文时指选自下列的疾病或病症:贫血症、全血细胞减少症、白血球减少症、血小板减少症、白血病、霍金斯(Hodgkin’s)病、非霍金斯淋巴瘤、急性淋巴细胞贫血症(ALL)、浆细胞瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、伯基特氏(Burkitt’s)淋巴瘤、关节炎、哮喘、爱滋病(AIDS)、自体免疫疾病、风湿性关节炎、肉芽肿疾病、免疫缺陷、炎症性肠病、脓毒病、中性白细胞减少症、中性白细胞增多症、银屑病(psoriasis)、对于移植器官和组织的免疫反应、系统性红斑狼疮、血友病、高凝性(hypercoagulation)、糖尿病、心内膜炎、脑膜炎、莱姆病、乳糜泻和变应性(allergies)。
术语“生殖系统的疾病或病症”用于本文时指选自下列的疾病或病症:隐睾病、前列腺炎、腹股沟疝、精索静脉曲张、间质细胞瘤(leydig cell tumor)、疣状癌、前列腺炎、软化斑、佩罗尼氏病(peyronie’s disease)、阴茎癌、扁平细胞增生、痛经、卵巢腺癌、特纳(Turner’s)综合征、粘液脓性宫颈炎、Sertoli-leydig瘤、卵巢癌、子宫癌、骨盆炎症性疾病、睾丸癌(testicular cancer)、前列腺癌、格来弗德氏(Klinefelter’s)综合征、Young′s综合症、早泄、糖尿病、囊性纤维化、Kartagener′s综合症、睾丸萎缩、睾丸雌化、无睾、睾丸异位、附睾炎、睾丸炎、淋病、梅毒、睾丸扭转(testicular torsion)、vasitisnodosa、生殖细胞瘤、基质瘤、痛经、子宫后倾(retroverted uterus)、子宫内膜异位、纤维瘤、子宫内膜异位、无排卵出血、闭经、垂体嗜碱细胞增殖、葡萄胎、阿谢曼氏(Asherman’s)综合征、早熟绝经、青春期早熟、子宫息肉、功能性月经失调(dysfunctional uterine bleeding)、宫颈炎、慢性子宫颈炎、粘液浓性宫颈炎、子宫颈非典型增生、宫颈息肉、Nabothian cysts、子宫颈糜烂、宫颈功能不全、颈赘生物、假两性畸形,和经前期综合征。
术语“肌肉骨骼系统的疾病或病症”用于本文时指选自下列的疾病或病症:骨癌(例如,软骨骨瘤、良性软骨瘤、成软骨细胞瘤、软骨粘液样纤维瘤、骨样骨瘤、巨细胞瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、骨肉瘤),畸形性骨炎(Paget’sDisease)、风湿性关节炎、全身性红斑狼疮、骨髓炎、莱姆病、痛风、粘液囊炎、肌腱炎、骨质疏松症、骨关节炎、肌肉萎缩(muscular dystrophy)、线粒体肌病、恶病质,和多发性硬化。
术语“心血管系统的疾病或病症”用于本文时指选自下列的疾病或病症:粘液瘤、纤维瘤、横纹肌瘤、心血管异常(例如,先天性心脏病、大脑动静脉畸形、中隔缺损),心脏病(例如,心力衰竭、充血性心脏病、心律不齐、心动过速、纤维性颤动、心包疾病、心内膜炎),心动停止、心瓣膜疾病(例如,狭窄、回流、脱垂),血管病(例如,高血压、冠状动脉病、心绞痛、动脉瘤、动脉硬化、外周血管疾病),低血钠、hypematremia、低血钾,和高血钾症。
术语 “混合胎儿的疾病或病症”用于本文时指选自下列的疾病或病症:脊柱裂、积水性无脑畸形、神经纤维瘤、胎儿乙醇综合征、糖尿病、PKU、唐氏(Down’s)综合症、Patau综合征、爱德华(Edwards)综合症、特纳综合征、阿佩尔(Apere)综合征、卡彭特(Carpenter)综合征、Conradi综合征,Crouzon综合征,皮肤松弛症,Cornelia de Lange综合征,Ellis-van Creveld综合征,Holt-Oram综合征,Kartagener综合征,Meckel-Gruber综合征,Noonan综合征,Pallister-Hall综合征,Rubinstein-Taybi综合征,Scimitar综合征,Smith-Lemli-Opitz综合征,thromocytopenia-absent radius(TAR)综合征,Freacher Collins综合征,Williams综合征,Hirschsprung病,麦克尔憩室,多囊肾疾病,特纳综合征,和性腺发育不全,Klippel-Feil综合征,ostogenesisimperfecta、肌肉萎缩、台-萨二氏(Tay-Sachs)病、维尔姆斯(Wilm’s)瘤、神经母细胞瘤,和视网膜母细胞瘤。
术语“分泌系统的疾病或病症”用于本文时指选自下列的疾病或病症:膀胱癌、前列腺癌、良性前列腺增生、膀胱病症(例如,尿失禁、尿潴留、尿路梗阻、尿路感染、间质性膀胱炎、前列腺炎、神经原膀胱、血尿症),肾病症(例如,肾积水、蛋白尿、肾衰竭、肾盂肾炎、尿石病、逆流肾病,和单侧梗阻性尿路病)。
术语“神经/感觉系统的疾病或病症”用于本文时指选自下列的疾病或病症:脑癌(例如,脑干神经胶质瘤、脑瘤、中枢神经系统(原发性)淋巴瘤、中枢神经系统淋巴瘤、小脑星形细胞瘤,和大脑星形细胞瘤、神经变性疾病(例如,阿尔茨海默氏病、克-雅病(Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease)、Parkinson’sDisease,和Idiopathic Presenile Dementia),脑脊髓炎、脑型疟、脑膜炎、新陈代谢型脑病(例如,苯酮尿和丙酮酸羧化酶缺陷),小脑共济失调、共济失调性毛细血管扩张,和爱滋病痴呆混合症、精神分裂症、注意力缺损病、亢进性注意力缺损病(hyperactive attention deficit disorder)、孤独症,和强制性障碍(obsessive compulsive disorders)。
术语“呼吸系统的疾病或病症”用于本文时指选自下列的疾病或病症:呼吸系统癌症如喉癌、咽癌、气管癌、会厌癌、肺癌,鳞状细胞癌、小细胞(燕麦形细胞)癌,大细胞癌,和腺癌。过敏反应、囊性纤维化、结节病、组织细胞增多病X、浸润型肺病(例如,肺纤维化和淋巴细胞性间质性肺炎),阻塞性气道病(例如,哮喘、肺气肿、慢性或急性支气管炎),职业性肺病(例如,硅肺和石棉肺),肺炎和胸膜炎。
术语“内分泌系统的疾病或病症”用于本文时指选自下列的疾病或病症:内分泌组织和器官的癌症(例如,下丘脑、脑下垂体、甲状腺、甲状旁腺、胰腺、肾上腺、卵巢,和睾丸的癌症),糖尿病(例如,尿崩症、I型和II型糖尿病),肥胖症,涉及垂体腺的病症(例如,垂体机能亢进、垂体机能减退,和垂体性矮小症(pituitary dwarfism)),甲状腺机能减退、甲状腺机能亢进、甲状腺肿、生殖疾病(例如,男性和女性不育),涉及肾上腺的病症(例如,Addison病,皮质类固醇缺陷症,和Cushing′s综合征),肾癌(例如,hypemephroma,移行细胞癌,和威尔姆斯瘤),糖尿病型肾病、间质性肾炎、多囊肾疾病、肾小球肾炎(例如,IgM肾小球系膜增生性肾小球肾炎和由自身免疫病症引发的肾小球肾炎(glomerulonephritis);如Goodpasture′s综合征),和肾钙沉着症。
术语“消化系统的疾病或病症”用于本文时指选自下列的疾病或病症:溃疡性结肠炎、阑尾炎、克罗恩氏病(Crohn’s)、肝炎、肝性脑病、门静脉高压症、胆石病、消化系统癌症(例如,胆道癌、胃癌、结肠癌、胃癌、胰癌、胆管癌、结肠肿瘤(例如,息肉或癌症),和硬化症),胰腺炎、溃疡疾病、幽门狭窄、肠胃炎、胃炎、胃萎缩、良性十二指肠瘤、膨胀、过敏性肠综合征、吸收障碍、先天性小肠病、细菌和寄生虫传染、赫希施普龙氏病(megacolon)、赫希施普龙氏病、Hirschprung’sdisease、aganglionic megacolon、获得性赫希施普龙氏病、结肠炎、肛门直肠病症(例如,肛瘘、痔),先天性肝病(例如,威尔逊病、血色素沉着病、囊性纤维化、胆道闭锁,和阿尔法1-抗胰蛋白酶缺陷症),门静脉高压症、胆石病,和黄疸。
术语“结缔/上皮的疾病或病症”用于本文时指选自下列的疾病或病症:结缔组织变形、混合结缔组织病、局灶性上皮增生、上皮化生、粘膜上皮发育异常、移植物对抗宿主的疾病、多肌炎、囊性增生、大脑发育异常、组织肥大(hypertrophy)、阿尔茨海默氏病、淋巴组织增生病症、Waldenstron′s巨球蛋白血症、克罗恩氏病、恶性贫血、突发性阿狄森氏病(idiopathicAddison’s disease)、肾小球肾炎、大疱性类天疱疮、Sjogren′s综合征、糖尿病、囊性纤维化、骨母细胞瘤、破骨细胞瘤、骨肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、骨质疏松症、osteocarthritis、牙周病、伤口愈合、复发性多软骨炎、脉管炎、多发性结节性动脉炎、Wegener肉芽肿病、蜂窝织炎、风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣关节炎、盘状红斑狼疮、全身性红斑狼疮、硬皮病、CREST综合征、Sjogren′s综合征、多肌炎、皮肤肌炎、混合结缔组织病、复发性多软骨炎、脉管炎、Henoch-Schonlein综合征、结节性红斑、多发性结节性动脉炎、暂时性(巨细胞)动脉炎、Takayasu动脉炎、Wegener肉芽肿病、Reiter′s综合征、Behcet′s综合征、关节强硬性脊椎炎(ankylosing spondylitis)、蜂窝织炎、瘢痕瘤、EhlerDanlos综合征、Marfan综合征、弹性假黄色瘤、成骨不全、软骨发育不良、大疱性表皮松解、Alport综合征,和皮肤松弛症。
本说明书中的术语“a”和“the”意欲包括一个(单数)和多个(复数)。
本文所述的活性剂或活性剂的组合的“治疗有效量”可以理解为包含这样的有效量,其引起所需的反应但不足以引发毒性反应。所需的反应,例如,可以在血液样品中形成足够和/或可接受的可检测抗体滴定水平。施用给受试者的剂量和持续时间将由需要治疗的受试者的主治医生来确定,并且将考虑年龄、性别、体重、现有患病状态和/或受试者组织损伤程度,将螺杆菌和目标基因产品的特定制剂用作受试者的治疗。
短语“有效水平”指所需分子活性的水平并且不一定限于分子数。例如,可以通过支链淀粉(amylin)拮抗剂降低支链淀粉的有效水平来刺激生长素释放肽分泌,而不必伴随着受试者体内游离支链淀粉量的减少。
短语“生长素释放肽相关的疾病和病症”指任何能够通过调节生长素释放肽活性来预防或减轻的病症。这些包括由生长素释放肽加剧或刺激的病症,例如,生长激素释放或drive to eat。生长素释放肽的生理作用被认为包括,例如,刺激生长激素释放,刺激泌乳细胞和促肾上腺皮质素细胞分泌激素,orexigenic和心血管作用,抗甲状腺和乳腺癌(breast tumor)增生作用,以及通过迷走神经介导调节胃活动性和酸分泌。(见WO 2005021026)。
在整个说明书中,除非上下文另外要求,单词“包含(comprise)”或其变体“包含(comprises)”或“包含(comprising)”将理解为意味着包括指定的事物或事物组合,但不排除任何其它的事物或事物组合。
当术语的定义背离通常所用的术语意义时,申请人意在采用本文提供的定义,除非明确指出。
发明详述
在详细描述本发明之前,要理解的是本发明不受限制于具体举例的方法并且当然可以变化。还要理解是本文所用的术语仅出于描述本发明的具体的实施方案的目的,并且不倾向于限制仅由后附的权利要求所限制的本发明。
本文所引用的所有的出版物,专利和专利申请,不管是在上文还是下文,特此将其全部内容并入作为参考。然而,出于描述和公开在所述出版物中报道并且可以与本发明结合使用的方法,试剂和载体的目的,引用本文提及的出版物。本文的任何内容都不应被视为承认本发明不可以根据在先发明而早于这些公开(本发明可以早于这些公开)。
此外,除非另外指出,本发明的实践应用本领域技术中的常规免疫和分子生物学技术和药理学。这些技术是技术人员所熟知的,并且在文献中进行了充分的解释。见,例如Coligan等“Current protocols in ProteinScience”(1999)Volume I and II(John Wiley & Sons Inc.);Sambrook等,(Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual,2nd & 3rd Editions,Cold SpringHarbor Laboratory press(1989)(2001);和Bailey,J.E.和Ollis,D.F.,Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals,McGraw-Hill Book Company,NY,1986。
必须注意,用于本文和后附的权利要求时,除非文中另外清楚指出,单数形式“一,”“一种,”和“所述”包括复数形式。因此,例如,在提到“核酸”时包括多种这样的核酸,并且提到“分离的肽”时,是指一种或多种肽等。除非另外定义,本文所用的所有的技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常所理解的相同的含义。尽管可以使用与本文所述的那些相似的或等价的任何材料和方法来实践或测试本发明,优选本文所述的材料和方法。
将治疗性组合物和核酸递送到动物体的特异性目标位点是药物开发工业正在面临的挑战。本发明人已经开发能够携带编码生物活性剂的载体的基于螺杆菌的细菌递送系统,其中这些药剂在细菌的表面上表达或从其中分泌。在一个实施方案中,所述细菌是螺杆菌物种,更优选地,是幽门螺杆菌。在一些实施方案中,幽门螺杆菌的菌株可以是本领域已知的任何菌株。在一些实施方案中,所述幽门螺杆菌菌株是非致病性菌株诸如基因组菌株26695。
在另一个实施方案中,使用除了螺杆菌之外的细菌,其中所述细菌已经进行了遗传改造从而使其具有螺杆菌或幽门螺杆菌特征,所述特征包括慢性建群在胃黏膜或胃肠道,泌尿道,支气管的上皮或其它黏膜器官的其它区域,而不会对宿主造成明显的毒性的能力。
在一个实施方案中,已经对幽门螺杆菌进行了操控从而去除和/或减弱一些致病性特征。例如,可以去除空泡细胞毒素和cag致病岛基因从而使所述幽门螺杆菌的致病性降低。在一个实施方案中,已经对幽门螺杆菌进行了操控从而去除和/或减弱一些致病性特征。例如,可以去除空泡细胞毒素和cag致病岛基因从而使所述幽门螺杆菌的致病性降低。可以使用应用N-甲基-N-硝基-N-nitrosoquanidine进行的化学非特异性诱变或应用重组DNA技术的非特异性诱变来将减毒突变引入螺杆菌中。
技术人员将理解本发明的方法能够用于递送广泛的生物活性剂。适合的药剂的实例包括能够在局部或全身发挥功能的药剂,例如能够发挥内分泌活性影响局部或全身代谢的药剂和/或能够调节属于免疫/造血系统的细胞的活性的药剂,和/或能够影响身体的多种正常或赘生性细胞的生存,生长和分化或影响对于伤口和感染的急性期炎症反应的免疫调节或诱导的药剂和/或能够增加或诱导针对由作用在它们的靶细胞受体上的趋化因子,或上皮细胞的增殖或伤口愈合的促进所介导的细胞和组织的感染的抗性的药剂和/或调节体内细胞表达或产生物质的药剂。
这样的生物活性剂的具体实例包括胰岛素,生长激素,促乳素,降钙素,黄体生成素,甲状旁腺激素,生长激素抑制素,甲状腺刺激激素,血管活性肠肽,采取反平行的4α螺旋状束结构的结构组1细胞因子诸如IL-2,IL-3,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-7,IL-9,IL-10,IL-11,IL-12,IL-13,GM-CSF,M-CSF,SCF,IFN-γ,EPO,G-CSF,LIF,OSM,CNTF,GH,PRL或IFNα/β,通常是细胞表面相关的,形成对称同源三聚体并且亚基采取对于某些病毒包被蛋白质所述的β-胶冻卷(jelly roll)构象的结构组2细胞因子诸如细胞因子的肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)家族,例如TNFα,TNFβ,CD40,CD27或FAS配体,细胞因子的IL-1家族,成纤维细胞生长因子家族,血小板衍生生长因子,转化生长因子β和神经生长因子,包含短链α/β分子的结构组3细胞因子,其作为大的跨膜前体分子产生,所述前体分子每个在细胞外区域中包含至少一个表皮生长因子(EGF)结构域,例如细胞因子的EGF家族,特征在于它们在氨基酸序列周围存在保守的半胱氨酸残基(C--C或C--X-C趋化因子亚基)的趋化因子或胰岛素相关趋化因子,显示嵌合结构的结构组4细胞因子诸如由不同结构域,例如EGF,免疫球蛋白样和三环结构域组成的调蛋白(heregulins)或神经调节蛋白。
或者,所述生物活性剂可以是如上定义的生物活性剂的受体或拮抗剂。
在一些实施方案中,使用基于幽门螺杆菌的载体和/或载体质粒构建体来产生转化的细胞(诸如大肠杆菌或螺杆菌细胞),其容许来自被包含在其中的分离的核酸分子的生物活性剂在宿主的黏膜表面上的表达和/或分泌,所述转化的细胞制剂被施用于所述宿主。被包含在转化的细胞(或载体)中的分离的核酸可以包含一种或多种核酸构建体,其中编码所述生物活性剂的核酸在用于在幽门螺杆菌中表达的适当调节序列的控制下。
可以选择或构建包含用于介入幽门螺杆菌的核酸的适合的载体和穿梭载体序列,以包含适当的调节序列,包括启动子序列,终止子片段,增强子序列,标记基因和适合的其它序列。如果合适,载体可以是质粒,病毒,例如噬菌体或噬菌粒。关于进一步的细节,见例如Sambrook等,上文。在Short Protocols in Molecular Biology,Second Edition,Ausubel等eds.,JohnWiley & Sons,1992中详细描述了操控核酸,例如在制备核酸构建体,诱变,测序,将DNA引入细胞和基因表达中的许多已知的技术和方法。将Sambrook等上文和Ausubel等的公开内容结合在本文作为参考。
在一些实施方案中,将生物活性剂的编码序列包含在操纵子中,即进行多顺反子表达的核酸构建体。在操纵子中,自启动子的转录导致包含超过一个的编码序列的mRNA,所述编码序列的每个具有其本身适当定位的核糖体结合位点上游。因此,超过一种药剂可以从单一的mRNA进行翻译。使用操纵子能够使生物活性剂协同表达。
包含本发明的生物活性剂的编码序列的核酸构建体或载体优选地在用于在幽门螺杆菌的表达的启动子的控制下。
在一个实施方案中,按照本发明的所用的启动子在幽门螺杆菌中组成性地表达。组成型启动子的应用避免提供用于表达发生的诱导物或其它调节信号的需要。优选地,启动子在幽门螺杆菌宿主细胞保持有生活力,即保持一些代谢活性,甚至即使生长没有被减少的水平上指导表达。那么有利的是,这样的表达可以在低水平上进行。例如,当表达产物在细胞内积累时,表达水平可以导致表达产物在少于细胞蛋白质的约10%,优选地约或少于约5%例如约1-3%的积累。
启动子可以与所用的幽门螺杆菌菌株同源,即在天然存在的幽门螺杆菌菌株中发现的启动子。在一些实施方案中,所述启动子是阿拉伯糖诱导型启动子。其它的启动子包括FlaB sigma 54启动子(Josenhans等,1998,FEMS Microbiol Lett,161(2):263-73),T7启动子,和沙门氏菌的nir B启动子(Chatfield等,1992,Biotechnology,10(8):888-92)。
在另一个实施方案中,所述启动子是可诱导的。可以与临床级别的载体一起使用的可诱导的启动子包括,但不限于,如在授权给Kullen等的美国专利号6,242,194中所述的pH诱导型启动子,乳糖诱导型启动子诸如在大肠杆菌质粒(例如,来自Stratagene的pBluescriptTM)中所用的启动子,或在乳酸菌(Lactobacillus)中的内源乳糖启动子;在厌氧生长过程中诱导的启动子诸如在Aristarkhov等,1999,J.Bacteriology,Vol.178(14),4327-4332中所述的醇脱氢酶(adhE)的启动子。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的构建体还包括毒性基因。这些毒性基因优选地在可诱导的启动子的控制下,从而在处理结束后,本发明的螺杆菌可以容易地通过诱导毒性基因的表达而进行去除。毒性基因的非限制性实例包括在可诱导启动子控制下的细菌自溶素。接着,所述自溶基因可以在适合的时间和在胃肠道中的适合位置,通过使用刚在前面描述的一种或多种可诱导的启动子进行引发。
在一些实施方案中,被改造的螺杆菌载体和质粒载体构建体对于氧敏感。这种氧敏感性是限制本发明的临床级别的载体的传播的另一种方法。人消化道的环境中氧含量是非常低的,适合于包括螺杆菌的厌氧和微量需氧的微生物的生长。因此,一旦在肠内废物排泄到富氧的外部环境后,它们已经离开人体时,消除螺杆菌递送载体的有效方式是将赋予氧敏感性的基因改造到被转化的微生物中。
本发明的一种或多种核酸构建体可以包括分泌信号序列。因此,在一些实施方案中,编码生物活性剂例如非螺杆菌多肽的核酸可以通过将编码分泌信号序列的核酸序列与编码分子(多肽)的核酸序列进行适当偶联在细胞膜上提供所述药剂的分泌。可以在维持螺杆菌生存力的培养条件下,体外测试具有分泌多肽的核酸的螺杆菌的能力。
适合的分泌信号序列包括具有在革兰氏阴性生物诸如埃希氏菌属(Escherichia)细菌,克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella),和沙门氏菌(Salmonella)中活性的那些中的任何。分泌信号序列可以包括由一些葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus)菌株分泌的葡萄球菌激酶的分泌前导序列,这是在革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性宿主中都发现的功能(见“Gene Expression Using Bacillus”,Rapoport(1990)Curr Opin Biotech 1:21-27)。
可以使用的其它的分泌信号序列包括,例如β-内酰胺酶基因(Talmadge等,1980,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 77:3369-3373)或肠侵染性大肠杆菌溶血素A(hlyA)(Su等,1992,Microbial Pathogen,13:465-476)。在Pugsley,1988,Protein secretion across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria.In:Protein Transfer and organelle Biogenesis,R.C.Dand and P.W.Robbins(eds),Academic Press,Inc.,San Diego,pp 607-652中列举了分泌信号序列的举例性列表。
可选择的标记给研究者和技术人员提供了在混合的群体中,区分转化的微生物和未转化的微生物的方便的方法。鉴定转化的生物的一种方式是将可选择的标记核酸序列结合到包含目标基因的质粒中。通常将可选择的标记序列插入目标基因的下游并且用相同的启动子进行驱动。结果,成功用目标基因转化的细胞还将用可选择的标记核酸序列转化。当将抗生素抗性用作可选择标记时,仅有被转化的细胞将在包含抗生素的培养基上生存和/或生长。
因此,当开发转化体时,抗生素抗性是方便的并且是大量使用的表型。然而,具有抗生素抗性基因作为选择标记的载体会发生水平基因转移,这可以导致其它的生物具有抗生素抗性表型。当将螺杆菌用作治疗性载体的部分时,这种风险是尤其尖锐的。
为了将螺杆菌用作针对动物的基因递送系统,本发明公开内容在一些实施方案中提出了不使用抗生素选择标记的临床级别的载体系统。本发明提供的使用抗生素抗性基因的备选之一包括在必要的“持家”基因中具有染色体缺失或具有致死突变的临床级别的载体。接下来,将在功能上类似的持家基因插入编码目标基因的质粒中。结果,“持家”基因成为容许快速分离和鉴定转化体的可选择的标记。
必要的“持家”基因的实例包括编码许多代谢调节物和/或酶的基因,所述酶包括但不限于激酶,蛋白酶,合成酶,脱氢酶及其它。由本发明提供的对于抗生素抗性基因的另一个备选包括具有报告基因的临床级别的载体,所述报告基因被结合到包含目标基因的质粒中。按照本发明的教导使用的报告基因的其它的非限制性实例包括绿色荧光蛋白(GFP),β-半乳糖苷酶和淀粉酶。
在一个实施方案中,生物活性多肽优选地具有细胞因子活性。细胞因子在“The Cytokine Facts Book”,Callard和Gearing(1994),Academic Press中进行了讨论。具有细胞因子活性的优选的多肽是白介素,包括白介素-2(IL-2)和白介素-6(IL-6)。
在一些实施方案中,将包括如上所述的核酸构建体的螺杆菌递送系统,载体或载体质粒系统引入螺杆菌或其它的适合的宿主细胞中以提供被转化的细胞。因此,本发明的另一个方面提供包括将公开的核酸引入非致病性螺杆菌中的方法。转化宿主细胞,诸如螺杆菌的培养物可以使用任何可获得的技术。对于幽门螺杆菌细胞而言,适合的技术可以包括氯化钙转化,电穿孔和使用噬菌体的转染。
将载体质粒引入螺杆菌细胞后,可以例如通过在表达所述基因的条件下培养幽门螺杆菌来导致或容许所述核酸的表达。在表达生物活性多肽的条件下,在培养物中培养所述螺杆菌可以用于证实所述螺杆菌包含编码核酸并且能够产生被编码的物质。
在另一个方面,本发明提供体内递送治疗性或预防性剂量的生物活性剂的方法,所述方法包括向受试者施用有效量的本发明的幽门螺杆菌组合物和疫苗的非致病性的制剂。
要理解的是,本发明的方法和使用本文所述的非侵入性和非致病性螺杆菌提供广泛种类的治疗性方法,所述方法将使技术人员能够操纵,例如受试者的免疫应答。因此,在一个方面,本发明提供调节存活、生长、分化、效应子功能或对于细胞或组织的感染的易感性的方法,所述方法包括向受试者施用本文定义的非侵入性或非致病性螺杆菌。
在另一个方面,提供加强针对建群在黏膜表面或在临近或远端组织上的肿瘤细胞或感染的免疫应答的方法,所述方法包括向受试者施用本文定义的非侵入性或非致病性螺杆菌。
在另一个方面中,提供调节针对致病性传染物的免疫应答的类型(抗体对细胞介导的)的方法,所述方法包括向受试者施用本文定义的非侵入性或非致病性螺杆菌。
在另一个方面中,提供用炎症或肿瘤细胞调节正常组织的渗透的方法,所述方法包括向受试者施用本文定义的非侵入性或非致病性螺杆菌。
在一些方面中,提供控制肿瘤细胞的生长速率,侵入速率或存活的方法,所述方法包括向受试者施用本文定义的非侵入性或非致病性螺杆菌。
在另一个方面中,提供在肿瘤细胞中诱导调亡的方法,所述方法包括向受试者施用本文定义的非侵入性或非致病性螺杆菌。
其它的方面提供下调免疫应答的方法,所述方法包括向受试者施用表达生物活性剂的非侵入性或非致病性细菌。
在另一个方面中,提供治疗变应性自体免疫的或其它的免疫调节异常的疾病状态的方法,所述方法包括向受试者施用表达生物活性剂的非侵入性或非致病性螺杆菌。
所述受试者可以是任何灵长类动物,马,牛,猪,绵羊,啮齿动物,鱼或鸟。在一个实施方案中,所述受试者是人。施用可以方便地是通过鼻或口进行。
在治疗的情况中,即当生物活性剂向受试者的递送的生物效果有益于该受试者时,施用优选地以“治疗有效量”进行,这足以向受试者显示益处。这样的益处可以是至少缓和或减少至少一种症状的严重性或发生。在预防的情况中,该量可以例如通过增加免疫应答减少对随后受到致病性刺激的受试者的不利影响。所用实际的量,和施用的速率和时间进程将取决于施用的目的,例如鉴于所述刺激的性质和严重性所寻求的生物效果,并且是通常优化的目标。治疗的处方,包括预防性接种疫苗,例如在剂量等上的决定,在一般的执业者和其它的医生的责任范围内。
包括螺杆菌的组合物可以按照本发明单独施用或组合以其它的治疗同时或顺序地进行施用。
本发明还提供包含公开的螺杆菌的药物组合物。这样的药物组合物在优选地适合应用于黏膜上的一个实施方案中。
按照本发明并且按照本发明应用的药物组合物除了螺杆菌之外,可以包含药用赋形剂,载体,缓冲剂,稳定剂或本领域技术人员熟知的其它物质。这些物质应该是无毒的并且应该不会干扰活性成分的功效。载体或其它物质的精确的性质可以取决于施用的路径。对于口服施用而言,可以应用肠胃外可接受的水溶液,所述水溶液无致热原并且具有适合的pH,等渗性和稳定性。本领域的相关技术人员完全能够制备适合的溶液。如果需要,可以包括防腐剂,稳定剂,缓冲剂,抗氧化剂和/或其它的添加剂。如所讨论的,用于按照本发明施用的包含螺杆菌的药物可以包括一种或多种营养物质,例如能源诸如葡萄糖,氨基酸等。
在另一个方面中,本发明提供制备药物制剂的方法,所述药物制剂包含公开的配制的螺杆菌以及适合于施用给个体的适合的载体介质。在一个实施方案中,所述药物适合应用于个体的黏膜。
在另一个方面,本发明提供表达异源生物活性多肽的非致病性螺杆菌,所述生物活性多肽用于药用,例如用在通过外科手术或疗法,包括预防(“接种疫苗”)治疗人或动物体的方法中。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的方法可以用于治疗,预防或减轻疾病诸如癌症。所述方法和递送系统还可以用于治疗或预防免疫/造血系统的疾病或病症,生殖系统的疾病或病症,肌与骨骼系统的疾病或病症,心血管系统的疾病或病症,被描述为混合胎(mixed fetal)的疾病或病症,排泄系统的疾病或病症,神经/感觉系统的疾病或病症,内分泌系统的疾病或病症,呼吸系统的疾病或病症,消化系统的疾病或病症和与结缔/上皮组织相关的疾病或病症或由细菌、病毒或寄生虫感染导致的疾病或病症。
在另一个实施方案中,本文所述的螺杆菌递送系统能够同时或顺序递送许多不同的核酸分子,所述核酸分子编码能够治疗本文所述的许多病症或疾病的产物。而且,优选的递送系统还将递送能够产生另外的理想生理作用诸如食欲抑制或增加的组合物。
Panthel等2003(Infection & Immunity,71:109-116)已经描述了在幽门螺杆菌中的自杀系统的实例。这种系统将包含PhiX174裂解基因E的质粒引入幽门螺杆菌中。为了消除所述菌株,应用在42℃进行5小时的温育。在体内,这意味着动物将饮用45-50℃的饮料从而将胃环境的温度升高到超过42℃。
第二个实例是L-Dap选择系统,其常用于使细菌突变体在补加平板上存活(见例如Kirata等1997(Infection & Immunity,65:4158-4164)。在该系统中,为了使DapE缺陷型幽门螺杆菌突变体存活,动物受试者必须用失去的底物即二氨基庚二酸(DAP)补充它们的饮食。为了消除突变体,接着停止DAP的消耗。
因为其具有rdxA基因,第三种可能的系统涉及幽门螺杆菌的甲硝唑敏感性。rdxA基因的过度复制对于哺乳动物细胞和大肠杆菌是有害的。然而,复制可以被细菌所耐受。因此,可以改造本发明的螺杆菌物种以包含两个拷贝的rdxA,其阻止正常的突变-依赖型的rdxA失去。将至少两个功能性rdxA基因引入螺杆菌基因组中导致形成对甲硝唑永久敏感的螺杆菌菌株。Jeong等2000(J.Bacteriol.,182:5082-5090)显示通过功能性rdxA基因产生的硝基还原酶将甲硝唑从前药转化为杀菌化合物。活性化合物的作用方式导致螺杆菌基因组的DNA断裂。
现在本发明将仅参考下面的非限制性实施例来进一步进行描述。然而,应该理解的是,下面的实施例是举例说明性的并且决不应该将其视为对本文所述发明的共性的限制。具体而言,尽管本发明详细描述了具体的幽门螺杆菌菌株的应用,显而易见的是本文的发现不受限于该菌株。
实施例1 进行外源蛋白质的稳定表达的载体和转基因幽门螺杆菌生物对幽门螺杆菌的遗传操纵是不常见的。本实施例证实了本发明提供遗传转化的螺杆菌,特别是转化的幽门螺杆菌的应用性。使用质粒和来自螺杆菌的质粒载体制备转化的细菌,以前在非螺杆菌生物诸如大肠杆菌的操作中,已经将这作为了研究的对象。
可以将在文献中所述的一些幽门螺杆菌质粒成功地转化到幽门螺杆菌/大肠杆菌穿梭载体中。已经报道了许多大肠杆菌菌株对于DNA吸收天然是有活性的。还已经将对于链霉素,利福平和甲硝唑的抗性标记成功转化到大多数幽门螺杆菌的菌株中。然而,尽管可以将来自大肠杆菌和其它生物的质粒DNA引入幽门螺杆菌中,但是不能稳定地维持这些质粒。而且,不能将幽门螺杆菌质粒转化到大肠杆菌或螺杆菌物种中。因此,必须构建幽门螺杆菌穿梭载体。
在图1和2中所显示的示意图中举例说明了来自幽门螺杆菌的两个质粒。已经对载体pHPA1(2.8kb)(图1)和pHP3(3.4kb)(图2)进行了测序并且揭示了pHPA1通过θ质粒复制模式进行复制。与滚环复制质粒相反,在复制过程中,θ(theta)质粒不产生单链DNA中间体,并且因此是更稳定的载体候选物,因为它们不易发生不正常的重组。此外,pHPA1的复制起点(ori)包含一系列的涉及复制控制和维持稳定的拷贝数的定向重复序列(称为“重复区”)。载体pHP623共享许多这样的特征。在下面显示了这两个载体的核苷酸序列。
(1)以双链形式显示的质粒pHP1(上面的链是SEQ ID NO:1;下面的链是SEQ ID NO:2)
GTCATGCGCGTTGTTTTTAATTACATTTTAAACAACTTGTTGTTGTTTTTACATGTTTTACTCGC 65
CAGTACGCGCAACAAAAATTAATGTAAAATT
TGTTGAACAACAACAAAAATGTACAAAATGAGCG
ATGCGCGCGCGTGAGGGATTGGGGGTTGCAACCCCCTAAATAACGAAGCTGTAGGGTTTCTCATT 130
TACGCGCGCGCACTCCCTAACCCCCAACGTTGGGGGATTTATTGCTTCGACATCCCAAAGAGTAA
TTTGTGGTGAAAATGAATAAAACAGAACTTCTTGCCAACACTAACAGAACTTCTTGCCAACACTA 195
AAACACCACTTTTACTTATTTTGTCTTGAAGAACGGTTGTGATTGTCTTGAAGAACGGTTGTGAT
ACAGAACTTCTTGCCAACACTAACAGAACTTCTTGCCAACACTAACAGAACTTCTTTATTTTAAA 260
TGTCTTGAAGAACGGTTGTGATTGTCTTGAAGAACGGTTGTGATTGTCTTGAAGAAATAAAATTT
GTTATGATTATTAACAATTTTTAGACATAATAACAGCGTGTGAAGATACTTTTGTAGCGGTATTT 325
CAATACTAATAATTGTTAAAAATCTGTATTATTGTCGCACACTTCTATGAAAACATCGCCATAAA
CCTATGTGCGGCAAAATTTGGAGCAATTAGCTTGACTTGGTTGAGTTAGTGGGTTGGAGGATAGA 390
GGATACACGCCGTTTTAAACCTCGTTAATCGAACTGAACCAACTCAATCACCCAACCTCCTATCT
GAGGGCGACACCTCGTTAGGAGGTATCAATGTGAAAGTATTTGTCGTATTAGTTCTAGTATTAGT 455
CTCCCGCTGTGGAGCAATCCTCCATAGTTACACTTTCATAAACAGCATAATCAAGATCATAATCA
AATTCTCGCACAATTGCTATATTAGGCTTATTCGTGGTCTAACCCCTTGTTTATGGGGGTTGGCT 520
TTAAGAGCGTGTTAACGATATAATCCGAATAAGCACCAGATTGGGGAACAAATACCCCCAACCGA
CGTTATAAGCATACTGATACGATCACACTTATTATACACCAAAAGATAAGGAGTATAGAGTGGAA 585
GCAATATTCGTATGACTATGCTAGTGTGAATAATATGTGGTTTTCTATTCCTCATATCTCACCTT
TTTGATCAATCAGATTTACAAAAAGCGTTGAAAATATTAGATACACTCCCACAAACCCCACAAAT 650
AAACTAGTTAGTCTAAATGTTTTTCGCAACTTTTATAATCTATGTGAGGGTGTTTGGGGTGTTTA
TGAGCTACAAAAACAAGAAATACAAAACCGCATCAACAAAATAACAGAGACAATCATTAAAGAAT 715
ACTCGATGTTTTTGTTCTTTATGTTTTGGCGTAGTTGTTTTATTGTCTCTGTTAGTAATTTCTTA
TACTATCAAAGCATGAAATCAAGAAAGAAGAACTAGAACCCACTCTAACCCCAAAACCCACACCA 780
ATGATAGTTTCGTACTTTAGTTCTTTCTTCTTGATCTTGGGTGAGATTGGGGTTTTGGGTGTGGT
CTCAAAGAGCCACAAACCACCCCAACACCATGCAAAGATTTAGTGGTTAGCACCCCTAAAGATAA 845
GAGTTTCTCGGTGTTTGGTGGGGTTGTGGTACGTTTCTAAATCACCAATCGTGGGGATTTCTATT
AACCTAATATCACCTACCACAATAACGCTAATAAGGTCAATCTAGGGAAATTGAGCGAAAGGGAA 910
TTGGATTATAGTGGATGGTGTTATTGCGATTATTCCAGTTAGATCCCTTTAACTCGCTTTCCCTT
GCCAATCTTTTATTCGCTATTTTTCAAAAACTCAAAGCCCAAGGGAATACCCTCATTCGTTTTGA 975
CGGTTAGAAAATAAGCGATAAAAAGTTTTTGAGTTTCGGGTTCCCTTATGGGAGTAAGCAAAACT
ACCGCAAGATTTGAAACGCATGCTAAACATAGATATTTCTAATGAGCGCTTATCAGAAGTCGTTA 1040
TGGCGTTCTAAACTTTGCGTACGATTTGTATCTATAAAGATTACTCGCGAATAGTCTTCAGCAAT
TTAAGCTGTGGGATAGCATTAAAACCGCTGATTTTTGGAAAATTAGCGAAACCGAAACTTCAATC 1105
AATTCGACACCCTATCGTAATTTTGGCGACTAAAAACCTTTTAATCGCTTTGGCTTTGAAGTTAG
ATTCAAGAAAATTACATGCTTTTTAGTCGGTGTAAAATTGAATTGAACAAACCGAGTAAAGATTT 1170
TAAGTTCTTTTAATGTACGAAAAATCAGCCACATTTTAACTTAACTTGTTTGGCTCATTTCTAAA
GAAGTATTTAGAAATCCAACTCAACGATAACTATCAAGACTTACTCAACAATCTGGGCATGGGTC 1235
CTTCATAAATCTTTAGGTTGAGTTGCTATTGATAGTTCTGAATGAGTTGTTAGACCCGTACCCAG
AATACACTTCTTTCAATCTGTTAGAATTTCAAAGAGTGAGGGGTAAATACGCTAAAACGCTCTAT 1300
TTATGTGAAGAAAGTTAGACAATCTTAAAGTTTCTCACTCCCCATTTATGCGATTTTGCGAGATA
CGCTTGCTCAAGCAATACAAAAGCACAGGGATTTTGAGCGTGGAATGGACTCAATTCAGGGAGCT 1365
GCGAACGAGTTCGTTATGTTTTCGTGTCCCTAAAACTCGCACCTTACCTGAGTTAAGTCCCTCGA
TTTAGACATTCCAAAAGACTACAAAATGGAAAACATCGATCAAAAAGTCTTAACCCCCTCTCTCA 1430
AAATCTGTAAGGTTTTCTGATGTTTTACCTTTTGTAGCTAGTTTTTCAGAATTGGGGGAGAGAGT
AAGAACTCAGAAAAATCTACCCTTTTGAACACTTGAGCTATAAAAAAGAACGCAAAAGCCATTAC 1495
TTCTTGAGTCTTTTTAGATGGGAAAACTTGTGAACTCGATATTTTTTCTTGCGTTTTCGGTAATG
AAGCGCAAAGTAACCCACATTGATTTTTATTTTGAGCAATTTCCTTAAGGCGAAAATAAGAAACA 1560
TTCGCGTTTCATTGGGTGTAACTAAAAATAAAACTCGTTAAAGGAATTCCGCTTTTATTCTTTGT
AAACAAAGCCGACAAGCAACGCGCTCAAAGGGACATCAAGCTTGTAGCATGGGATATTCACAACC 1625
TTTGTTTCGGCTGTTCGTTGCGCGAGTTTCCCTGTAGTTCGAACATCGTACCCTATAAGTGTTGG
AAATCGCTAAAAGAAACGCAAAAGCCACTATGGAAGCTAGGTTTCTTGAATTGAAAACTTTGATC 1690
TTTAGCGATTTTCTTTGCGTTTTCGGTGATACCTTCGATCCAAAGAACTTAACTTTTGAAACTAG
GGCTATCAGTTCAGGAACAATGACAGTAGGAACAAATTAAAGATTGACAACACCACTTTTGAAAG 1755
CCGATAGTCAAGTCCTTGTTACTGTCATCCTTGTTTAATTTCTAACTGTTGTGGTGAAAACTTTC
AATCAAATGTATTTACATGTATCTTAACCCTAAAAATAAGCATAACCCCCAAAAATTCCTTGTAT 1820
TTAGTTTACATAAATGTACATAGAATTGGGATTTTTATTCGTATTGGGGGTTTTTAAGGAACATA
CCAACAAGACATTCGCATTGGAACTACTATATATCAATAGATACAGCCTAAAAAAAAGACAACTT 1885
GGTTGTTCTGTAAGCGTAACCTTGATGATATATAGTTATCTATGTCGGATTTTTTTTCTGTTGAA
GCTAGAAGAATTTAACCCCCCAAAATCCACCCTATCACCAACGAACCTATCAAGGAATTTGCAGA 1950
CGATCTTCTTAAATTGGGGGGTTTTAGGTGGGATAGTGGTTGCTTGGATAGTTCCTTAAACGTCT
ATACATCGGCAAAACGATTAACATCACCAACTTCAATGTGGATCAATGCCATGAGGGAATCAGCA 2015
TATGTAGCCGTTTTGCTAATTGTAGTGGTTGAAGTTACACCTAGTTACGGTACTCCCTTAGTCGT
ACTACCTGACAATCACTAGGATCGTGAACTGGACGTAATCGGATCTGTATTTGGTCCAGATGTGG 2080
TGATGGACTGTTAGTGATCCTAGCACTTGACCTGCATTAGCCTAGACATAAACCAGGTCTACACC
ATAAGCCTGGGACTTCTCAAGCCTTTCATTGCTAAAGTGAGAAAATTTGGGGATTGGTTCAAGAA 2145
TATTCGGACCCTGAAGAGTTCGGAAAGTAACGATTTCACTCTTTTAAACCCCTAACCAAGTTCTT
CACTACAGGTGAAAAGACAGATGCATGCTGACTAAACTCATAGAAAAACTGAATCACGAAAGAAA 2210
GTGATGTCCACTTTTCTGTCTACGTACGACTGATTTGAGTATCTTTTTGACTTAGTGCTTTCTTT
GAATGCAAGCAGAAAACAAACACCTAAAAGAACAAGGACTAGAAAAAATCTACACTCAAAAAGAC 2275
CTTACGTTCGTCTTTTGTTTGTGGATTTTCTTGTTCCTGATCTTTTTTAGATGTGAGTTTTTCTG
TACGAGCAGTTAAAAGAACAGCATTTGAAAGAAATTGAAGCACTCAAAAAAGAAATCCAAAAAAC 2340
ATGCTCGTCAATTTTCTTGTCGTAAACTTTCTTTAACTTCGTGAGTTTTTTCTTTAGGTTTTTTG
CAAGCAAGAAACATACACGCAACCAAAAGAATGTAGCCATTTAGCGCATTCTTTTAGCCCTAATT 2405
GTTCGTTCTTTGTATGTGCGTTGGTTTTCTTACATCGGTAAATCGCGTAAGAAAATCGGGATTAA
CATTCTTTCAATCAAAATCCGACTAATTCATCGGCTAAACGCTAAAAATCGCTTAAAACGAAAAA 2470
GTAAGAAAGTTAGTTTTAGGCTGATTAAGTAGCCGATTTGCGATTTTTAGCGAATTTTGCTTTTT
TACAAAGCAAAAAACTTCATTCCCCTTTTAGTCGTTAACCATTTAGCCAATCTAACTAGTTTAGC 2535
ATGTTTCGTTTTTTGAAGTAAGGGGAAAATCAGCAATTGGTAAATCGGTTAGATTGATCAAATCG
ATCTAAAGGCGAATCTATCTTGTGTTAGACATCCAACCTTACCAAAACCGCAGAGCGAGCTTAAG 2600
TAGATTTCCGCTTAGATAGAACACAATCTGTAGGTTGGAATGGTTTTGGCGTCTCGCTCGAATTC
AGAGATTCAAGCGGTTTTGCACGATTGTTTGCTGCCAAGAAAACCAACAAGCGAAGTAAGGCGCA 2665
TCTCTAAGTTCGCCAAAACGTGCTAACAAACGACGGTTCTTTTGGTTGTTCGCTTCATTCCGCGT
TAGACAAAAGCGCATCGCAGTTTGAAAGCGTAGGCGTCAGAAGTGGTTTGCGTTAGAATCAAACA 2730
ATCTGTTTTCGCGTAGCGTCAAACTTTCGCATCCGCAGTCTTCACCAAACGCAATCTTAGTTTGT
AGATAGCGCAAACCTGGCGTTAGGCTAAAAAACCCCTAAAAACTAAAACCCCAAAATATGTAGTGC 2796
TCTATCGCGTTTGGACCGCAATCCGATTTTTTGGGGATTTTTGATTTTGGGGTTTTATACATCACG
(2)以单链形式显示的质粒pHP3(SEQ ID NO:3):
TCTACACAATTAACAATCTTTAGCTACAATAACAGCGTGTGAAGATGCTTTCACAGCGGT 60
ATTTCCTATGTGCGGCAAAATTTGGAGCAATTAACTTGACTTGGTTGGGTTAGTGGGTTG 120
GAGGATAGAGAGGGCGACACCTCGTTAGGAGGTATCAATGTGAAAGTATTTGTCGTATTA 180
GTTCTAGTATTAGTAATTCTCGCACAATTGCTATATTAGGCTTATTTGTGGTCTAACCCC 240
TTGTTTATGGGGGTTAGATCCTTATAAGCATACTGATACGATCACACTTATTATACACCA 300
AAAGATAAGGAGTATAGAGTGGAATTTGATCAATTAGAATCACAAAGATCAGACTTACAA 360
AAAGTGTTAAAAGAATTAGATACACTCCCAAAAACCCCACAAATTGAGCTACAAAAACAA 420
GAAATACAAAACCGCATCAACAAAATAACAGACACAATCATTAAAGAATTACTATCAAAA 480
CATGAAATCAAAAAAGAAGAACTAGAACCCACTCTAACCCCAAAACCCACACCAACAAAA 540
GAGCCACAAACCACCCCCACACCATGCAAAAATTTAGTGGTTAGCACCCCTAAAGATAAA 600
ACCTATATCACCTACCACAATAACGCTAATAAGGTCAATCTAGGGAAATTGAGCGAAAGG 660
GAAGCCAATCTTTTATTCGCTATTTTTCAAAGGCTTAAAGATCAAGGGAATACCCTCATT 720
CGTTTTGAACCGCAAGATTTAAAACGCATGATCATGGTCAAATCCAACTTAACCAACAGG 780
CAATTATTGCAAGTCTTAAAAAATTTGCTTGACAACATTAGCGGTGCTAATTTTTGGATC 840
AATTAGAGAGCATGTTGAAAATGGCGAAATCTATGAAGATCACACTAGCTACATGCTTTT 900
CAAACAATTTGAAATCCGCATCCATAAGCCAACACAAACTATAGAATACTTAGATGTCCA 960
ACTCAATGATAGCTATCAATACTTGCTCAACAATCTAGGAATGGGCGGTCAATACACTTC 1020
TTTCAATCTCTTAGAATTTCAAAGGGTGAGGGGCAAATAGTGAGAGCGTTAAATTTCCCC 1080
CCCCTATTCCCCTTAAAAAGGACCCTTATCCCAGGGAATTTTTGGCCCCAATACAATTAG 1140
GGCCAAAAACCCGGTCCCTTCCATGGCTTAACCAACCCAATTGGGGGATTCCAATTTCCC 1200
CTGGATGGGAATAACCCAAGGCTTTTTTTGAAAATTCCACCTACCATTTGGTCCAAAATT 1260
GGATGGACAATTCCAAATTCCAAATCTTCTTTTCCAAGAATGGGGGCCAACCCTTGACAA 1320
ACTCCTTAAACCTTTTCATTCGGCTAAAAGGTTGAAAAACATTTGGAAGATTTGGTTTAA 1380
GGAAATATTTATCGGGTGAAAAGACCAGATGCATGGCTAACTTAAACTCCATAGAAAAAC 1440
TGAATCACGAAAGAAAGAATGCTATCAAAAATGGCATTTACCACTTGATCCAAATCAAAT 1500
TTTCTTACAACTCCAATCGCATTGAAGGAAGCGGTTTGACTTATGAACAAACCGCTCATA 1560
TTTTTGACAAATCCGTTCTCATAACTGAAAAAAACACCAATATCAAACTTGATGATATTT 1620
TTGAAACTATCAATCATTTTGAATGCGTGAATTACTTGCTTGAAAGCTATAAAGAACCTT 1680
TGAGTTTAGAATACTTTAAGAATTTACACAAAATCTTGAAAAAGAATTGTTCTGATGAAG 1740
TTATTGGTGATTTTAAAAAACGCCCTAATTTTGTAGGCAATAGCGCCACAACAAGACCCA 1800
AATTAGTTGAAAGCGAATTGACAAATCTTGTGAAAAATTATCAACGCAACCTTGAAGTGA 1860
GTTTGAAAAACAATATCATGCCTTTCATCATAGAAAACGAACACAAAGCCTTTTACTACA 1920
GGGGCATCAAAGAATATGACAACACAAAAGGCTACTTGAAAGACACCATTTTGCAAAGTC 1980
AAGACAATTTCAATGAAATGGTTAGCTATTTCTTTTCTTGAGTGAAACCGCTTATTTTTG 2040
CTTGTGTGCTTTTGTTTTTTGCGTTTTTAGTTGTAGGTGGTAAGAAATATCGGTTTTTTG 2100
CTTTTCGTTGGTTGTAGGCGATTTTAGATAGCAAAAAACAGCTAAAAAATCCAAGCAACC 2160
TAATTGATTTCAAACCAACTTCATTTCCCTTTTAGTCGTTAGCCATTTAGCCAATCTAAC 2220
TAGTTTAGCATCTAAAAGCGCATATAACTTGAGTTAGCAATCCAACCAATACTAAAACCG 2280
CCTAGCGAAGCGTTAGCGAGCAAAATAAGCGGTTTTAGACCGATTGTTTGCTGACAAGCA 2340
AACACCAATAAGCGAGCGTTAGCGAGCATGGACAAAAGCGCATCGCAGTTTGAAAGCGTA 2400
GGCGTTAGCCGAAGCTGTTTTGCGTAAGCAAATCAAACAAGATAGCGCAAGCCGAGGTGC 2460
AGCCCAAGAATTTGAATTAATCCATGCGGTGTTTAGGGCGTTTTAGCGTGATCGCTTTAT 2520
TACATGTTTTAAACAGCATGCTGTTTTTTACATGTTTTACTCGCATGCGCGCGCGCTAGG 2580
TATTGGTGGTTGGAATAGCCTAAATAACGCAGCTGTATGGTTTCTCATTTTTCGGTGACA 2640
ATGAATAAGGGGTAGTTCTTGCGAGTCATAAGTGTAGTTCTTGCGAGTCATAAGTGTAGT 2700
TCTTGCGAGTCATAAGTGTAGTTCTTGCGAGTCATAAGTGTAGTTCTCTTCACAATATCT 2760
ACACAATTCACAATCTCTAGCTACAATAACAGCGTGTGAAGATGCTTTCACAGCGGTATT 2820
TCCTATGTGCGGCAAAATTTGGAGCAATTAGCTTTAAAAGCTAGTGGGTTGGGAGTTTGT 2880
AGCGGGTATGCACTCCGTTAGGAGGCACACCATGAAAGCATTTTTGATAGTAGTGATTTT 2940
AGTGGTAATCTTGACACAGCCACTATATTAAAACCTTAGCGTTTTAATAACCCTTATAAG 3000
TCCGCCAAGACTTCTTAAGGGTTTCACTCCTGTTATTATATCGTCTTTTGAAAAATAAGC 3060
ATTAAAAGGCGCTTAAATGCCCATGAATACGAATTTTGAACAGCTTAGAAAACAAGAATT 3120
GGAATTACGAAAATTATTAGAAGAATTAGAAACGCTCCCACAAACCCCACAAATTAAACT 3180
GCAAAAACAAAAAATACAAACTTACATAGACAAGATAACACCAAGTATTTTGAGCGGTTT 3240
TGATCAAAAATTCAAAGAAATTATAGAAAATCTATCAAATGAATTTGAAAAAGAAAAATC 3300
CACACCACTCAAAGAGCCACAAACCACCCCCACACCATGCAAAGATTTAGTGGTTAGCAC 3360
CCCTAAAGATAACACCTATACCACCTACCACAATAACGCTAATAAGGTCAATCTAGGGAA 3420
ATTGAGCGAAAGGGAAGCCAATCT 3444
在SEQ ID NO:4中提供克隆的另外的核苷酸序列,其包括编码45个氨基酸的肽的135 bp片段(SEQ ID NO:5)。这种更小的45个氨基酸的肽是丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)核心抗原的免疫原性多肽。在下面用指定的具有下划线的135个核苷酸显示编码所述45个氨基酸肽的核酸序列(SEQ ID NO:5)。
CATGAGCACG
AATCCTAAAC CTCAAAGAAA AACCAAACGT AACACCAACC GTCGCCCACA GGACGTCAAG
TTCCCGGGTG GCGGTCAGAT CGTTGGTGGA GTTTACTTGT TGCCGCGCAG GGGCCCTAGA TTGGGTGTGC
GCGCGACGAG GAAGACTTCC GAGCGGTCGC AACCTCGAGG TAGACGTCAG CCTATCCCCA AGGCACGTCG
GCCCGAGGGC AGGACCTGGG CTCAGCCCGG GTACCCTTGG CCCCTCTATG GCAATGAGGG TTGCGGGTGG
GCGGGATGGC TCCTGTCTCC CCGTGGCTCT CGGCCTAGCT GGGGCCCCAC AGACCCCCGG CGTAGGTCGC
GCAATTTGGG TAAGGTCATC GATACCCTTA CGTGCGGCTT CGCCGACCTC ATGGGGTACA TACCGCTCGT
CGGCGCCCCT CTTGGAGGCG CTGCCAGGGC CCTGGCGCAT GGCGTCCGGG TTCTGGAAGA CGGCGTGAAC
TATGCAACAG GGAACCTTCC TGGTTGCTCT TTCTCTATCT TCCTTCTGGC CCTGCTCTCT TGCCTGACTG
TGCCCGCTTC AGCCTACCAA
SEQ ID NO:4
AATCCTAAAC CTCAAAGAAA AACCAAACGT AACACCAACC GTCGCCCACA GGACGTCAAG TTCCCGGGTG
GCGGTCAGAT CGTTGGTGGA GTTTACTTGT TGCCGCGCAG GGGCCCTAGA TTGGGTGTGC GCGCG
SEQ ID NO:5
将SEQ ID NO:4的核酸在SEQ ID NO:4的nt504位置(以粗体/下划线指出,对应于蛋白质产物的氨基酸残基168)克隆到幽门螺杆菌26695的hopE基因(SEQ ID NO:6,在下面显示)中,从而使表达产物作为HopE基因产物的外露表面环的部分定位。这种构建体,被称为载体pTMI03-8(图6),在大肠杆菌的表面上进行表达。
ATGCCATAGC ATTTTTATCC ATAAGATTAG CGGATCCTAC CTGACGCTTT
TTATCGCAAC TCTCTACTGT TTCTCCATAC CCGTTTTTTG GGCTAACAGG
AGGAATTAAC C
1 ATGGAATTTA TGAAAAAGTT TGTAGCTTTA GGGCTTCTAT CCGCAGTTTT
51 AAGCTCTTCG TTGTTAGCCG AAGGTGATGG TGTTTATATA GGGACTAATT
101 ATCAGCTTGG ACAAGCCCGT TTGAATAGTA ATATTTATAA TACAGGGGAT
151 TGCACAGGGA GTGTTGTAGG TTGCCCCCCA GGTCTTACCG CTAATAAGCA
201 TAATCCAGGA GGCACCAATA TCAATTGGCA TGCTAAATAC GCTAATGGGG
251 CTTTGAATGG TCTTGGGTTG AATGTGGGTT ATAAGAAGTT CTTCCAGTTC
301 AAGTCTTTTG ATATGACAAG CAAGTGGTTT GGTTTTAGAG TGTATGGGCT
351 TTTTGATTAT GGGCATGCCA CTTTAGGCAA GCAAGTTTAT GCACCTAATA
401 AAATCCAGTT GGATATGGTC TCTTGGGGTG TGGGGAGCGA TTTGTTAGCT
451 GATATTATTG ATAACGATAA CGCTTCTTTT GGTATTTTTG GTGGGGTCGC
501 TATCGGCGGT AACACTTGGA AAAGCTCAGC GGCAAACTAT TGGAAAGAGC
551 AAATCATTGA AGCTAAGGGT CCTGATGTTT GTACCCCTAC TTATTGTAAC
601 CCTAACGCTC CTTATAGCAC CAAAACTTCA ACCGTCGCTT TTCAGGTATG
651 GTTGAATTTT GGGGTGAGAG CCAATATTTA CAAGCATAAT GGCGTAGAGT
701 TTGGCGTGAG AGTGCCGCTA CTCATCAACA AGTTTTTGAG TGCGGGTCCT
751 AACGCTACTA ATCTTTATTA CCATTTGAAA CGGGATTATT CGCTTTATTT
801 AGGGTATAAC TACACTTTTT
CTCGAGATCT GCAGCTGGTA CGATATGGGA ATTCGAAGCT TTCTAGAACA
AAAACTCATC TCAGAAGAGG ATCTGAATAG CGCCGTCGAC CATCATCATC
ATCATTGAGT TTAACGGTCT CCAGCTTGGC TGTTTTGGCG GATGAGAGAA
GATTTTCAGC CTGATACAGA TTAAATC (SEQ ID NO:6)
简而言之,成功分离hopE基因的一种方法是通过使用Taq DNA聚合酶从幽门螺杆菌22695中进行扩增。可以通过使用DNA合成仪诸如Perkin-Elmer Applied Biosystems,Inc.model 332(ABI;Mississauga,Ontario,Canada),构建包含BamHI位点的上游引物5′AAGGATCCGATAGGAATGTAAAGGAATGG-3′(SEQ ID NO:7)和包含EcoRI位点的下游引物5′CCGAATTCTAAAGGCATGAACGCTTGCA-3′(SEQ ID NO:8)。可以以与lac启动子相同的方向将得到的PCR片段平端克隆到pBluescript II KS(+)中的EcoRV位点。
接着,可以设计PCR引物以将两个独特的限制性酶切位点克隆到hopE基因中以插入来自丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)核心抗原的135bp的免疫原编码序列。可以使用如下的递降扩增程序来进行使用TaqDNA聚合酶的PCR扩增。设计PCR热循环仪的程序为开始在96℃变性4分钟,随后在65℃的起始退火温度上(达90s)进行18个循环,每个连续的循环减少0.5℃,在72℃延伸6分钟,并在96℃变性1分钟。在完成开始的18个循环后,可以通过使用72℃的延伸和96℃的变性步骤,和55℃的不变退火温度来进行另外的14个扩增循环。接着,通过柱纯化得到的扩增子,用乙醇沉淀,并通过用DNA聚合酶的Klenow片段消化制造平端。可以用限制性酶消化所述PCR产物以去除模板DNA,将其连接于适合的载体诸如在阿拉伯糖诱导启动子控制下的pTM103.8,并转化到大肠杆菌JM105中。
可以在PCR扩增反应中通过使用寡核苷酸引物5′-AGATCTAAGGACGTC-3′(SEQ ID NO:9)加反应测序引物鉴定重组克隆。可以对鉴定的克隆进行测序以证实插入的限制性核酸内切酶位点在框中并且在hopE基因中没有引入错误。接着,可以使用标准技术插入来自丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)核心抗原的135bp的免疫原性编码序列。
一旦产生载体pTMI03-8,将其转化到大肠杆菌中,在37℃培养所述大肠杆菌。接着,收获细胞并通过蛋白质印迹证实HCV插入物的表达。
简而言之,如下进行该程序。从约20个平板收集细胞,将其重悬在在10mM Tris-HCl(pH8.0)中具有50mg的DNase I(Boehringer Mannheim)的20%蔗糖中。接着,用French pressure cell在15,000lb/in2破坏细胞。将破裂的细胞覆盖在在10mM Tris-HCl(pH8.0)中的1ml的70%和6ml的70%蔗糖的蔗糖分级梯度上。收集外膜级分,在150,000xg上沉淀,并将所述沉淀物重悬在100μl的蒸馏水中。
或者,可以将来自500ml的对数期培养物的外膜溶解在10mM Tris-HCl(pH 8.0)-3%n-辛基-聚氧化乙烯中,在23℃温育1小时,并在173,000×g离心30分钟。将沉淀物重悬在10mM Tris-HCl-3%n-辛基-聚氧化乙烯-5mMEDTA(pH 8.0)中,在23℃温育1小时,并在173,000×g离心30分钟,收集上清液。蛋白质免疫印迹法指示在第二个溶解步骤的上清液中的HCV/hopE的存在。将包含HCV/hopE的上清液与等体积的0.125M Tris-HCl(pH 6.8),4%(wt/vol)十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),和20%(vol/vol)甘油混合并进行SDS-12%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)。如果需要,可以将HCV/hopE条带从凝胶的未染色部分切除并在4℃过夜洗脱到10mM Tris-HCl(pH8.0),1mM EDTA(pH 8.0),和100mM NaCl中。接着,可以在SDS-PAGE凝胶上运行洗脱上清液以检查纯度,并使用标准技术进行蛋白质免疫印迹法。例如,可以以15μg/泳道的浓度上载分离的外膜。接着,在不连续的12%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上通过SDS-PAGE进行电泳。接着,用考马斯亮蓝对蛋白质进行染色。对于蛋白质免疫印迹法,可以将未染色的凝胶电印迹到Immobilon-P膜(Millipore,Bedford,Mass.)上。在23℃,用在磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS)中的3%牛血清白蛋白(BSA;Boehringer Mannheim)-0.1%Tween 20(Sigma)封闭2小时后,接着,在37℃,将所述膜与在1%BSA-0.05%吐温20中的1/10,000稀释的抗-HCV兔抗血清一起在PBS中温育1小时。接着,所述膜用PBS洗涤并与1/5,000稀释的碱性磷酸酶缀合的二抗(Bio-Rad,Richmond,Calif.)一起在37℃温育1小时。用5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚磷酸盐(BCIP,Calbiochem,LaJolla,Calif.)和氮蓝四唑(NBT,Sigma)检测结合的抗体。
实施例2 进行稳定表达的表达载体和抗原的选择
因为HopE是幽门螺杆菌的天然蛋白质并且为该生物所耐受,因此可以形成用于在幽门螺杆菌中表达外源抗原或其它异源基因产物的构建体。如上述可以容易开发的其它的幽门螺杆菌/大肠杆菌穿梭载体包括,例如,包含两个质粒复制起点的载体和适合于每个宿主的标记。标记可能包括氯霉素/卡那霉素抗性基因以及可以由大肠杆菌和幽门螺杆菌转录系统二者识别的启动子。
可以通过使用许多大肠杆菌质粒(例如pBR322)来满足对于在大肠杆菌中复制的要求。
构建的穿梭载体可以在大肠杆菌和幽门螺杆菌二者中进行复制的体外测试,并且与在文献中所述的现存的穿梭质粒进行比较。
理想地,待表达的抗原或其它异源基因产物的选择将是对于幽门螺杆菌和大肠杆菌无毒并且在递送到哺乳动物的选定位点时,具有高度免疫原性(或具有另外的理想的性质)的抗原和其它异源基因产物。在用于哺乳动物免疫的被表达抗原的情况中,这样的位点可以是黏膜位点。
如在实施例1中所述,可以在大肠杆菌的表面表达hopE/HCV核心抗原融合蛋白。pTMI03-8的产物(图3)优选地靶向幽门螺杆菌外膜,从而使其在黏膜环境中显示HCV核心抗原。
已经对作为人抗原的破伤风类毒素(TT)进行了广泛的研究,并且对针对其的免疫应答进行了特征鉴定。当在细菌孢子的表面上显示,通过口服或鼻内施用时,TT激发良好的黏膜免疫应答(Duc & Cutting,2003,ExpertOpinion Biol Ther,3(8),1263-70)。所述破伤风毒素C片段可以融合到上述的hopE基因产物中或被改造以包含膜固着点和细胞表面靶序列。该系统的优势是存在充分表征的鼠模型来评价接种疫苗程序的有效性,而在HCV的情况中,已知的鼠模型典型地依赖于免疫缺陷型小鼠。已经显示用巨细胞病毒(CMV)的gB蛋白质针对致死剂量的表达gB抗原的被改造的牛痘病毒来免疫小鼠。因此,可以使用在实施例1中所述的方法构建包含取代HCV抗原的gB抗原的穿梭载体诸如本文所述的那些。
可以在穿梭载体中使用许多启动子。理想地,所用的启动子可通过螺杆菌的天然体内建群机制或通过用无毒的食品或可以食用的化学品诱导来进行诱导。例如来自幽门螺杆菌组氨酸激酶HP165,被报道通过酸性pH进行诱导,并且可以作为涉及胃黏膜建群(colonization)的毒力因子的启动子是一种这样的启动子。这种启动子的益处是可以用仅在暴露于胃黏膜的酸性环境时才表达的外源抗原来体外制备构建体。
其它的启动子包括在pTMI03.8中所用的启动子和FlaB sigma 54启动子(Josenhans等,1998,FEMS Microbial Lett.,161(2),263-73),在许多组成型和可诱导的大肠杆菌系统中使用的广泛研究的T7启动子和在厌氧环境中诱导的沙门氏菌的nir B启动子(Chatfield等,1992,Biotechnology,10(8):888-92)。可以利用Angelini等(2004)(Plasmid,51:101-107)发展的系统测试这些启动子的任一种在幽门螺杆菌中发挥作用的能力,所述系统使用CAT和GFP报告基因作为幽门螺杆菌质粒载体中启动子活性的指示。
表达的靶位点将依赖于所用的抗原或其它基因产物。最初的研究集中在HopE蛋白和融合多肽上,其将表达的多肽(例如,抗原)靶向到幽门螺杆菌的细胞表面上。
质粒稳定性也是非常重要的,尽管抗生素抗性基因作为质粒维持的选择性决定子的用途可以用于体外,在体内则实用性较弱。一种备选方案为平衡致死系统,例如,在沙门氏菌属中失活使用的asd基。天然存在于幽门螺杆菌中的asd基因编码天冬氨酸酯-半醛脱氢酶(diaminopimelic酸(DAP)的生物合成途径中的酶,革兰氏阴性细菌细胞壁糖的基本组分)。在DAP缺失的条件下,asd突变体进行裂解。由于DAP并不存在于哺乳动物组织中,这种平衡致死系统要求所有存活的幽门螺杆菌携带包含重组asd基因的质粒。
为了使用asd基因系统,利用标准基因敲除方案灭活asd基因的基因组拷贝。随后这种幽门螺杆菌菌株将只能在提供DAP或具有包含asd基因的质粒时生长。
可以用于类似目的的其它系统包括大肠杆菌肠毒素(enterotoxin)或霍乱毒素(cholera toxin)(CT)作为黏膜佐剂。还可以使用佐剂强化黏膜免疫反应。两种这类佐剂为CT和大肠杆菌肠毒素(LT),其中将表达的抗原融合到LTB和CTB突变体上,其保持它们的强效黏膜佐剂特性但具有显著减弱的毒性。
实施例3 毒力,LD50
如在实施例1和2中所述,基于螺杆菌的载体诸如pHP3和pHP1能够提供针对在哺乳动物诸如小鼠或人中的感染的保护。在本实施例中,使用小鼠模型来证实使用基于螺杆菌的系统将药理学活性目标分子递送给哺乳动物包括人的应用性。使用鼠模型来证实幽门螺杆菌的转基因菌株体内激发针对表达的表面抗原的血清学反应的活性。
用野生型幽门螺杆菌来感染小鼠,同时如在实施例2中所述用温度敏感性的幽门螺杆菌管饲接种其它的小鼠。按照在表1中显示的计划表,对来自对照和测试动物的血清测试抗体,并且在处死的动物上进行胃组织学研究。还可以使用小鼠尿素呼吸测试。
如在表2中显示,观察到毒力减少了50%(从75%到40%)。特异性抗体滴度在基线上增加4倍,显示血清学反应。在基线,12,24,48周采血清样品。在这些时间,处死10,10和20只动物并且进行胃的组织学研究。
表1
体内研究
周 | 剩余的小鼠* | 使用的小鼠 | 血清学 | 组织学 | 校正 |
0 | 50 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
12 | 50 | 10 | 40 | 10 | 109.2 |
24 | 40 | 10 | 30 | 10 | 218.4 |
48 | 30 | 30 | 20 | 20 | 1310.4 |
49 | 0 | ||||
总数 | 50 | 130 | 40 |
*C57BL/6J雌性,40只测试的和10只对照
表2
power计算毒力研究
在α=0.05和power=80%和幽门螺杆菌各种感染比率 |
正常=75%比TSHP=50% n=58在每组中的小鼠正常=75%比TSHP=40% n=30在每组中的小鼠样品大小20将仅给你37%的power:检测差异(75%比50%)和62%的power:检测差异(75%比40%)。为了使用20的样品大小,你将需要在TSHP中的感染比率是至少32%或更少(具有80%的power和α=0.05) |
实施例4 一些温度敏感型幽门螺杆菌菌株的毒力和抗原性的比较
为了检测在涉及外膜蛋白的表达/修饰的毒力中的主要变化,如在实施例3中所述用温度-敏感型幽门螺杆菌接种小鼠。用野生型幽门螺杆菌菌株来感染相同大小的对照组的小鼠。使用非侵入的方式确定幽门螺杆菌的存在或不存在。在3和6个月时,对小鼠采血进行抗体评估。处死后,进行组织学研究以测试胃炎并证实建群。表3显示所用的小鼠的血清学和组织学研究。
表3
毒力和血清学比较研究
周 | 剩余的小鼠 | 所用的小鼠 | 血清学 | 组织学 | 校正 |
0 | 180 | 180 | |||
24 | 180 | 180 | |||
48 | 180 | 180 | 180 | 180 | 7862.4 |
49 | 0 | ||||
总数 | 180 | 540 | 180 |
实施例5 评价温度敏感型幽门螺杆菌疫苗针对肺炎球菌(Pneumococcal)抗原的功效的LD50研究
为了证实基于螺杆菌的疫苗对标准的病原体(肺炎球菌)的保护作用,用温度敏感型幽门螺杆菌通过管饲法接种小鼠。用野生型幽门螺杆菌菌株感染相同大小的对照组。如在实施例4中所述,使用非侵入性方式来确定幽门螺杆菌的存在或不存在。在感染后6个月,按照Aaberge等的方法(1995,Microb.Pathog.18:141-152),用10倍于活的毒性4型肺炎球菌的LD50的量(~20 CFU/小鼠)给所有的小鼠进行腹膜内激发。
如在表4中所显示,容许在对照中75%的致死性,研究具有0.8的power以检测致死率中50%的减少(75%比50%)。
表4
对于免疫的小鼠的针对肺炎球菌的LD50
周 | 剩余的小鼠 | 所用的小鼠 | 血清学 | 组织学 | 校正 |
0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | ||
24 | 60 | 0 | |||
25 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 1365 |
26 | 0 | ||||
总数 | 60 | 0 | 0 |
实施例6 小鼠的幽门螺杆菌状态的确定:呼吸测试方法
在本实施例中,将在人中所用的尿素呼吸测试进行改进以用在小鼠中。
给10只小鼠饲喂缺乏脲酶的饮食(未蒸煮的大豆)。接着,通过管饲法给小鼠施用3.7kBq的在200μl的调味柠檬酸盐中的[14]C尿素,并将其置于充满空气的2L塑料拉链包中达20分钟。接着,在不交换包中空气的情况下,移去小鼠。接着,引入在乙醇中的0.1mmol的季铵盐,并将闪烁体加入季铵盐溶液中,计数达10分钟或多到1,000dpm的数值。
实施例7 人的研究
为了证实在人中的毒力和抗体应答,使用如“Baylor菌株”的幽门螺杆菌菌株,并采取下列标准:
1.被感染的个体无症状,仅有温和的组织学损伤,并且没有感染肝炎病毒或HIV的迹象。
2.分离株是单一菌株,cagA阴性的,并且对甲硝唑、克红霉素(clarithromycin)、四环素和羟氨苄青霉素敏感。
3.接受激发的志愿者是这样的健康人,其具有正常胃组织学,无胃溃疡病史,在家中没有年幼的儿童,不经常与年幼儿童接触,并且对可能在治疗感染中需要的抗生素不过敏。
激发由在就寝时间的40mg的法莫替丁(famotidine),随后在早晨的通过口服在牛肉汁中的幽门螺杆菌组成。每日接触受试者,进行14天。在7天和14天后进行13C-UBT并在2周和3个月后进行用定量培养物进行的内窥镜检查和组织学研究。使用抗生素来消除感染。
实施例8 用于体内检测野生型和/或TSHP的外用化学标记的开发
可以用于体内检测野生型或TSHP的化学标记的实例是柳氮磺胺吡啶(SSN),其结构显示在图4中。在无菌小鼠和常规大鼠中的研究已经显示肠道细菌仅仅负责重氮键还原,导致SSN的还原代谢和磺胺嘧啶和5-氨基水杨酸盐的释放。将催化这种反应的酶称为重氮还原酶(异名偶氮还原酶)。被给药SSN的常规大鼠在尿和粪便中排泄5-氨基水杨酸盐和磺胺嘧啶(和它们各自的缀合物),而无菌大鼠没有显示SSN降解的迹象。
一些细菌物种已经显示具有重氮还原酶(AZR’s)。早期的生物信息学研究已经指出幽门螺杆菌可以不包含AZR基因。类似的相似序列的存在也已经产生阴性结果。在这些情况下,可以使用具有活力和功能性偶氮还原酶的幽门螺杆菌(TSHP)的转基因菌株(azr+TSHP)评估这些标记的应用。
用EcoR I和HindIII消化质粒pTMI03-02,并将其与来自枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)的用EcoR I和HindIII处理的偶氮还原酶(AZR)基因连接,产生了包含HopE 168aa和AZR命名的pTMI03-azr的载体。将这种质粒转化到大肠杆菌中来评估HopE和枯草芽孢杆菌AZR表达是否发生。当用全长C型肝炎核心抗原(HCCA)类似地处理pTMI02时,使用蛋白质印迹法和抗-HopE Abs证实了HopE::HCCA向大肠杆菌外膜的转运。
用azr+TSHP通过管饲法感染小鼠(n=30),并且一旦建立了AZR的体内表达,在尿和粪便中产生5-氨基水杨酸盐和磺胺嘧啶(和它们各自的缀合物),可以开始人试验。
实施例9 使用DIAGNEX BLUE作为标记
诊断试剂“Diagnex Blue”由缀合了染料(Azure-A)的离子交换树脂(Amberlite XE-96)组成。这种测试依赖于树脂-染料组合在少于2.5的pH解离,随后染料被吸附并出现在尿中的事实。在尿中不存在染料的人是胃酸缺乏。这种原理显示在图5中。
可以使用相同的原理来测试幽门螺杆菌。例如如果树脂与尿素一起应用,在pH>7.0时解离的染料-树脂组合可以检测脲酶。这将在幽门螺杆菌居留的黏液层中产生pH>7.0,因此释放染料。
用野生型幽门螺杆菌菌株接种小鼠(n=30),同时使用无菌的小鼠(n=30)作为对照(pilot研究)。在容许幽门螺杆菌建立活性感染的优化阶段后,将预定量的树脂-染料复合物通过管饲法引入测试组和对照组。随后是尿素溶液(范围0.01M到0.5M)。将小鼠饲养在代谢笼中,并监测和量化天青(azure)染料的排泄。对树脂和尿素浓度的不同比率进行测试以证实待使用的优化组合。
实施例10 递送制剂
对于通过气溶胶的施用,本发明可以在使用适合的推进剂的情况下,以从加压包装或喷雾器提供的气溶胶喷雾剂形式进行递送。在加压气溶胶的情形中,可以通过提供阀门以递送计量的量来确定剂量单位。将所述制剂制备为粉末以通过吸入来施用。还可以通过雾化包含按照本发明的组合物的溶液或混悬液来进行通过吸入的施用。
还可以将按照本发明的组合物在用于口服消化的液体中配制从而作为静脉内制剂施用给受试者,或配制为液体作为静脉内制剂施用给受试者。
如果适合,使用另外的适合的药物助剂,通过本领域技术人员所熟悉的方法来制备本发明的所有的各种制剂。按照本发明的组合物有利地包含螺杆菌物种,所述螺杆菌物种单独存在或与其它需要的成分组合。
可以将任何上述单独的或组合的螺杆菌制剂包括在药物组合物中,所述药物组合物包含按照本发明的药用组合物。本文所述的药物组合物可以以固体(例如粉末,颗粒,颗粒剂,小药囊,片剂,胶囊等),半固体(凝胶,糊剂等)或液体(溶液,分散体,混悬液,乳状液,混合物等)形式存在,并适合于通过例如胃肠道和胃黏膜给药。所述药物组合物可以因此以适应于在应用前在液体介质中分散的粉末或颗粒形式存在。
以液体形式存在的药物组合物可以以包含螺杆菌组合物和电解质溶液的分散体形式存在,所述电解质溶液诸如,例如适应于生理条件的组合物,例如可生理接受的溶液。
按照本发明的药物组合物还可以包含其它的治疗性,预防性和/或诊断性活性物质。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及包含第一和第二容器的药物试剂盒,所述第一容器包括包含按照本发明的质粒和/或质粒载体的重组螺杆菌组合物,所述第二容器包含用于螺杆菌组合物的分散介质,伴随在应用前在分散介质中施用和/或投入(dosing)螺杆菌组合物的说明书。
在试剂盒中包含的按照本发明的螺杆菌组合物可以以粉末或颗粒形式存在。
按照本发明的药物试剂盒可以包括这样的说明书,所述说明书推荐在分散到分散介质中后螺杆菌组合物应该施用的时间阶段。
实施例11 用螺杆菌-疫苗制剂进行的免疫调节
TH1反应(1型T-辅助细胞)是细胞介导的反应。推测过度的这种活性是疾病诸如类风湿性关节炎(RA)和狼疮的病因。与此相反,TH-2是疫苗的抗体型血清学反应特征。本实施例提供当用按照本发明的基于螺杆菌的疫苗处理制剂处理时,在动物中获得TH-2型反应的技术。
可以使用如本文所述的螺杆菌载体和载体质粒系统来激发动物中的抗体反应。作为实例,在WO0194599中描述了在构建体中应用基因表达盒的系统,其提供细菌,梭菌属(Clostridium)的转化以及随后蛋白质(S-层蛋白质)从转化的梭菌表面的分泌,这起动了黏膜接种疫苗,将所述WO0194599全部内容并入本文作为参考。这些构建体还可以包括选自ORF1,ORF3,ORF5-7.,ORF7或ORF11的分泌前导序列。
按照疫苗的一些实施方案,基于螺杆菌的载体和载体质粒可以包括编码细菌表层蛋白质的序列。在本文将表层蛋白质定义为存在于细菌外膜上并且能够暴露在细菌表面上的具有蛋白质性质的任何分子,包括例如蛋白质,糖蛋白和脂蛋白。S层蛋白可以连续地并自发地以比细胞中任何其它种类的蛋白质更大的量产生。
还在WO-97/28263中提供了制备重组细胞制剂的方法,所述重组细胞制剂包括具有S-层蛋白质的革兰氏阴性宿主细胞,梭菌。所述方法可以进行改进并按照(followed)本文所述的程序进行,以结合S-蛋白质作为本发明的螺杆菌构建体的部分。
因此,在一些载体和载体质粒构建体中,提供包含螺杆菌序列和非螺杆菌药理学活性目标分子的融合蛋白。为了增加使用本发明的螺杆菌构建体的疫苗的免疫原性,融合蛋白的螺杆菌序列可以包括编码S-层蛋白质的序列。已经报道了包含S-层蛋白质作为融合蛋白的部分从而在芽孢杆菌表面表达S-层蛋白质(见WO-95/19371,描述球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillussphaericus)),因此增加所述制剂的免疫原性的芽孢杆菌构建体。
已经提供了针对一些疾病的黏膜免疫,包括口服脊髓灰质炎(polio)疫苗和针对由大肠杆菌引起的霍乱和腹泻的口服(可饮用)的疫苗(灭活的疫苗)。在一些实施方案中,预期本发明的疫苗可以因此包括灭活的疫苗。
本发明意欲保护活的疫苗,因为这样的疫苗将提供单剂量,长效的疫苗接种,原因在于载体生物,螺杆菌将持续产生抗原,即非螺杆菌的药理学活性目标分子,并加强体内免疫性。此外,所述疫苗将与佐剂组合进行施用。这些佐剂包括分子诸如氢氧化铝或脂质小泡,其通过钝化施用的removal forte site而增加对于所述疫苗的暴露时间。佐剂还通过引起被称为细胞因子和趋化因子的免疫调节肽的产生来发挥作用(Brewer等1997,J.Cytokines Cell Mol.Ther.,4:223-246)。因此,本发明的疫苗可以包括细胞因子佐剂以增加免疫反应。
当口服施用于哺乳动物诸如人或动物时,转化的螺杆菌或大肠杆菌将为胃肠建群提供需要的多肽,通过作为建群的天然位点的胃壁产生和呈递所需多肽。胃肠道周围由专门设置各种类型的免疫应答的有效免疫装置围绕。因此,重组螺杆菌疫苗或产生肽的菌株的胃肠建群产生比常规疫苗接种长得多的免疫刺激。此外,抗原可以优先呈递到消化道壁或内腔。
实施例12 螺杆菌及其作为食欲抑制剂的应用
提供本实施例来证实本发明作为将螺杆菌用在提供抑制食欲的制剂和治疗方案中的方法的应用性。具体而言,预期包含减毒的螺杆菌以及非螺杆菌的药理学活性目标分子的构建体向消化道黏膜的递送提供了一种有效的方式来抑制调节食欲和精神健全(sanity)的消化道-脑枢椎,所述药理学活性目标分子调节生长素释放肽(激素)或生长素释放肽激动剂的水平。
研究表明生长素释放肽是食欲刺激剂,即生长素释放肽增加鼠中食物吸收(Asakawa et al.2003 Gut,52(7):947-52)。还已经报道生长素释放肽减少在啮齿类动物的脂肪组织中的脂肪利用(Tschop等,2000,Nature,407:908-13),以及参与大鼠脂肪形成(Choi等(2003),Endocrinology,144(3):751-9)。还已经报道生长素释放肽为饥饿信号,当可用营养低时促进受试者进食。
生长素释放肽,作为生长激素促分泌素受体(GHS-R)的内源性配体,刺激培养的垂体(pituitary)细胞以剂量依赖型的方式释放生长激素(GH),并且由A-样细胞产生和分泌出来,所述A-样细胞主要在胃底的oxyntic腺中发现。目前已知生长素释放肽不仅在GH释放,还在控制食欲和体重中发挥作用。
已经显示胃肠外和脑室内(intracerebo-ventricularly)施用生长素释放肽都刺激进食并提高自由取食的小鼠和大鼠的体重,甚至对于具有GH缺陷的那些动物来说亦是如此。食欲和体重的控制可以不依赖于GH释放。
生长素释放肽,一种28-个氨基酸的肽,当其第三个丝氨酸残基被n-辛酸酰化时得以激活,并且GHS-R反应于最开始的四或五个残基,包括整个生长素释放肽的辛酰化的丝氨酸残基。已经显示GHS-R存在于垂体、丘脑下部、肾上腺、甲状腺、胰腺、心肌、脾和睾丸中。生长素释放肽刺激NPY和AGRP mRNA在丘脑下部的表达。生长素释放肽的中枢orexigenic作用由丘脑下部表达NPY/AGRP的神经元介导。还已经报道生长素释放肽抑制迷走神经传入活性。生长素释放肽的外周orexigenic作用至少可以部分地由其对于迷走神经传入活性的抑制作用所介导。IL-1β是原炎性细胞因子,其通过刺激leptin的表达和释放,和/或通过模仿来自leptin的过量负反馈信号对于丘脑下部的影响而介导恶病质进程。
有人提出在内脏黏膜上提供给动物的生长素释放肽拮抗剂将减少动物的进食摄入并减少体重增长。
实施例13 伴随细胞消耗的癌症和艾滋病
本实施例说明了本发明用作预防或抑制细胞消耗的制品的用途,特别是与艾滋病和癌症的患病状态相关联的细胞消耗。
恶病质是这样一种病症,其特征是消瘦(wasting)、憔悴(emaciation)、虚弱(feeblemess)和营养不良(inanition)。最近据报道在癌症恶病质的小鼠模型中生长素释放肽和生长素释放肽mRNA的水平在胃中都得以上调。在血浆IL-1β水平提高的恶病质小鼠中,生长素释放肽的血浆浓度也随着恶病质的进程而提高。这种结果提示在生长素释放肽动力学和由IL-1介导的恶病质进程之间可能存在着密切的关系。IL-1β是一种使食欲减退(anorexigenic)的物质,就像CCK,leptin,胃泌激素(gastrin)相关蛋白和铃蟾肽(bombesin),并且拮抗生长素释放肽的作用。
Asakawa等报道胃肠外给药的IL-1β减少丘脑下部的NPY mRNA表达以及胃中的前原生长素释放肽mRNA表达,并且腹膜内给药的生长素释放肽抑制 IL-1β诱导的厌食的严重性。已知幽门螺杆菌感染是在胃炎、胃溃疡和胃恶性瘤形成中的一种主要病理因素。幽门螺杆菌附着到胃黏膜上诱导炎症,其与各种细胞因子,包括IL-1β的释放相关联。
据临床上观察根除幽门螺杆菌通常会带来一些营养参数的改善,如体重和总胆固醇、总蛋白质和白蛋白的血清水平。已经报道幽门螺杆菌感染能够改进蒙古沙鼠的血浆和胃生长素释放肽动力学。不过,在人类中,已经报道幽门螺杆菌感染并不与血浆生长素释放肽水平的任何改变相关联,尽管已经有人显示根除幽门螺杆菌与血浆生长素释放肽水平的提高相关联。
有人提出幽门螺杆菌可以用作载体来向其需要的患者提供支链淀粉(amylin),例如通过作用来向胃黏膜提供生长素释放肽的分泌。在一些实施方案中,将构建包括编码支链淀粉、支链淀粉类似物,和/或其衍生物,以及支链淀粉激动剂(包括降钙素、降钙素基因相关肽,及其类似物)的螺杆菌载体,从而降低生长素释放肽水平。
支链淀粉拮抗剂能够提高生长素释放肽水平。用支链淀粉,支链淀粉激动剂,或其它降低支链淀粉有效水平的类似化合物来调节支链淀粉的有效水平,可以抑制,或在拮抗剂和抗体的情况下刺激生长素释放肽分泌。因此,该方法的一些实施方案涉及通过直接或间接的手段提高支链淀粉或支链淀粉激动剂的有效水平,或通过利用支链淀粉拮抗剂降低支链淀粉的有效水平或抑制支链淀粉产生,来调节生长素释放肽的内源水平。
实施例14 戈谢病的治疗
本实施例说明了本发明用作治疗缘自酶缺陷的疾病,如戈谢病(Gaucher’s disease)的用途。戈谢病是人类中最常见的溶酶体贮存病症,其源自一种酶,葡糖脑苷脂酶(GC)的缺陷(Nolta等,(1992),J.Clin.Invest.90(2):342-348)。
用包含编码化学伴侣的序列的螺杆菌疫苗构建体提供酶替换治疗。(Sawker等,(2002),PNAS USA 99(24):15428-15433)或葡糖脑苷脂酶。由此可以获得功能性β-糖苷酶(β-Glu,葡糖脑苷脂酶)水平的提高。特别地,可以将编码化学伴侣脱氧吉瑞霉素(deoxynojirimycin)的序列用于幽门螺杆菌构建体并口服或胃内给药于患者。
作为又一个实施方案的部分,提供基于螺杆菌的构建体,其包含具有非螺杆菌药理学活性目标分子的载体,在此情况下,所述活性分子编码葡糖脑苷脂酶(GC)。在Nolta等(1992)中描述,将逆转录病毒介导的葡糖脑苷脂酶培养的Gaucher骨髓转移作为治疗戈谢病的方法。然而,这种方法是极具侵入性的。使用包含编码缺陷酶,葡糖脑苷脂酶的序列的本发明的基于螺杆菌的构建体的备选酶替代疗法提供了针对这种疗法更具有吸引力和不那么昂贵的备选方法。
实施例16
提供本实施例来证实本发明使用包含本文所述的螺杆菌载体和/或质粒载体的疫苗接种制剂,来提供适合于治疗和或抑制细菌诱导的恶性肿瘤,诸如淋巴瘤,特别是MALT淋巴瘤的有效制剂的应用性。
Sutton等(2004)(Vaccine,22(20):2541-6)报道了针对猫胃螺杆菌(helicobacter felis)对动物进行疫苗接种/免疫后,针对细菌诱导的恶性肿瘤,具体的原发性胃MALT淋巴瘤的保护。因此,还可以使用本发明的幽门螺杆菌构建体来提供针对细菌诱导的恶性肿瘤,具体地针对原发性胃MALT淋巴瘤的接种疫苗保护,所述构建体包括适合于提供针对除猫胃螺杆菌之外的免疫原的免疫制剂的载体和/或质粒载体。
将本申请引用的所有的文献,专利,期刊杂志和其它的材料特此并入作为参考。
尽管已经参考附图并结合了本发明的一些实施方案对本发明进行了充分地描述,要理解的是对于本领域那些技术人员而言,各种变化和改进可以是显而易见的。除非它们偏离本发明的范围,可以将这些变化和改进理解为包括在由后附的权利要求所限定的本发明的范围内。
参考书目
将下面的参考文献清楚地并入本文作为参考。
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序列表
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<120>细菌递送系统
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<141>2005-08-12
<150>AU 2004904564
<151>2004-08-13
<150>US 60/602,859
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ctcgcatgcg cgcgcgtgag ggattggggg ttgcaacccc ctaaataacg aagctgtagg 120
gtttctcatt tttgtggtga aaatgaataa aacagaactt cttgccaaca ctaacagaac 180
ttcttgccaa cactaacaga acttcttgcc aacactaaca gaacttcttg ccaacactaa 240
cagaacttct ttattttaaa gttatgatta ttaacaattt ttagacataa taacagcgtg 300
tgaagatact tttgtagcgg tatttcctat gtgcggcaaa atttggagca attagcttga 360
cttggttgag ttagtgggtt ggaggataga gagggcgaca cctcgttagg aggtatcaat 420
gtgaaagtat ttgtcgtatt agttctagta ttagtaattc tcgcacaatt gctatattag 480
gcttattcgt ggtctaaccc cttgtttatg ggggttggct cgttataagc atactgatac 540
gatcacactt attatacacc aaaagataag gagtatagag tggaatttga tcaatcagat 600
ttacaaaaag cgttgaaaat attagataca ctcccacaaa ccccacaaat tgagctacaa 660
aaacaagaaa tacaaaaccg catcaacaaa ataacagaga caatcattaa agaattacta 720
tcaaagcatg aaatcaagaa agaagaacta gaacccactc taaccccaaa acccacacca 780
ctcaaagagc cacaaaccac cccaacacca tgcaaagatt tagtggttag cacccctaaa 840
gataaaacct aatatcacct accacaataa cgctaataag gtcaatctag ggaaattgag 900
cgaaagggaa gccaatcttt tattcgctat ttttcaaaaa ctcaaagccc aagggaatac 960
cctcattcgt tttgaaccgc aagatttgaa acgcatgcta aacatagata tttctaatga 1020
gcgcttatca gaagtcgtta ttaagctgtg ggatagcatt aaaaccgctg atttttggaa 1080
aattagcgaa accgaaactt caatcattca agaaaattac atgcttttta gtcggtgtaa 1140
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aaaaatctac ccttttgaac acttgagcta taaaaaagaa cgcaaaagcc attacaagcg 1500
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caaccaaatc gctaaaagaa acgcaaaagc cactatggaa gctaggtttc ttgaattgaa 1680
aactttgatc ggctatcagt tcaggaacaa tgacagtagg aacaaattaa agattgacaa 1740
caccactttt gaaagaatca aatgtattta catgtatctt aaccctaaaa ataagcataa 1800
cccccaaaaa ttccttgtat ccaacaagac attcgcattg gaactact atatatcaatag 1860
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gaactggacg taatcggatc tgtatttggt ccagatgtgg ataagcctgg gacttctcaa 2100
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agaaaacaaa cacctaaaag aacaaggact agaaaaaatc tacactcaaa aagactacga 2280
gcagttaaaa gaacagcatt tgaaagaaat tgaagcactc aaaaaagaaa tccaaaaaac 2340
caagcaagaa acatacacgc aaccaaaaga atgtagccat ttagcgcatt cttttagccc 2400
taattcattc tttcaatcaa aatccgacta attcatcggc taaacgctaa aaatcgctta 2460
aaacgaaaaa tacaaagcaa aaaacttcat tcccctttta gtcgttaacc atttagccaa 2520
tctaactagt ttagcatcta aaggcgaatc tatcttgtgt tagacatcca accttaccaa 2580
aaccgcagag cgagcttaag agagattcaa gcggttttgc acgattgttt gctgccaaga 2640
aaaccaacaa gcgaagtaag gcgcatagac aaaagcgcat cgcagtttga aagcgtaggc 2700
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cagtacgcgc aacaaaaatt aatgtaaaat ttgttgaaca acaacaaaaa tgtacaaaat 60
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caaagagtaa aaacaccact tttacttatt ttgtcttgaa gaacggttgt gattgtcttg 180
aagaacggtt gtgattgtct tgaagaacgg ttgtgattgt cttgaagaac ggttgtgatt 240
gtcttgaaga aataaaattt caatactaat aattgttaaa aatctgtatt attgtcgcac 300
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agtttcgtac tttagttctt tcttcttgat cttgggtgag attggggttt tgggtgtggt 780
gagtttctcg gtgtttggtg gggttgtggt acgtttctaa atcaccaatc gtggggattt 840
ctattttgga ttatagtgga tggtgttatt gcgattattc cagttagatc cctttaactc 900
gctttccctt cggttagaaa ataagcgata aaaagttttt gagtttcggg ttcccttatg 960
ggagtaagca aaacttggcg ttctaaactt tgcgtacgat ttgtatctat aaagattact 1020
cgcgaatagt cttcagcaat aattcgacac cctatcgtaa ttttggcgac taaaaacctt 1080
ttaatcgctt tggctttgaa gttagtaagt tcttttaatg tacgaaaaat cagccacatt 1140
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gatagttctg aatgagttgt tagacccgta cccagttatg tgaagaaagt tagacaatct 1260
taaagtttct cactccccat ttatgcgatt ttgcgagata gcgaacgagt tcgttatgtt 1320
ttcgtgtccc taaaactcgc accttacctg agttaagtcc ctcgaaaatc tgtaaggttt 1380
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tttttagatg ggaaaacttg tgaactcgat attttttctt gcgttttcgg taatgttcgc 1500
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tttgtttcgg ctgttcgttg cgcgagtttc cctgtagttc gaacatcgta ccctataagt 1620
gttggtttag cgattttctt tgcgttttcg gtgatacctt cgatccaaag aacttaactt 1680
ttgaaactag ccgatagtca agtccttgtt actgtcatcc ttgtttaatt tctaactgtt 1740
gtggtgaaaa ctttcttagt ttacataaat gtacatagaa ttgggatttt tattcgtatt 1800
gggggttttt aaggaacata ggttgttctg taagcgtaac cttgatgata tatagttatc 1860
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cttgacctgc attagcctag acataaacca ggtctacacc tattcggacc ctgaagagtt 2100
cggaaagtaa cgatttcact cttttaaacc cctaaccaag ttcttgtgat gtccactttt 2160
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ttggggattt ttgattttgg ggttttatac atcacg 2796
<210>3
<211>3444
<212>DNA
<213>幽门螺杆菌(helicobactcr pylori)
<400>3
tctacacaat taacaatctt tagctacaat aacagcgtgt gaagatgctt tcacagcggt 60
atttcctatg tgcggcaaaa tttggagcaa ttaacttgac ttggttgggt tagtgggttg 120
gaggatagag agggcgacac ctcgttagga ggtatcaatg tgaaagtatt tgtcgtatta 180
gttctagtat tagtaattct cgcacaattg ctatattagg cttatttgtg gtctaacccc 240
ttgtttatgg gggttagatc cttataagca tactgatacg atcacactta ttatacacca 300
aaagataagg agtatagagt ggaatttgat caattagaat cacaaagatc agacttacaa 360
aaagtgttaa aagaattaga tacactccca aaaaccccac aaattgagct acaaaaacaa 420
gaaatacaaa accgcatcaa caaaataaca gacacaatca ttaaagaatt actatcaaaa 480
catgaaatca aaaaagaaga actagaaccc actctaaccc caaaacccac accaacaaaa 540
gagccacaaa ccacccccac accatgcaaa aatttagtgg ttagcacccc taaagataaa 600
acctatatca cctaccacaa taacgctaat aaggtcaatc tagggaaatt gagcgaaagg 660
gaagccaatc ttttattcgc tatttttcaa aggcttaaag atcaagggaa taccctcatt 720
cgttttgaac cgcaagattt aaaacgcatg atcatggtca aatccaactt aaccaacagg 780
caattattgc aagtcttaaa aaatttgctt gacaacatta gcggtgctaa tttttggatc 840
aattagagag catgttgaaa atggcgaaat ctatgaagat cacactagct acatgctttt 900
caaacaattt gaaatccgca tccataagcc aacacaaact atagaatact tagatgtcca 960
actcaatgat agctatcaat acttgctcaa caatctagga atgggcggtc aatacacttc 1020
tttcaatctc ttagaatttc aaagggtgag gggcaaatag tgagagcgtt aaatttcccc 1080
cccctattcc ccttaaaaag gacccttatc ccagggaatt tttggcccca atacaattag 1140
ggccaaaaac ccggtccctt ccatggctta accaacccaa ttgggggatt ccaatttccc 1200
ctggatggga ataacccaag gctttttttg aaaattccac ctaccatttg gtccaaaatt 1260
ggatggacaa ttccaaattc caaatcttct tttccaagaa tgggggccaa cccttgacaa 1320
actccttaaa ccttttcatt cggctaaaag gttgaaaaac atttggaaga tttggtttaa 1380
ggaaatattt atcgggtgaa aagaccagat gcatggctaa cttaaactcc atagaaaaac 1440
tgaatcacga aagaaagaat gctatcaaaa atggcattta ccacttgatc caaatcaaat 1500
tttcttacaa ctccaatcgc attgaaggaa gcggtttgac ttatgaacaa accgctcata 1560
tttttgacaa atccgttctc ataactgaaa aaaacaccaa tatcaaactt gatgatattt 1620
ttgaaactat caatcatttt gaatgcgtga attacttgct tgaaagctat aaagaacctt 1680
tgagtttaga atactttaag aatttacaca aaatcttgaa aaagaattgt tctgatgaag 1740
ttattggtga ttttaaaaaa cgccctaatt ttgtaggcaa tagcgccaca acaagaccca 1800
aattagttga aagcgaattg acaaatcttg tgaaaaatta tcaacgcaac cttgaagtga 1860
gtttgaaaaa caatatcatg cctttcatca tagaaaacga acacaaagcc ttttactaca 1920
ggggcatcaa agaatatgac aacacaaaag gctacttgaa agacaccatt ttgcaaagtc 1980
aagacaattt caatgaaatg gttagctatt tcttttcttg agtgaaaccg cttatttttg 2040
cttgtgtgct tttgtttttt gcgtttttag ttgtaggtgg taagaaatat cggttttttg 2100
cttttcgttg gttgtaggcg attttagata gcaaaaaaca gctaaaaaat ccaagcaacc 2160
taattgattt caaaccaact tcatttccct tttagtcgtt agccatttag ccaatctaac 2220
tagtttagca tctaaaagcg catataactt gagttagcaa tccaaccaat actaaaaccg 2280
cctagcgaag cgttagcgag caaaataagc ggttttagac cgattgtttg ctgacaagca 2340
aacaccaata agcgagcgtt agcgagcatg gacaaaagcg catcgcagtt tgaaagcgta 2400
ggcgttagcc gaagctgttt tgcgtaagca aatcaaacaa gatagcgcaa gccgaggtgc 2460
agcccaagaa tttgaattaa tccatgcggt gtttagggcg ttttagcgtg atcgctttat 2520
tacatgtttt aaacagcatg ctgtttttta catgttttac tcgcatgcgc gcgcgctagg 2580
tattggtggt tggaatagcc taaataacgc agctgtatgg tttctcattt ttcggtgaca 2640
atgaataagg ggtagttctt gcgagtcata agtgtagttc ttgcgagtca taagtgtagt 2700
tcttgcgagt cataagtgta gttcttgcga gtcataagtg tagttctctt cacaatatct 2760
acacaattca caatctctag ctacaataac agcgtgtgaa gatgctttca cagcggtatt 2820
tcctatgtgc ggcaaaattt ggagcaatta gctttaaaag ctagtgggtt gggagtttgt 2880
agcgggtatg cactccgtta ggaggcacac catgaaagca tttttgatag tagtgatttt 2940
agtggtaatc ttgacacagc cactatatta aaaccttagc gttttaataa cccttataag 3000
tccgccaaga cttcttaagg gtttcactcc tgttattata tcgtcttttg aaaaataagc 3060
attaaaaggc gcttaaatgc ccatgaatac gaattttgaa cagcttagaa aacaagaatt 3120
ggaattacga aaattattag aagaattaga aacgctccca caaaccccac aaattaaact 3180
gcaaaaacaa aaaatacaaa cttacataga caagataaca ccaagtattt tgagcggttt 3240
tgatcaaaaa ttcaaagaaa ttatagaaaa tctatcaaat gaatttgaaa aagaaaaatc 3300
cacaccactc aaagagccac aaaccacccc cacaccatgc aaagatttag tggttagcac 3360
ccctaaagat aacacctata ccacctacca caataacgct aataaggtca atctagggaa 3420
attgagcgaa agggaagcca atct 3444
<210>4
<211>580
<212>DNA
<213>丙型肝炎病毒
<400>4
catgagcacg aatcctaaac ctcaaagaaa aaccaaacgt aacaccaacc gtcgcccaca 60
ggacgtcaag ttcccgggtg gcggtcagat cgttggtgga gtttacttgt tgccgcgcag 120
gggccctaga ttgggtgtgc gcgcgacgag gaagacttcc gagcggtcgc aacctcgagg 180
tagacgtcag cctatcccca aggcacgtcg gcccgagggc aggacctggg ctcagcccgg 240
gtacccttgg cccctctatg gcaatgaggg ttgcgggtgg gcgggatggc tcctgtctcc 300
ccgtggctct cggcctagct ggggccccac agacccccgg cgtaggtcgc gcaatttggg 360
taaggtcatc gataccctta cgtgcggctt cgccgacctc atggggtaca taccgctcgt 420
cggcgcccct cttggaggcg ctgccagggc cctggcgcat ggcgtccggg ttctggaaga 480
cggcgtgaac tatgcaacag ggaaccttcc tggttgctct ttctctatct tccttctggc 540
cctgctctct tgcctgactg tgcccgcttc agcctaccaa 580
<210>5
<211>135
<212>DNA
<213>丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus)
<400>5
aatcctaaac ctcaaagaaa aaccaaacgt aacaccaacc gtcgcccaca ggacgtcaag 60
ttcccgggtg gcggtcagat cgttggtgga gtttacttgt tgccgcgcag gggccctaga 120
ttgggtgtgc gcgcg 135
<210>6
<211>1108
<212>DNA
<213>幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori)
<400>6
atgccatagc atttttatcc ataagattag cggatcctac ctgacgcttt ttatcgcaac 60
tctctactgt ttctccatac ccgttttttg ggctaacagg aggaattaac catggaattt 120
atgaaaaagt ttgtagcttt agggcttcta tccgcagttt taagctcttc gttgttagcc 180
gaaggtgatg gtgtttatat agggactaat tatcagcttg gacaagcccg tttgaatagt 240
aatatttata atacagggga ttgcacaggg agtgttgtag gttgcccccc aggtcttacc 300
gctaataagc ataatccagg aggcaccaat atcaattggc atgctaaata cgctaatggg 360
gctttgaatg gtcttgggtt gaatgtgggt tataagaagt tcttccagtt caagtctttt 420
gatatgacaa gcaagtggtt tggttttaga gtgtatgggc tttttgatta tgggcatgcc 480
actttaggca agcaagttta tgcacctaat aaaatccagt tggatatggt ctcttggggt 540
gtggggagcg atttgttagc tgatattatt gataacgata acgcttcttt tggtattttt 600
ggtggggtcg ctatcggcgg taacacttgg aaaagctcag cggcaaacta ttggaaagag 660
caaatcattg aagctaaggg tcctgatgtt tgtaccccta cttattgtaa ccctaacgct 720
ccttatagca ccaaaacttc aaccgtcgct tttcaggtat ggttgaattt tggggtgaga 780
gccaatattt acaagcataa tggcgtagag tttggcgtga gagtgccgct actcatcaac 840
aagtttttga gtgcgggtcc taacgctact aatctttatt accatttgaa acgggattat 900
tcgctttatt tagggtataa ctacactttt tctcgagatc tgcagctggt acgatatggg 960
aattcgaagc tttctagaac aaaaactcat ctcagaagag gatctgaata gcgccgtcga 1020
ccatcatcat catcattgag tttaacggtc tccagcttgg ctgttttggc ggatgagaga 1080
agattttcag cctgatacag attaaatc 1108
<210>7
<211>29
<212>DNA
<213>幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori)
<400>7
aaggatccga taggaatgta aaggaatgg 29
<210>8
<211>28
<212>DNA
<213>幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori)
<400>8
ccgaattcta aaggcatgaa cgcttgca 28
<210>9
<211>15
<212>DNA
<213>幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori)
<400>9
agatctaagg acgtc 15
Claims (35)
1.组合物,其包括具有螺杆菌属序列和编码非螺杆菌的药理学活性目标分子的非螺杆菌序列的螺杆菌属分子构建体。
2.按照权利要求1的组合物,其中所述螺杆菌属的细菌是幽门螺杆菌。
3.按照权利要求1或权利要求2的组合物,其中所述药理学活性目标分子对于所述幽门螺杆菌菌种是异源的。
4.按照权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物,其还包括启动子序列。
5.按照权利要求1-4中任一项的组合物,其中所述药理学活性目标分子是生长素释放肽,支链淀粉或其类似物。
6.按照权利要求2-5中任一项的组合物,其中所述幽门螺杆菌是减毒的幽门螺杆菌。
7.按照权利要求2-6中任一项的组合物,其中所述药理学活性目标分子包括蛋白质,肽或核酸分子。
8.一种疫苗,其包括按照权利要求4的组合物和可药用的载体溶液。
9.一种载体质粒,其包括按照权利要求4的组合物。
10.一种包括疫苗的组合物,其中所述疫苗包括螺杆菌属载体质粒,其包括:
(a)螺杆菌属核苷酸序列,所述螺杆菌属核苷酸序列包括启动子序列,所述启动子序列能够控制编码非螺杆菌的药理学活性目标分子的序列的表达;和
(b)编码非螺杆菌的药理学活性目标分子的序列。
11.按照权利要求10的组合物,其还包括佐剂。
12.按照权利要求10或权利要求11的组合物,还将其描述为适合于递送到粘膜。
13.按照权利要求10到12中任一项的组合物,其中所述非螺杆菌药理学活性目标分子是蛋白质,肽或核酸分子。
14.按照权利要求10到12中任一项的组合物,其中所述非螺杆菌药理学活性目标分子是生长素释放肽,支链淀粉或拮抗剂或其类似物。
15.一种制备包括非螺杆菌免疫原的免疫原性组合物的方法,其包括:
(a)提供包含可用质粒载体转化的幽门螺杆菌细胞的培养物;
(b)在适合的条件下,将包含启动子序列和编码非螺杆菌免疫原的序列的质粒载体引入所述培养物中以提供转化的幽门螺杆菌细胞,和
(c)选择表达所述非螺杆菌免疫原的转化细胞来提供免疫原性的组合物,
其中所述启动子序列能够控制编码所述非螺杆菌免疫原的序列的表达。
16.按照权利要求15的方法,其中所述启动子序列包含可诱导的启动子。
17.按照权利要求15或权利要求16的方法,其还包括非抗生素抗性的基因标记。
18.按照权利要求15的方法,其中所述启动子在幽门螺杆菌中组成型地表达。
19.按照权利要求15的方法,所述启动子是阿拉伯糖诱导的启动子。
20.按照权利要求15-19中任一项的方法,其中所述幽门螺杆菌是菌株26695。
21.按照权利要求15-20中任一项的方法,其中还将所述质粒载体限定为包括操纵子构建体。
22.一种治疗动物的方法,其包括下列步骤:
(a)提供按照权利要求10-14中任一项的组合物;和
(b)向所述动物施用有效量的所述组合物。
23.按照权利要求22的方法,其中所述动物是人。
24.按照权利要求22的方法,其中所述被治疗的动物具有增强的免疫反应。
25.按照权利要求22到24中任一项的方法,其中将所述组合物施用在所述动物的黏膜表面。
26.按照权利要求22到25中任一项的方法,其中将一种或多种有效量的所述组合物施用于所述动物。
27.一种包括重组细胞的组合物,所述重组细胞包括编码非幽门螺杆菌的药理学活性目标分子的序列,所述序列包括:
(a)至少一种编码药理学活性目标分子的非螺杆菌序列;和
(b)具有能够控制所述非螺杆菌序列表达的启动子序列的螺杆菌属序列,其中所述重组细胞能够在目标细胞中表达所述核酸或导致所述核酸分子的表达。
28.按照权利要求27的组合物,其中编码重组细胞的核苷酸序列还包括分泌的信号多肽。
29.按照权利要求27的组合物,其中所述重组细胞是重组幽门螺杆菌。
30.按照权利要求29的组合物,其中所述重组幽门螺杆菌是pTM103-8。
31.一种包括重组幽门螺杆菌的组合物,所述重组幽门螺杆菌包括:
(a)编码包括非螺杆菌的药理学活性目标分子和螺杆菌属序列的融合蛋白的序列;和
(b)可诱导的幽门螺杆菌启动子序列。
32.一种质粒载体,其包括按照权利要求31的组合物。
33.一种药物组合物,其包括作为活性成分的权利要求32的质粒载体,以及可药用的稀释剂,载体,佐剂或其组合。
34.一种制备重组幽门螺杆菌的方法,其包括:
(a)提供幽门螺杆菌的培养物;和
(b)将按照权利要求32的质粒载体提供到所述培养物中以提供重组幽门螺杆菌,
其中所述重组幽门螺杆菌能够在目标细胞中表达所述非螺杆菌药理学活性分子或导致该分子的表达。
35.按照权利要求31的组合物,其中所述重组螺杆菌还包括编码免疫调节多肽的第二核酸分子,其中所述重组螺杆菌能够在目标细胞中表达所述第二核酸分子。
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AU2004904564A AU2004904564A0 (en) | 2004-08-13 | Bacterial delivery system | |
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JP (1) | JP2008509168A (zh) |
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CN102078622A (zh) | 2011-06-01 |
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US20060057152A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
US8298527B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
WO2006015445A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
US8298806B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
EP1789094A1 (en) | 2007-05-30 |
EP1789094B1 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
CA2576280A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
JP2008509168A (ja) | 2008-03-27 |
EP1789094A4 (en) | 2008-02-27 |
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