CN109320708B - 一种手性发光液晶高分子及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种手性发光液晶高分子及其制备方法。首先合成手性发光的环氧单体,然后通过离子聚合或配位聚合进行开环聚合合成手性发光液晶高分子。本发明引入了手性环氧主链,使得该类液晶高分子在具备发光液晶性的同时具有很好的旋光性。本发明的手性发光液晶高分子材料具有良好的光电性能、加工性及可能形成宏观的螺旋结构,在不对称催化、手性识别、圆偏振发光、医学和材料科学领域有较为广泛的运用前景。此外,环氧化合物开环聚合形成的聚醚具有良好的绝缘性和耐腐蚀性,在3D技术和生化领域等方面具有广泛的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及到了有机合成及高分子化学与物理领域,更具体的说涉及一种手性发光液晶高分子及其制备方法。
背景技术
发光液晶在在发光二极管、显示器、信息存储、传感器、半导体材料等都有广泛的应用。而将手性螺旋引入发光液晶高分子,有助于拓展其在圆偏振发光方面的应用,同时该类手性发光液晶高分子在不对称催化、手性生物学、手性识别等领域有较为广泛的应用前景。
本发明利用利用庞大的发光侧基撑起柔顺的聚醚主链从而使环氧聚合物拥有液晶性。本发明公开了一种手性发光液晶高分子及其制备方法,将荧光基团及手性环氧主链引入到聚合物中,通过合理的分子设计,使该类聚合物具有螺旋发光和液晶性,进而拓展了该类分子的应用。
发明内容
本发明旨在通过引入发光基团和手性环氧主链构筑手性发光液晶高分子,提供了一种手性发光液晶高分子的制备方法。
本发明的技术方案:
一种手性发光液晶高分子,其特征在于其含有发光基团的刚性侧链,并含有手性环氧聚醚主链,其结构如Ⅰ所示:
式中,n为15~500的整数。R0可以是O,N,也可以没有,
R1为式Ⅱ中所示的带有刚性苯环的发光基团中的一种:
R2为式Ⅲ中所示的液晶基元或为氢、烷基或烷氧基中的一种,可以连接一个也可以多个。
式中,Z为烷基、烷氧基、酯基、酯氨基中的一种,0≤m≤12。
上述的一种手性发光液晶高分子的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备手性(左旋(S)或者右旋(R))环氧单体,单体的结构如Ⅳ所示:
R0,R1,R2的含义如上述所示;
(2)利用离子聚合、配位聚合的方法,得到手性发光液晶高分子。
进一步地,步骤(1)中所述,制备环氧单体具备左旋(S)手性或者右旋(R)手性。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中,所采用的聚方式包括:阴离子聚合,阳离子聚合,配位聚合。
进一步地,阴离子聚合,采用KOH,叔丁醇钾中的一种作为引发剂。
进一步地,阳离子聚合,采用质子酸和路易斯酸中的一种作为引发剂。
进一步地,配位聚合,采用FeCl3/H2O,ZnEt2/Me OH,ZnEt2等中的一种作为引发剂。
本发明具有如下技术效果:
本发明利用庞大的发光基团侧基撑起柔顺的聚醚主链从而使环氧聚合物具有发光液晶性,同时,由于主链含有手性基团,因此其具有旋光性。如果引入不同的液晶基元和发光基团,则表现出复杂的液晶及荧光变化。本发明的手性发光液晶高分子,具有良好的荧光性质以及旋光性,进一步拓展了传统液晶高分子的应用。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中的单体的1H NMR图。
图2是实施例1中手性发光液晶高分子的POM图。
图3是实施例1中手性发光液晶高分子的单体(左图)及聚合物(右图)的荧光图。
图4是实施例1中手性发光液晶高分子的单体及聚合物的比旋光度。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明,但本发明并不限于此。
实施例1
一种手性发光液晶高分子,其结构式如下图:
(S)-四苯乙烯-3-氧基-1,2-环氧丙烷聚合物
制备方法如下:
原料:4-羟基二苯甲酮,二苯甲酮,Zn粉,四氯化钛,(S)-环氧氯丙烷,四正丁基溴化铵,无水碳酸钾,氢氧化钾,三氟乙酸,三氯化铝。
(1)合成4-羟基-四苯乙烯
在装有磁子的250mL的三口瓶,加入4-羟基二苯甲酮(6g,0.0303mol),二苯甲酮(6.6g,0.0363mol),Zn粉(8.2g,0.1273mol)和四氢呋喃(120mL),通氮气,混合搅拌一个小时,在冰盐浴下慢慢滴加四氯化钛(5.757g,0.0666mol),滴加完毕后,撤掉冰盐浴,室温反应2小时,然后放到油浴锅中回流12小时,待反应结束后冷却到室温,加入10%~15%的碳酸钾溶液,抽滤,用二氯甲烷萃取,旋干溶剂,层析过柱得到产物。产率35%。
(2)(S)-四苯乙烯-3-氧基-1,2-环氧丙烷单体的合成
在装有磁子的100mL圆底烧瓶,加入4-羟基-四苯乙烯(2g,0.0057mol),(S)-环氧氯丙烷(1.5956g,0.0172mol),无水碳酸钾(2.36g,0.017mol),四正丁基溴化铵(0.12g)和丙酮(50mL),回流过夜,待反应完毕,抽滤,旋干溶剂,层析过柱得到产物(85%)。
(3)(S)-四苯乙烯-3-氧基-1,2-环氧丙烷聚合物的合成
将(S)-四苯乙烯-3-氧基-1,2-环氧丙烷(1g,0.0024mol),氢氧化钾(4.9mg,0.0049mol)依次加入到聚合管中,加入1.25mL精制的甲苯作为溶剂。经过“三冻三溶”真空下封管。将聚合管放在110℃油浴锅中反应数天,停止反应。打开聚合管,用THF稀释,用6~8倍的甲醇沉降,重复几次,将沉淀干燥,得到单体,产率66%。
改变引发剂种类,其余操作不变,也可以得到目标聚合物。
图1为(S)-四苯乙烯-3-氧基-1,2-环氧丙烷单体的1H NMR图,所示可以明确表示该单体已经合成。图2是聚合物的POM表征,取少量的样品放到载玻片上,加热到120℃出现明显的双折射现象,表明它具有液晶性。图3是单体(左)及聚合物(右)在水/四氢呋喃的荧光图,在不同的水含量(依次0~90%)里边都呈现出了聚集诱导发光效应。图4是单体及聚合物的比旋光度,比旋光度测定(c=10mg/m L,THF,20℃,436nm),比旋光度表示物质具有手性结构。
实施例2
一种手性发光液晶高分子,其结构式如下图:
(R)-四苯乙烯-3-氧基-1,2-环氧丙烷聚合物
制备方法如下:
原料:4-羟基二苯甲酮,Zn粉,四氯化钛,(R)-环氧氯丙烷,四正丁基溴化铵,无水碳酸钾,氢氧化钾,三氟乙酸,三氯化铝。
(4)合成4-羟基-四苯乙烯
在装有磁子的250mL的三口瓶,加入4-羟基二苯甲酮(6g,0.0303mol),二苯甲酮(6.6g,0.0363mol),Zn粉(8.2g,0.1273mol)和四氢呋喃(120mL),通氮气,混合搅拌一个小时,在冰盐浴下慢慢滴加四氯化钛(5.757g,0.0666mol),滴加完毕后,撤掉冰盐浴,室温反应2小时,然后放到油浴锅中回流12小时,待反应结束后冷却到室温,加入10%~15%的碳酸钾溶液,抽滤,用二氯甲烷萃取,旋干溶剂,层析过柱得到产物。产率33%。
(5)(R)-四苯乙烯-3-氧基-1,2-环氧丙烷单体的合成
在装有磁子的100mL圆底烧瓶,加入4-羟基-四苯乙烯(2g,0.0057mol),(R)-环氧氯丙烷(1.5956g,0.0172mol),无水碳酸钾(2.36g,0.017mol),四正丁基溴化铵(0.12g)和丙酮(50mL),回流过夜,待反应完毕,抽滤,旋干溶剂,层析过柱得到产物,产率80%。
(6)(R)-四苯乙烯-3-氧基-1,2-环氧丙烷聚合物的合成
将(R)-四苯乙烯-3-氧基-1,2-环氧丙烷(1g,0.0024mol),氢氧化钾(4.9mg,0.0049mol)依次加入到聚合管中,加入1.25mL精制的甲苯作为溶剂。经过“三冻三溶”真空下封管。将聚合管放在110℃油浴锅中反应数天,停止反应。打开聚合管,用THF稀释,用6~8倍的甲醇沉降,重复几次,将沉淀干燥,得到单体,产率50%。
改变引发剂种类,其余操作不变,也可以得到目标聚合物。
Claims (7)
3.如权利要求书2所述的一种手性发光液晶高分子的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,所采用的聚合方式包括:阴离子聚合,阳离子聚合,配位聚合。
4.如权利要求书3所述的一种手性发光液晶高分子的制备方法,其特征在于,包括溶液聚合与本体聚合的方法。
5.如权利要求书3所述的一种手性发光液晶高分子的制备方法,其特征在于,阴离子聚合采用KOH,叔丁醇钾中的一种作为引发剂。
6.如权利要求书3所述的一种手性发光液晶高分子手的制备方法,其特征在于,阳离子聚合采用质子酸或者路易斯酸的一种作为引发剂。
7.如权利要求书3所述的一种手性发光液晶高分子的制备方法,其特征在于,配位聚合采用FeCl3/H2O,ZnEt2/Me OH,ZnEt2中的一种作为引发剂。
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