CN100362302C - Power generation system and method utilizing exhaust gas waste heat from cement predecomposition kiln - Google Patents
Power generation system and method utilizing exhaust gas waste heat from cement predecomposition kiln Download PDFInfo
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- CN100362302C CN100362302C CNB2004100496041A CN200410049604A CN100362302C CN 100362302 C CN100362302 C CN 100362302C CN B2004100496041 A CNB2004100496041 A CN B2004100496041A CN 200410049604 A CN200410049604 A CN 200410049604A CN 100362302 C CN100362302 C CN 100362302C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a power generating system and a power generating method using waste heat of waste gas of a cement pre-decomposition kiln. The power generating system comprises a pre-decomposition kiln system composed of a multiple cyclone preheaters and a decomposition stove, a raw material preparing system, an AQC stove, an SP stove and a power generating device and is characterized in that a three-way hot gas dividing pipe is additionally arranged between the two adjacent cyclone preheaters or between the decomposition stove and the first cyclone preheater; a gas inlet of the hot gas dividing pipe is connected with any cyclone preheater or the decomposing stove; one of the gas outlets of the hot gas dividing pipe is adjacent to any cyclone preheater and is connected with the next cyclone preheater in the direction of the gas flow or the first preheater, and the other outlet is communicated with the SP stove or is communicated with the SP stove through a cyclone separator; the divided hot gas is used for generating superheated steam through the SP stove after purification and is sent to the power generating device for working and generating power. The present invention has the advantages that the power generating capacity of waste heat is increased by more than 20%, the content of the discharged waste gas of SO2 and NOx is reduced, the investment is low, and popularization and implementation are easy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power generation system and a power generation method of waste gas waste heat of a cement precalciner kiln, belongs to the field of waste gas treatment and waste heat recycling of the cement precalciner kiln, and is an improvement on the existing power generation method by using the waste gas waste heat of the cement precalciner kiln.
Background
In the cement production, the rotary kiln discharges waste gas with a certain temperature, in order to recycle the waste heat in the waste gas and reduce the pollution of the waste gas discharge to the environment, a production line for generating power by using the waste gas with the gas waste heat of about 850 ℃ discharged by the hollow dry-method rotary kiln is already available, but the kiln type is not developed any more due to the low cement yield and poor economic benefit of the production line. Then, a multi-stage cyclone preheater is additionally arranged at the gas outlet end of the rotary kiln, raw materials are preheated by the multi-stage cyclone preheater, the temperature of waste gas out of the preheater is reduced to 380-400 ℃ when the preheater is in a four-stage state, and other heat is not effectively utilized except for drying raw materials, in order to solve the problem of effective utilization of waste gas waste heat, a waste heat power generation method of utilizing waste gas waste heat of the multi-stage cyclone preheater is firstly generated at the Japan rate, superheated steam is generated by adding hot water from a cooler waste heat boiler (AQC boiler for short) in a preheater waste heat boiler (SP boiler for short) to generate power, the method is called a pure waste heat power generation method, and as shown in figure 7-1, the waste heat power generation amount of each ton of cement clinker is 25-30 kwh. Because the temperature of the waste gas utilized by the method is low, only steam with low pressure and low temperature parameters can be generated, the efficiency of the steam turbine set is low, and the unit heat energy generating capacity is low. In order to improve the steam parameters, a coal-fired boiler, or a supplementary fired boiler, is added behind the SP boiler to reheat the working medium of the steam turbine from the SP boiler, which is called a supplementary fired boiler method, as shown in fig. 7-2. The working medium which is discharged from the SP boiler is superheated steam when the supplementary combustion furnace is not arranged, the temperature of the working medium is above 300 ℃, if the working medium with the temperature enters the supplementary combustion furnace, the exhaust gas temperature of the working medium is much higher than that of a common boiler, the heat loss of the exhaust gas is considerable, the thermal efficiency of the supplementary combustion furnace is too low, and the result is unreliable. Therefore, after the afterburning furnace is increased, the working medium circulation quantity must be increased, and the temperature of the working medium entering the afterburning furnace is reduced, so that certain heat efficiency of the afterburning furnace is obtained. This means that the steam parameters are increased and at the same time the total amount of steam has to be increased, i.e. the amount of electricity generated is obtained from the waste heat and the fuel consumed for increasing the steam parameters and increasing the amount of steam, and the amount of steam generated by consuming the fuel is larger than, or even more than twice, the amount of steam generated by the waste heat. Because of the limitation of the scale of cement enterprises, only small steam turbine units limited or even forbidden by professional power plants can be adopted, the steam parameters are still low, the efficiency of the steam turbine units is low, and the coal consumption of unit electric quantity of the steam turbine units is far higher than that of large-scale units. Since most of the total power generation is derived from fuel consumption in the afterburner method, the result is that the integrated standard coal consumption per degree including waste heat is still higher than the average level of the thermal power plant of 420g/kwh and higher than the level of the large power plant of 350g/kwh.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a simple structure and an installation methodFlexibility, low equipment investment and SO in waste gas 2 And NO x The cement precalciner waste heat power generation system is low in emission, environment-friendly, low in power generation cost and capable of improving generated energy, and meanwhile, a method for generating power by using the power generation system is provided, and the method is an improvement of the existing cement precalciner waste heat power generation method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a cement predecomposition kiln waste heat power generation system comprises predecomposition kiln production equipment consisting of a multistage cyclone preheater and a decomposing furnace, raw material preparation, a cooler waste heat boiler, a preheater waste heat boiler, a power generation device and a kiln tail waste gas treatment system; the method is characterized in that: a three-way type hot gas shunt pipe is additionally arranged between two adjacent stages of cyclone preheaters or between the decomposing furnace and the cyclone preheater adjacent to the decomposing furnace, and the three-way type hot gas shunt pipe is provided with an air inlet and two air outlets which are respectively a first air outlet and a second air outlet; the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet of any one stage of cyclone preheater in the multi-stage cyclone preheaters or the air outlet of the decomposing furnace, the first air outlet is communicated with the next stage of cyclone preheater which is adjacent to the cyclone preheater and along the air flow direction or the next stage of cyclone preheater which is adjacent to the decomposing furnace, and the second air outlet is communicated with the preheater exhaust-heat boiler (SP furnace for short).
The gas outlet is connected with two modes: one is when the air inlet communicates with arbitrary level cyclone preheater gas outlet among the multi-stage cyclone preheater, first gas outlet with arbitrary level cyclone preheater is adjacent and along the next-level cyclone preheater intercommunication of air current direction, adds between second gas outlet and the SP stove and is equipped with a cyclone group, and cyclone group's input is connected with the second gas outlet, and its output is provided with flue gas pipeline adjusting valve with SP stove junction.
And secondly, when the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the decomposing furnace, a first air outlet of the decomposing furnace is communicated with a first-stage cyclone preheater adjacent to the decomposing furnace, another first-stage cyclone preheater is additionally arranged between a second air outlet and the SP furnace, a cyclone separator group is additionally arranged between the other first-stage cyclone preheater and the SP furnace, the input end of the cyclone separator group is connected with the air outlet of the other first-stage cyclone preheater, and the joint of the output end of the cyclone separator group and the SP furnace is provided with a flue gas pipeline adjusting valve.
The cyclone separator group in the two connection modes is arranged in one stage or in two stages.
The multi-stage cyclone preheater group is provided with at least 3 stages, generally 3-5 stages.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also provides a power generation method using the cement precalciner waste heat power generation system, wherein the whole system runs under the negative pressure operation, and is characterized in that:
step 1) a hot gas flow dividing pipe arranged between two adjacent secondary cyclone preheaters of a cement precalciner or between a decomposing furnace and a first-stage cyclone preheater is utilized to divide hot gas discharged by a first-stage cyclone preheater or a decomposing furnace in the two adjacent secondary cyclone preheaters into two parts through the hot gas flow dividing pipe;
and 2) purifying the gas shunted by the hot gas shunt pipe by using a cyclone separator group, introducing the gas into a preheater waste heat boiler, heating to generate superheated steam, and sending the superheated steam into a steam turbine to work and generate power.
The multi-stage cyclone preheater group is at least provided with 3 stages, and the optimal arrangement is 3-5 stages.
In the technical scheme, the hot gas shunt pipe is added to reduce the gas amount entering the preheater system, improve the solid-gas ratio in the preheater system, namely the ratio of the material amount to the gas amount, reduce the temperature of the waste gas at the outlet of the preheater and the waste gas amount, reduce the heat energy taken away by the waste gas, transfer the reduced heat energy in the gas with lower original temperature to the gas with higher temperature to be used as a power generation heat source, so that the steam parameter is improved, and the generated energy is improved.
The additional cyclone separator group has the following functions:
firstly, the dust-containing hot gas which is branched out for power generation is purified to reduce the dust content in the hot gas, relieve the abrasion and dust deposition of the boiler calandria, effectively prolong the service life of the calandria and improve the thermal efficiency of the boiler;
the second is to balance the fluid resistance of the system. After the hot gas is divided, two air flows are connected in parallel, the hot gas continuously entering the preheater system passes through a multi-stage cyclone preheater, the hot gas for power generation directly enters an SP furnace, the resistance of the fluid of the former is larger than that of the fluid of the latter, and a pipeline valve is used for adjusting for balancing the resistance, so that the unnecessary loss of energy is realized, after the cyclone separator group is added, the resistance of the two can be balanced, and the pipeline valve can be controlled only by fine adjustment.
The technical scheme of the invention is based on the following thermodynamic principles:
(1) Relationship between solid-gas ratio and outlet gas temperature of preheater
The analysis was carried out using a single unit preheater as an example,
the gas quantity entering the preheater is set as G 1 At a temperature t G1 Average specific heat capacity of C P1 The amount of material fed to the preheater is M 1 At a temperature t m1 Average specific heat capacity of C 1 Then the total heat entering the preheater is:
H 1 ＝G 1 ×t G1 ×C P1 +M 1 ×t m1 ×C 1
the gas quantity at the outlet of the preheater is G 2 At a temperature t G2 Average specific heat capacity of C P2 The material quantity of the output preheater is M 2 At a temperature of t m2 Average specific heat capacity of C 2 Then the total heat at the outlet of the preheater is:
H 2 ＝G 2 ×t G2 ×C P2 +M 2 ×t m2 ×C 2
according to the heat balance: h 1 ＝H 2
G 1 ×t G1 ×C P1 +M 1 ×t m1 ×C 1 ＝G 2 ×t G2 ×C P2 +M 2 ×t m2 ×C 2
According to the mass balance:
G 1 ＝G 2 ＝G；M 1 ＝M 2 ＝M
setting: c P1 ＝C P2 ＝C P ； C 1 ＝C 2 ＝C
And order
r is the solid-gas ratio; let t G2 ＝t m2
Can obtain the product
∵t G1 ＞t m1
∴
The above results show that the temperature t of the outlet gas can be made higher as the solid-gas ratio r is higher G2 And (4) descending.
(2) The heat energy with lower temperature is converted into the heat energy with higher temperature
The preheater and the decomposing furnace are used as an independent system for analysis: as shown in the figure 4 of the drawings,
before splitting:
heat H entering the system in The method comprises the following steps: sensible heat H from the outlet gas of the rotary kiln GK Heat of fuel H added to the decomposing furnace f Sensible heat Ha of combustion air (tertiary air) from clinker cooler and sensible heat H of fed materials M0
H in ＝H GK +H f +Ha+H M0
Heat H leaving the system out The method comprises the following steps: sensible heat H of material entering rotary kiln MK Sensible heat H of outlet gas G1 Latent heat of decomposition of carbonate H C
H out ＝H MK +H G1 +H C
H in ＝H out ；H GK +H f +H a +H M0 ＝H MK +H G1 +H C (1)
After shunting:
the heat for power generation is He, the restBefore each heat is divided into two streams, each stream is H GK ’、H f ’、Ha’、H M0 ’、H MK ’ H G1 ’H C ’
H in ’＝H GK ’+H f ’+Ha’+H M0 ’
H out ’＝H MK ’+H G1 ’+H C ’+He
H in ’＝H out ’ ；
H GK ’+H f ’+Ha’+H M0 ’＝H MK ’+H G1 ’+H C ’+He (2)
In order to maintain the original clinker yield of the cement kiln, the following conditions must be provided,
H C ＝H C ’H MK ＝H MK ’H GK ＝H GK ’
the feeding materials have the same state H M0 ＝H M0 ’
Because the gas quantity entering the preheater after the hot gas is shunted is reduced, the sensible heat of the material entering the decomposing furnace is reduced, and in order to meet the necessary conditions, supplementary enthalpy, delta H, needs to be provided for the decomposing furnace f ，ΔHa；
I.e. H f ’＝H f +ΔH f ；H a ’＝Ha+ΔHa
Substituting the result into formula (2), and combining with formula (1):
He＝ΔH f +ΔHa+(H G1 -H G1 ’)
＝ΔH f +ΔHa+ΔH G1
the above results illustrate that the heat energy He for power generation is derived from the falling heat enthalpy difference Δ H of the preheater exit gas G1 And enthalpy of filling Δ H f And + Δ Ha. Original Delta H G1 Is the heat energy at the preheater exit gas temperature, and He is the slave ratioThe part with high temperature of the gas at the outlet of the preheater is led out, and the part is led out after the hot gas is dividedIs high by Δ H G1 This part of the thermal energy has a work capacity.
(3) Relation between initial steam parameter and generated energy
The actual work W of the steam produced by the turbine T ＝(H 1 -H 2 )η i
In the formula:
H 1 for entering the enthalpy of steam of the turbine
H 2 For giving off the enthalpy of the steam of the turbine
η i For internal efficiency of steam turbine
When the initial parameter of the steam is increased, the initial steam enthalpy is H 1 ’＝H 1 +ΔH 1
The actual work it does is
W T ’＝(H 1 ’-H 2 )η i
＝(H 1 +ΔH 1 -H 2 )η i
The efficiency of the steam turbine can be expressed as
Obviously eta' > eta
The results show that the efficiency of the steam turbine is improved by improving the initial parameters of the steam, so that the power generation amount per unit heat energy can be improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the utilization rate of heat energy in the waste gas of the cement predecomposition kiln is improved, namely the generating capacity of the waste gas waste heat of unit cement clinker is improved, the comprehensive standard coal consumption of each degree of electricity is effectively reduced, and compared with the prior art, the generating capacity of the waste heat part can be improved by more than 30%.
2. Reduce the construction investment
The invention not only improves the heat energy utilization rate in the waste gas of the cement predecomposition kiln, but also is an improvement relative to an afterburning furnace method. The 'afterburning' of the invention is to reform in the existing decomposing furnace, do not need to set up the afterburning furnace additionally, only need a SP stove without combustion chamber and its coal supply device to the utilization of the waste heat. The temperature of the hot gas entering the SP furnace is higher than that of the gas at the outlet of the original preheater, the temperature of the hot gas when the hot gas is led out from the outlet of the first-stage cyclone preheater is 850 ℃, the average temperature difference delta t between the hot gas and the heated working medium is about 220 ℃, the temperature of the gas entering the SP furnace in the prior art is 380-400 ℃, the average temperature difference delta t between the hot gas and the heated working medium is about 70 ℃, and the required heat transfer area A and the average temperature difference delta t are in inverse proportion relation when the heat transfer quantity is the same according to the heat transfer law,
wherein: Δ t 1 ＝70℃；Δt 2 ＝220℃，
The heat transfer area, namely the number of the calandria, of the SP furnace is only the same as the heat transfer capacity, namely the same amount of the waste heat is utilizedOf prior art SP furnaces
As a result, the amount of steel used for the boiler is greatly reduced, and the construction investment is effectively reduced.
3. Reduce the power generation cost
The power generation cost is reduced due to the subsidiary benefits of reducing the comprehensive standard coal consumption of each degree of electricity and reducing the construction investment, and the comprehensive effect of the two items is that the depreciation cost of the fixed assets is reduced.
4. Effectively reduces SO in the discharged waste gas 2 With NOx content, i.e. with reduced emissions
Because the supplemented fuel is combusted in the decomposing furnace, a large amount of CaO in the decomposing furnace has strong desulfurization effect, the desulfurization rate of flue gas can reach more than 85 percent, the combustion temperature in the decomposing furnace is 880-900 ℃, and the combusted NOx is hardly generated, namely the supplemented fuel is producedSO in raw flue gas 2 The emission of NOx is far lower than SO in flue gas of a supplementary combustion furnace, a professional thermal power generation plant and unit electric quantity 2 And the reduction range of the NOx emission is larger, and the environmental protection benefit is remarkable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the flow direction of the materials in the present invention
FIG. 2-1 is a schematic view of the gas flow direction mode one of the present invention
FIG. 2-2 is a schematic view of the gas flow direction mode two of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the flow direction of the working fluid of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the heat energy transfer principle of the present invention
FIG. 5-1 is a schematic view of the installation position of the hot gas flow-dividing pipe and the cyclone separator set according to the present invention
FIG. 5-2 is a schematic view of the installation position of the hot gas flow-dividing pipe and the cyclone separator set
FIG. 5-3 are schematic views of the installation position of the hot gas shunt pipe and the cyclone separator set according to the present invention
FIGS. 5-4 are four schematic views of the installation position of the hot gas shunt pipe and the cyclone separator set according to the present invention
FIG. 6-1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a power generation method of the 5-stage cyclone preheater group of the first mode in FIG. 2-1
FIG. 6-2 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a power generation method of the 5-stage cyclone preheater group of the second mode of FIG. 2-2
6-3 are flow charts of an embodiment of a power generation method of the 4-stage cyclone preheater group arrangement of the first mode of FIG. 2-1
6-4 are four flow charts of an embodiment of the power generation method of the 4-stage cyclone preheater group of the second mode in the FIG. 2-2
6-5 are five flow charts of the embodiment of the power generation method of the 3-level cyclone preheater group set in the first mode of the figure 2-1
FIG. 7-1 is a process flow diagram of a pure waste heat power generation method in the prior art
FIG. 7-2 is a process flow diagram of a power generation method of a post-combustion furnace in the prior art
Detailed Description
The material flow direction of the invention takes a five-stage preheating predecomposition kiln as an example. As shown in figure 1, cement raw materials are added from an outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7, preheated by a fourth-stage cyclone preheater 6, a third-stage cyclone preheater 5 and a second-stage cyclone preheater 4, sent into a decomposing furnace 2 to decompose carbonates in the materials, then sent into a first-stage cyclone preheater 3, sent into a rotary kiln 1 to be burnt into cement clinker by the materials separated by the first-stage cyclone preheater 3 and a cyclone separator group 9, and sent to a storage warehouse after the cement hot clinker discharged from the rotary kiln 1 is cooled by a clinker cooler 10.
The cement precalciner waste heat power generation system comprises precalciner production equipment consisting of a multistage cyclone preheater and a decomposing furnace, raw material preparation equipment, an AQC furnace, an SP furnace, a power generation device and a kiln tail waste gas treatment system; the multi-stage cyclone preheater is currently commonly used as a 4-5-stage cyclone preheater; when the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet of any stage of cyclone preheater, the first air outlet is adjacent to any stage of cyclone preheater and is connected with the next stage of cyclone preheater along the air flow direction, and the second air outlet is directly communicated with the air inlet of the SP furnace; the second air outlet can also be communicated with an air inlet of a cyclone separator group, and an air outlet of the cyclone separator group is communicated with the SP furnace. When the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the decomposing furnace, the first air outlet is communicated with the air inlet of the first-stage cyclone preheater, the second air outlet is communicated with the air inlet of the other first-stage cyclone preheater, and the air outlet of the other first-stage cyclone preheater is connected with a cyclone separator group.
In the cement predecomposition kiln waste heat power generation system, the arrangement positions of the hot gas shunt tubes and the cyclone separator group play a very important role in improving the generated energy, and taking the five-level cyclone preheating predecomposition kiln as an example, the hot gas shunt tubes and the cyclone separator group are provided with various schemes:
the first scheme is as follows: as shown in fig. 5-1, a hot gas shunt pipe is arranged between a first-stage cyclone preheater and a second-stage cyclone preheater, a cement cyclone preheating pre-decomposition kiln production system is formed by sequentially connecting a rotary kiln 1, a decomposing furnace 2, a first-stage cyclone preheater 3, a second-stage cyclone preheater 4, a third-stage cyclone preheater 5, a fourth-stage cyclone preheater 6 and an outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7, and a hot gas shunt pipe 8 and a cyclone separator group 9 are positioned between the first-stage cyclone preheater 3 and the second-stage cyclone preheater 4; the air inlet of the hot gas shunt pipe 8 is connected with the air outlet of the first-stage cyclone preheater 3, one air outlet of the hot gas shunt pipe 8 is connected with the cyclone separator group 9, the other air outlet is connected with the air inlet of the second-stage cyclone preheater 4, the hot gas shunt pipe 8 divides the hot gas fed by the first-stage cyclone preheater 3 into two parts, one part of the two parts is fed into the second-stage cyclone preheater 4, and the two parts pass through the second-stage cyclone preheater 4, the third-stage cyclone preheater 5, the fourth-stage cyclone preheater 6 and the outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7 in sequence to preheat materials; the other part is purified by a cyclone separator group 9 and then sent to an SP furnace 16.
Scheme two is as follows: as shown in figure 5-2, the installation mode of the cement cyclone preheating pre-decomposition kiln production system is basically the same as the first scheme, a hot gas shunt pipe 8 is installed between a second-stage cyclone preheater 4 and a third-stage cyclone preheater 5, the air inlet of the hot gas shunt pipe 8 is connected with the air outlet of the second-stage cyclone preheater 4, one air outlet of the hot gas shunt pipe 8 is connected with a cyclone separator group 9, the other air outlet is connected with the input end of the third-stage cyclone preheater 5, the hot gas fed into the second-stage cyclone preheater 4 is divided into two parts by the hot gas shunt pipe 8, one part of the hot gas is fed into the third-stage cyclone preheater 5, the other part of the hot gas is sequentially fed into the third-stage cyclone preheater 5, a fourth-stage cyclone preheater 6 and an outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7 for preheating materials, and the other part of the hot gas is fed into an SP furnace 16 after being purified by the cyclone separator group 9.
And a third scheme is as follows: as shown in fig. 5-3, the installation manner of the cement cyclone preheating precalciner production system is basically the same as the first scheme, a hot gas flow dividing pipe 8 is installed between a third cyclone preheater 5 and a fourth cyclone preheater 6, the air inlet of the hot gas flow dividing pipe 8 is connected with the air outlet of the third cyclone preheater 5, one air outlet of the hot gas flow dividing pipe 8 is connected with a cyclone separator group 9, the other air outlet is connected with the air inlet of the fourth cyclone preheater 6, the hot gas flow dividing pipe 8 divides the hot gas fed by the third cyclone preheater 5 into two parts, one part of the hot gas is fed into the fourth cyclone preheater 6, and the materials are preheated by the fourth cyclone preheater 6 and the outlet cyclone preheater 7 in sequence; the other part is purified by a cyclone separator group 9 and then sent to an SP furnace 16.
And the scheme is as follows: 5-4, the installation mode of the cement cyclone preheating pre-decomposition kiln production system is basically the same as the first scheme, a hot gas shunt pipe 8 is installed between the decomposition furnace 2 and the first-stage cyclone preheater 3, an air inlet of the hot gas shunt pipe 8 is connected with an air outlet of the decomposition furnace 2, a first air outlet of the hot gas shunt pipe 8 is connected with an air inlet of the first-stage cyclone preheater 3, and a second air outlet is communicated with a cyclone separator group 9 through another first-stage cyclone preheater 3' arranged; the hot gas flow dividing pipe 8 divides the hot gas fed from the decomposing furnace 2 into two parts, and feeds one part of the gas into the first-stage cyclone preheater 3 to preheat the materials sequentially through the first-stage cyclone preheater 3, the second-stage cyclone preheater 4, the third-stage cyclone preheater 5, the fourth-stage cyclone preheater 6 and the outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7; the other part is sent to another first-stage preheater 3', purified by a cyclone separator group 9 and sent to an SP furnace 16.
The invention relates to a cement predecomposition kiln preheating system, which is characterized in that a hot gas shunt pipe and a cyclone separator group are additionally arranged at any position in a cement predecomposition kiln preheating system according to the thermodynamic principle, so that gas at the outlet of any stage of preheater or decomposing furnace is shunted, the gas quantity entering the preheater system is reduced, the solid-gas ratio in the preheater, namely the ratio of the material quantity to the gas quantity, the temperature of waste gas at the outlet of the preheater and the quantity of the waste gas are reduced, the heat energy taken away by the waste gas is reduced, and the reduced heat energy originally contained in the gas with lower temperature is transferred to the gas with higher temperature to serve as a power generation heat source, so that the steam parameter is improved, and the generated energy is improved.
The flow direction of the working medium of the invention is shown in figure 3: boiler water from the condenser 19 is pumped into the AQC furnace 15 by the boiler water feed pump 26, the water is heated and then sent to the SP furnace 16 to be reheated to generate superheated steam for the steam turbine 17 to work and generate power, the steam at the outlet of the steam turbine 17 is condensed into water in the condenser 19 by cooling water, and then the water is pumped into the AQC furnace 15 by the boiler water feed pump 26 to form a Rankine cycle.
The heat energy transfer principle of the invention is shown in figure 4: the aim of converting heat energy with lower temperature into heat energy with higher temperature is achieved through hot gas shunting, the preheater and the decomposing furnace are used as an independent system for analysis, and the analysis shows that the heat energy He for power generation is the enthalpy difference delta H between the outlet gas of the preheater before shunting and after shunting G1 And supplemental enthalpy Δ H f (enthalpy of supplemental fuel) and Δ Ha (enthalpy of supplemental combustion air), raw Δ H G1 Is the heat energy at the outlet gas temperature of the preheater, and He is extracted at a higher temperature than the outlet gas temperature of the preheater, which shows that the temperature is increased by Delta H after the hot gas is shunted G1 The working capacity of the turbine is improved, or steam with higher parameters can be generated, so that the efficiency of the turbine is improved, and the generated energy is improved.
The whole system of the invention operates under negative pressure, and simultaneously, on the premise of keeping the yield of the original cement clinker production line
A hot gas shunt pipe and a cyclone separator group connected with the hot gas shunt pipe are arranged between any stage of cyclone preheater or decomposing furnace in the preheating and pre-decomposing system and the next stage of cyclone preheater which is adjacent and along the airflow direction, the hot gas exhausted by the preheater is divided into two parts, one part still enters the preheater system to preheat materials, and the other part enters an SP furnace after being purified by the cyclone separator group to generate superheated steam for a steam turbine to do work and generate power.
According to whether the waste heat of the gas at the outlet of the preheater is reused or not, the temperature and the gas trend of the gas at the outlet of the preheater are determined to form two implementation modes, and taking the connection of an air inlet of a hot gas shunt pipe of a predecomposition kiln of a five-stage cyclone preheater and a first-stage cyclone preheater as an example:
in the first mode, as shown in fig. 2-1 and 6-1, in a cement precalciner production system consisting of a five-stage cyclone preheater and a decomposing furnace, an air inlet of a three-way hot gas shunt pipe 8 connected with a cyclone separator group 9 is communicated with a first-stage cyclone preheater 3, an air outlet of the three-way hot gas shunt pipe is communicated with a second-stage cyclone preheater 4, and the other air outlet of the three-way hot gas shunt pipe is connected with an inlet end of an SP furnace 16 through the cyclone separator group 9; the gas is converged with hot gas discharged from an SP furnace 16 outlet through a pipeline and then is jointly used as a heat source for drying raw materials, and the hot gas is sent into a raw material mill 12 through a kiln tail high-temperature induced draft fan 20; the superheated steam generated by the SP furnace 16 directly enters a steam turbine 17 for work and power generation.
In a second mode, as shown in fig. 2-2 and 6-2, in a cement precalciner production system consisting of a five-stage cyclone preheater and a decomposing furnace, an air inlet of a three-way hot gas flow dividing pipe 8 connected with a cyclone separator group is communicated with a first-stage cyclone preheater 3, one air outlet of the three-way hot gas flow dividing pipe is communicated with a second-stage cyclone preheater 4, the other air outlet of the three-stage cyclone preheater is connected with an inlet end of an SP furnace 16 through a cyclone separator group 9, an outlet end of the cyclone separator group 9 is provided with a flue gas pipeline adjusting valve 23, the proportion of hot gas flow dividing of the hot gas flow dividing pipe 8 is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the valve, and the temperature of the gas passing through outlets of the second-stage cyclone preheater 4, the third-stage cyclone preheater 5, the fourth-stage cyclone preheater 6 and the outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7 is controlled to be about 100 ℃; an induced draft fan 27 is arranged at the outlet end of the outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7, gas discharged by the outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7 is directly sent to the humidifying tower 13 through the induced draft fan 27 for conditioning, and is directly discharged by the kiln tail dust collection induced draft fan 21 after being purified by the kiln tail dust collector 14; the other part of the gas at the outlet of the hot gas shunt pipe enters the SP furnace 16 after being purified by the cyclone separator group, the superheated steam is generated to supply a steam turbine 17 to do work and generate power, and the gas at the outlet of the SP furnace 16 is used as the only heat source for drying the raw materials.
The two gas walking modes are also suitable for a three-level, four-level or six-level cyclone predecomposition kiln production system, the effect of improving the power generation of the waste gas of the cement predecomposition kiln can be achieved, and the enthalpy in the gas at the outlet of the SP furnace 16 is used as a heat source for drying the raw materials.
The method for generating electricity by using the above-mentioned power generation system will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 5-1 and 6-1, the power generation system using the five-stage cyclone preheater pre-decomposition kiln is composed of a rotary kiln 1, a decomposition furnace 2, a first-stage cyclone preheater 3, a second-stage cyclone preheater 4, a third-stage cyclone preheater 5, a fourth-stage cyclone preheater 6, an outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7, a hot gas shunt tube 8, a cyclone separator group 9, a clinker cooler 10, a kiln head dust collector 11, a raw material mill 12, a humidifying tower 13, a kiln tail dust collector 14, an AQC furnace 15, an SP furnace 16, a steam turbine 17, a generator 18, a condenser 19, a kiln tail high-temperature induced draft fan 20, a kiln tail dust collection induced draft fan 21, a kiln head dust collection induced draft fan 22, a flue gas pipeline adjusting valve 23, a flue gas pipeline valve 24, an air pipeline valve 25 and a boiler water supply pump 26; a hot gas shunt pipe 8 and a cyclone separator group 9 are arranged between the first-stage cyclone preheater 3 and the second-stage cyclone preheater 4. The gas moving mode adopts the first mode.
The dashed lines in fig. 6-1 are water runs and the solid lines in the figure are gas runs, indicated by arrows.
The material trend of the invention is shown in figure 1, cement raw meal is added from an outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7, preheated by a fourth-stage cyclone preheater 6, a third-stage cyclone preheater 5 and a second-stage cyclone preheater 4, sent into a decomposing furnace 2 to decompose carbonate in the material, then sent into a first-stage cyclone preheater 3, the material separated by the first-stage cyclone preheater 3 and a cyclone separator group 9 is sent into a rotary kiln 1 to be burnt into cement clinker, and the cement clinker discharged from the rotary kiln 1 is sent to a storage warehouse after being cooled by a clinker cooler 10.
The whole system of the invention operates in a negative pressure state, after the heat exchange between the cold air entering the clinker cooler 10 and the high-temperature material, the clinker is cooled, and the generated hot air is divided into three parts: the first part is taken as combustion air (tertiary air) to enter the decomposing furnace 2; the second part enters the AQC furnace 15 after being purified by the kiln head dust collector 11 to heat water for the boiler, the air is discharged by the kiln head dust collection draught fan 22 after being cooled, when the AQC furnace 15 has a fault, the air purified by the kiln head dust collector 11 is directly discharged by the kiln head dust collection draught fan 22, the later is a standby bypass, and the air and the standby bypass are switched by an air pipeline valve 25; the third part is taken as combustion air (secondary air) to enter the rotary kiln 1, the gas at the outlet of the rotary kiln 1 is sent into the decomposing furnace 2, and the gas at the outlet of the decomposing furnace 2 enters the first-stage cyclone preheater 3.
A three-way type hot gas shunt pipe 8 is arranged at the outlet end of the first-stage cyclone preheater 3 to shunt hot gas, the first part of gas enters the second-stage cyclone preheater 4 and is sequentially preheated by the second-stage cyclone preheater 4, the third-stage cyclone preheater 5, the fourth-stage cyclone preheater 6 and the outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7, and the temperature of the gas is gradually reduced along with the preheating; the second part is purified by the cyclone separator group 9 and then enters the SP furnace 16 as a heat source of the SP furnace 16 for power generation, the gas out of the SP furnace 16 is converged with the gas out of the outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7 and then enters a high-temperature draught fan 20 at the tail of the kiln, and a flue gas pipeline adjusting valve 23 is respectively arranged on a communication pipeline between the cyclone separator group 9 and the SP furnace 16 and an outlet pipeline of the outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7 so as to adjust the gas split ratio of the cyclone separator group 9 and the SP furnace 16. And the gas at the outlet of the high-temperature draught fan 20 at the kiln tail enters a raw material mill 12 to dry the raw material, and is purified by a kiln tail dust collector 14 and then is discharged by a kiln tail dust collection draught fan 21. When the raw material mill 12 is stopped, the gas at the outlet of the kiln tail high-temperature induced draft fan 20 is tempered by the humidifying tower 13, purified by the kiln tail dust collector 14 and discharged by the kiln tail dust collection induced draft fan 21. Flue gas pipeline valves 24 are respectively arranged on a communication pipeline between the kiln tail high-temperature induced draft fan 20 and the raw material mill 12 and a communication pipeline between the kiln tail high-temperature induced draft fan 20 and the humidifying tower 13, and are used for switching two paths of gas. When the SP furnace 16 has a fault, adjusting a flue gas pipeline adjusting valve 23 between the outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7 and the kiln-tail high-temperature induced draft fan 20 to a full-open state, closing the flue gas pipeline adjusting valve 23 between the cyclone separator group 9 and the kiln-tail high-temperature induced draft fan 20, simultaneously opening an air pipeline valve 25 between the kiln-head dust collector 11 and the kiln-head dust collecting induced draft fan 22, and closing the air pipeline valve 25 between the kiln-head dust collector 11 and the AQC furnace 15. The power generation system is in a shutdown state.
In the flow of the power generation method, the flow of the working medium is as shown in fig. 3, the boiler water from the condenser 19 is pumped into the AQC furnace 15 by the boiler water feed pump 26, the water is heated and then sent to the SP furnace 16, the superheated steam is generated again, the steam at the outlet of the steam turbine 17 is condensed into water in the condenser 19 by the cooling water, and then the water is pumped into the AQC furnace 15 by the boiler water feed pump 26, so as to form a rankine cycle.
Example two:
as shown in fig. 5-1 and 6-2, the power generation system using the five-stage cyclone preheater precalciner kiln is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, except that an induced draft fan 27 is additionally arranged between the outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7 and the humidifying tower 13, the gas trend mode adopts the second mode, the gas at the outlet of the outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7 is directly sent into the humidifying tower 13 through the induced draft fan 27 for conditioning, then is purified through the kiln tail dust collector 14, and is directly discharged through the kiln tail dust collecting induced draft fan 21, a bypass pipeline is arranged between the outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7 and the kiln tail high-temperature induced draft fan 20, and a flue gas pipeline valve 24 is arranged, wherein the flue gas pipeline valve 24 is in a closed state during normal power generation. When a fault occurs in the SP furnace 16, this flue gas duct valve 24 is opened, while the flue gas duct regulating valve 23 between the cyclone group 9 and the SP furnace 16 and the flue gas duct valve 24 between the outlet stage cyclone preheater 7 and the induced draft fan 27 are closed. Simultaneously, an air pipeline valve 25 between the kiln head dust collector 11 and the kiln head dust collection induced draft fan 22 is opened, the air pipeline valve 25 between the AQC furnace 15 and the kiln head dust collector 11 is closed, and at the moment, the power generation system is in a shutdown state.
The dashed lines in fig. 6-2 are water runs and the solid lines are gas runs, indicated by arrows.
The waste heat of the outlet gas from the outlet stage cyclone preheater 7 is no longer used as the raw material drying heat source in this embodiment, and the hot gas exiting from the SP furnace 16 is used as the sole source of raw material drying heat.
The material direction and the working medium direction are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the description is not repeated.
Example three:
a four-stage cyclone preheating precalcining kiln production system is adopted, and a mode I is adopted for the arrangement of a power generation system and a power generation method of the system.
As shown in fig. 6-3, the whole system is composed of a rotary kiln 1, a decomposing furnace 2, a first-stage cyclone preheater 3, a second-stage cyclone preheater 4, a third-stage cyclone preheater 5, an outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7, a hot gas flow dividing pipe 8, a cyclone separator group 9, a clinker cooler 10, a kiln head dust collector 11, a raw material mill 12, a humidifying tower 13, a kiln tail dust collector 14, an AQC furnace 15, an SP furnace 16, a steam turbine 17, a generator 18, a condenser 19, a kiln tail high-temperature induced draft fan 20, a kiln head dust collector 21, a kiln head dust collection induced draft fan 22, a flue gas pipeline regulating valve 23, a flue gas pipeline valve 24, an air pipeline valve 25 and a boiler water feeding pump 26; a hot gas shunt pipe 8 and a cyclone separator group 9 are arranged between the first stage cyclone preheater 3 and the second stage cyclone preheater 4.
The material direction and the working medium direction are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The gas direction was the same as in example one.
Example four:
four-stage cyclone preheating precalcining kiln production system, and setting of power generation system and power generation method thereof adopt mode
As shown in fig. 6-4, the whole production system is substantially the same as the third embodiment, except that an induced draft fan 27 for overcoming the fluid resistance of the preheater system is additionally arranged between the outlet of the outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7 and the humidifying tower;
the material direction and the working medium direction are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The gas direction was the same as in the example.
Example five:
a three-stage cyclone preheating precalciner kiln production system is adopted, and a mode I is adopted for setting a power generation system and a power generation mode.
As shown in fig. 6-5, the whole system is composed of a rotary kiln 1, a decomposing furnace 2, a first-stage cyclone preheater 3, a second-stage cyclone preheater 4, an outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7, a hot gas shunt pipe 8, a cyclone separator group 9, a clinker cooler 10, a kiln head dust collector 11, a raw material mill 12, a humidifying tower 13, a kiln tail dust collector 14, an AQC furnace 15, an SP furnace 16, a steam turbine 17, a generator 18, a condenser 19, a kiln tail high-temperature induced draft fan 20, a kiln head dust collector 21, a kiln head dust collector induced draft fan 22, a flue gas pipeline adjusting valve 23, a flue gas pipeline valve 24, an air pipeline valve 25 and a boiler feed pump 26, wherein the hot gas shunt pipe 8 and the cyclone separator group 9 are arranged between the first-stage cyclone preheater 3 and the second-stage cyclone preheater 4.
One gas outlet of the hot gas shunt pipe 8 is communicated with a gas inlet of the second-stage cyclone preheater 4, the other gas outlet is connected with the cyclone separator group 9, the arrangement of other components and the flow after the outlet gas of the outlet-stage cyclone preheater 7 is merged with the outlet gas of the SP furnace 16 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the description is omitted.
The material direction and the working medium direction are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The gas flow direction is the same as in the first embodiment.
The data of the unit clinker power generation amount, the unit clinker residual heat power generation amount and the unit power generation amount integrated standard coal consumption index after the implementation of each embodiment are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Pre-heater Outlet exhaust gas Temperature of | Unit clinker Electric energy production kwH/t | Unit clinker residual heat Part of the power generation kwH/t | Unit power generation amount Comprehensive standard coal consumption g/kwH | |
| Example one | 220 | 39～42 | 26～29 | 180～196 |
| Example two | 100 | 81～88 | 35～38 | 320～347 |
| EXAMPLE III | 220 | 60～65 | 39～42 | 196～213 |
| Example four | 110 | 97～100 | 43～46 | 300～330 |
| EXAMPLE five | 220 | 85～92 | 54～59 | 202～219 |
Note: the basic condition for achieving the effects is that
1) The operating parameters of the precalciner kiln before the addition of the power generation facility are shown in Table 2
TABLE 2
| Number of preheater stages | Unit clinker heat consumption (kJ/kg) | Preheater outlet exhaust gas temperature (. Degree. C.) |
| Five of them | 725×4.186 | 325 |
| Fourthly | 780×4.186 | 375 |
| III | 850×4.186 | 440 |
2) Grate type cooler
Residual air volume of 1.2m 3 Per kg of clinker
The residual air temperature is 215 DEG C
3) Steam turbine set
The steam pressure at the outlet of the boiler is 3.82MPa; the temperature is 450 DEG C
Steam pressure at an inlet of the steam turbine is 3.43MPa; the temperature is 435 DEG C
Steam pressure at the outlet of the steam turbine is 0.0069MPa;
4) The initial water content of the raw material is 5 percent
Compared with the prior art, the power generation amount of the waste heat part can be improved by more than 30 percent.
The invention can be implemented on the existing cement precalciner production line and can also be directly applied to a newly-built production line.
When the method is implemented on the production line of the existing cement precalciner kiln, the existing system needs to be properly modified.
Since additional heat energy needs to be supplied to the decomposition furnace 2, that is, the amount of fuel in the decomposition furnace 2 increases, the decomposition furnace 2 needs to be appropriately expanded in order to have a sufficient space for fuel combustion, or a combustion chamber or a fluidized furnace needs to be provided in advance of the existing decomposition furnace 2.
After the hot gas is shunted, the amount of gas in the preheater system is reduced; in order to maintain a certain gas flow velocity in the gas pipeline between the cyclone preheaters at all stages, the effective inner diameter of the pipeline needs to be correspondingly reduced.
Claims (9)
1. A cement predecomposition kiln waste heat power generation system comprises predecomposition kiln production equipment consisting of a multistage cyclone preheater and a decomposing furnace, raw material preparation, a cooler waste heat boiler, a preheater waste heat boiler, a power generation device and a kiln tail waste gas treatment system; the method is characterized in that: a three-way type hot gas flow dividing pipe is additionally arranged between two adjacent stages of cyclone preheaters or between the decomposing furnace and the cyclone preheater adjacent to the decomposing furnace, and the three-way type hot gas flow dividing pipe is provided with an air inlet and two air outlets which are respectively a first air outlet and a second air outlet; the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet of any one stage of cyclone preheater or the air outlet of the decomposing furnace in the multi-stage cyclone preheater, the first air outlet is communicated with the next stage of cyclone preheater which is adjacent to the cyclone preheater and is along the air flow direction or the first stage of cyclone preheater which is adjacent to the decomposing furnace, and the second air outlet is communicated with the preheater waste heat boiler.
2. The power generation system of claim 1, wherein: and a cyclone separator group is additionally arranged between the second air outlet and the preheater waste heat boiler.
3. The power generation system of claim 2, wherein: the cyclone separator group is one-stage or two-stage, the input end of the cyclone separator group is connected with the second air outlet, and the joint of the output end of the cyclone separator group and the preheater waste heat boiler is provided with a smoke pipeline adjusting valve.
4. The power generation system of claim 1, wherein: and another first-stage cyclone preheater is additionally arranged between the second air outlet and the preheater waste heat boiler.
5. The power generation system of claim 4, wherein: and a cyclone separator group is additionally arranged between the other first-stage cyclone preheater and the preheater waste heat boiler.
6. The power generation system of claim 5, wherein: the cyclone separator group is one-stage or two-stage, the input end of the cyclone separator group is connected with the air outlet of the other first-stage cyclone preheater, and the joint of the output end of the cyclone separator group and the preheater waste heat boiler is provided with a smoke pipeline adjusting valve.
7. The power generation system of claim 1 or 2 or 5 or 6, wherein: the cyclone preheater group is provided with at least three stages.
8. The power generation system of claim 1 or 2 or 5 or 6, wherein: the cyclone preheater group has 3-5 stages.
9. The power generation method of the cement precalciner kiln waste heat power generation system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the whole system is operated under negative pressure operation, and is characterized in that:
step 1) hot gas exhausted by a previous-stage cyclone preheater or a decomposition grate in the direction of airflow in two adjacent stages of cyclone preheaters is divided into two parts, one part is used for preheating raw materials, and the other part is used for generating electricity;
and 2) purifying the gas which is branched out in the step 1) and is used for power generation, introducing the gas into a preheater waste heat boiler, and generating superheated steam and sending the superheated steam into a steam turbine to do work and generate power.
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| CN100504160C (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2009-06-24 | 上海喆能电力工程技术有限公司 | Waste heat power generating system for dry cement production line |
| CN101571573B (en) * | 2008-09-10 | 2012-10-24 | 安徽海螺川崎工程有限公司 | Method for testing power generating performance of waste heat of cement kiln |
| CN102703157B (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2014-03-19 | 武汉建筑材料工业设计研究院有限公司 | Multi-product cleaning and producing method with coal gangue comprehensive utilization |
| DE102012020300B4 (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2016-05-12 | Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh | Process for utilizing the waste heat of a plant for the production of cement and plant for the production of cement |
| CN105043115A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-11-11 | 中能世华(北京)节能科技有限公司 | Cement kiln waste heat power-generation device |
| CN105066717B (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2017-05-03 | 北京中智信息技术股份有限公司 | Pure low-temperature afterheat power generation system of cement pit |
| CN110282889B (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2021-09-28 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Cement self-desulfurization device and method |
| CN115159877B (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2023-05-26 | 西安康桥能源技术有限责任公司 | Method for producing cement clinker by using electric power or natural gas as driving heat source |
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