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CN100443178C - 一种乙烯低聚的催化剂组合物及其应用 - Google Patents

一种乙烯低聚的催化剂组合物及其应用 Download PDF

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CN100443178C
CN100443178C CNB2006100572542A CN200610057254A CN100443178C CN 100443178 C CN100443178 C CN 100443178C CN B2006100572542 A CNB2006100572542 A CN B2006100572542A CN 200610057254 A CN200610057254 A CN 200610057254A CN 100443178 C CN100443178 C CN 100443178C
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oligomerization
ethylene oligomerization
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chromium
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CN101032695A (zh
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张宝军
姜涛
李建忠
邢立华
宁英男
孙淑坤
匡洞庭
孙永成
韩云光
陈谦
陈洪侠
张德顺
李玉龙
张永军
苑慧敏
王斯晗
王桂芝
张婧元
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于乙烯低聚的催化剂组合物及其应用,它包括铬化物a、含P和N的配体b、活化剂c和促进剂d;其中a为乙酰丙酮铬、四氢呋喃氯化铬和/或异辛酸铬;b的通式为见右式,R1、R2、R3、R4为苯基、苯甲基或萘基;R5为异丙基、丁基、环丙基、环戊基、环己基或芴基;c为甲基铝氧烷,乙基铝氧烷,丙基铝氧烷和/或丁基铝氧烷;d的通式为X1R6X2,中X1,X2为F、Cl、Br、I或烷氧基,R6为烷基或芳香基;a、b、c和d的摩尔比为1∶0.5~10∶50~3000∶0.5~10;将四种组分在氮气环境下混合10分钟后,加入反应釜中或将四种组分直接加入反应釜中,通入乙烯进行低聚反应,反应温度为30~200℃;反应压力为0.5~20.0MPa;时间为0.1~2小时;该催化剂用于乙烯低聚制1-辛烯,具有催化剂活性高、1-辛烯选择性高等特点,催化活性大于1.0×106g产品·mol-1Cr·h-1,C8线性α-烯烃的质量百分含量>70%。

Description

一种乙烯低聚的催化剂组合物及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种采用铬化物a、含P和/或N的配体b、烷基铝c以及一种促进剂d组成的催化体系,用于乙烯低聚的乙烯低聚的催化剂组合物及其应用。
技术背景
众所周知,1-辛烯、1-己烯等线性α-烯烃是重要的化工产品和中间体,广泛用于聚乙烯共聚单体、增塑剂醇、香精香料、合成润滑油及油品添加剂等领域。1-辛烯、1-己烯用做共聚单体可明显改善聚乙烯的密度,提高其抗撕裂和拉伸强度等机械性能。用做增塑剂醇时,可以使聚乙烯制品的低温柔软性、加工性、室外耐候性更好,尤其适用于制造电缆电线、汽车配件或装饰件等。
尽管1-辛烯在化学工业中具有重要的应用价值,但目前还没有乙烯低聚高选择性合成1-辛烯的技术。传统的乙烯齐聚技术得到的产物的碳数分布符合Schulz-Flory分布,这种分布使齐聚产物中1-辛烯的含量不可能太高。例如US6184428公开了一种镍催化剂,采用硼化合物为助催化剂,可以催化乙烯齐聚得到线性α-烯烃的混合物,其中1-辛烯的含量占19%。SHOP工艺(US3676523、US3635937)使用相似的催化体系,齐聚产物中1-辛烯的含量占11%。其它典型的乙烯齐聚工艺,如海湾石油公司的Chevron工艺(DE1443927)、乙基公司(BP/Amoco,US3906053)的乙烯齐聚工艺中1-辛烯的含量一般为13~25%。铬系催化剂体系主要用于乙烯三聚,1-辛烯的含量很少(<3%)。最近报道的铁系催化剂(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1998,120:7143;Chem.Commun.1998,849;WO 99/02472)用于乙烯齐聚,得到的齐聚产物也呈宽分布,其1-辛烯的含量也较低(<20%)。WO2004/05647的乙烯四聚工艺中,1-辛烯的含量最高只有69.3%。
发明内容
本发明的目的是选择有利于四个分子的乙烯在相互成直角的铬的四个配位键上配位,从而有利于四个分子乙烯的自聚而选择性地生成1-辛烯,因此催化剂具有活性高,1-辛烯选择性好,而副产物聚乙烯少的催化剂组合物。
本发明涉及的用于乙烯低聚的铬催化剂体系,是含有以下组分的组合物:
(1)铬化物a:为乙酰丙酮铬、四氢呋喃氯化铬和/或异辛酸铬;
(2)含P和N的配体b:通式:
Figure C20061005725400041
R1、R2、R3、R4为苯基、苯甲基、芴基或萘基;
R5为异丙基、丁基、环丙基、环戊基或环己基;
(3)活化剂c:为甲基铝氧烷、乙基铝氧烷、丙基铝氧烷和/或丁基铝氧烷;
(4)促进剂d:通式为X1R6X2;X1、X2为F、Cl、Br、I或烷氧基;R6为烷基或芳香基。
可以将a、b、c和d四种组分在氮气下混合10分钟后,加入反应釜中,通入乙烯进行低聚反应;也可以将a、b、c和d四种组分直接加入反应釜中,通入乙烯进行低聚反应,反应温度为30~200℃,优选为30~90℃,更优选为30~70℃;反应压力为0.5~20.0MPa,优选为1~10MPa,更优选为2~6MPa;时间为0.1~2小时,优选为0.3~1小时,更优选为0.5~0.7小时。
a∶b∶c∶d的摩尔比为1∶0.5~10∶50~3000∶0.5~10。
乙烯低聚反应主要在惰性溶剂中进行,可选择的溶剂包括烷烃、芳烃、卤代烃或烯烃。典型的溶剂包括,但不限于苯、甲苯、二甲苯、异丙苯、正庚烷、正己烷、甲基环己烷、环己烷、1-己烯、1-辛烯、离子液体等。
本发明的主要优点和效果:
本发明的铬系催化剂,由于有促进剂的作用,有利于四个分子的乙烯在相互成直角的铬的四个配位键上配位,从而有利于四个分子乙烯的自聚而选择性地生成1-辛烯,因此催化剂具有活性高,1-辛烯选择性好,而副产物聚乙烯少的特点,催化活性大于1.0×106g产品·mol-1Cr·h-1,C8线性α-烯烃的质量百分含量>70%。
具体实施方式
实施例1
1、制备(二苯基)磷氮(环丙基)磷(二苯基)配体
在经N2充分置换的带搅拌的100mL反应器中加入经脱水处理的二氯甲烷(20mL),三乙胺(3.75mL),二苯基氯化磷(1.326mL,7.2mmol),降温至0℃,缓慢加入环丙胺(3.6mmol),搅拌反应30min后升至室温继续反应12小时,过滤、干燥得到产物(0.87g,56.6%)。
2、催化剂的制备
在经N2充分置换的带搅拌的100mL反应器中加入经脱水处理的甲苯(10mL),按a∶b∶c∶d=1∶0.5∶300∶1的比例依次加入1.4mol/L的甲基铝氧烷甲苯溶液c,(二苯基)磷氮(环丙基)磷(二苯基)b,异辛酸铬a,1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷d,室温反应10min后备用。
3、乙烯低聚
500mL的高压釜加热到抽真空2小时,经氮气置换数次后充入乙烯,降温到预定温度,加入经脱水处理的甲苯(200mL)及上述催化剂,在40℃、5.0MPa的压力下进行低聚反应,反应30min后用冰浴降温、卸压,用质量分数为10%的酸化乙醇终止反应。得到低聚产物22.8g,催化剂活性为2.13×106g低聚物/mol Cr.h。见附表1。
实施例2
1、制备(二苯基)磷氮(环戊基)磷(二苯基)配体
在经N2充分置换的带搅拌的100mL反应器中加入经脱水处理的二氯甲烷(20mL),三乙胺(3.75mL),二苯基氯化磷(1.326mL,7.2mol),降温至0℃,缓慢加入环戊基胺(0.415mL,3.5mmol)。搅拌反应30min后升至室温继续反应12小时。过滤、干燥得到产物(0.55g,32.68%)。
2、催化剂的制备
在经N2充分置换的带搅拌的100mL反应器中加入经脱水处理的环己烷(10mL),按a∶b∶c∶d=1∶0.5∶50∶0.5的比例依次加入1.4mol/L的甲基铝氧烷甲苯溶液c,(二苯基)磷氮(环戊基)磷(二苯基)b,四氢呋喃氯化铬a,1,1,2,2-四溴乙烷d室温反应5min后备用。
3、乙烯低聚
500mL的高压釜加热到抽真空2小时,经氮气置换数次后充入乙烯,降温到预定温度,加入经脱水处理的环己烷(200mL)及上述催化剂。在30℃、6.0MPa的压力下进行低聚反应,反应20min后用冰浴降温、卸压,用质量分数为10%的酸化乙醇终止反应。得到低聚产物49.4g催化剂活性为1.70×106g低聚物/mol Cr.h。见附表1。
实施例3
1、制备(二苯基)磷氮(芴基)磷(二苯基)配体
在经N2充分置换的带搅拌的100mL反应器中加入经脱水处理的二氯甲烷(20mL),三乙胺(3.75mL),二苯基氯化磷(1.326mL,7.2mol),降温至0℃,缓慢加入芴胺(0.652g,3.6mmol)。搅拌反应30min后升至室温继续反应12小时。过滤、干燥得到产物(0.48g,24.3%)。
2、催化剂的制备
在经N2充分置换的带搅拌的100mL反应器中加入经脱水处理的环己烷(10mL),按a∶b∶c∶d=1∶1∶200∶3的比例依次加入丙基铝氧烷c,(二苯基)磷氮(芴基)磷(二苯基)b,乙酰丙酮铬a,1,2-二甲氧基乙烷d,室温反应5min后备用。
3、乙烯低聚
500mL的高压釜加热到抽真空2小时,经氮气置换数次后充入乙烯,降温到预定温度,加入经脱水处理的苯(200mL)及上述催化剂。在200℃、2.0MPa的压力下进行齐聚反应,反应40min后用冰浴降温、卸压,用质量分数为10%的酸化乙醇终止反应。得到低聚产物47.9g,催化剂活性为1.64×106g低聚物/mol Cr.h。见附表1。
实施例4
1、制备1,4-双(N(P(苯基)2)2)-苯配体
在经N2充分置换的带搅拌的100mL反应器中加入经脱水处理的二氯甲烷(20mL),三乙胺(3.75mL),二苯基氯化磷(1.326mL,7.2mmol),降温至0℃,缓慢加入1,4-苯二胺(0.19g,1.8mmol)。搅拌反应30min后升至室温继续反应12小时。过滤、干燥得到产物(0.8g,52.3%)。
2、催化剂的制备
在经N2充分置换的带搅拌的100mL反应器中加入经脱水处理的环己烷(10mL),按a∶b∶c∶d=1∶0∶300∶10的比例依次加入1.4mol/L的甲基铝氧烷甲苯溶液c,1,4-双(N(P(苯基)2)2)-苯b,2-乙基己酸铬a,1,2-二氯乙烷d,室温反应10min后备用。
3、乙烯低聚
500mL的高压釜加热到抽真空2小时,经氮气置换数次后充入乙烯,降温到预定温度,加入经脱水处理的庚烷((200mL)及上述催化剂。在90℃、7.0MPa的压力下进行低聚反应,反应20min后用冰浴降温、卸压,用质量分数为10%的酸化乙醇终止反应。催化剂活性为8.23×106g低聚物/mol Cr.h。低聚产物的分布见表1。
实施例5
1、制备(二苯基)磷氮(环己基)磷(二苯基)配体
在经N2充分置换的带搅拌的100mL反应器中加入经脱水处理的二氯甲烷(20mL),环己胺(3.75mL),二苯基氯化磷(1.326mL,7.2mmol),降温至0℃,缓慢加入1,4-苯二胺(0.19g,1.8mmol)。搅拌反应30min后升至室温继续反应12小时。过滤、干燥得到产物(0.8g,52.3%)。
2、催化剂的制备
在经N2充分置换的带搅拌的100mL反应器中加入经脱水处理的二甲苯(10mL),按a∶b∶c∶d=1∶5∶2000∶8的比例依次加入1.4mol/L的甲基铝氧烷甲苯溶液c,(二苯基)磷氮(环己基)磷(二苯基)b,四氢呋喃氯化铬a,1,4-二氯苯d,室温反应5min后备用。
3、乙烯低聚
500mL的高压釜加热到抽真空2小时,经氮气置换数次后充入乙烯,降温到预定温度,加入经脱水处理的二甲苯((200mL)及上述催化剂。在150℃、5.0MPa的压力下进行齐聚反应,反应50min后用冰浴降温、卸压,用质量分数为10%的酸化乙醇终止反应。得到低聚产物24.1g,催化剂活性为2.28×106g低聚物/mol Cr.h。低聚产物的分布见表1。
实施例6
1、制备(二苯基)磷氮(异丙基)磷(二苯基)配体
在经N2充分置换的带搅拌的100mL反应器中加入经脱水处理的二氯甲烷(20mL),异丙胺(5.5mL),二苯基氯化磷(1.326mL,7.2mmol),降温至0℃,缓慢加入1,4-苯二胺(0.19g,1.8mmol)。搅拌反应30min后升至室温继续反应12小时。过滤、干燥得到产物b(0.8g,52.3%)。
2、乙烯低聚
500mL的高压釜加热到抽真空2小时,经氮气置换数次后充入乙烯,降温到预定温度,加入经脱水处理的异丙苯(200mL)、按a∶b∶c∶d=1∶2∶300∶3的比例依次加入1.4mol/L的甲基铝氧烷甲苯溶液c,(二苯基)磷氮(异丙基)磷(二苯基)b,四氢呋喃氯化铬a,1,4-二氯苯d。在50℃、7.0MPa的压力下进行齐聚反应,反应30min后用冰浴降温、卸压,用质量分数为10%的酸化乙醇终止反应。得到低聚产物6.32g,催化剂活性为2.30×106g低聚物/mol Cr.h。见附表1。
实施例7
1、制备(二萘基)磷氮(丁基)磷(二萘基)配体
在经N2充分置换的带搅拌的100mL反应器中加入经脱水处理的二氯甲烷(20mL),异丙胺(5.5mL),二苯基氯化磷(1.326mL,7.2mmol),降温至0℃,缓慢加入1,4-苯二胺(0.19g,1.8mmol)。搅拌反应30min后升至室温继续反应12小时。过滤、干燥得到产物(0.8g,52.3%)。
2、乙烯低聚
500mL的高压釜加热到抽真空2小时,经氮气置换数次后充入乙烯,降温到预定温度,加入经脱水处理的环己烷(200mL)、按a∶b∶c∶d=1∶1∶200∶3的比例依次加入1.4mol/L的甲基铝氧烷甲苯溶液c,(二苯基)磷氮(丁基)磷(二苯基)b,四氢呋喃氯化铬a,1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷d。在50℃、8.0MPa的压力下进行齐聚反应,反应20min后用冰浴降温、卸压,用质量分数为10%的酸化乙醇终止反应。得到低聚产物43.2g,催化剂活性为1.51×106g低聚物/mol.h。见附表1。
Figure C20061005725400091

Claims (5)

1.一种用于乙烯低聚的催化剂组合物,其特征在于:它包括铬化物a、含P和N的配体b、活化剂c和促进剂d,其中a为乙酰丙酮铬、四氢呋喃氯化铬和/或异辛酸铬;
b的通式为
Figure C2006100572540002C1
R1、R2、R3、R4为苯基、苯甲基、芴基或萘基;R5为异丙基、丁基、环丙基、环戊基、环己基或芴基;
c为甲基铝氧烷、乙基铝氧烷、丙基铝氧烷和/或丁基铝氧烷;
d为1,2-二甲氧基乙烷;
a、b、c和d的摩尔比为1∶1∶200∶3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于乙烯低聚的催化剂组合物的应用,其特征在于:将a、b、c和d四种组分在氮气环境下混合10分钟后,加入反应釜中,通入乙烯进行低聚反应或将a、b、c和d四种组分直接加入反应釜中,通入乙烯进行低聚反应,反应在惰性溶剂中进行,溶剂是烷烃、芳烃、卤代烃或烯烃;反应温度为30~200℃;反应压力为0.5~20.0MPa;时间为0.1~2小时。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于乙烯低聚的催化剂组合物的应用,其特征在于:低聚反应,反应温度为20~90℃;反应压力为1~10MPa;时间为0.3~1小时。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于乙烯低聚的催化剂组合物的应用,其特征在于:低聚反应,反应温度为30~70℃;反应压力为2~6MPa;时间为0.5~0.7小时。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于乙烯低聚的催化剂组合物的应用,其特征在于:低聚反应在惰性溶剂中进行,溶剂是苯、甲苯、二甲苯、异丙苯、正庚烷、正己烷、甲基环己烷、环己烷、1-己烯或1-辛烯。
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