CN100486728C - High precision spinning forming method for thin wall closing head with radius-thickness ratio less than three per mille - Google Patents
High precision spinning forming method for thin wall closing head with radius-thickness ratio less than three per mille Download PDFInfo
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- CN100486728C CN100486728C CNB2005100103210A CN200510010321A CN100486728C CN 100486728 C CN100486728 C CN 100486728C CN B2005100103210 A CNB2005100103210 A CN B2005100103210A CN 200510010321 A CN200510010321 A CN 200510010321A CN 100486728 C CN100486728 C CN 100486728C
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Abstract
The invention relates to a thin-walled closure head high accuracy spinning forming method. The invention is to resolve the problem of big size closure head, thin wall thickness, high accuracy size and high difficulty of forming. Spinning machine is started to make rolling wheel do axial and circumferential movement along track loaded into program in head while spinning, meanwhile main axle of spinning machine drives core and bar plate to spin. When rolling wheel rolls to the distance of 20mm from edge it quits. The invention has the advantages of simple process and high accurate product.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of spinning forming process of end socket.
Background technology
End socket is the crucial pressure-containing parts of all kinds of pressure vessels and tank, wherein radius-thickness ratio mainly will be applied on the liner and large scale pressure vessel of spacecraft upward pressure container and tank less than 3 ‰ thin-walled vessel head, and its forming technology has significant effects to the pressure vessel manufacturing technology.(Sun Jiazhong, seal head forming and aerospace engineering " forging technology ", nineteen ninety supplementary issue, the 18-20 page or leaf).Traditional pressure vessel head adopts process for stamping production more, process for stamping is produced end socket needs large-tonnage, the hydraulic press of big table top and complete large mold, the production characteristics that are not suitable for space flight pressure vessel head single-piece, small lot and many kinds (are sternly made peace the present state and perspectives that end socket is made." forging technology ", nineteen ninety supplementary issue, the 7-10 page or leaf; Gao Dongmin, rotary pressed head technology." mechanic " (hot-working), 2000 the 7th phases, 16-17 page or leaf).So, since the sixties, adopted spin-on process to produce various end sockets abroad more.For radius-thickness ratio less than 3 ‰ (annotate: original work is called 0.3%) thin-walled vessel head, because its wall is thin and diameter is big, major part is expected in vacant state during spinning, and unstability, wrinkling and cracking very easily take place, also can be because of wall thickness reduction too many and work hardening cause cracking, so the difficulty that is shaped is big.The selection of process parameters scope of this type of end socket of spinning is very narrow, and the spinning passage is many, has the deviation just can all that has been achieved is spoiled slightly, thereby the mould pressing difficulty is bigger, and (Qilu Petrochemical is successfully revolved the ultra-thin major diameter end socket of system.Whole world skill economic and commercial network, 2005-8-16; Yan Huanxing, Liu Huankui, stainless steel thin-wall seal head forming craft discussion.Metal forming machinery, 1992 the 2nd phases, 32-33 page or leaf; Ruan Hongyan, He Zhigang, Yang Jianfei writes, Wang Tedian chief editor, " cold-working panel beating worker ".Chemical Industry Press, in March, 2004,158-159 page or leaf).This just needs low cost of development, high-quality, high-precision mould pressing technology, for relevant pressure vessel manufacturing provides product, and then improves the whole manufacture level of China's pressure vessel and tank.Also can significantly improve the design of pressure vessel tank and the range of choice of expansion matrix mother metal.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is that spacecraft upper cover size is big, wall thickness is thin, dimension precision requirement is high, the shaping difficulty is big in order to solve, particularly radius-thickness ratio is less than 3 ‰ the bigger problem of thin-walled vessel head mould pressing difficulty, provide a kind of radius-thickness ratio less than 3 ‰ thin-walled vessel head high accuracy spin forming method, the present invention only needs an equipment, disposable installation slab just can be finished mould pressing, has forming accuracy height, die cost characteristics low, with short production cycle.The present invention realizes by following steps: one, the selection of core: medium carbon steel that core material selection intensity and hardness are very high or tool steel, one end of core is the plane, the other end of core is the profile dark dish-shaped face consistent with the end socket interior shape, the center of plane one end has a tapered blind hole, this tapered blind hole cooperates with the spinning machine main shaft, be evenly distributed to few two tapped blind holes and one around its tapered blind hole and hide blind hole, tapped blind hole is used for fixing with the spinning machine main shaft, hide blind hole and be used to hide bolt on the main shaft, the position is consistent with the bolt on the main shaft; Dark dish-shaped face top is a spherical crown surface, and the top of its spherical crown surface is processed with the plane of a diameter less than 30mm, and to make things convenient for the fixing of slab, this planar central is evenly distributed to few two blind pin-and-holes, and alignment pin is installed in the inside of blind pin-and-hole, is used for the radial location of slab; Two, the selection of gland: gland is a weldment, the steel alloy that material selection intensity and hardness are very high, one end of gland is a concave spherical surface, the geomery of concave spherical surface is consistent with head contour, have around the center of concave spherical surface with core on the corresponding blind hole of alignment pin, be used to hide the alignment pin on the core; The center of the gland other end has a blind hole, and blind hole is used for cooperating with spinning tail top; Three, carry out the shaping of spherical crown part: be placed on two alignment pins installing the core end after two locating holes are driven at the slab center, start the spinning machine tailstock, tail top and core are clamped slab, coat lubricant to reduce friction at slab near a side of spinning roller, do axially and radial motion along the track of input program in advance when starting spinning machine and make the spinning roller rotation, spinning machine main shaft drive core and slab carry out rotation simultaneously, when spinning roller is screwed into the intersection point of spherical crown part and corner, instruction according to program is withdrawed from automatically, since then, the shear spinning of spherical crown part finishes; Four, carry out the shaping of flange part: at first the spinning machine tailstock is return, gland is enclosed within on the tail top, start the spinning machine tailstock once more, gland and core are clamped slab, and coat lubricant at the outer surface of slab; Starting spinning machine makes axially and radial motion spinning roller along the track of input program in advance in rotation, spinning machine main shaft drive core and slab carry out rotation simultaneously, the rising of this moment revolved a little identical with on last stage end point, make it to withdraw from automatically when spinning roller is screwed into apart from edge 20mm, this moment, the flange part first passage spinning finished; Carry out heat treated to eliminate work hardening with the external lot or luck by which people are brought together orchid of gas welding torch then, treat to coat lubricant after its cooling, then carry out the spinning of second passage, operating process is identical with first passage, it is spinning roller track difference, each passage operating process later on is all identical with second passage, just spinning roller track difference; Five, after forming process is finished, return the spinning machine tailstock, the workpiece that slab is made takes off from core, adopts craft or machining process that workpiece outer rim flange is cut away, and whole seal head forming process finishes.The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: only need an equipment, disposable installation blank just can be finished mould pressing, thereby forming accuracy is very high.The present invention can be shaped radius-thickness ratio less than 3 ‰, wall thickness is smaller or equal to the high accuracy thin-walled large scale end socket of 1mm.According to the characteristics of rotary pressed head, adopt two kinds of different spinning apparatus and parameter during shaping, can prevent the wrinkling of outer rim and cracking effectively.But the end socket of multiple material of the present invention's mould pressing and different-thickness, and die cost is low, produces the preparatory period weak point.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of core 1, Fig. 2 is the structural representation of gland 7, and Fig. 3 is a step 3 spherical crown part spinning schematic diagram, and Fig. 4 is a step 4 flange part spinning schematic diagram, Fig. 5 is spinning process and passage corner model schematic diagram, and Fig. 6 is the general track schematic diagram that revolves of flange part.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: (referring to Fig. 1～Fig. 6) present embodiment realizes by following steps: one, the selection of core 1: medium carbon steel or tool steel that the material selection intensity of core 1 and hardness are very high, one end of core 1 is plane 8, the other end of core 1 is the profile dark dish-shaped face 9 consistent with the end socket interior shape, the center of plane 8 one ends has a tapered blind hole 10, this tapered blind hole 10 cooperates with the spinning machine main shaft, be evenly distributed to few two tapped blind holes 11 and one around its tapered blind hole 10 and hide blind hole 12, tapped blind hole 11 is used for fixing with the spinning machine main shaft, hide blind hole 12 and be used to hide bolt on the main shaft, the position is consistent with the bolt on the main shaft; Dark dish-shaped face 9 tops are spherical crown surface, the top of its spherical crown surface is processed with the plane 14 of a diameter less than 30mm, to make things convenient for the fixing of slab, is evenly distributed to few two blind pin-and-holes 13 around these 14 centers, plane, alignment pin is installed in the inside of blind pin-and-hole 13, is used for the radial location of slab; Two, the selection of gland 7: gland 7 is a weldment, the steel alloy that material selection intensity and hardness are very high, one end of gland 7 is a concave spherical surface 15, the geomery of concave spherical surface 15 is consistent with head contour, have around the center of concave spherical surface 15 with core 1 on the corresponding blind hole 16 of alignment pin, be used to hide the alignment pin on the core; The center of gland 7 other ends has a blind hole 17, and blind hole 17 is used for cooperating with spinning tail top 4; Three, carry out the shaping of spherical crown part: be placed on two alignment pins 5 installing core 1 end after two locating holes are driven at slab 2 centers, start the spinning machine tailstock, tail top 4 and core 1 are clamped slab 2, coat lubricant to reduce friction at slab 2 near a side of spinning roller 6, do axially and radial motion along the track of input program in advance when starting spinning machine and make spinning roller 6 rotations, spinning machine main shaft drive core 1 and slab 2 carry out rotation simultaneously, when spinning roller 6 is screwed into the intersection point of spherical crown part and corner, can withdraw from automatically according to the instruction of program, since then, the shear spinning of spherical crown part finishes; Four, carry out the shaping of flange part: at first the spinning machine tailstock is return, gland 7 is enclosed within on the tail top 4, start the spinning machine tailstock once more, gland 7 and core 1 are clamped slab 2, and coat lubricant at the outer surface of slab 2; Starting spinning machine makes axially and radial motion spinning roller 6 along the track of input program in advance in rotation, spinning machine main shaft drive core 1 and slab 2 carry out rotation simultaneously, the rising of this moment revolved a little identical with on last stage end point, make it to withdraw from automatically when spinning roller 6 is screwed into apart from edge 20mm, this moment, the flange part first passage spinning finished; Carry out heat treated to eliminate work hardening with the external lot or luck by which people are brought together orchid of gas welding torch then, treat to coat lubricant after its cooling, then carry out the spinning of second passage, operating process is identical with first passage, it is spinning roller track difference, each passage operating process later on is all identical with second passage, just spinning roller track difference; Five, after forming process is finished, return the spinning machine tailstock, the workpiece that slab 2 is made takes off from core 1, adopts craft or machining process that workpiece outer rim flange is cut away, and whole seal head forming process finishes.
The specific embodiment two: the material of present embodiment slab 2 is an aluminium alloy.Other method is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment three: the radius of the end socket spherical crown part of present embodiment spinning is that the knuckle radius of SR298mm, flange part is that R87.35mm, end socket diameter are that the high wall thickness for 112mm, end socket of 372.5mm, end socket is 1mm, and dimensional accuracy is ± 0.1mm.Other method is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment four: in present embodiment step 3 and the step 4, the relative feed speed of spinning roller 6 is got 0.1mm/r when spherical crown part spinning, get 0.06～0.1mm/r during flange part spinning, rises to revolve and partly gets big value, gets the small value during near the outer.Other method is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment five: in present embodiment step 3 and the step 4, the track of spherical crown part is consistent with head contour, and the track of flange part is concave arc-straight line.Other method is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment six: in present embodiment step 3 and the step 4, the passage spacing between each passage is 2～3mm, and the passage corner is 1～2 degree, and the passage of front is got big value, and the passage of back gets the small value.Other method is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment seven: in the present embodiment step 4, heating-up temperature is 200～300 ℃.Other method is identical with the specific embodiment one.
Distinguishing feature of the present invention is:
Adopt a simple step have mould spinning method be shaped radius-thickness ratio less than 3 ‰, wall thickness is smaller or equal to 1mm High accuracy thin-walled large-sized aluminium alloy end socket, required cost is low. Difference according to the part deformation mode is adopted With corresponding technological parameter and frock, can effectively control the mould pressing quality. Core cooperates with main shaft Adopt high-precision taper hole to cooperate, be conducive to guarantee circle jumping degree and concentric with main shaft after core 1 is installed Degree. Core 1 contacts with enlarge active surface with slab 2 employing faces and is conducive to clamping work, and adopts two Alignment pin 5 slabs 2 carry out radial constraint, thereby guarantee that slab 2 is subjected to good pact in spinning process The bundle and make plastic deformation smooth. Outside employing outer rim crimp and the measure of increase slab diameter improve The blue rigidity of lot or luck by which people are brought together, and then the generation of control unstability and wrinkling are able to the range of choice of technological parameter Relax. Propose first in spinning process, to adopt the relative feed speed that changes to prevent that the spinning later stage is wrinkling The generation of phenomenon; The spinning roller track adopts concave arc-straight path, and the distortion of marginal portion is steadily reduced Wrinkling trend; The selection at the first passage inclination angle will be decided according to selected slab thickness and theoretical attenuate amount; Determined the range of choice of thin-walled vessel head spinning passage spacing; The choosing of each passage corner of rotary pressed head has been proposed Select principle. The present invention only needs an equipment, but just mould pressing of disposable installation blank, thus avoided Change the inaccurate and problem on deformation in part location that blank causes, guaranteed the dimensional accuracy of part. The present invention Advance be: at first adopt the spherical crown part of a cover rotary pressure process parameter and device head formed by spinning, right Other cover rotary pressure process parameter and the frock spinning flange part of rear employing. Like this, just can guarantee spherical crown section Each technological parameter and frock are conducive to shear spinning when dividing spinning, and the resilience of blank is reduced, and are conducive to base Material pastes mould, also can prevent the wrinkling of outer rim flange; Each technological parameter and frock are favourable during flange part spinning In conventional spinning, make the smooth mould pressing of blank and do not produce wrinkling or the cracking. It is big to have proposed suitable thin-walled The technological parameter of size aluminium alloy rotary pressed head and the principle of selection.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of radius-thickness ratio is less than 3 ‰ thin-walled vessel head high accuracy spin forming method, it is characterized in that it realizes by following steps: one, the selection of core: medium carbon steel that core material selection intensity and hardness are very high or tool steel, one end of core is the plane, the other end of core is the profile dark dish-shaped face consistent with the end socket interior shape, the center of plane one end has a tapered blind hole, this tapered blind hole cooperates with the spinning machine main shaft, be evenly distributed to few two tapped blind holes and one around its tapered blind hole and hide blind hole, tapped blind hole is used for fixing with the spinning machine main shaft, hide blind hole and be used to hide bolt on the main shaft, the position is consistent with the bolt on the main shaft; Dark dish-shaped face top is a spherical crown surface, the top that is fixed on spherical crown surface of slab is processed with the plane of a diameter less than 30mm for convenience, be evenly distributed to few two blind pin-and-holes around this planar central, alignment pin is installed in the inside of blind pin-and-hole, is used for the radial location of slab; Two, the selection of gland: gland is a weldment, the steel alloy that material selection intensity and hardness are very high, one end of gland is a concave spherical surface, the geomery of concave spherical surface is consistent with head contour, have around the center of concave spherical surface with core on the corresponding blind hole of alignment pin, be used to hide the alignment pin on the core; The center of the gland other end has a blind hole, and this blind hole is used for cooperating with spinning tail top; Three, carry out the shaping of spherical crown part: be placed on two alignment pins installing the core end after two locating holes are driven at the slab center, start the spinning machine tailstock, tail top and core are clamped slab, coat lubricant to reduce friction at slab near a side of spinning roller, do axially and radial motion along the track of input program in advance when starting spinning machine and make the spinning roller rotation, spinning machine main shaft drive core and slab carry out rotation simultaneously, when spinning roller is screwed into the intersection point of spherical crown part and corner, instruction according to program is withdrawed from automatically, since then, the shear spinning of spherical crown part finishes; Four, carry out the shaping of flange part: at first the spinning machine tailstock is return, gland is enclosed within on the tail top, start the spinning machine tailstock once more, gland and core are clamped slab, and coat lubricant at the outer surface of slab; Starting spinning machine makes axially and radial motion spinning roller along the track of input program in advance in rotation, spinning machine main shaft drive core and slab carry out rotation simultaneously, the rising of this moment revolved a little identical with on last stage end point, make it to withdraw from automatically when spinning roller is screwed into apart from edge 20mm, this moment, the flange part first passage spinning finished; Carry out heat treated to eliminate work hardening with the external lot or luck by which people are brought together orchid of gas welding torch then, treat to coat lubricant after its cooling, then carry out the spinning of second passage, operating process is identical with first passage, it is spinning roller track difference, each passage operating process later on is all identical with second passage, just spinning roller track difference; Five, after forming process is finished, return the spinning machine tailstock, the workpiece that slab is made takes off from core, adopts craft or machining process that workpiece outer rim flange is cut away, and whole seal head forming process finishes.
2, radius-thickness ratio according to claim 1 is less than 3 ‰ thin-walled vessel head high accuracy spin forming method, and the material that it is characterized in that slab is an aluminium alloy.
3, radius-thickness ratio according to claim 1 is less than 3 ‰ thin-walled vessel head high accuracy spin forming method, the radius that it is characterized in that the end socket spherical crown part of spinning is that the knuckle radius of SR298mm, flange part is that R87.35mm, end socket diameter are that the high wall thickness for 112mm, end socket of 372.5mm, end socket is 1mm, and dimensional accuracy is ± 0.1mm..
4, radius-thickness ratio according to claim 1 is less than 3 ‰ thin-walled vessel head high accuracy spin forming method, it is characterized in that in step 3 and the step 4, the relative feed speed of spinning roller is got 0.1mm/r when spherical crown part spinning, get 0.06～0.1mm/r during flange part spinning, rise to revolve and partly get big value, get the small value during near the outer.
5, radius-thickness ratio according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step 3 and the step 4 less than 3 ‰ thin-walled vessel head high accuracy spin forming method, and the track of spherical crown part be consistent with head contour, and flange track partly is concave arc-straight line.
6, radius-thickness ratio according to claim 1 is less than 3 ‰ thin-walled vessel head high accuracy spin forming method, it is characterized in that in step 3 and the step 4 that the passage spacing between each passage is 2～3mm, the passage corner is 1～2 degree, the passage of front is got big value, and the passage of back gets the small value.
7, radius-thickness ratio according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the step 4 that less than 3 ‰ thin-walled vessel head high accuracy spin forming method heating-up temperature is 200～300 ℃.
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| CNB2005100103210A CN100486728C (en) | 2005-09-12 | 2005-09-12 | High precision spinning forming method for thin wall closing head with radius-thickness ratio less than three per mille |
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| CNB2005100103210A CN100486728C (en) | 2005-09-12 | 2005-09-12 | High precision spinning forming method for thin wall closing head with radius-thickness ratio less than three per mille |
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