CN109794534B - Multi-pass spinning forming method for cylinder with inner ring reinforcing ribs - Google Patents
Multi-pass spinning forming method for cylinder with inner ring reinforcing ribs Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-pass spinning forming method for a cylinder with an inner ring reinforcing rib, which adopts an inner spinning technology combined with a tension spinning technology to realize the rapid forming of the reinforcing rib in an inner spinning mode and solves the problems that a split die is required to be adopted, the cost of the die is high, the production efficiency is low and the like caused by the forming by adopting an outer powerful spinning process; the multi-pass spinning method is adopted, so that the utilization rate of the spinning material in tension is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-pass spinning forming method for a cylinder with an inner ring reinforcing rib, and belongs to the technical field of spinning forming.
Background
The external spinning is a traditional spinning technology, and the cylindrical revolving body part with long length and external reinforcing ribs can be produced by adopting the external spinning technology, so that the external spinning technology has the characteristics of high efficiency, capability of carrying out heating spinning, capability of processing curved generatrix-shaped and conical parts and the like. However, the length of the outer spinning die is required to be longer than that of a product, the manufacturing difficulty is high, the assembly and adjustment precision is low, the production cost is high, most importantly, a split die is required to be adopted for forming the product with the inner annular reinforcing ribs by adopting an outer powerful spinning process, the die needs to be assembled and disassembled again when one product is produced, the production efficiency is extremely low, the method is not suitable for batch production, and the requirements of low cost, high efficiency, high precision and high quality of national defense industrial products cannot be met.
The inner spinning technology is a newer spinning technology, can be used for producing cylindrical revolving body parts with inner annular reinforcing ribs, has the characteristics of high product precision, high yield, high production efficiency and the like, and has certain advancement. However, the length of the die of the internal spinning technology is required to be longer than that of the product, the manufacturing difficulty is high, the assembly and adjustment precision is low, the production cost is high, most importantly, the process can only be used for producing the product with the length within 1m, if the product is too long, the contact area between the outer surface of the workpiece and the die is too large, the friction force is large, the workpiece cannot be demoulded, and the process cannot be applied to the production of large-diameter high-precision long cylindrical parts required by the national defense industrial development.
The existing internal spinning equipment is shown in fig. 10, (wherein, a spinning machine body 01, a core mold 02, a spinning wheel 03, a workpiece 04, a balance wheel mechanism 05, a screw 06, a material pressing ring 07, a spinning wheel arm 08 and a lateral sliding frame 09) adopts a lateral L-shaped cantilever type single-spinning-wheel internal spinning mechanism, the axial and radial feeding of the spinning wheel 03 is realized by driving the L-shaped spinning wheel arm 08 fixedly connected with the lateral sliding frame 09 to move integrally and radially under the driving of a motor, the spinning wheel arm is too long, the single-wheel spinning rigidity is extremely low, automatic centering spinning cannot be realized, the spinning pressure is small, spinning processing of thick-wall hard-forming materials cannot be performed, and the processing of high-precision products cannot be satisfied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a multi-pass spinning forming method for forming long cylindrical parts with a plurality of inner annular reinforcing ribs and within the length of 2m by multi-die and multi-pass spinning by using a group of annular core moulds with different inner diameter sizes and shorter length, which has high efficiency, high precision and low cost.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a multi-pass spinning forming method for a cylinder with an inner ring reinforcing rib is realized by the following steps:
firstly, processing a blank with a straight cylindrical structure and an outward convex process ring at one end,
the spinning blank is designed into a straight cylindrical structure with equal wall thickness and an outward convex process ring at one end, the wall thickness t1 is determined by calculating the total reduction rate of a multi-pass spinning reinforcing rib section and a skin section, the length of the blank is obtained by comprehensively calculating the product according to the volume invariance principle and considering the reserved process allowance, and the outer diameter phi D of the blank isiniAnd determining according to parameters such as the outer diameter of the final product, the number of used dies, the spinning expansion amount of each die, the gap between the outer surface of the blank with the final thickness and the inner surface of the first-pass die and the like.
The specific process is as follows:
a1.1, determining the final thickness t1 of the blank and the number n of multi-pass spinning passes,
distributing the thinning rate of each pass of skin section and reinforcing rib section, wherein the distribution principle is that the thinning rate of each pass of skin section does not exceed the limiting thinning rate, and the thinning rate of each pass of reinforcing rib section is not lower than 12 percent so as to ensure that the section is fully expanded and attached to the die when the pass is spun, on the premise of combining the wall thickness of the skin section and the inner reinforcing rib section of the product and the quantity of spinning passes, reversely deducing and calculating the thickness of a blank required by each section, improving the thinning rate of the skin section of each pass, reducing the thinning rate of the reinforcing rib section of each pass until the thickness of the blank is unified, determining the thickness t1 of the blank, and determining the quantity of multiple spinning passes according to the distribution condition of the thinning rate, the times required by the forming of the blank with;
a1.1.1, determining the thickness of the blank during the last spinning according to the thickness of the final product of the barrel with the inner ring reinforcing ribs and the distribution principle of the reduction ratios of the skin section and the reinforcing rib section, wherein the distribution principle of the reduction ratios of the skin section and the reinforcing rib section is that the reduction ratio of the skin section does not exceed the limit reduction ratio, and the reduction ratio of the reinforcing rib section is not lower than 12%;
a1.1.2, determining the thickness of the blank in the ith pass of spinning according to the determined thickness of the blank in the ith pass of spinning and the distribution principle of the thinning rates of the skin section and the reinforcing rib section, and repeating the step until the thickness of the blank is uniform, wherein i is n, n-1 and … 2;
a1.2, determining the theoretical length L of the blank,
according to the structure of the final product of the cylinder with the inner ring reinforcing rib and the blank thickness t1 determined in the step A1.1, the theoretical length L of the blank is calculated according to the principle that the spinning volume is unchanged, a mounting and positioning allowance is reserved at one end of a convex process ring of the blank, and a process allowance is reserved at the other end of the convex process ring, so that the product precision is prevented from being seriously influenced by the deformation of a mouth part; generally, the installation positioning allowance is about 40mm, and the process allowance is 20-40 mm.
A1.3, determining the outer diameter phi D of the blank by using a formula (1)ini，
Wherein phi DfinThe outer diameter of the final product of the cylinder body with the inner ring reinforcing rib is measured, n is the number of multi-pass spinning passes, ξiSpinning expansion diameter amount of each pass of die, and forming a gap between the outer surface of the blank with the final thickness and the inner surface of the first pass of die; wherein the spinning expansion is related to the physical property of the material and is determined by experiment, and the final thicknessThe clearance between the outer surface of the blank and the inner surface of the first primary die is 0.4-0.6 mm.
A1.4, determining the inner diameter of each-pass mold, and manufacturing each-pass mold;
and determining the inner diameter of the die in each pass according to the determined thickness and outer diameter of the blank in each pass.
Processing: the seamless pipe purchased from a manufacturer is processed into a preset size and shape by a turning method, one end with the convex process ring requires that both side surfaces of the connecting ring have higher verticality relative to the outer surface of the blank, and the excircle of the other end can be chamfered, so that the blank is convenient to mount.
The requirements of the blank processing size and precision can be as follows, and can also be adjusted according to specific requirements:
the thickness of the convex process ring is as follows: typically 6 mm;
outer diameter of the convex process ring: outer diameter of blank phi D +12mm
Perpendicularity of two side surfaces of the convex process ring relative to the outer surface of the blank: typically 0.1mm
Wall thickness tolerance: typically 0.2mm
Diameter tolerance: typically 0.3 mm.
Secondly, performing stress relief treatment on the blank;
and a stress removing treatment process is selected for specific materials, so that the strength of the materials is reduced, and the spinning requirement is met.
Thirdly, determining a spinning track,
designing the forming modes of the rotary section, the positioning section, the skin and reinforcing rib transition section and the reinforcing rib section in each pass, designing the reduction rate and the reduction of the rotary pressing of each section, completing the design of the rotary pressing track and determining the forming process.
The specific process is as follows:
a3.1, forming each pass screwing section in an internal spinning mode, namely, keeping a traction mechanism still and moving a spinning wheel to the direction of a main shaft;
the length and the process of the screwing-in section are known technologies of an internal spinning process, the following process can also be adopted, the screwing-in point of the first pass is arranged in the die and is 10mm to the end surface of the die, the track form is 15mm long, the screw-in starting point rolling reduction is-0.5 mm, the screw-in terminal point reaches the slope form of the positioning section rolling reduction, the screw-in section track forms of all the passes are consistent, but the screw-in point of each pass moves 1mm to the end surface of the die compared with the previous pass;
a3.2, forming each pass positioning section in an internal spinning mode;
the length and the process of the positioning section are known technologies of an internal spinning process, the length can also be 30mm, the pressing amount is consistent with the pressing amount of the first section of the product, tension spinning is started after the positioning section is spun, namely the axial position of the spinning wheel is fixed, and a traction mechanism pulls the blank to move according to a set speed along the direction opposite to the main shaft;
a3.3, adopting a straight line track for each pass of skin section, determining the rolling reduction according to the thickness required to be achieved in the pass and the spinning rebound quantity, wherein the spinning rebound quantity is determined through test and grope, calculating the length of the skin section by reverse pushing of the product pass by pass according to the volume invariance principle, and the actual length is 2-5mm longer than the calculated length so as to eliminate the influence caused by the wall thickness difference of the blank;
a3.4, adopting a slope track for each pass of skin section and the reinforcing rib transition section, wherein the length of the slope track is always kept unchanged, adopting a circular interpolation fitting track when the sharp points at two sides of the reinforcing rib are provided with circular chamfer angles, and enabling the reduction of the slope section to be consistent with that of the reinforcing rib section;
and A3.5, adopting a straight track for each reinforcing rib section, determining the rolling reduction according to the thickness required to be achieved in the pass and the spinning rebound quantity, wherein the spinning rebound quantity is determined through test groping, and the reinforcing rib section length is obtained through the step-by-step reverse-thrust calculation of the product according to the volume invariant principle.
Fourthly, multi-pass spinning is carried out,
mounting a blank, designing a spinning program on the basis of a spinning track, moving a traction mechanism to a preset spinning position, starting spinning, and programming the spinning program on the basis of the spinning track to automatically execute actions such as material ejection, pre-rotation, spinning along the preset track, stopping and the like; before each-pass spinning, hoisting a spinning blank or semi-finished product between a traction mechanism and a die, pressing an outward convex process ring on the end surface of the traction mechanism by a pressing ring, putting the blank or semi-finished product into the die until the axial central line of the blank or semi-finished product is flush with the end surface of the die, and adjusting and fixing the axial position of the blank or semi-finished product by the pressing ring to realize radial and axial positioning;
the specific spinning process is as follows:
a4.1, mounting the blank on a traction mechanism of a spinning device through a pressing ring, mounting a first-pass secondary die at the front end of an inner cavity of a die transmission cylinder, and driving the blank to move axially by the traction mechanism to enable the front end of the die to be pressed tightly with the pressing ring;
a4.2, processing a screwing-in section,
the traction mechanism is axially static, the rotary wheel mechanism moves towards the direction of the main shaft, and an inward rotation process is adopted to process a rotation entering section;
a4.3, processing a positioning section,
the traction mechanism is axially static, the rotary wheel mechanism axially moves towards the direction of the main shaft, and a positioning section is processed by adopting an internal rotation process according to a first section structure of a final product of the cylinder body with the inner ring reinforcing ribs;
a4.4, processing a skin section or a reinforcing rib section,
the spinning wheel mechanism is axially static, the traction mechanism pulls the blank to axially move along the direction opposite to the main shaft, and the spinning wheel mechanism adopts an internal spinning process and a tension spinning process to process a skin section or a reinforcing rib section;
a4.5, processing a transition section of a skin reinforcing rib,
the transition section of the skin reinforcing rib adopts a slope track, the spinning wheel mechanism is axially static, the traction mechanism pulls the blank to axially move along the direction opposite to the main shaft, and the spinning wheel mechanism adopts an internal spinning process and a tension spinning process to process the transition section of the skin reinforcing rib;
a4.6, repeating the steps A4.4 and A4.5 according to the final structure of the cylinder with the internal ring reinforcing ribs until the cylinder with the internal ring reinforcing ribs is formed in one pass;
a4.7, replacing the die of the next pass, and repeating the steps A4.2-A4.7 until the spinning of each pass is completed;
and mounting the blank or the semi-finished product, designing a spinning program on the basis of the spinning track of each pass, moving the traction mechanism to a preset spinning position, and starting the spinning of the pass. And after the spinning program is executed, the workpiece is detached, the next-pass die is replaced to perform the next-pass spinning until the spinning is finished, and the next-pass spinning is performed after the one-pass spinning is completed batch by batch in batch production. In the spinning process, the blank is drawn by a traction mechanism to realize axial tension, and the spinning wheel arranged on the spinning wheel arm feeds in the radial direction to realize internal spinning; the blank mounting part of the traction mechanism adopts a bearing, so that the blank can rotate along with a die under the action of friction force of the contact between the blank and the die after being mounted, and meanwhile, the traction mechanism is hollow and used for a rotary wheel arm to pass through, so that two axial movements are realized on the same axis; the traction mechanism is driven by a servo motor arranged on the feeding box through a lead screw, so that the precise and programmable control of the axial position and the movement speed can be realized; the rotary wheel arm is arranged on the rotary arm seat and is driven by a servo motor arranged on the feeding box through a screw rod, so that the accurate and programmable control of the axial position and the movement speed can be realized.
And fifthly, machining and heat treating the cylinder body which is formed by the fourth step of multi-pass spinning and is provided with the inner ring reinforcing rib.
Turning: after the product is aligned by taking the outer diameter as a reference, the allowance at two ends is cut off, and special structures such as holes, grooves and the like are processed, so that the product meets the design requirement.
And (3) heat treatment: and selecting a final heat treatment process aiming at specific materials to ensure that the heat treatment state of the product meets the design requirement.
The internal spinning device comprises a spindle box, a die transmission cylinder, a spinning wheel mechanism, a traction mechanism, a material pressing ring and a numerically-controlled machine tool body, wherein the spinning wheel mechanism comprises a spinning wheel head mechanism, a spinning wheel radial feeding structure, a spinning wheel arm, a spinning arm seat and an axial feeding structure, the traction mechanism comprises a traction mechanism rotor, a traction mechanism rotor bearing, a traction mechanism seat and a traction mechanism axial feeding structure, the die transmission cylinder is arranged on the numerically-controlled machine tool spindle, a die is arranged at the front end of an inner cavity of the die transmission cylinder, the traction mechanism rotor is arranged in the traction mechanism seat through the traction mechanism rotor bearing, the traction mechanism seat is arranged on a guide rail of the numerically-controlled machine tool body, a blank is arranged on the traction mechanism rotor through the material pressing ring, the traction mechanism seat realizes axial movement through the traction mechanism axial feeding structure, the rear end of the spinning wheel arm is fixedly connected with the spinning arm seat, the rotary wheel radial feeding structure is arranged in an inner cavity of the rotary wheel arm, the rotary wheel head mechanism is connected with the rotary wheel radial feeding structure, and the rotary arm seat is arranged on a guide rail of the numerical control machine tool body and is connected with the axial feeding structure.
The spinning roller head mechanism comprises a spinning roller head main body, a wedge and three groups of spinning roller assemblies which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, each spinning roller assembly comprises a support rolling element, a spinning roller, a connecting rod and a connecting rod shaft, the spinning roller head main body is fixedly connected with the front end of a spinning roller arm, the wedge is of a triangular wedge-shaped structure in cross section, one end of the connecting rod is connected with the support rolling element, the other end of the connecting rod is connected onto the spinning roller head main body through the connecting rod shaft, the spinning roller is installed in the middle of the connecting rod, the support rolling element is pressed on an inclined plane of the wedge, and the rear end of the wedge is fixedly connected.
The cross section of the wedge iron is in a regular triangle shape, and three vertexes are rounded.
And adjacent connecting rods in the rotary wheel head mechanism are connected through springs.
The axial feeding structure comprises an axial feeding lead screw and an axial feeding driving motor.
The traction mechanism axial feeding structure comprises a traction mechanism axial feeding lead screw and a traction mechanism axial feeding driving motor.
The rotary wheel radial feeding structure comprises a rotary wheel radial feeding lead screw and a rotary wheel radial feeding driving motor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts the inner spinning technology and the tension spinning technology, realizes the rapid forming of the reinforcing rib by the inner spinning mode, and solves the problems of split dies, high die cost, low production efficiency and the like caused by forming by adopting an outer power spinning process;
(2) the invention adopts the multi-pass spinning method to improve the utilization rate of the spinning material in tension and reduce the production cost;
(3) according to the invention, the multi-pass spinning of the long cylindrical part with the length within 2m can be formed by only adopting the shorter annular core mold, so that the manufacturing difficulty and the manufacturing cost of the long cylinder mold are greatly reduced, the problems of low rigidity and low use precision of the long mold are avoided, the assembling and adjusting difficulty of the mold is reduced, the use precision is improved, and the guarantee is provided for forming a high-precision product;
(4) the invention solves the difficult problems of the matching design of the original tension inner spinning belt inner annular reinforcing rib cylinder and the mold set and the difficult problems of the position and the shape control of the reinforcing rib, reduces the process risk and the difficulty of accurately forming the inner annular reinforcing rib in multiple passes, reduces the material cost and improves the product quality;
(5) the product has strong interchangeability, can be used for spinning forming of the long cylinder body with the internal circumferential reinforcing rib, and can integrally form the long cylinder body with the internal circumferential reinforcing rib by the process, and has good comprehensive performance, high forming precision and low cost;
(6) the invention adopts spinning equipment to realize two axial movements on the same axis, provides a movement space for the composite process of internal spinning and tension spinning by adopting the traction mechanism, realizes that the traction mechanism and the spinning wheel mechanism of the internal spinning move coaxially and independently, and provides guarantee for realizing the composite spinning process;
(7) the spinning equipment adopts a special 120-degree symmetrical three-spinning-wheel structure, and the spinning wheel head mechanism can automatically center and obtain balanced stress under the conditions that the length of a spinning arm reaches 2m and the powerful spinning pressure reaches more than ten tons, so that the rigidity of a spinning system is greatly improved;
(8) the spinning equipment adopts a cluster type cantilever structure with a built-in radial driving system on the overall design, and solves the problems of more functional parts and narrow working space of a spinning wheel mechanism;
(9) according to the spinning equipment, the wedge iron is matched with the spinning wheel assembly, so that the axial and radial motion capable of being accurately controlled is converted into the radial motion of the spinning wheel head, and the accurate numerical control of the radial feeding of the spinning wheel is realized, so that the accurate axial and radial motion conversion of the spinning wheel in a narrow space is realized, and the accurate control of the radial feeding amount of the spinning wheel is met;
(10) the spinning equipment adopts the spinning roller seat as the integral axial moving carrier of the spinning roller head mechanism and the spinning roller arm, can realize the digital and accurately controlled axial feeding movement, realizes the integration of the axial and radial feeding functions of the spinning roller on the same mechanism, and provides guarantee for realizing the axial feeding in the internal spinning process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a manufacturing process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the construction of the blank of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the cylinder with the inner ring reinforcing ribs according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a spinning apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the spinning roller mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the combination of the spinning roller mechanism and the pulling mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a rotary head structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the wedge and spinning roller assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a spinning track according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a conventional internal spinning apparatus.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and accompanying drawings.
Processing the cylinder body with the inner ring reinforcing ribs as shown in FIG. 3, wherein the manufacturing length L1 is 1300mm, the length L2 is 150mm, the length L3 is 175mm, the length L4 is 480mm, and the length L5 is 380 mm; the thickness T1 is 10mm, T2 is 6mm, T3 is 10mm, T4 is 6mm, and T5 is 10 mm; the outer diameter phi D1 is 550mm, and the material is 5A06 aluminum alloy.
The processing technology is as shown in figure 1 and is realized by the following steps:
1. blank design
The spinning blank 5 is designed into an equal-wall-thickness and straight-barrel-shaped structure with a convex process ring at one end as shown in figure 2, the wall thickness t1 is determined by calculating according to the total reduction rate of each of a multi-pass spinning reinforcing rib section and a skin section, the length of the blank is obtained by comprehensively calculating a product according to the volume invariance principle and considering the reserved process allowance, and the outer diameter phi D of the blank isiniAccording to the external diameter of the final product, the number of the used dies, the spinning expansion of each die, the external surface of the initial blank and the internal surface of the first pass dieAnd determining parameters such as surface clearance and the like.
The specific process is as follows:
(1) and distributing the thinning rate of the skin section 505 and the reinforcing rib section 503 of each pass, wherein the thinning rate of the skin section 505 of each pass does not exceed the limiting thinning rate, and the thinning rate of the reinforcing rib section 503 of each pass is not lower than 12% so as to ensure that the section is fully expanded and attached to the mold during the spinning of the pass, on the premise of the above, the thickness of the blank required by each section is calculated by combining the wall thickness of the skin section 505 and the inner reinforcing rib section 503 of the product and the reverse pushing of the number of the spinning passes, the thinning rate of the skin section of each pass is improved, and the thinning rate of the reinforcing. According to the thickness T1-T5 of each section of the product, the difference between the thickness of the skin section 505 and the thickness of the reinforcing rib section 14 is 4mm, the limit reduction rate of 5A06 aluminum alloy during internal rotation is within 40%, the thickness of single reduction is generally not more than 5mm, and the reduction amount is more than 12%, the expansion fit mold can be realized, the reverse pushing method design is adopted, finally the spinning skin section 505 is spun from 9.5mm to 6mm, the reduction rate is 35%, the reinforcing rib section 503 is spun from 12mm to 10mm, and the reduction rate is 16.7%; performing reverse second spinning, namely spinning the skin section 505 to 9.5mm from 14mm, reducing the thickness by 32.1%, spinning the reinforcing rib section 503 to 12mm from 14mm, reducing the thickness by 14.3%, unifying the blank thickness, considering that the material utilization rate is improved, and increasing one spinning step, namely spinning from 18mm to 14mm, so that the unified thickness t1 of the blank 5 is finally determined to be 18mm, the reduction rate distribution principle is met, and the number of spinning passes is determined to be 3;
(2) according to the structure of a final product and the determined thickness t1 of the blank, calculating the theoretical length of the blank 5 to be 590mm according to the principle that the spinning volume is unchanged, reserving a 40mm length allowance at one end of the outward protruding technological ring for installation and positioning, reserving a 20-40mm technological allowance at the other end of the outward protruding technological ring, and preventing the mouth part from deforming violently to influence the product precision, so that the length L of the blank is determined to be 660mm, and the total length of the blank 5 is 666mm by adding the length of the outward protruding technological ring.
(3) Outer diameter of blank phi DiniThe method is mainly characterized in that four parameters of the outer diameter size of a final product, the number of dies, the spinning expansion and diameter of each die and the clearance between the outer surface of a blank with the final thickness and the inner surface of a first-pass die are determined by the following formula:
in the formula phi Dfinξ for the outer diameter of the final product, n is the track numberiFor each die, the number of dies, i.e. the number of times of pass, is 3, the spinning expansion amount is related to the physical properties of the material and is 0.3mm, and the gap between the outer surface of the initial blank and the inner surface of the first pass die is 0.4, so that the outer diameter phi D of the blank is 0iniThe design is phi 548.7 mm.
(4) Blank processing: the seamless pipe purchased from a manufacturer is processed into a preset size and shape by a turning method, one end with the convex process ring requires that both side surfaces of the connecting ring have higher flatness precision, and the excircle of the other end is chamfered by 2 multiplied by 30 degrees, so that the blank installation is convenient.
The machining size and precision of the blank 5 are as follows:
the thickness of the convex process ring is as follows: 6 mm;
outer diameter of the convex process ring: the outer diameter of the blank is phi D +12 mm;
flatness of two sides of the convex process ring: 0.1 mm;
wall thickness tolerance: 0.2 mm;
diameter tolerance: 0.3 mm.
(5) And (5) processing the die in each pass.
2. Stress relieving treatment
According to the relevant standard specification of the aluminum alloy heat treatment, the blank 5 is subjected to heat treatment by adopting the following heat treatment system so as to reduce the strength of the blank 5 and meet the spinning requirement:
and (3) heat treatment equipment: the temperature control precision of the aluminum alloy heat treatment furnace is not more than +/-5 mm;
a heating mode: heating along with the furnace;
and (3) heat preservation temperature: 320 ℃;
and (3) heat preservation time: 1.5 h;
a cooling mode: cooling the mixture to 260 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging the mixture out of the furnace.
3. Spinning track design
Designing a spinning track as shown in fig. 9, designing forming modes of a spinning section 501, a positioning section 502, a skin section 505, a skin and reinforcing rib transition section 504 and a reinforcing rib section 503 of each pass, designing the reduction rate and the rolling reduction of each section of spinning, completing the design of the spinning track, and determining the forming process.
The specific process is as follows:
(1) each pass of screwing-in section 501 is formed in an internal spinning mode, namely a traction mechanism is not moved, a spinning wheel moves towards the direction of a main shaft, a first pass of screwing-in point is arranged in a die and is 10mm away from the end face of the die, the track form is 15mm long, the screw-in starting point screw-down amount is-0.5 mm, the screw-in terminal point reaches the slope form of the screw-down amount of a positioning section, the track form of each pass of screwing-in section is consistent, but the screw-in starting point of each pass moves 1mm towards the end face of the die compared with the previous pass;
(2) each pass of positioning section 502 is formed by adopting an internal spinning mode, the length is 30mm, the rolling reduction is consistent with the rolling reduction of the first section of the product, the first section is a skin section because reinforcing ribs are not formed in the first pass, the first sections of the other two passes are reinforcing rib sections 503, tension spinning is started after the positioning section is spun, the axial position of a spinning wheel is not moved, and a traction mechanism pulls a blank to move according to a set speed in the direction opposite to a main shaft;
(3) each pass of skin section 505 adopts a linear track, the reduction is determined according to the thickness required to be achieved and the spinning rebound quantity of the pass, wherein the first pass of spinning rebound quantity is determined to be 0.4mm through test and search, the second pass of spinning rebound quantity is 0.32mm, the third pass of spinning rebound quantity is 0.25mm, the reduction is respectively 4.4mm, 4.32mm and 4.25mm, the length of each pass of skin section is calculated by back-pushing the product pass by pass according to the volume invariance principle, and the actual length is 2-5mm greater than the calculated length so as to eliminate the influence caused by the wall thickness difference of the blank;
(4) the skin section and the reinforcing rib transition section 504 of each pass adopt slope tracks, the length of the slope tracks is always kept unchanged, circular interpolation fitting tracks are adopted when circular chamfer angles are arranged at the sharp points on the two sides of the reinforcing rib 503, and the pressing amounts of the skin section and the reinforcing rib transition section 504 are consistent with that of the reinforcing rib section 503;
(4) the reinforcing rib sections 503 of each pass adopt straight line tracks, the reduction is determined according to the thickness to be achieved and the spinning rebound quantity of the pass, wherein the spinning rebound quantity of the second pass is determined to be 0.22mm through test and groping, the spinning rebound quantity of the third pass is 0.2mm, the reduction is respectively 2.22mm and 2.2mm, and the length of the reinforcing rib section 14 is calculated by back-pushing the product pass by pass according to the volume invariance principle.
4. Multiple pass spinning
And (3) mounting the blank 5 obtained by the stress removing treatment according to the step (2) on spinning equipment, and performing composite spinning according to the spinning track determined in the step (3).
The spinning equipment is as shown in figure 4, and comprises a spindle box 1, a die transmission cylinder 2, a spinning wheel mechanism, a traction mechanism 9, a material pressing ring 10 and a numerically-controlled machine tool body 11, wherein the die transmission cylinder 2 is installed on the spindle of the numerically-controlled machine tool, a die 3 is installed at the front end of an inner cavity of the die transmission cylinder 2, and the spinning wheel mechanism and the traction mechanism 9 are installed on the numerically-controlled machine tool body 11.
As shown in fig. 6, the drawing mechanism 9 includes a drawing mechanism rotor 901, a drawing mechanism rotor bearing 902, a drawing mechanism seat 903, a drawing mechanism axial feed screw 904, and a drawing mechanism axial feed driving motor 905, the drawing mechanism rotor 901 is installed in the drawing mechanism seat 903 through the drawing mechanism rotor bearing 902, the drawing mechanism seat 903 is installed on a guide rail of the numerically-controlled machine tool body 11, the blank 5 is installed on the drawing mechanism rotor 901 through a material pressing ring 10, and the drawing mechanism seat 903 realizes axial movement through the drawing mechanism axial feed screw 904 and the drawing mechanism axial feed driving motor 905.
The spinning wheel mechanism is shown in fig. 5 and 6 and comprises a spinning wheel head mechanism 4, a spinning wheel radial feed screw 12, a spinning wheel radial feed driving motor 13, a spinning wheel arm 6, a spinning arm seat 7, an axial feed screw 14, a feed box 8 and an axial feed driving motor 15, wherein the feed box 8 is fixed at the tail end of a machine body 11 of the numerical control machine tool, the axial feed driving motor 15 is installed in the feed box, and the center line of the feed box coincides with the center line of a machine tool spindle; the swing arm seat 7 is arranged on a guide rail of a numerical control machine tool body 11, the central line of the swing arm seat is superposed with the central line of a machine tool main shaft, and the swing arm seat 7 is connected with the feeding box 8 through an axial feeding screw 14 and can be driven by numerical control programming to enable the swing arm seat 7 to do axial feeding motion with accurately controlled speed and position; the rotary wheel arm 6 is fixed on the rotary arm seat 7 through a screw, the central line of the rotary wheel arm is superposed with the central line of the machine tool spindle, the rotary wheel arm is divided into a plurality of sections which are connected by bolts, the interior of the rotary wheel arm is hollow, and is used for placing a rotary wheel radial feed driving motor 13 and can be detached and maintained at the section; a rotary wheel radial feed driving motor 13 is fixed at one end of the inner cavity of the rotary wheel arm 6 close to the rotary wheel head mechanism 4; one end of a rotary wheel radial feed screw 12 is fixedly connected with the rotary wheel head mechanism 4, and the other end of the rotary wheel radial feed screw is arranged in the inner cavity of the rotary wheel arm 6 through a rotary wheel radial feed driving motor 13 and can drive the rotary wheel radial feed screw 12 to move through numerical control programming.
The spinning wheel head mechanism 4 is composed of three groups of spinning wheel components, spinning wheel head main bodies 406 and wedges 401 which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, each group of spinning wheel components comprises a supporting rolling body 402, a spinning wheel 403, a connecting rod 404 and a connecting rod shaft 405, the spinning wheel head main bodies 406 are fixedly connected with spinning wheel arms 6 through screws, the spinning wheels 403 are connected to the spinning wheel head main bodies 406 through the connecting rods 404 and the connecting rod shafts 405, and springs are connected between the adjacent connecting rods 404 and have the function of keeping the spinning wheels to be shrunk in a natural state; the rotary wheel radial feed screw 12 is connected with one end of the wedge 401. The connecting rod 404 has a three-rod structure, and is used to connect and support the rolling body 402 and the roller head body 406, and transmit the axial movement of the wedge 401 to the roller 403.
As shown in fig. 8, the wedge 401 has a triangular wedge structure with a regular triangle cross section, three vertexes are rounded, so as to effectively prevent motion interference between adjacent supporting rolling bodies 402, the wedge 401 is placed inside the spinning roller head main body 406 and between three connecting rods, and is connected with a servo motor placed inside a spinning arm through a radial feed screw 12 of the spinning roller, and the servo motor drives the screw to rotate, so as to drive the wedge 10 to move axially; when the wedge 401 moves axially, 3 inclined planes contact with the supporting rolling body 402 connected with the front end of the connecting rod 404 to realize radial movement of the spinning wheel 403, the axial movement amount of the wedge 401 and the radial feeding amount of the spinning wheel 403 can be subjected to mathematical calculation to form a certain proportional relation, and the proportional relation is reflected in numerical control program control, so that numerical control program control of radial feeding of the spinning wheel 403 is realized.
In the spinning process, the blank 5 is drawn by the drawing mechanism 9 to realize axial tension, and the spinning wheel 403 arranged on the spinning wheel arm 6 realizes internal spinning; the installation part of the blank 5 on the traction mechanism 9 adopts a bearing, so that the blank 5 can rotate along with the die 3 under the action of the friction force of the contact between the blank 5 and the die 3 after being installed, meanwhile, the traction mechanism 9 is hollow and used for the rotating wheel arm 6 to pass through, and two axial movements are realized on the same axis; the traction mechanism 9 is driven by a servo motor arranged on the feeding box 8 through a lead screw, so that the precise and programmable control of the axial position and the movement speed can be realized; the rotary wheel arm 6 is arranged on the rotary arm seat 7 and is driven by a servo motor arranged on the feeding box 8 through a lead screw, so that the accurate and programmable control of the axial position and the movement speed can be realized.
During operation, the blank 5 is pressed on the traction mechanism 9 through the material pressing ring 10 in a screwing mode, a spinning program is designed on the basis of a spinning track, the traction mechanism 9 is moved to a preset spinning starting position, and spinning is started. And after the spinning program is executed, detaching the workpiece.
The specific process is as follows:
(1) before each-pass spinning, hoisting a spinning blank or semi-finished product between a traction mechanism and a die, pressing an outward convex process ring on the end surface of the traction mechanism by a pressing ring, putting the blank or semi-finished product into the die until the axial central line of the blank or semi-finished product is flush with the end surface of the die, and adjusting and fixing the axial position of the blank or semi-finished product by the pressing ring to realize radial and axial positioning;
(2) the spinning program is programmed on the basis of the spinning track of each pass to automatically execute actions such as material ejection, pre-rotation, spinning along a preset track, stopping and the like, and the basic process parameters are as follows:
the main shaft rotating speed of each pass is as follows: 100 r/min;
the internal rotation feeding speed of each pass of the rotation entering section is as follows: 60 mm/min;
the internal rotation feeding speed of each pass positioning section is as follows: 80 mm/min;
traction speed of each pass: 80 mm/min.
(3) Executing a spinning program to start spinning;
(4) and after the program is executed, tightly hanging the product by using a crane, disassembling the pressing ring, disassembling the product, replacing the die for next spinning, and repeating the processes until the final product is spun.
5. Machining
And aligning the product by taking the outer diameter as a reference, and then cutting off the allowance at two ends to ensure that the product meets the design requirement.
6. Thermal treatment
According to the relevant standard specification of the aluminum alloy heat treatment, the blank 5 is subjected to heat treatment by adopting the following heat treatment system so as to reduce the strength of the blank 5 and meet the spinning requirement:
and (3) heat treatment equipment: the temperature control precision of the aluminum alloy heat treatment furnace is not more than +/-5 mm;
a heating mode: heating along with the furnace;
and (3) heat preservation temperature: 320 ℃;
and (3) heat preservation time: 1.5 h;
a cooling mode: cooling the mixture to 260 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging the mixture out of the furnace.
The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-pass spinning forming method for a cylinder with an inner ring reinforcing rib is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, processing a blank with a straight cylindrical structure and an outward convex process ring at one end,
secondly, performing stress relief treatment on the blank;
thirdly, determining the spinning track of each pass according to the blank thickness of each pass obtained in the first step,
the spinning track of each pass comprises a spinning section, a positioning section, a skin section, a reinforcing rib section and a skin reinforcing rib transition section;
fourthly, multi-pass spinning is carried out,
a4.1, mounting the blank processed in the second step on spinning equipment,
the spinning equipment comprises a spindle box (1), a die transmission cylinder (2), a spinning wheel mechanism, a traction mechanism (9), a material pressing ring (10) and a numerical control machine tool body (11), wherein a blank (5) is installed on the traction mechanism (9) through the material pressing ring (10), a first die is installed at the front end of an inner cavity of the die transmission cylinder (2), and the traction mechanism drives the blank to move axially so that the front end of the die is pressed with the material pressing ring;
a4.2, processing a screwing-in section,
the traction mechanism is static, the rotary wheel mechanism moves towards the direction of the main shaft, and an inward rotation process is adopted to process a rotation entering section;
a4.3, processing a positioning section,
the traction mechanism is axially static, the rotary wheel mechanism axially moves towards the direction of the main shaft, and a positioning section is processed by adopting an internal rotation process according to a first section structure of a final product of the cylinder body with the inner ring reinforcing ribs;
a4.4, processing a skin section or a reinforcing rib section,
the spinning wheel mechanism is axially static, the traction mechanism pulls the blank to axially move along the direction opposite to the main shaft, and the spinning wheel mechanism adopts an internal spinning process and a tension spinning process to process a skin section or a reinforcing rib section;
a4.5, processing a transition section of a skin reinforcing rib,
the transition section of the skin reinforcing rib adopts a slope track, the spinning wheel mechanism is axially static, the traction mechanism pulls the blank to axially move along the direction opposite to the main shaft, and the spinning wheel mechanism adopts an internal spinning process and a tension spinning process to process the transition section of the skin reinforcing rib;
a4.6, repeating the steps A4.4 and A4.5 according to the final structure of the cylinder with the internal ring reinforcing ribs until the cylinder with the internal ring reinforcing ribs is formed in one pass;
a4.7, replacing the die of the next pass, and repeating the steps A4.2-A4.7 until the spinning of each pass is completed;
and fifthly, machining and heat treating the cylinder body which is formed by the fourth step of multi-pass spinning and is provided with the inner ring reinforcing rib.
2. The multi-pass spinning forming method for the cylinder with the inner ring reinforcing ribs according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the first step of blank design is achieved by the following steps,
a1.1, determining the final thickness t1 of the blank and the number n of multi-pass spinning passes,
a1.1.1, determining the thickness of the blank during the last spinning according to the thickness of the final product of the cylinder with the inner ring reinforcing ribs and the distribution principle of the reduction ratios of the skin section and the reinforcing rib section, wherein the distribution principle of the reduction ratios of the skin section and the reinforcing rib section is that the reduction ratio of the skin section does not exceed the limit reduction ratio, and the reduction ratio of the reinforcing rib section is not lower than 12%;
a1.1.2, determining the thickness of the blank in the ith pass of spinning according to the determined thickness of the blank in the ith pass of spinning and the distribution principle of the thinning rates of the skin section and the reinforcing rib section, and repeating the step until the thickness of the blank is uniform, wherein i is n, n-1 and … 2;
a1.2, determining the theoretical length L of the blank,
calculating the theoretical length L of the blank according to the structure of the final product of the cylinder with the inner ring reinforcing rib and the thickness t1 of the blank determined in the step A1.1 and the principle that the spinning volume is unchanged, wherein an installation positioning allowance is reserved at one end of a convex process ring of the blank, and a process allowance is reserved at the other end of the convex process ring of the blank;
a1.3, determining the outer diameter phi D of the blank by using a formula (1)ini，
Wherein phi DfinThe outer diameter of the final product of the cylinder body with the inner ring reinforcing rib is measured, n is the number of multi-pass spinning passes, ξiSpinning expansion diameter amount of each pass of die, and forming a gap between the outer surface of the blank with the final thickness and the inner surface of the first pass of die;
and A1.4, determining the inner diameter of the die in each pass, and manufacturing the die in each pass.
3. The multi-pass spinning forming method for the cylinder with the inner ring reinforcing ribs according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the number n of the multi-pass spinning passes in the step A1.1 is 2-4.
4. The multi-pass spinning forming method for the cylinder with the inner ring reinforcing ribs according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: step A4.1, the spinning wheel mechanism comprises a spinning wheel head mechanism (4), a spinning wheel radial feeding structure, a spinning wheel arm (6), a spinning arm seat (7) and an axial feeding structure, a traction mechanism (9) comprises a traction mechanism rotating body (901), a traction mechanism rotating body bearing (902), a traction mechanism seat (903) and a traction mechanism axial feeding structure, a mold transmission cylinder (2) is arranged on a main shaft of the numerical control machine tool, a mold (3) is arranged at the front end of the inner cavity of the mold transmission cylinder (2), the traction mechanism rotating body (901) is arranged in the traction mechanism seat (903) through the traction mechanism rotating body bearing (902), the traction mechanism seat (903) is arranged on a guide rail of a lathe bed (11) of the numerical control machine tool, a blank (5) is arranged on the traction mechanism rotating body (901) through a material pressing ring (10), and the traction mechanism seat (903) realizes axial movement through the traction mechanism axial feeding structure, the rear end of the rotary wheel arm (6) is fixedly connected with the rotary arm seat (7), the front end of the rotary wheel arm is fixedly connected with the rotary wheel head mechanism (4), the rotary wheel radial feeding structure is installed in the inner cavity of the rotary wheel arm (6), the rotary wheel head mechanism (4) is connected with the rotary wheel radial feeding structure, and the rotary arm seat (7) is installed on a guide rail of a numerically-controlled machine tool body (11) and is connected with the axial feeding structure.
5. The multi-pass spin forming method for the cylinder with the inner ring reinforcing ribs according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the spinning roller head mechanism (4) is composed of a spinning roller head main body (406), a wedge iron (401) and three groups of spinning roller assemblies which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, each group of spinning roller assembly comprises a supporting rolling body (402), a spinning roller (403), a connecting rod (404) and a connecting rod shaft (405), the spinning roller head main body (406) is fixedly connected with the front end of a spinning roller arm (6), the wedge iron (401) is of a triangular wedge-shaped structure in cross section, one end of the connecting rod (404) is connected with the supporting rolling body (402), the other end of the connecting rod (404) is connected onto the spinning roller head main body (406) through the connecting rod shaft (405), the spinning roller (403) is installed in the middle of the connecting rod (404), the supporting rolling body (402) is pressed on an inclined plane of the wedge iron (401), and the rear end of the wedge iron.
6. The multi-pass spin forming method for the cylinder with the inner ring reinforcing ribs according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cross section of the wedge iron (401) is in a regular triangle shape, and three vertexes are rounded.
7. The multi-pass spin forming method for the cylinder with the inner ring reinforcing ribs according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the adjacent connecting rods (404) in the rotary wheel head mechanism (4) are connected through springs.
8. The multi-pass spin forming method for the cylinder with the inner ring reinforcing ribs according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the axial feeding structure comprises an axial feeding lead screw (14) and an axial feeding driving motor (15).
9. The multi-pass spin forming method for the cylinder with the inner ring reinforcing ribs according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the traction mechanism axial feeding structure comprises a traction mechanism axial feeding lead screw (904) and a traction mechanism axial feeding driving motor (905).
10. The multi-pass spin forming method for the cylinder with the inner ring reinforcing ribs according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the rotary wheel radial feeding structure comprises a rotary wheel radial feeding lead screw (12) and a rotary wheel radial feeding driving motor (13).
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| DE102005057945A1 (en) * | 2005-12-05 | 2007-06-21 | Reichhardt, Hans H. | Production of pipe sections and tubular workpieces formed with a protrusion in the cylindrical inner contour comprises deforming in only one clamp with only one counter roller spinning step |
| CN102078895B (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2012-08-01 | 西北工业大学 | Method for forming large complex thin-wall shell with circumferential inner ribs |
| BR112014004814A2 (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2017-03-28 | Victaulic Co Of America | spin formation method |
| CN104858286B (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-03-08 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | A kind of spinning machine |
| CN104858285B (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-03-29 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | A kind of spin-on process |
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