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CN100580501C - Adaptive Optics Stellar Target Imaging System Based on Image Clearing Principle - Google Patents

Adaptive Optics Stellar Target Imaging System Based on Image Clearing Principle Download PDF

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CN100580501C
CN100580501C CN200710118052A CN200710118052A CN100580501C CN 100580501 C CN100580501 C CN 100580501C CN 200710118052 A CN200710118052 A CN 200710118052A CN 200710118052 A CN200710118052 A CN 200710118052A CN 100580501 C CN100580501 C CN 100580501C
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image
mirror
adaptive optics
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imaging system
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CN101078808A (en
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杨平
许冰
杨伟
胡诗杰
刘渊
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Institute of Optics and Electronics of CAS
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Institute of Optics and Electronics of CAS
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Abstract

基于像清晰化原理的自适应光学星体目标成像系统,主要由接收望远镜、分光镜、反射变形镜、高压放大器、光电探测器、主控计算机、控制算法、高速数字处理机和像质诊断系统组成。本发明能够直接利用天体目标本身作为信标,不需要采用昂贵的波前传感器测量来自天体目标的光束的波前误差,而是利用能反映波前误差信息的像清晰化指标作为衡量系统成像能力的品质因数,控制反射变形镜校正波前误差,使品质因素达到或接近最佳值。该发明具有结构简单、调整容易、成像实时、控制方便、能消除或减少信标非等晕误差的优点,在大气湍流非常强的条件下,也能对星体目标有效成像,可以大为降低用于天体目标成像补偿的传统自适应光学系统的成本。

Figure 200710118052

The adaptive optics star target imaging system based on the principle of image clarity is mainly composed of a receiving telescope, a beam splitter, a reflective deformable mirror, a high-voltage amplifier, a photoelectric detector, a main control computer, a control algorithm, a high-speed digital processor and an image quality diagnosis system. . The present invention can directly use the celestial object itself as a beacon, and does not need to use an expensive wavefront sensor to measure the wavefront error of the light beam from the celestial object, but uses the image clarity index that can reflect the wavefront error information as a measure of the imaging capability of the system The quality factor is controlled to correct the wavefront error by controlling the reflective deformable mirror, so that the quality factor reaches or approaches the optimal value. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy adjustment, real-time imaging, convenient control, and can eliminate or reduce the non-isohalo error of the beacon. It can also effectively image the star target under the condition of very strong atmospheric turbulence, which can greatly reduce the cost. The cost of conventional adaptive optics systems is compensated for imaging astronomical targets.

Figure 200710118052

Description

Adaptive optics celestial body target imaging system based on the picture clearing principle
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of adaptive optical imaging system, particularly a kind of Wave-front phase detector that do not need, low cost is based on the adaptive optics celestial body target imaging system of picture clearing principle.
Background technology
The stellar target that the dynamic disturbances of atmospheric turbulence not only makes telescope and observed is constantly shaken, but also constantly changes the shape of imaging facula, and therefore, atmospheric turbulence becomes the key factor of restriction terrestrial telescope resolution characteristic.The optical phase wavefront that is subjected to the atmospheric turbulence disturbance can be measured and proofread and correct to adaptive optical technique in real time, make and receive optical telescope and can obtain target picture near diffraction limit, therefore since the eighties in 20th century, adaptive optical technique is in astronomical sight, and fields such as Laser Transmission just are widely used.An ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS that typically is used for the stellar target imaging compensating comprises Wavefront detecting, wavefront reconstruction and wavefront correction three parts composition, wherein wave front detector the most normal utilization be Hartmann wave front sensor, 61 unit celestial body imaging compensating systems as Photoelectric Technology Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences, the breadboard SWAT of U.S. Lincoln system, and the Come-On system in Europe all adopts Hartmann wave front sensor.But, Hartmann wave front sensor, usually adopt microlens array to cut apart light beam aperture, and incident light is focused on the photosensitive target surface of photodetector (being generally CCD), perhaps lenticular focal plane hot spot image is imaged in the photodetector photosensitive target surface by a relay system.This class Hartmann sensor following shortcoming arranged: the coupling technique more complicated of microlens array and CCD, the focus error of the lenticule unit of microlens array is inconsistent can to influence sensor accuracy, photon utilization factor and quantum efficiency are lower, therefore are difficult to very dark celestial body target is carried out effective imaging; Before the measurement, must calibrate Hartmann wave front sensor with parallel beam, in system, must guarantee that the sub-aperture of Hartmann wave front sensor layout is corresponding according to certain relation with the distorting lens driver layout, otherwise can have influence on the stability of control algolithm and even The whole control system, this has also brought the difficult difficulty of debugging.What more can not ignore is, prices are rather stiff to be used for the high-precision Hartmann wave front sensor of astronomical sight, and the versatility of Hartmann wave front sensor is very poor, and different celestial body imaging self-adaptive optical systems often needs different Hartmann sensors, is difficult to mass production.
In addition, when under the condition of atmospheric turbulence especially severe, using this typical ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS to carry out the celestial body imaging, stellar target just can not be considered as point target again, and must treat as the expansion target, therefore, the light that comes from stellar target can not equivalence be from same point, but from different one by one zones.These zonules can be considered as an isoplanatic region respectively, so the light beam that comes from celestial body will experience different atmospheric turbulence zones, therefore the Wave-front phase that is stood will be different with amplitude distortion.Yet what we utilized that Hartmann wave front sensor measures but is these set with light beam of difference spread function, and the controlled deformation mirror produces a Wave-front phase with the Wave-front phase conjugation of these light beams, compensation integral phase distortion.This mode is owing to have directly to carry out the conjugation processing respectively at the light wave from the different isoplanatic regions of stellar target, is difficult to obtain the stellar target picture near diffraction limit.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems: overcome existing typical stellar target imaging compensating ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS and cost an arm and a leg, debug difficulties, influenced seriously by the non-vignetting error that waits, and be difficult under low light condition stellar target is effectively surveyed and the shortcoming of imaging, provide a kind of debugging convenient, low-cost, can effectively eliminate the non-grade of beacon vignetting error, and also can be to the adaptive optics celestial body target imaging system based on the picture clearing principle of effective detection of celestial body and imaging under low light condition.
Technical solution of the present invention is: based on the adaptive optics celestial body target imaging system of picture clearing principle, mainly comprise: the receiving telescope system, reflection deformable mirror, spectroscope, the high-speed figure processor, high-voltage amplifier, main control computer, snowslide secondary light pipe, image intensifying CCD camera, behind the primary mirror and secondary mirror of the light process receiving telescope system that stellar target comes, become parallel by eyepiece again or approaching parallel light, this bundle light is through after the reflection deformable mirror, incide and be divided into two bundles on the spectroscope, a branch of by lens focus and incide and be placed on the lens focal plane image intensifying CCD camera, the image information of surveying on image intensifying CCD camera through the built-in image capturing system of main control computer is transferred on the main control computer again, for the observation monitoring; Another bundle is focused on the snowslide secondary light pipe that lens converge in its focal plane, the objective function that the photon signal that snowslide secondary light pipe is detected will be optimized as the control algolithm that is built in the high-speed figure processor, principle according to the maximization objective function, the high-speed figure processor is carried out the Genetic Control algorithm, last high-voltage amplifier is applied to the plurality of voltages signal of the optimum that obtains through high-speed figure processor interative computation on each driver on the reflection deformable mirror, the control reflection deformable mirror produces and wavefront from the Beam Wave-Front conjugation of stellar target, proofread and correct the various aberrations of the Beam Wave-Front of stellar target, on the main control computer monitor, just can access stellar target image clearly this moment.
Described Genetic Control algorithm is a kind of genetic algorithm with global optimizing ability, is achieved as follows:
(1) generates the population (individual amount 30-100) that comprises some individualities at first at random, the magnitude of voltage decision that face shape of each individual corresponding respectively distorting lens as resonator end mirrors among the present invention, distoring mirror shape apply on the face driver after by distorting lens;
(2) behind the initialization population, need carry out encoding operation to individuality in the population, coding can pass through binary coding, also can pass through real coding, and the individuality behind the coding is referred to as chromosome.The present invention adopts the coded system of real coding;
(3) behind the coding, calculate the fitness of the correspondence of each minute surface individuality, fitness is to be used for weighing the good degree that each individuality in the population may reach or approach optimum solution, the ideal adaptation degree is big more, just approach optimum solution more, it is selected, and to participate in the later stage interlace operation just big more with the probability of mutation operation, and the light intensity signal that the present invention detects with snowslide secondary light pipe is as the fitness function that will optimize of genetic algorithm;
(4) after each individual fitness is calculated, overall situation genetic algorithm is according to carrying out selection operation with the directly proportional roulette selection mode of fitness, then in the mode that single-point intersects the individuality that is selected in the population is carried out interlace operation in twos according to certain crossover probability (0.5-0.99) again, and then itself carry out mutation operation to the part in the population is individual according to definitive variation probability (0.001-0.9).Selection, intersection and mutation operation are three topmost operations of overall Genetic Control algorithm, and they have determined the global optimizing performance and the convergence capabilities of overall Genetic Control algorithm together;
(5) above 4 steps of the every process of genetic algorithm are carried out once, will produce a new population.The continuous iteration of genetic algorithm is carried out above 4 steps, satisfies predefined termination condition up to algorithm.
Principle of the present invention is: adopt the end mirror of the reflection deformable mirror of plating highly reflecting films system as resonant cavity of solid state laser, reflection deformable mirror is controlled by genetic algorithm, output beam is focused on the focal plane through condenser lens, the objective function that will optimize the signal that detects on the focal plane as genetic algorithm makes distorting lens towards allowing the direction of objective function optimization produce corresponding deflection again.Voltage by each driver on the control reflection deformable mirror, change the surface configuration of distorting lens, produce correspondingly phase compensation amount, compensation fall in the resonator cavity various aberrations, thereby the structure of resonator cavity is changed, suppress higher order mode adaptively and produce, and create the resonator cavity condition that produces basic mode laser that is beneficial to, output beam quality is basic mode laser well.
Principle of the present invention is: the present invention is not needing to utilize under the prerequisite of artificial beacon beam, utilize light that stellar target itself sends as beacon beam, with the avalanche diode on the imaging system focal plane is sensitive detection parts, and the photon information of the beacon beam on the detector is incided in real-time detection; With photon signal as systematic control algorithm, it also is the optimization aim of genetic algorithm, utilize the high-speed figure processor to calculate the needed voltage signal of various wave front aberrations in the distorting lens compensation beacon beam, amplify through high-voltage amplifier again, be applied on each driver of distorting lens, finish closed-loop corrected in real time, wherein main control computer both had been used as the watch-dog of imaging system, for the observation imaging effect, be used for the software of operational management high-speed figure processor again, the calculating of genetic algorithm is then finished in the high-speed figure processor.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
(1) need be when utilizing Hartmann wave front sensor to carry out wavefront measurement based on the typical stellar target imaging compensating ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS of Detection Techniques before the ground wave through Wave-front phase decomposition, wavefront slope calculating, Wave-front phase reconstruct three big processes, computation process is more loaded down with trivial details, as shown in Figure 5, the adaptive optical technique that is based on the picture clearing principle that the present invention adopts, be Detection Techniques before a kind of indirect wave, utilize avalanche diode direct detection photon signal, utilize the strength information of photon signal to carry out closed-loop control again; Thereby the complicated processes of having avoided the measurement wavefront; And the cost of total system also greatly reduces;
(2) existing typical stellar target imaging compensating ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS must guarantee in the system that the position of Hartmann wave front sensor becomes the object-image conjugate relation to place with the position of distorting lens as shown in Figure 4.But, in practice, particularly in large-scale optical system, it is difficult even impossible especially will accurately determining these two conjugate positions, the present invention does not need to measure Wave-front phase, thereby there is no need to guarantee conjugate relation between distorting lens and the detector, simplified system's adjustment process greatly;
(3) avalanche diode that adopts of the present invention utilizes in the high-quantum efficiency of silicon and the snowslide gain to amplify, with respect to general be the photodetector of imaging support with the CCD target surface, have efficiency of light energy utilization height, the advantage that can effectively survey low light level grade celestial body; Relative photomultiplier, the avalanche diode that the present invention adopts has the quantum efficiency advantage of higher again;
(4) the present invention does not need to adopt artificial beacon beam, in conjunction with avalanche diode high-quantum efficiency and highly sensitive advantage, can directly utilize imaging stellar target self as beacon, utilize the light that himself sends as beacon beam, this mode can be eliminated the non-vignetting error such as grade that adopts artificial beacon beam to bring, and has reduced difficulty and the cost that adopts artificial beacon to bring;
(5) the present invention front of avalanche diode on focal plane is provided with an aperture diaphragm, again the strength information of the photon signal that avalanche diode detected as the system optimization function, according to certain metric, if the expansion target of observation is relatively large, just select less diaphragm diameter, if instead the expansion target of observation is less relatively, just select bigger diaphragm diameter, select the diameter of diaphragm targetedly by such mode, can cross effectively and eliminate from the non-vignetting error that waits of the beacon that light wave brought of the different isoplanatic regions of stellar target.So just can guarantee correction wavefront and beacon beam wavefront total conjugated that reflection deformable mirror produces, just can accurately proofread and correct the aberration in the beacon beam, make the stellar target can high-resolution imaging;
(6) reflection deformable mirror of the present invention's employing is the piezoelectric type reflection deformable mirror of plating high reflection film system, and this distorting lens resonance frequency is up to 10 4The Hz level, response time is less than 1 millisecond, displacement resolution can reach the 10nm magnitude, and dynamically stroke range reaches several microns, and it not only can proofread and correct low order aberration, also can proofread and correct higher order aberratons, this has just overcome, and initiatively aberration compensation device space resolution is low such as this class of two piezoelectric deforming mirrors, and the shortcoming that is difficult to proofread and correct higher order aberratons has also overcome some other passive aberration compensation element, as the debug difficulties of phase conjugation device, and the shortcoming that increases system complexity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural drawing of the used distorting lens of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of genetic algorithm for control algolithm of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of existing celestial body imaging compensating ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS;
Fig. 5 is the process that Wave-front phase was measured and restored to existing Hartmann wave front sensor.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is made up of receiving telescope system 13, reflection deformable mirror 4, spectroscope 5, high-speed figure processor 8, high-voltage amplifier 9, main control computer 12, snowslide secondary light pipe 7, image intensifying CCD camera 11, from the light of waiting to observe celestial body, primary mirror 2 by telescopic system 13 receives, secondary mirror 1 with light-ray condensing before primary mirror 2 focuses of telescopic system 13; Light passes 2 one circular holes of primary mirror and focuses on after the primary mirror 2 then, the eyepiece 3 of telescopic system 13 of being reflected again becomes parallel or near parallel light again, light is through after the reflection deformable mirror 4, incide and be divided into two bundles on the spectroscope 5, a branch of focused on and incide by lens 10 be placed on the lens 10 focal plane image intensifying CCD cameras 11, the image information of surveying on image intensifying CCD camera through the built-in image capturing system of main control computer 12 is transferred on the main control computer 12 again, for the observation monitoring, another bundle is focused on the avalanche diode that lens 6 converge in its focal plane 7, the aperture diaphragm 14 that can adjust bore has been placed in avalanche diode 7 fronts, the strength information of the photon signal that aperture diaphragm 14 back avalanche diodes 7 detect is as the fitness function of genetic algorithm, the also objective function that will optimize as genetic algorithm, according to the principle of maximization objective function, high-speed figure processor 8 is used for carrying out the program that control algolithm is a genetic algorithm.Because adopt the high-speed figure processor specially as the performer of algorithm, system bandwidth can be caught up with the speed that aberration changes, so the real-time performance of this system accesses assurance.Last high-voltage amplifier 9 is applied to the plurality of voltages signal of the optimum that obtains through high-speed figure processors 8 interative computations on each driver on the reflection deformable mirror 4, control reflection deformable mirror 4 produces and wavefront from the Beam Wave-Front conjugation of stellar target, proofreaies and correct the various aberrations of the Beam Wave-Front of stellar target.On main control computer 12 monitors, just can access stellar target image clearly this moment.
Main control computer 12 usefulness among the present invention not only are used for the software of operational management high-speed figure processor also as the display device of image supervisory control.Snowslide secondary light pipe 7 has the advantage of low noise, fast-response, high sensitivity, high bandwidth, low cost, can both respond visible light and near infrared light, can effectively survey low light level grade celestial body; The front of avalanche diode 7 is provided with an aperture diaphragm 14 on focal plane, and the strength information of the photon signal that avalanche diode 7 is detected is as the system optimization function again.According to certain metric, if the expansion target of observation is relatively large, just select less diaphragm diameter, if instead the expansion target of observation is less relatively, just select bigger diaphragm diameter, select the diameter of diaphragm targetedly by such mode, can cross effectively and eliminate from the non-vignetting error that waits of the beacon that light wave brought of the different isoplanatic regions of stellar target.Wherein, diaphragm 14 diameter ranges are between tens microns to several millimeters usually.
High-speed figure processor 8 is by the image acquisition part, the control arithmetic section, the D/A conversion portion is formed, image capture module is gathered the photonic data that snowslide secondary light pipe 7 measures in real time, the objective function that will optimize as control algolithm with the strength information of the photon signal that collects, the operation of control arithmetic section high speed iteration can obtain making the digital voltage signal of objective function optimum in real time based on the control algolithm of genetic algorithm; The D/A conversion portion is converted to simulating signal with digital voltage signal again, amplifies through high-voltage amplifier 9, is applied on reflection deformable mirror 1 each driver behind as correcting device before the primary waves.The image intensifying CCD camera 11 that is used for the picture element diagnosis is to have added image intensifier before the CCD target surface, with being coupled to after the figure image intensifying on the CCD target surface, can survey the low light level again, and can both respond visible light and near infrared light.
As shown in Figure 2, reflection deformable mirror of the present invention 4 is the reflective distorting lens of reflection deformable mirror of the continuous mirror surface formula of plating highly reflecting films, and it is mainly by thin mirror surface 41, piezoelectric ceramic actuator 42, substrate 43 and contact conductor 44 compositions.The surface deformation of reflection deformable mirror 4 is to lean on the promotion of minute surface piezoelectric ceramic actuator 43 behind to produce, the displacement resolution of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 43 that adopts is very high, control is very convenient: apply voltage for piezoelectric ceramic actuator 43, utilize inverse piezoelectric effect just can produce displacement.Because the monolithic piezoelectric ceramic sheet also can only produce 0.1~0.2 little next distortion under the voltage of hundreds of volts, so, piezoelectric ceramic actuator 43 is formed by stacking by a lot of piezoelectric ceramic pieces, each potsherd is in parallel and deflection superposes on circuit, so just can increase the deflection of distorting lens 4.Substrate 44 is mainly used to support piezoelectric ceramic actuator 43, one end of a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic actuators links to each other with rigid substrates 44, and the other end links to each other with thin mirror surface 42, and contact conductor 45 is connected on each driver, draw by the through hole on the substrate 44, link to each other with high-voltage amplifier 9.
Principle as the sharpening adaptive optical technique used in the present invention is: do not need to adopt expensive Wavefront sensor to measure the wavefront error of celestial body target, but utilize the picture sharpening index that can reflect wavefront error information as the quality factor of weighing the imaging system imaging capability, control reflection deformable mirror 4 is proofreaied and correct wavefront error, quality factor is reached or near optimum value.If the light beam phase place from stellar target is that (r, θ), the preceding phase place of compensated wave that produces through reflection deformable mirror 4 is that (r, θ), r, θ are the polar coordinates on condenser lens 6 object planes to W2, in order to handle problems conveniently, the object plane radius are normalized to 1 to W1.According to the Fourier diffraction theory, the light intensity signal on the photodetector can be expressed as:
F = I 0 | ∫ 0 2 π ∫ 0 1 1 π exp ( jW 1 ( r , θ ) - jW 2 ( r , θ ) ) rdrdθ | 2 - - - ( 1 )
Wherein, I 0The amount that is directly proportional from the beacon beam power of stellar target, j = - 1 ,
If A=is (a 1, a 2... a k... a n), be each the rank zernike polynomial coefficient that is used for explaining from the beacon beam Beam Wave-Front of stellar target, B=(b 1, b 2... b k... b n) be the zernike polynomial coefficient of the Wave-front phase of reflection deformable mirror 4 generations, the mode of being expressed Wave-front phase by zernike polynomial has:
W1(r,θ)=A.Zk(r,θ) (2)
W2(r,θ)=B.Zk(r,θ) (3)
Make C=(c 1, c 2... c k... c n)=A-B (4)
Then (1) can be written as:
F = I 0 | ∫ 0 2 π ∫ 0 1 1 π exp ( j Σ k = 1 n c k Z k ( r , θ ) ) rdrdθ | 2 - - - ( 5 )
Because zernike polynomial has orthogonality, when | when C| is smaller, have by the Taylor expansion theorem:
F≈I OX?exp(j(|C|)≈I O?X(1-|C| 2) (6)
By (6) formula as can be known, photodetector is that the photon number that detects on the avalanche diode 7 is many more, and light intensity signal F is big more, just shows that aberration correction must be good more.Optimal situation is | C|=O, at this moment, reflection deformable mirror 4 just can produce accurately one with wavefront from the Beam Wave-Front conjugation of stellar target, proofread and correct the various aberrations of introducing because of factors such as atmospheric turbulences fully, fuzzy stellar target can be imaged on the monitor of main control computer 12 clearly.
Shown in Figure 3, genetic algorithm of the present invention is as follows:
(1) genetic algorithm produces an initial population at first at random, and population comprises the initial population of face shape individuality of the reflection deformable mirror 4 of some (general 15-100), each individual face shape of corresponding distorting lens respectively;
(2) behind the initialization population individuality is encoded.Because the method for real coding can improve the operation efficiency of genetic algorithm, improves the complicacy of genetic algorithm, so take the mode of real coding to encode to each face type is individual.Each individual available following form is represented:
V i=[v 1v 2,...,v n] (i=1,2,...,M) (7)
Wherein, V iA minute surface face type individuality in the expression population, corresponding to a chromosome of genetic algorithm, M represents the scale of population; v j(j=1,2 ... n) be real number, representative be the magnitude of voltage that is applied on the reflection deformable mirror 1, on the mathematics implication, they distinguish a gene position of corresponding genetic algorithm again, value is at [v Minv Max] between, v MinRepresent minimum voltage, v MaxRepresent maximum voltage, n is the number of driver on the distorting lens;
(3) behind the coding, calculate the fitness of the correspondence of each minute surface individuality, the photon signal that detects with avalanche diode 7 is as the fitness function of genetic algorithm, the objective function that will optimize as genetic algorithm with this fitness function simultaneously;
(4) after each individual fitness is calculated, according to carrying out selection operation with the directly proportional roulette selection mode of fitness, behind the selection operation, in the mode that single-point intersects the individuality that is selected in the population is carried out the main mode that the interlace operation interlace operation is the new individuality of genetic algorithm generation in twos according to certain crossover probability (being generally 0.5-0.99) again, the mode that the present invention adopts single-point arithmetic to intersect, it produces new individuality by the individual mode that the exchange portion gene takes place of two minute surface face shapes to parent, and two face type individualities establishing the reflection deformable mirror 4 that will intersect are respectively V 1, V 2, then two indicating panel individualities that produce through intersection are:
V 1’=λ1.V 1+λ2.V 2 (8)
V 2’=λ1.V 2+λ2.V 1 (9)
(8), in (9), parameter lambda 1+ λ 2=2 and 0<λ, 1,0<λ 2;
The laggard row variation of interlace operation is operated, and mutation operation is the mode of operation of decision genetic algorithm local search ability, and it is to produce new individual supplementary mode, and the present invention adopts the mode of single-point intersection non-uniform mutation.Specific implementation is as follows: establish the individual V of being of a face type that certain generation makes a variation i=[v 1v 2..., v n], the variation position is V k(k=1,2 ... n), and the new individuality in process variation back is V i'=[v 1v 2..., v n], then new gene position V k' be:
V k’=V k-Δ(t,V k-V min) (10)
(10) in, V MinBe V kDesirable lower limit, the function Δ (t y) returns one in [0, y] interval interior value, and available following formula is described:
Δ(t,y)=y.r(1-t/T) a (11)
(11) in, r is individual random number in [0,1], and T is the total iterations of genetic algorithm, and on behalf of algorithm, t carry out algebraically, and a is a weight factor, and by (11) as can be known, (t y) levels off to zero to Δ when t levels off to T.
(5) genetic algorithm is every through judging whether an algorithm reaches end condition behind fitness calculating, 4 genetic manipulations of selecting, intersect, make a variation, if do not satisfy end condition, then enter into iteration of future generation and calculate, carry out various genetic manipulations again; If satisfy end condition then finish algorithm.

Claims (9)

1、基于像清晰化原理的自适应光学星体目标成像系统,其特征在于包括:接收望远镜系统(13)、反射变形镜(4)、分光镜(5)、高速数字处理机(8)、高压放大器(9)、主控计算机(12)、雪崩二级光管(7)、像增强CCD相机(11),从星体目标来的光经过接收望远镜系统(13)的主镜(2)和次镜(1)后,再被望远镜系统的目镜(3)变成平行或接近平行的光线,这束光线经过反射变形镜(4)后,入射到分光镜(5)上被分成两束,一束被透镜(10)聚焦并入射到放置在透镜(10)焦平面的像增强CCD相机(11)上,再经主控计算机(12)内置的图像采集系统把像增强CCD相机上探测的图像信息传输到主控计算机(12)上,供观测监控;另一束被聚焦透镜(6)汇聚在其焦平面的雪崩二级光管(7)上,把雪崩二级光管(7)探测到的光子信号作为内置在高速数字处理机(8)的控制算法要优化的目标函数,按照最大化目标函数的原则,高速数字处理机(8)执行遗传控制算法,最后高压放大器(9)把经过高速数字处理机(8)迭代运算得到的最优的多路电压信号施加到反射变形镜(4)上的各个驱动器上,控制反射变形镜(4)产生与来自星体目标的光束波前共轭的波前,校正掉星体目标的光束波前的各种像差,此时在主控计算机(12)监视器上就能够得到清晰的星体目标图像。1. An adaptive optics star target imaging system based on the principle of image clarity, characterized in that it includes: a receiving telescope system (13), a reflective deformable mirror (4), a beam splitter (5), a high-speed digital processor (8), a high-voltage Amplifier (9), main control computer (12), avalanche secondary light pipe (7), image intensification CCD camera (11), the light that comes from star object passes through the primary mirror (2) and secondary of receiving telescope system (13) After the mirror (1), the eyepiece (3) of the telescope system becomes parallel or nearly parallel light rays. After passing through the reflective deformable mirror (4), the light beam is incident on the beam splitter (5) and is divided into two beams. The beam is focused by the lens (10) and incident on the image intensified CCD camera (11) placed on the focal plane of the lens (10), and the image detected on the image intensified CCD camera is captured by the built-in image acquisition system of the main control computer (12). The information is transmitted to the main control computer (12) for observation and monitoring; the other beam is converged by the focusing lens (6) on the avalanche secondary light pipe (7) on its focal plane, and the avalanche secondary light pipe (7) is detected The received photon signal is used as the objective function to be optimized by the control algorithm built in the high-speed digital processor (8), according to the principle of maximizing the objective function, the high-speed digital processor (8) executes the genetic control algorithm, and finally the high-voltage amplifier (9) The optimal multi-channel voltage signal obtained through the iterative operation of the high-speed digital processor (8) is applied to each driver on the reflective deformable mirror (4) to control the reflective deformable mirror (4) to generate The wavefront of the yoke corrects the various aberrations of the beam wavefront of the astral object, and now a clear image of the astral object can be obtained on the main control computer (12) monitor. 2、根据权利要求1所述的基于像清晰化原理的自适应光学星体目标成像系统,其特征在于:所述的反射变形镜(4)为镀高反射膜的连续镜面式的反射变形镜,其反射率超过99.9%。2. The adaptive optics star target imaging system based on the principle of image clarity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reflective deformable mirror (4) is a continuous mirror-shaped reflective deformable mirror coated with a highly reflective film, Its reflectivity exceeds 99.9%. 3、根据权利要求1或2所述的基于像清晰化原理的自适应光学星体目标成像系统,其特征在于:所述的反射变形镜(4)主要由薄反射镜面(41),压电陶瓷驱动器(42)、基板(43)和电极引线(44)组成,基板(43)用来支撑压电陶瓷驱动器(42),压电陶瓷驱动器(42)的一端与基板(43)相连,另一端紧靠在薄反射镜面(41),电极引线(44)连接在各个压电陶瓷驱动器(42)上,通过基板(43)上的通孔引出去,与高压放大器(9)相连,为压电陶瓷驱动器(42)产生伸缩从而推动薄反射镜面(41)发生形变提供相应的电压。3. The adaptive optics star target imaging system based on the principle of image clarity according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the reflective deformable mirror (4) is mainly composed of a thin reflective mirror surface (41), piezoelectric ceramics Driver (42), substrate (43) and electrode leads (44), the substrate (43) is used to support the piezoelectric ceramic driver (42), one end of the piezoelectric ceramic driver (42) is connected with the substrate (43), and the other end Close to the thin reflective mirror (41), the electrode lead (44) is connected to each piezoelectric ceramic driver (42), drawn out through the through hole on the substrate (43), and connected to the high-voltage amplifier (9), forming a piezoelectric The ceramic driver (42) expands and contracts to push the thin reflection mirror (41) to deform and provide corresponding voltage. 4、根据权利要求3所述的基于像清晰化原理的自适应光学星体目标成像系统,其特征在于:所述的压电陶瓷驱动器(42)由多片压电陶瓷片叠加而成,各个陶瓷片在电路上是并联的而变形量是叠加的。4. The adaptive optics star target imaging system based on the principle of image clarity according to claim 3, characterized in that: the piezoelectric ceramic driver (42) is formed by stacking multiple piezoelectric ceramic sheets, and each ceramic The slices are connected in parallel on the circuit and the deformations are superimposed. 5、根据权利要求1所述的基于像清晰化原理的自适应光学星体目标成像系统,其特征在于:雪崩二极管(7)前面放置了一个可调整口径的孔径光阑(14),选择光阑的直径,可以有效地过消除来自星体目标不同等晕区的光波所带来的信标非等晕误差。5. The adaptive optics star target imaging system based on the principle of image clarity according to claim 1, characterized in that: an adjustable aperture diaphragm (14) is placed in front of the avalanche diode (7), and the aperture diaphragm (14) is selected. The diameter of the beacon can effectively eliminate the non-isohalo error of the beacon caused by the light waves from the different halo regions of the star target. 6、根据权利要求1所述的基于像清晰化原理的自适应光学星体目标成像系统,其特征在于:所述的遗传控制算法为一种具有全局寻优能力的遗传算法,实现如下:6. The adaptive optics star target imaging system based on the principle of image clarity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the genetic control algorithm is a genetic algorithm with global optimization capability, which is realized as follows: (1)首先随机产生个体数量为15-100的初始种群,每个个体分别对应作为谐振腔端镜的变形镜的一个面形;(1) First randomly generate an initial population of 15-100 individuals, and each individual corresponds to a surface shape of a deformable mirror as a resonator end mirror; (2)初始化种群后,采用实数编码对种群中的个体进行编码;(2) After the population is initialized, the individuals in the population are encoded by using real number coding; (3)编码后,计算每个镜面个体的对应的适应度,以雪崩二级光管(7)探测到的光强信号作为遗传算法的要优化的适应度函数;(3) After encoding, calculate the corresponding fitness of each mirror individual, and use the light intensity signal detected by the avalanche secondary light pipe (7) as the fitness function to be optimized by the genetic algorithm; (4)在各个个体的适应度被计算出来以后,根据与适应度成正比例的轮盘赌选择方式进行选择操作,再按照交叉概率0.5-0.99以单点交叉的方式对种群中被选择出来的个体两两进行交叉操作,然后按照变异概率0.001-0.9对种群中的部分个体本身进行变异操作;(4) After the fitness of each individual is calculated, the selection operation is performed according to the roulette selection method that is proportional to the fitness, and then the selected ones in the population are selected in a single-point crossover method according to the crossover probability of 0.5-0.99. Individuals perform crossover operations in pairs, and then perform mutation operations on some individuals in the population according to the mutation probability of 0.001-0.9; (5)遗传算法经过以上4个步骤执行一次,就会产生一个新的种群,每一个新的种群称为一代,遗传算法不断迭代执行以上4个步骤,直到算法中止条件满足。(5) The genetic algorithm will generate a new population after the above four steps are executed once, and each new population is called a generation. The genetic algorithm will iteratively execute the above four steps until the algorithm termination condition is met. 7、根据权利要求1所述的基于像清晰化原理的自适应光学星体目标成像系统,其特征在于:所述的高速数字处理机(8)由图像采集模块、控制运算部分及D/A转换部分组成,图像采集模块实时采集光电探测器测量到的光子数据,以采集到的数据作为控制算法要优化的目标函数,控制运算部分高速迭代运行基于遗传算法的控制算法,实时得到使目标函数最优的数字电压信号;D/A转换部分再将数字电压信号转换为模拟信号,经过高压放大器(9)放大,施加到作为主要波前校正器件的反射变形镜(4)背后的各个驱动器上。7. The adaptive optics star target imaging system based on the principle of image clarity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-speed digital processor (8) is composed of an image acquisition module, a control operation part and a D/A conversion The image acquisition module collects the photon data measured by the photodetector in real time, and uses the collected data as the objective function to be optimized by the control algorithm. The control operation part runs the control algorithm based on the genetic algorithm iteratively at high speed, and obtains the optimal objective function in real time. Excellent digital voltage signal; the D/A conversion part converts the digital voltage signal into an analog signal, amplifies it through a high-voltage amplifier (9), and applies it to each driver behind the reflective deformable mirror (4) as the main wavefront correction device. 8、根据权利要求1所述的基于像清晰化原理的自适应光学星体目标成像系统,其特征在于:所述的用于像质诊断的像增强CCD相机是在CCD靶面之前加上了像增强器,将图像增强后再耦合到CCD靶面上,能对弱光进行探测,且对可见光和近红外光都能响应。8. The adaptive optics star target imaging system based on the principle of image clarity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the image intensified CCD camera used for image quality diagnosis is added with an image in front of the CCD target surface The intensifier, which intensifies the image and then couples it to the CCD target surface, can detect weak light and respond to both visible light and near-infrared light. 9、根据权利要求1所述的基于像清晰化原理的自适应光学星体目标成像系统,其特征在于:所述的主控计算机(12)既用来作为成像系统的监控设备,供观测成像效果,又用来运行管理高速数字处理机的控制算法。9. The adaptive optics star object imaging system based on the principle of image clarity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main control computer (12) is used as a monitoring device of the imaging system for observing the imaging effect , which is used to run and manage the control algorithms of high-speed digital processors.
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