CN109252196B - 一种制备MnCo2O4微纳米纤维的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种制备MnCo2O4微纳米纤维的方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将硫酸锰、硫酸钴、硫酸铵、柠檬酸铵、十二烷基硫酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸溶于蒸馏水中配置成镀液A;硫酸钴、硫酸锰、硼酸、柠檬酸铵、乙酸钠、邻磺酰苯甲酰亚胺、乙二胺四乙酸溶于蒸馏水中配置成镀液B;(2)采用镍箔作为基材,在镀液A中采用脉冲电镀沉积形成金属镀层A;(3)在镀液B中,在金属镀层A上采用脉冲电镀沉积形成金属镀层B;(4)采用氧化法对含有镀层AB的镍箔进行氧化,得到MnCo2O4微纳米纤维。该方法工艺简单,成本低,制备出的MnCo2O4氧化彻底且尺寸分布均匀,不会形成MnCo2Ox副产物,满足工业化生产需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电化学技术领域,特别涉及一种制备MnCo2O4微纳米纤维的方法。
背景技术
MnCo2O4具有独特的结构特性和优异的磁性、光学、催化及电化学性能等,使其在电磁、催化、传感、电化学储能和固体燃料电池等领域有广阔的应用前景。MnCo2O4尖晶石的性能与其形貌、粒径密切相关,微纳米MnCo2O4尖晶石由于具有巨大的比表面积,性能大大提高。现有的制备技术通常是用于制备MnCo2O4微纳米颗粒、微纳米花等零维材料。对于一维的微纳米棒或微纳米纤维则鲜有报道。
Nissinen等(Preparation by Microwave-assisted Route Synthesis(MARS)andthe Effect of CarbonAdmixture。Chem.Mater.,2003,15(26):4974-4979.)采用两步法制备了MnCo2O4尖晶石纳米颗粒,氧化还原电催化活性大大提高。周国伟等(Controllablesynthesis and electrochemical properties of MnCo2O4nanorods and microcubes,Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem.Eng.Aspects 522(2017)525–535)采用水热法制备了纳米棒。但上述方法制备方法比较复杂,很难实现大规模工业化生产,限制了该方法的应用。
专利201610403183.0公开了一种电沉积法制备MnCo2O4尖晶石涂层的方法,该方法利用含钴源和锰源的镀液一次性电镀沉积成含有锰钴电镀层,然后氧化成MnCo2O4尖晶石涂层。由于Mn2+和Co2+电位差异较大,二者很难实现共沉积,虽然该方法采用一次性电镀实现了共沉积,但在后续的氧化过程中很难得到纤维状的MnCo2O4,只能制备层状的宏观二维结构,而宏观二维结构的MnCo2O4的催化、电化学性能远远不如一维的微纳米纤维状 MnCo2O4。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述不足,本发明的目的就在于提供一种制备MnCo2O4微纳米纤维的方法,以解决现有微纳米纤维状钴酸锰制备方法过于复杂和成本较高的问题。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种制备MnCo2O4微纳米纤维的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将硫酸锰、硫酸钴、硫酸铵、柠檬酸铵、十二烷基硫酸钠和乙二胺四乙酸溶于蒸馏水中配置成镀液A,镀液A中各组分浓度为:硫酸锰100-300g/L、硫酸钴10-30g/L、硫酸铵50-150g/L、柠檬酸铵20-40g/L、十二烷基硫酸钠0.5-2.0g/L、乙二胺四乙酸0.5-1.5g/L;
将硫酸钴、硫酸锰、硼酸、柠檬酸铵、乙酸钠、邻磺酰苯甲酰亚胺和乙二胺四乙酸溶于蒸馏水中配置成镀液B,镀液B中各组分浓度为:硫酸钴300-500g/L、硫酸锰30-50g/L、硼酸30-80g/L、柠檬酸铵20-40g/L、乙酸钠1-5g/L、邻磺酰苯甲酰亚胺0.3-1.0g/L、乙二胺四乙酸0.5-1.5g/L;
(2)采用镍箔作为基材,在镀液A中,以铂电极作为阳极,镍箔作为阴极,在镍箔上脉冲电镀沉积形成金属镀层A;
(3)在步骤(2)的基础上,在镀液B中,以含有镀层A的镍箔作为阴极,铂电极作为阳极,在金属镀层A上脉冲电镀沉积形成金属镀层B;
(4)采用氧化法对含有金属镀层AB的镍箔进行氧化,即得到MnCo2O4微纳米纤维。
进一步,步骤(4)的氧化工艺为,将含有金属镀层AB的镍箔放入管式炉中,抽真空排除炉内空气,然后以流量30-100mL/min通入氮气;控制恒温水槽温度为20-40℃;通入氮气30min后,以100℃/h的升温速率对管式炉升温至900-1200℃,保温3-10h,然后停止加热随炉冷却至室温,取出样品,镍箔表面镀层AB即被氧化为MnCo2O4微纳米纤维。
进一步,步骤(2)和(3)的脉冲电镀工艺为,调节镀液的pH值为3.0-5.0,镀液温度为20-40℃,平均电流密度20-100mA/cm2,占空比0.3-0.7;在电镀过程中采用电磁搅拌镀液,搅拌速度50-150rev/min,通电时间3-20min。
进一步,步骤(2)和(3)的电镀工艺中,采用稀硫酸和稀氢氧化钠溶液调节镀液的pH值。
因Mn2+的电极电位为-1.179V,Co2+的电极电位为-0.277V,由此可知两者电极电位差异较大,两者很难在直流电镀的时候同时沉积在基底上。本发明采用脉冲电沉积两次电镀,第一次脉冲电镀沉积:镀液A中硫酸锰、硫酸钴作为锰源和钴源,从而得到含有少量Co的Mn镀层,这里少量Co作为后面氧化过程中便于扩散进行的活性点;第二次脉冲电镀沉积:镀液B中也是以硫酸锰、硫酸钴作为锰源和钴源,镀液B是为了得到的含有少量 Mn的Co镀层,这里少量的Mn也作为后面氧化过程中便于扩散进行的活性点。两次电镀获得了良好的具有较高的化学活性的金属锰和金属钴镀层,使得两种镀层在随后的氧化过程中方便进行扩散,从而有利于形成MnCo2O4纤维。
镀液A中的硫酸铵是为了增加导电性使用,十二烷基硫酸钠作阴离子型表面活化剂、乳化剂及发泡剂;镀液B中的硼酸、乙酸钠起缓冲作用,邻磺酰苯甲酰亚胺可以降低镀层内应力是镀层更平整,有利于氧化过程中纤维的生长。镀液A和镀液B中共有的组分柠檬酸铵和乙二胺四乙酸分别作为络合剂、螯合剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:该方法工艺简单,成本低,制备出的MnCo2O4氧化彻底且尺寸分布均匀,不会形成MnCo2Ox副产物,满足工业化生产需求。
附图说明
图1-实施例1制备得到的MnCo2O4微纳米纤维电镜图。
图2-实施例1制备得到的MnCo2O4微纳米纤维XRD图谱。
图3-实施例2制备得到的MnCo2O4微纳米纤维电镜图。
图4-实施例2制备得到的MnCo2O4微纳米纤维XRD图谱。
图5-氧化装置示意图。
其中:1-氮气;2-调节阀;3-流量计;4-密封烧瓶;5-恒温水槽;6-管式炉;7-瓷盘;8-含有镀层AB的镍箔;9-真空泵。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
一种制备MnCo2O4微纳米纤维的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将硫酸锰、硫酸钴、硫酸铵、柠檬酸铵、十二烷基硫酸钠和乙二胺四乙酸溶于蒸馏水中配置成镀液A备用,镀液A各组分浓度为:硫酸锰150g/L、硫酸钴15g/L、硫酸铵50g/L、柠檬酸铵30g/L、十二烷基硫酸钠0.5g/L、乙二胺四乙酸1g/L。
将硫酸钴、硫酸锰、硼酸、柠檬酸铵、乙酸钠、邻磺酰苯甲酰亚胺和乙二胺四乙酸溶于蒸馏水中配置成镀液B备用;镀液B中各组分浓度为:硫酸钴300g/L、硫酸锰30g/L、硼酸30g/L、柠檬酸铵20g/L、乙酸钠2g/L、邻磺酰苯甲酰亚胺0.3g/L、乙二胺四乙酸1g/L。
(2)采用镍箔作为基材,在镀液A中采用脉冲电沉积形成金属镀层A(该镀层主要是金属Mn,还含有少量Co)。具体的电沉积工艺为:采用铂电极作为阳极,镍箔作为阴极,采用稀硫酸和稀氢氧化钠溶液调节镀液A的pH为3.0,镀液温度为40℃,平均电流密度50mA/cm2,占空比0.4在电镀过程中采用电磁搅拌镀液,搅拌速度100rev/min,通电时间15min。
(3)在步骤(2)的基础上,在镀液B中,在镀层A上面电沉积金属镀层B(该镀层主要是金属Co,还含有少量Mn)。具体的电沉积工艺为:将含有镀层A的镍箔作为阴极,铂电极作为阳极,采用稀硫酸和稀氢氧化钠溶液调节镀液B的pH为4.0,平均电流密度 100mA/cm2,占空比0.6在电镀过程中采用电磁搅拌镀液,搅拌速度100rev/min,通电时间 5min。
(4)采用氧化法对含有镀层AB的镍箔进行氧化,得到MnCo2O4微纳米纤维。具体的氧化工艺为:采用如图5所示实验装置,将含有金属锰钴镀层的镍箔放入管式炉中,抽真空排除炉内空气,然后以流量100mL/min通入氮气;控制恒温水槽温度为30℃;通入氮气30min后,以100℃/h的升温速率对管式炉升温至1000℃,保温5h,然后停止加热随炉冷却至室温,取出样品,镍箔表面镀层AB被氧化为MnCo2O4微纳米纤维。
本实施例得到的MnCo2O4微纳米纤维的电镜照片见图1,由图1可知,该MnCo2O4微纳米纤维直径在1微米左右,尺寸分布比较均匀。该纤维的X射线衍射图谱见图2,由图2可知,该纤维完全由MnCo2O4组成(衍射峰和MnCo2O4的JCPDS标准卡片231237 一一对应),不存在杂质峰。
实施例2
一种制备MnCo2O4微纳米纤维的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将硫酸锰、硫酸钴、硫酸铵、柠檬酸铵、十二烷基硫酸钠和乙二胺四乙酸溶于蒸馏水中配置成镀液A备用;镀液A各组分浓度为:硫酸锰300g/L、硫酸钴30g/L、硫酸铵150g/L、柠檬酸铵40g/L、十二烷基硫酸钠1.5g/L、乙二胺四乙酸1.5g/L。
将硫酸钴、硫酸锰、硼酸、柠檬酸铵、乙酸钠、邻磺酰苯甲酰亚胺和乙二胺四乙酸溶于蒸馏水中配置成镀液B备用;镀液B中各组分浓度为:将硫酸钴500g/L、硫酸锰50g/L、硼酸80g/L、柠檬酸铵40g/L、乙酸钠5g/L、邻磺酰苯甲酰亚胺0.8g/L、乙二胺四乙酸1.5g/L。
(2)采用镍箔作为基材,在镀液A中采用脉冲电沉积形成金属镀层A(该镀层主要是金属Mn,还含有少量Co)。具体的电沉积工艺为:采用铂电极作为阳极,镍箔作为阴极,采用稀硫酸和稀氢氧化钠溶液调节镀液A的pH为4.0,镀液温度为30℃,平均电流密度30mA/cm2,占空比0.6在电镀过程中采用电磁搅拌镀液,搅拌速度100rev/min,通电时间10min。
(3)在步骤(2)的基础上,在镀液B中,在镀层A上面电沉积金属镀层B(该镀层主要是金属Co,还含有少量Mn)。具体的电沉积工艺为:将含有镀层A的镍箔作为阴极,铂电极作为阳极,采用稀硫酸和稀氢氧化钠溶液调节镀液B的pH为4.0,平均电流密度 80mA/cm2,占空比0.4在电镀过程中采用电磁搅拌镀液,搅拌速度100rev/min,通电时间 10min。
(4)采用氧化法对含有镀层AB的镍箔进行氧化,得到MnCo2O4微纳米纤维。具体的氧化工艺为:采用如图5所示实验装置,将含有金属锰钴镀层的镍箔放入管式炉中,抽真空排除炉内空气,然后以流量100mL/min通入氮气;控制恒温水槽温度为30℃;通入氮气30min后,以100℃/h的升温速率对管式炉升温至900℃,保温3h,然后停止加热随炉冷却至室温,取出样品,镍箔表面镀层AB被氧化为MnCo2O4微纳米纤维。
本实施例得到的MnCo2O4微纳米纤维的电镜照片见图3,由图3可知,该MnCo2O4微纳米纤维直径在1微米左右,尺寸分布比较均匀。该纤维的X射线衍射图谱见图4,由图4可知,该纤维完全由MnCo2O4组成(衍射峰和MnCo2O4的JCPDS标准卡片231237 一一对应),不存在杂质峰。
最后需要说明的是,本发明的上述实施例仅是为说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其他不同形式的变化和变动。这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (2)
1.一种制备MnCo2O4微纳米纤维的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将硫酸锰、硫酸钴、硫酸铵、柠檬酸铵、十二烷基硫酸钠和乙二胺四乙酸溶于蒸馏水中配置成镀液A,镀液A中各组分浓度为:硫酸锰100-300g/L、硫酸钴10-30g/L、硫酸铵50-150g/L、柠檬酸铵20-40g/L、十二烷基硫酸钠0.5-2.0g/L、乙二胺四乙酸0.5-1.5g/L;
将硫酸钴、硫酸锰、硼酸、柠檬酸铵、乙酸钠、邻磺酰苯甲酰亚胺和乙二胺四乙酸溶于蒸馏水中配置成镀液B,镀液B中各组分浓度为:硫酸钴300-500g/L、硫酸锰30-50g/L、硼酸30-80g/L、柠檬酸铵20-40g/L、乙酸钠1-5g/L、邻磺酰苯甲酰亚胺0.3-1.0g/L、乙二胺四乙酸0.5-1.5g/L;
(2)采用镍箔作为基材,在镀液A中,以铂电极作为阳极,镍箔作为阴极,在镍箔上脉冲电镀沉积形成金属镀层A;
(3)在步骤(2)的基础上,在镀液B中,以含有镀层A的镍箔作为阴极,铂电极作为阳极,在金属镀层A上脉冲电镀沉积形成金属镀层B;
(4)采用氧化法对含有金属镀层AB的镍箔进行氧化,即得到MnCo2O4微纳米纤维;
其中,步骤(2)和(3)的脉冲电镀工艺为,调节镀液的pH值为3.0-5.0,镀液温度为20-40℃,平均电流密度20-100mA/cm2,占空比0.3-0.7;在电镀过程中采用电磁搅拌镀液,搅拌速度50-150rev/min,通电时间3-20min;
其中,步骤(4)的氧化工艺为,将含有金属镀层AB的镍箔放入管式炉中,抽真空排除炉内空气,然后以流量30-100mL/min通入氮气;控制恒温水槽温度为20-40℃;通入氮气30min后,以100℃/h的升温速率对管式炉升温至900-1200℃,保温3-10h,然后停止加热随炉冷却至室温,取出样品,镍箔表面镀层AB即被氧化为MnCo2O4微纳米纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备MnCo2O4微纳米纤维的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)和(3)的电镀工艺中,采用稀硫酸和稀氢氧化钠溶液调节镀液的pH值。
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