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CN100457331C - Method for mouldless directly mfg. of parts and mould - Google Patents

Method for mouldless directly mfg. of parts and mould Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100457331C
CN100457331C CNB2005101205527A CN200510120552A CN100457331C CN 100457331 C CN100457331 C CN 100457331C CN B2005101205527 A CNB2005101205527 A CN B2005101205527A CN 200510120552 A CN200510120552 A CN 200510120552A CN 100457331 C CN100457331 C CN 100457331C
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laser
mould
plasma
layer
forming
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CN1792513A (en
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张海鸥
王桂兰
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Wuhan Yufeng Technology Industry Development Co ltd
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A technology for directly manufacturing part and mould without mould includes such steps as designing 3D CAD model of a part, tomographic processing to obtain the data of each layer, planning the route to generate the numeral control codes of each layer, and using numeral controlled plasma thermo-welding spray gun or argon arc welding gun to thermo-weld the alloy, intermetal compound, ceramal, or ceramic wire or powder for shaping layer by layer while combining the plasma arc or argon arc with laser beam. It has high speed and low cost.

Description

The direct manufacture method of no mould of part and mould
Technical field
The invention belongs to the part method for fast mfg.
Background technology
The direct metal part is made the international forward position that (Direct Rapid Metal Manufacturing) become the RP technical research fast, has occurred the multiple method of directly making metal parts fast at present.Wherein, can obtain the high method of density mainly contain powerful laser near-net forming technology (LaserEngineering Net-Shaping, LENS), electron beam deposition technology, plasma deposition method etc.See H.Muller, J.Sladojevic.Rapid tooling approaches for small lotproduction of sheet-metal parts, Journal of Material ProcessingTechnology, 2001,115:97-103; Wang Huaming. metal material laser surface modification and high-performance metal part laser fast forming Research progress. aviation journal, 2002,23 (5): 473-478.The LENS method is to adopt high power laser successively will deliver to fusion of metal powder on the substrate, and rapid solidification finally forms workpiece, and the density of workpiece is higher than the selective laser sintering method.But problems such as there is not high, the inaccessible full density of forming efficiency in this technology, equipment investment is big, surface accuracy is not high.The electron beam deposition method adopts powerful electron-beam melting dusty material, applies electromagnetic field according to computer model, and the motion of control electron beam successively scans until the whole part shaping and finishes.Yet its process conditions are strict, need carry out in a vacuum, cause forming dimension to be restricted, the equipment manufacturing cost costliness.The metal dust that the beam-plasma fusing that it is good that the plasma deposition method is employing high compression, convergence is supplied with synchronously, on substrate, successively pile up the technology that forms metal parts or mould, have than LENS method and electron beam deposition method forming efficiency height, be easy to obtain full density, characteristics such as equipment cost is low are seen Bai Peigang, Shi Yuhong, Cheng Jun etc. three-dimensionally shaped welding Rapid Manufacturing Technology, solder technology, 1998 (6): 39-40.But the forming accuracy of this technology is not high, when the high part of deposition forming required precision, is to improve precision to adopt micro arc plasma, but its energy shortage, and needs to improve the stability and the convergence of arc column.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the direct manufacture method of no mould of a kind of part and mould, in forming process with beam-plasma and low-power laser Shu Fuhe, both can bring into play plasma arc deposition forming efficient height, easily obtain full density, advantage that cost is low, can bring into play the higher strong point of the better laser forming precision of convergence again.
The direct manufacture method of no mould of a kind of part of the present invention and mould comprises the steps: (1) requirement according to part forming, the three-dimensional CAD model of design elements; (2), three-dimensional CAD model is carried out slicing treatment according to part shape and dimension precision requirement; (3) carry out path planning according to the characteristics of individual-layer data and every layer of shape, generate the every layer of required numerical control code that is shaped; (4) adopt the plasma deposition spray gun of numerical control, with the silk material or the powder of alloy, intermetallic compound, cermet or pottery, on substrate according to every layer numerical control code deposition forming; (5) in the deposition forming process, that plasma arc and laser beam is compound, make laser beam focus on the zone of beam-plasma effect; (6) according to above-mentioned steps (3)~(5) deposition forming successively, reach the requirement of accessory size shape until formed body.
The direct manufacture method of no mould of described part and mould, can be in forming process or after the shaping end, with ultrasonic wave, dry type spark machined, milling or laser ablation formula method, formula fine finishining is removed on the formed body surface, or carry out surface treatment with laser and plasma, to reach required surface quality.
The compound laser beam of the direct manufacture method of no mould of described part and mould and plasma arc can be CO 2The laser beam that laser instrument, YAG solid state laser or Q-switched laser send, CO 2The mean power of laser instrument, YAG solid state laser or Q-switched laser is in the 1000w.
The present invention is mutually compound with laser beam with beam-plasma in forming process, promptly make laser beam focus on the zone of beam-plasma effect in the coaxial of beam-plasma or a side, materials such as metal that will be higher than material melting point such as existing paper, photosensitive resins, intermetallic compound successively are melted on the substrate.The present invention is that the plasma deposition method of feature is melted on the matrix stack shaping successively with a shaping powder or a silk material apace with high efficiency, densification, low cost; Compound low-power laser bundle in forming process, for deposition forming increases shaping heat energy,, in plasma arc, add laser the magnetic compression effect of plasma arc is strengthened to obtain fine and close and the good formed body of structure property, arc column is compressed, and forming accuracy improves.In forming process or after the end that is shaped, according to the requirement of product surface quality and the surface condition of accumulation horizon, sometimes need the fine finishining of surface removal formula to be carried out on the formed body surface with ultrasonic wave, dry type spark machined, milling or laser, or carry out surface treatment with laser and plasma, to reach required surface quality.
The present invention keeps plasma deposition shaping cost low, forming efficiency height, formed body are easy to reach the advantage of full density, and generally are shaped under the atmospheric environment condition, and only additional low-power laser bundle when being shaped, equipment and operating cost are lower than laser cladding and electron beam forming technique.Therefore, adopt the present invention can obtain the part or the mould of the good high-melting-point materials such as metal of organization mechanics performance and surface quality fast, at low cost.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: at first adopt plasma deposition (built-up welding) spray gun of numerical control,, use the Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy wire according to the requirement of part forming, on substrate according to the digitlization shaping path deposition forming that obtains by three-dimensional CAD model; Secondly be the laser beam that the YAG solid state laser of 50w sends with power, with the transferred arc electric current be that the plasma arc of 150A is compound, reach to make the plasma column compression, improve the purpose of forming accuracy.In order to reach required forming height, can repeatedly carry out by above-mentioned steps, until reaching requirement for height.
Embodiment 2: according to the requirement of part forming, adopting Co-based alloy powder, according to the digitlization deposition forming path that is obtained by three-dimensional CAD model, is the plasma arc of 120A and the Q-switch laser bundle combined shaping that power is 150w with the transferred arc electric current on substrate.Repeatedly carry out by above-mentioned steps, successively deposition forming reaches desired height.
Embodiment 3: adopting the intermetallic Ni-Al compound powder, according to the digitlization deposition forming path that is obtained by three-dimensional CAD model, is the plasma arc of 180A and the Q-switch laser Shu Fuhe that power is 200w, successively deposition forming with the transferred arc electric current on substrate; Secondly, in forming process or after the end that is shaped, adopt Q-switch laser, carry out laser surface and remove the thin fine finishining that declines, to improve surface quality to formed body surface front illuminated.
Embodiment 4: according to the requirement of part forming, employing metal-ceramic composite powder end, on substrate,, be the plasma arc of 180A and the Q-switch laser bundle combined shaping that power is 400w with the transferred arc electric current according to the digitlization deposition forming path that obtains by three-dimensional CAD model.Repeatedly carry out by above-mentioned steps, successively deposition forming reaches desired height.

Claims (3)

1. the direct manufacture method of no mould of part and mould comprises the steps: (1) requirement according to part forming, the three-dimensional CAD model of design elements; (2), three-dimensional CAD model is carried out slicing treatment according to part shape and dimension precision requirement; (3) carry out path planning according to the characteristics of individual-layer data and every layer of shape, generate the every layer of required numerical control code that is shaped; (4) adopt the plasma deposition spray gun of numerical control, with the silk material or the powder of alloy, intermetallic compound, cermet or pottery, on substrate according to every layer numerical control code deposition forming; (5) in the deposition forming process, that plasma arc and laser beam is compound, make laser beam focus on the zone of beam-plasma effect; (6) according to above-mentioned steps (3)~(5) deposition forming successively, reach the requirement of accessory size shape until formed body.
2. the direct manufacture method of no mould of part as claimed in claim 1 and mould, it is characterized in that in forming process or be shaped finish after, with ultrasonic wave, dry type spark machined, milling or laser ablation formula method, formula fine finishining is removed on the formed body surface; Or carry out surface treatment with laser and plasma, to reach required surface quality.
3. the direct manufacture method of no mould of part as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and mould, it is characterized in that with the compound laser beam of plasma arc be CO 2The laser beam that laser instrument, YAG solid state laser or Q-switched laser send, CO 2The mean power of laser instrument, YAG solid state laser or Q-switched laser is in the 1000w.
CNB2005101205527A 2005-12-28 2005-12-28 Method for mouldless directly mfg. of parts and mould Active CN100457331C (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103203664B (en) * 2013-04-11 2015-07-29 温州大学 A kind of endoporus finishing method of selective laser melting Prototyping Metal Parts

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CN101259526B (en) * 2007-07-31 2011-02-16 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 Non die-casting type digitalization fast manufacturing method
GB2472783B (en) * 2009-08-14 2012-05-23 Norsk Titanium Components As Device for manufacturing titanium objects
CN102268506B (en) * 2011-07-06 2013-03-27 华中科技大学 Method for preparing nodular cast iron
CN102962451A (en) * 2012-10-22 2013-03-13 华中科技大学 Electromagnetic flexible composite deposition direct preparation forming method of multifunctional gradient component
CN103358017B (en) * 2013-07-15 2015-05-27 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 High-precision three-dimensional rapid manufacturing composite laser processing method and processing system
US10543549B2 (en) 2013-07-16 2020-01-28 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Additive manufacturing system for joining and surface overlay
CN105312570B (en) * 2014-06-05 2017-09-26 华中科技大学 A kind of increment manufacture method for part or mould
CN104439884A (en) * 2014-11-27 2015-03-25 南京先进激光技术研究院 Mould three-dimensional rapid forming and repairing method based on reverse engineering
CN104493493B (en) * 2014-12-30 2017-02-22 深圳市圆梦精密技术研究院 Multi-axis milling and laser melting composite 3D printing apparatus
CN105773072A (en) * 2015-12-30 2016-07-20 北京航科精机科技有限公司 Method for additive manufacturing of complex metal part through sheet layer overlaying
CN105773073A (en) * 2015-12-30 2016-07-20 北京航科精机科技有限公司 Method for manufacturing complex metal part by combining additive manufacturing with milling
CN105945281B (en) * 2016-05-09 2019-04-12 华中科技大学 The deposition forming machining manufacture of part and mold
CN105834428B (en) * 2016-05-30 2017-10-31 重庆理工大学 A kind of laser three-D method for quickly forming and manufacturing that powder is carried based on the differential of the arc
CN106041073A (en) * 2016-06-03 2016-10-26 施卫东 Metal additive manufacturing method and device adopting plasma beam deposition direct shaping
CN106077901A (en) * 2016-07-01 2016-11-09 南京航空航天大学 Electric arc based on hot-work die failure site increases material manufacture method
CN106270491A (en) * 2016-09-18 2017-01-04 广东工业大学 A kind of cermet particles and preparation method and application
CN106694872A (en) * 2016-11-18 2017-05-24 华中科技大学 Compound additional material manufacturing method applicable to parts and dies
CN106735967B (en) * 2016-11-21 2018-10-23 湘潭大学 A kind of method of ultrasonic vibration assistant electric arc increasing material manufacturing control shape control
CN106738505A (en) * 2016-12-02 2017-05-31 哈尔滨工业大学 A kind of manufacture method of the composite material shaping mould with composite construction
CN107262930B (en) * 2017-06-27 2019-07-23 广东工业大学 A kind of molten product of electric arc forges the method and device thereof of compound rapid forming part with laser-impact
CN107470619A (en) * 2017-07-12 2017-12-15 北京煜鼎增材制造研究院有限公司 A kind of increasing material manufacturing method of metal parts
CN107570707A (en) * 2017-10-27 2018-01-12 广东汉邦激光科技有限公司 Plasma increases the 3D printing equipment of material and laser cutting
CN108103500A (en) * 2017-12-22 2018-06-01 西安交通大学 A kind of stretching prestressing force cermet die casting and preparation method thereof
CN108098113A (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-01 南京理工大学 High-frequency impulse control formula electric arc robot increasing material manufacturing method
CN109746443A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-05-14 华中科技大学 A kind of method of parallel control part deformation and precision during increasing material manufacturing
CN110434563B (en) * 2019-08-22 2021-08-27 西安智圣通雕塑工程有限公司 Manufacturing process of seamless welding sculpture

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CN103203664B (en) * 2013-04-11 2015-07-29 温州大学 A kind of endoporus finishing method of selective laser melting Prototyping Metal Parts

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