CN109946662B - Phased array weather radar built-in calibration system - Google Patents
Phased array weather radar built-in calibration system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109946662B CN109946662B CN201910370672.4A CN201910370672A CN109946662B CN 109946662 B CN109946662 B CN 109946662B CN 201910370672 A CN201910370672 A CN 201910370672A CN 109946662 B CN109946662 B CN 109946662B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an internal calibration system of a phased array weather radar machine, which comprises the following components: the signal receiving and transmitting assembly is used for outputting signals after signal acquisition and calibration; the calibration unit is used for generating an excitation signal and sending the excitation signal to the signal receiving and transmitting assembly; the data processing end is used for calculating the amplitude value and the phase value difference value and the amplitude-phase correction parameter, and outputting the calculation result to the signal receiving and transmitting assembly. The method can calibrate the amplitude and the phase of each transmitting channel of the transmitter of the phased array weather radar, can calibrate the gain and the phase delay of each receiving channel in the receiving system, and improves the space-time resolution of weather detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radar standard calibration, and particularly relates to an internal calibration system of a phased array radar machine.
Background
At present, the new generation radar of the current network distribution has the defect of insufficient space-time resolution aiming at the detection and early warning of complex and changeable extreme weather due to the amplitude deviation and the phase deviation of each transmitting channel of the transmitter of the weather radar, thereby prolonging the early warning time of the disastrous weather.
The phased array radar can scan the whole airspace within tens of seconds, and can receive and transmit simultaneously in multiple channels, and the multiple channels can acquire and process data simultaneously. In phased array weather radar, due to multi-channel acquisition, there are differences in output amplitude and phase of each transmitting channel and differences in gain and phase delay of each receiving system channel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, and provides an internal calibration system of a phased array weather radar machine, which comprises the following components:
the signal receiving and transmitting assembly is used for outputting signals after signal acquisition and calibration;
the calibration unit is used for generating an excitation signal and sending the excitation signal to the signal receiving and transmitting assembly;
the data processing end is used for calculating the amplitude value and the phase value difference value and the amplitude-phase correction parameter, and outputting the calculation result to the signal receiving and transmitting assembly.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can calibrate the amplitude and the phase of each transmitting channel of the transmitter of the phased array weather radar, can calibrate the gain and the phase delay of each receiving channel in the receiving system, and improves the space-time resolution of weather detection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a system schematic diagram of an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a calibration unit;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a data acquisition unit.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an internal calibration system of a phased array weather radar machine, including:
the signal receiving and transmitting assembly is used for outputting signals after signal acquisition and calibration;
the calibration unit is used for generating an excitation signal and sending the excitation signal to the signal receiving and transmitting assembly;
the data processing end is used for calculating the amplitude value and the phase value difference value and the amplitude-phase correction parameter, and outputting the calculation result to the signal receiving and transmitting assembly.
Further, an active divider is further connected between the calibration unit and the signal receiving and transmitting assembly, and is used for dividing the excitation signal output by the calibration unit into one path or multiple paths to the signal receiving and transmitting assembly.
Further, a coupling unit for coupling the output signal of the signal receiving and transmitting assembly to the calibration unit is also connected between the signal receiving and transmitting assembly and the calibration unit.
Further, the calibration unit comprises an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, an FPGA circuit for amplitude-phase correction, a waveform generation circuit for generating an excitation signal and a data receiving and transmitting circuit for data transmission with a data processing end; the output end of the analog-to-digital conversion circuit is connected with the input end of the FPGA circuit; the output end of the FPGA circuit is connected with the waveform generation circuit; the FPGA circuit is connected with the data processing end through a data receiving and transmitting circuit.
Further, the data processing end comprises a local data processor and a terminal computer; the local data processor is used for signal processing and excitation signal control; the terminal computer is used for calculating amplitude, phase value, amplitude difference, phase difference and amplitude-phase correction parameters; the local data processor is in data connection with the terminal computer; the local data processor is connected with the calibration unit and the signal receiving and transmitting assembly.
Further, a data acquisition unit is further connected between the signal receiving and transmitting assembly and the data processing end and used for detecting signal amplitude and phase value.
The calibration process of the transmitting system comprises the following steps: the calibration unit generates an excitation signal, the excitation signal passes through the power divider and is input into a plurality of signal receiving and transmitting assemblies of the phased array radar, the plurality of signal receiving and transmitting assemblies amplify and transmit the signals respectively, and the amplified signals are coupled to the directional coupler according to the coupling proportion; the calibration unit collects signals in the directional coupler and uploads the data to the local data processor; the local data processor processes the data and uploads the processed data to the terminal computer; the terminal computer calculates amplitude values and phase values of the plurality of processed transmitting signals acquired by the calibration unit, namely transmitting channel data, calculates amplitude differences and phase differences of the transmitting channel data, compares the amplitude differences and the phase differences with design values of the transmitting channel data, calculates amplitude correction values and phase value correction values, and sends the correction parameters to the local data processor; the calibration unit sends the correction parameters to the signal transceiver component.
The receiving system calibration process comprises the following steps: after the calibration of the transmitting system is finished, a plurality of receiving signal components or acquisition channels acquire echo signals output by the calibrated signal receiving and transmitting components respectively and transmit echo data to a local data processor; the local data processor processes the signals and then uploads the signals to the terminal computer; the terminal computer calculates the amplitude and phase values of the plurality of receiving signals acquired by the calibration unit, namely the receiving channel data, obtains the amplitude difference and the phase value difference of each channel data, compares the amplitude difference and the phase value difference with the set amplitude and phase value to calculate the amplitude correction parameter and the phase value correction parameter, and then sends the correction parameter to the local data processor to carry out the amplitude and phase correction of the receiving channel.
As shown in the schematic diagram of the calibration unit in figure 2, the waveform generation circuit generates a transmission excitation signal and outputs the transmission excitation signal to the power divider to be divided into transmission channels, and the analog-to-digital conversion circuit acquires the signal output by the directional coupler and then transmits the signal to the FPGA circuit for data processing. The data receiving and transmitting circuit receives the data output by the FPGA circuit, serializes the data and transmits the serialized data to the local data processor through the optical fiber; the local data processor processes and packages the data and uploads the data to the terminal computer.
The waveform generation circuit comprises a digital frequency synthesis chip, a peripheral circuit of the digital frequency synthesis chip, a differential conversion circuit and an amplifier circuit; the FPGA circuit controls the chip to work in a RAM mode and generates waveforms with corresponding frequencies according to RAM values provided by the FPGA circuit. The waveform generated by the digital frequency synthesis chip is converted into single-ended by the differential conversion circuit through the transformer, and then amplified by the amplifier and output to the power divider.
The data receiving and transmitting circuit is mainly used for exchanging data with the data processing board, and the circuit can serialize and modulate a large amount of data on the laser carrier by using the SFP module and perform high-speed transmission through the optical fiber. The design adopts a single-mode bidirectional full duplex SFP laser module.
The data acquisition unit comprises an acquisition channel circuit, a second programmable logic circuit, a clock distribution circuit and a second data receiving and transmitting circuit which are sequentially connected. The acquisition channel circuit is used for acquiring output detection of the signal receiving and transmitting circuit. The output end of the second data receiving and transmitting circuit is connected with the local data processing unit.
The amplitude and the phase are calculated in a digital mode, and the parameter can be accurately calibrated. The device uses the SFP laser module to cooperate with the single-mode fiber to carry out data transmission, thereby enhancing the data transmission distance, the stability of data transmission and the anti-interference capability. The amplitude and phase correction is carried out in an all-digital mode, so that the debugging difficulty and the installation difficulty of a large number of analog circuits are avoided, and the device adopts a large-scale integrated circuit device (FPGA), so that the huge circuit structure of the system is reduced, and the hardware cost of the system is reduced.
The method can calibrate the amplitude and the phase of each transmitting channel of the transmitter of the phased array weather radar, can calibrate the gain and the phase delay of each receiving channel in the receiving system, and improves the space-time resolution of weather detection.
The technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiment, and all technical modifications made according to the technical scheme of the invention fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A phased array weather radar intra-machine calibration system, comprising:
the signal receiving and transmitting assembly is used for outputting signals after signal acquisition and calibration;
the calibration unit is used for generating an excitation signal and sending the excitation signal to the signal receiving and transmitting assembly;
the data processing end is used for calculating amplitude and phase value difference values and amplitude and phase correction parameters and outputting calculation results to the signal receiving and transmitting assembly;
the calibration unit comprises an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, an FPGA circuit for amplitude-phase correction, a waveform generation circuit for generating an excitation signal and a data receiving and transmitting circuit for data transmission with the data processing end; the output end of the analog-to-digital conversion circuit is connected with the input end of the FPGA circuit; the output end of the FPGA circuit is connected with the waveform generation circuit; the FPGA circuit is connected with the data processing end through a data receiving and transmitting circuit;
the calibration process of the transmitting system is as follows: the calibration unit generates an excitation signal, the excitation signal passes through the power divider and is input into a plurality of signal receiving and transmitting assemblies of the phased array radar, the plurality of signal receiving and transmitting assemblies amplify and transmit the signals respectively, and the amplified signals are coupled to the directional coupler according to the coupling proportion; the calibration unit collects signals in the directional coupler and uploads the data to the local data processor; the local data processor processes the data and uploads the processed data to the terminal computer; the terminal computer calculates amplitude values and phase values of the plurality of processed transmitting signals acquired by the calibration unit, namely transmitting channel data, calculates amplitude differences and phase differences of the transmitting channel data, compares the amplitude differences and the phase differences with design values of the transmitting channel data, calculates amplitude correction values and phase value correction values, and sends the correction parameters to the local data processor; the calibration unit sends the correction parameters to the signal receiving and transmitting assembly;
the calibration process of the receiving system is as follows: after the calibration of the transmitting system is finished, a plurality of receiving signal components or acquisition channels acquire echo signals output by the calibrated signal receiving and transmitting components respectively and transmit echo data to a local data processor; the local data processor processes the signals and then uploads the signals to the terminal computer; the terminal computer calculates the amplitude and phase values of the plurality of receiving signals acquired by the calibration unit, namely the receiving channel data, obtains the amplitude difference and the phase value difference of each channel data, compares the amplitude difference and the phase value difference with the set amplitude and phase value to calculate the amplitude correction parameter and the phase value correction parameter, and then sends the correction parameter to the local data processor to carry out the amplitude and phase correction of the receiving channel.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein an active divider is further connected between the calibration unit and the signal transceiver, and is configured to divide the excitation signal output by the calibration unit into one or more paths to the signal transceiver.
3. The phased array weather radar intra-machine calibration system of claim 1, wherein a coupling unit for coupling an output signal of the signal transceiver module to the calibration unit is further connected between the signal transceiver module and the calibration unit.
4. The phased array weather radar intra-machine calibration system of claim 1, wherein the data processing end comprises a local data processor and a terminal computer; the local data processor is used for signal processing and excitation signal control; the terminal computer is used for calculating amplitude, phase value, amplitude difference, phase difference and amplitude-phase correction parameters; the local data processor is in data connection with the terminal computer; the local data processor is connected with the calibration unit and the signal receiving and transmitting assembly.
5. The phased array weather radar machine internal calibration system of claim 1, wherein a data acquisition unit is further connected between the signal transceiver component and the data processing end for detecting signal amplitude and phase value.
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