CN109706454A - 一种无低表面能物质改性的铝合金超疏水表面制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于金属材料表面处理技术领域,提供了一种无低表面能物质改性的铝合金超疏水表面制备方法。该方法将经过预处理的铝合金基体置于盐酸溶液中,采用化学蚀刻法,在铝合金基体表面形成微纳米级的粗糙结构;清洗后,立即将铝合金放入烘箱内高温烘干;然后,在室温下自然冷却,从而实现铝合金表面的超疏水化。采用本发明所制备的铝合金表面具有优良的超疏水性,其表面的接触角可达164°,滚动角小于5°。本发明铝合金超疏水表面及其制备方法无需特殊设备、工艺简单、制备快速,而且省去了传统的低表面能物质改性过程,具有潜在的工业应用前景,也可为其他超疏水表面的制备提供新的思路。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于金属材料表面处理技术领域,特别涉及一种无低表面能物质改性的铝合金超疏水表面制备方法。
背景技术
在自然界中,许多植物和动物表面,如植物的叶子、昆虫的翅膀和鸟的羽毛,都表现出了超疏水性,其中荷叶是最典型的代表,水滴可以在其表面自由地滚动并同时去除污垢。由于具有流体减阻、防结冰和防雾、表面耐腐蚀和自洁等优点,超疏水表面在日常生活、工业生产、国防科技以及医学研究等领域具有潜在的应用前景。铝及其合金作为最常用的金属材料,已经广泛应用于航空航天、国防、运载等高端制造领域,在其基体上制备具有超疏水功能的表面已经引起了广大研究者的关注。
目前,化学刻蚀、热喷涂、气相沉积和电镀等方法可用于在金属基体上制备具有超疏水功能的表面。申请号为201110152051.2的专利公开了一种电镀法制备超疏水钴镀层的方法,所用的电镀液以氯化胆碱离子液体作为溶剂,以NiCl2或NiCl2·6H2O为溶质,在一定温度和电镀电压下,电镀制备了超疏水钴镀层。专利号为200810150857.6的专利申请公开了一种用电化学法制备超疏水表面的工艺方法,通过两步处理工艺方法,即先电化学刻蚀再通过草酸阳极氧化来在铝及其合金表面构造微纳米双重粗糙结构,然后通过氟硅烷修饰来制备超疏水表面。文献“S.Barthwal,Y.S.Kim,S.-H.Lim.Fabrication of amphiphobicsurface by using titanium anodization for large-area three-dimensionalsubstrates.Journal of Colloid And Interface Science,2013,400:123-129”采用两步阳极氧化法在钛合金表面构筑纳米管表面形貌,用氟硅烷改性微米和纳米结构的钛合金表面,制备了超疏水表面。上述发明都需要复杂的实验装置和相对繁琐的工艺步骤,而且表面改性所需的氟硅烷对自然环境和人类健康具有潜在危险。为了克服这些问题,本发明提供了一种不需要复杂工艺和表面改性处理便能得到铝合金超疏水表面的制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种简单有效、成本低廉且无低表面能物质改性的铝合金超疏水表面制备方法。
本发明的技术方案:
一种无低表面能物质改性的铝合金超疏水表面制备方法,步骤如下:
将经过预处理的铝合金基体置于盐酸溶液中,采用化学蚀刻法,常温化学蚀刻的时间为9~13min,在铝合金基体表面形成微纳米级的粗糙结构;清洗后,于烘干温度80℃~200℃条件下烘干至少60min;然后,在室温下自然冷却,从而实现铝合金表面的超疏水化。
所述预处理,将铝合金基体表面用300#砂纸打磨,然后先后分别用丙酮、无水乙醇和去离子水超声清洗铝合金基体表面5min。
所述盐酸溶液是质量分数为35%的盐酸溶液。
所述化学蚀刻的时间为10min,烘干时间为60min,烘干温度为140℃。
所述蚀刻后的铝合金基体取出浸泡到去离子水中清洗30s。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明制备方法不需要复杂的加工设备,制备过程简单,具有很好的应用价值。
(2)本发明热处理方法简单,所用化学试剂成分简单,成本低廉。
(3)本发明在铝合金表面制备的超疏水表面平整、均匀,具有超疏水特性,接触角在150~164°范围,滚动角小于5°。本发明制备的超疏水表面可应用于多种工业零部件外表面和金属管道内壁等需要自清洁、耐腐蚀、抗结冰和减小水阻力等各种场合。
(4)本发明所述方法制备的样品仅需加热,获得超疏水性,无需低表面能物质修饰,与常规超疏水表面制备技术不同,避免了低表面能有机物的使用。
附图说明
图1(a)和(b)分别为本发明实施例制得的铝合金表面未烘干前放大5000倍和40000倍的扫描电镜形貌图。
图2(a)和(b)分别为本发明实施例制得的铝合金表面烘干后放大5000倍和40000倍的扫描电镜形貌图。
图3为本发明实施例制得的铝合金超疏水表面的接触角测试结果图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和技术方案,进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例采用盐酸溶液构建铝合金表面粗糙结构:
(1)将铝合金板切割成规格大小为30mm×20mm×5mm的合金块,并用300#砂纸打磨去除表面氧化物。先后用丙酮、无水乙醇或去离子水分别超声清洗铝合金基体表面5min,自然干燥。
(2)配制质量分数为35%的盐酸溶液。
(3)将预处理后的铝合金基体竖直放置,浸泡在配置好的盐酸溶液中,在室温下蚀刻10min。
(4)取出蚀刻后的铝合金基体,用去离子水清洗30s,然后立即放入烘箱中烘干,其中烘箱温度为140℃,烘干时间为60min。
(5)取出烘干后的试样,在室温下自然冷却。
(6)使用去离子水检验超疏水表面合格,即得到铝合金基体的超疏水表面。
(7)接触角测量时水滴大小为5μL,检测上述处理后基体表面接触角为164°。
图1为采用实施例所制得的铝合金超疏水表面未烘干前放大5000倍和40000倍的扫描电镜表面形貌照片,图1a观察到突起彼此分开或连接在一起,一些毛孔连在一起形成更大更长的沟,从图1b中较高放大倍数的SEM图像可以看出,在孔隙和突起上没有产生明显的纳米级形态。
图2为采用实施例所制得的铝合金超疏水表面烘干后放大5000倍和40000倍的扫描电镜表面形貌照片。可以观察到蚀刻的表面在140℃下烘烤60min后,通过纳米级的絮凝物形态密集地覆盖了突起或孔隙,形成了更加粗糙密集的微纳米结构,如图2a和b所示。
图3为经过本发明所制备的铝合金超疏水表面,用去离子水滴到铝合金基体表面进行接触角测定。
Claims (8)
1.一种无低表面能物质改性的铝合金超疏水表面制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
将经过预处理的铝合金基体置于盐酸溶液中,采用化学蚀刻法,常温化学蚀刻的时间为9~13min,在铝合金基体表面形成微纳米级的粗糙结构;清洗后,于烘干温度80℃~200℃条件下烘干至少60min;然后,在室温下自然冷却,从而实现铝合金表面的超疏水化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铝合金超疏水表面制备方法,其特征在于,所述预处理,将铝合金基体表面用300#砂纸打磨,然后先后分别用丙酮、无水乙醇和去离子水超声清洗铝合金基体表面5min。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的铝合金超疏水表面制备方法,其特征在于,所述盐酸溶液是质量分数为35%的盐酸溶液。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的铝合金超疏水表面制备方法,其特征在于,所述化学蚀刻的时间为10min,烘干时间为60min,烘干温度为140℃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的铝合金超疏水表面制备方法,其特征在于,所述化学蚀刻的时间为10min,烘干时间为60min,烘干温度为140℃。
6.根据权利要求1、2或5所述的铝合金超疏水表面制备方法,其特征在于,所述蚀刻后的铝合金基体取出浸泡到去离子水中清洗30s。
7.根据权利要求3所述的铝合金超疏水表面制备方法,其特征在于,所述蚀刻后的铝合金基体取出浸泡到去离子水中清洗30s。
8.根据权利要求4所述的铝合金超疏水表面制备方法,其特征在于,所述蚀刻后的铝合金基体取出浸泡到去离子水中清洗30s。
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110714212A (zh) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-01-21 | 常州大学 | 一种水溶液体系中由氯化镍一步法制备超疏水镍薄膜的方法 |
CN114877570A (zh) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-08-09 | 桂林电子科技大学 | 一种电动汽车热泵型空调车外换热器翅片及其除霜用超疏水涂层的制备方法 |
CN115029767A (zh) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-09-09 | 珠海市湖大科技有限公司 | 一种铝合金无机超疏水表面的制备方法 |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110714212A (zh) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-01-21 | 常州大学 | 一种水溶液体系中由氯化镍一步法制备超疏水镍薄膜的方法 |
CN115029767A (zh) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-09-09 | 珠海市湖大科技有限公司 | 一种铝合金无机超疏水表面的制备方法 |
CN115029767B (zh) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-12-29 | 湖北大学 | 一种铝合金无机超疏水表面的制备方法 |
CN114877570A (zh) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-08-09 | 桂林电子科技大学 | 一种电动汽车热泵型空调车外换热器翅片及其除霜用超疏水涂层的制备方法 |
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