CN109121954A - A kind of best fruiting period apocarya height survives the transplantation method restored fastly - Google Patents
A kind of best fruiting period apocarya height survives the transplantation method restored fastly Download PDFInfo
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- CN109121954A CN109121954A CN201810896623.XA CN201810896623A CN109121954A CN 109121954 A CN109121954 A CN 109121954A CN 201810896623 A CN201810896623 A CN 201810896623A CN 109121954 A CN109121954 A CN 109121954A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of best fruiting period apocarya height to survive the transplantation method restored fastly, including pollinizers and main breed are investigated；Reservation main framing is deeplyd prune before transplanting, wipes out tree crown whole caulody and annual fruitful branch；Spray on plants hormone promotes shoot elongation, Controlling the procreation growth after transplanting.Method of the invention makes best fruiting period apocarya tree body transplanting survival rate reach 95% or more, restores yield, First Year seedling-slowing stage, Controlling the procreation growth, emphasis recovery tree vigo(u)r in 3 years；Second year convalescence has yield；Third annual output maintains an equal level with the apocarya yield that do not transplant is compareed.Not only guarantee transplanting survival rate height, but also yield can be restored in time, and reduce economic loss.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to non-wood forest culture technical fields, survive fast recovery more particularly to a kind of best fruiting period apocarya height
Transplantation method.
Background technique
Apocarya [Carya illinoinensis (Wangehn.) K.Koch] also known as pecan tree, Chang Mount core
Peach is Juglandaceae (Juglandaceae) hickory (Carya Nutt.) deciduous tree, originates in the U.S. and Mexico, be generation
Important one of woody oleiferous plants dry fruit tree variety in boundary.The big shell of apocarya fruit is thin, kernel is plump, taste is fragrant palatable, has very high
Nutritive value.Tree body is tall and big upright, and tree-like grace, life cycle is long, is good ornamental, shade and ' by the of four ' shade tree
Kind.The apocarya speed of growth is fast, and trunk is logical straight, and the tough and tensile fine and close, difficult deformation of timber and cracking, are military project, building, family
The quality material of tool, sports equipment and engraving.Apocarya is one, and purposes is wide, the benefit period is long, high financial profit, society's effect
Benefit and the apparent excellent economic tree of ecological benefits.
River valley and northern Mexico of the apocarya NATURAL DISTRIBUTION in U.S.'s Mississippi and its tributary.17-18 generation
It records, apocarya is successfully grafted, and is started commercial growth and is utilized.Currently, the U.S.'s about 20,000 apocarya plantations
Farm produces ten thousand tons of apocarya 15-20 per year, is the first big country of apocarya yield in the world.19th century apocarya
From incoming China of foreign countries, seed was brought into from the U.S. by personages such as Western missionary, diplomatic envoys at that time, was implanted in as ornamental tree species
Around harbour, harbour and church.In the 1920s, China formally introduces the tree species from the U.S., but still based on urban afforestation.
60-70 age in 20th century, R&D institution of China start consciously to introduce apocarya breeding, carry out seed selection, stock breeding, fit
The experimental studies such as area's cultivation are answered, some apocarya breedings for being adapted to China's development are selected.Apocarya is started
Local scaleization promotes demonstration plant.Currently, apocarya, which is concentrated, is planted in the adaptation area such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Yunnan, Anhui,
Also there is certain scale in the provinces such as Henan, Jiangxi, Shandong.
China's apocarya with being generally planted in hilly ground and mountain valley, extensive management, initial stage orchard establishment in order to save soil,
High density orchard establishment is generally used, seeding row spacing is 4m × 4m, 4m × 5m or 6m × 6m etc..Apocarya planting stock 3-5 fruiting,
8-9 enters the best fruiting period, and the apocarya result quantities into the best fruiting period increase, and nutrient consumption amount is big, provides with soil feeding
/ contradiction be becoming increasingly acute；In addition initial seeding density is relatively large, and original space is not able to satisfy tree crown and continues to give birth to
Long, growing space of vying each other between fruit tree, it is serious that it will cause pest and disease damages, and increment decline, yield is reduced, and ' biennial bearing ' is existing
As obvious.In order to meet the needs of Growth status development, it should carry out fostering dredging in time, be planted according to the length adjustment of tree crown close
Degree.China's apocarya plantation starting evening, most of fruit-bearing forest have just enter into the best fruiting period.The transplanting of best fruiting period apocarya exists high
The unfavorable factor of cost and high risk, apocarya is in result peak period at this time, and transplanting restores slow, will cause serious production
Amount loss；Thin shell mountain pecan peach price in the best fruiting period is higher, and each tree price is up to 2000-3000 member, and transplanting does not survive,
Cause higher economic loss.
Summary of the invention
To solve best fruiting period apocarya transplanting survival rate and restoring the practical problem of yield, the present invention provides one
Kind apocarya height survives the method restored fastly.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of best fruiting period apocarya height survives the method for transplanting restored fastly, comprising the following steps:
1) tree body selects: carrying out florescence investigation, determines pollinizers and main breed, before transplanting, plants garden to original seed and award
Powder tree and main breed tree are counted, and are dredged and are transplanted according to 8-12m × 10-12m planting density；
2) transplanting garden selection: the factors such as selection weather, soil are close with former plantation, and water and fertilizer condition is better than or is similar to
The adaptation area of Proterozoic needs to transplant pollinizers and main breed quantity according to statistics, calculates the area of transplanting garden；Transplanting
The preceding 1-2 month, garden is cleared up, removes withered grass, rubble and grit；Deep ploughing, basal dressing, deep plough soil when spill and mix more than 50% bacterium
Soil pest and disease damage is killed in spirit and the mixing of 50% Budweiser particle equal proportion；
3) it digs plantation hole: transplanting thin shell mountain pecan peach quantity according to the need of statistics before transplanting, determine the number for excavating hole
Amount；It is dug within 7-15 days before transplanting and plants hole, plantation hole width is greater than soil ball diameter 50-70cm, and depth increases than soil ball height
Add 30-40cm, after having dug hole, 1-2 days before transplantation, hole bottom spread a layer thickness be 25-35cm organic substrate with
The Nutrition Soil of vermiculite 2:1 mixing；
4) tree body is excavated: to the tree body of label before transplanting 4-5 days progress Irrigation levels, pour water and want abundance, fill root system
Divide water suction；When excavation, the diameter of soil ball is 6-8 times of the tree body diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, highly 2/3 or so for soil ball diameter；The tree excavated
Root-growing agent is sprayed around body root system, emphasis sprays root incision site, is sprayed onto until dripping；Soil ball is bundled after digging out with straw rope, surrounding
It trims smooth；
5) tree crown is trimmed: tree crown trimming is carried out before transplanting, trimming retains tree crown main framing, specific practice using deepling prune
It is first to trim sick branch, the branch of excessive growth and overstocked branch, caulody is all wiped out, cuts intensive biennial of annual shoot and part
Branch, the biggish top branch vaseline of clip, cured or stop-off lacquer are lived；
6) tree body is transported: directly being gone over nearby with crane handling when transplanting, is implanted into the hole dug in advance in time；Long distance
Truck is used from transport, the trees after entrucking integrally spray a water, and cover sunshade net and reduce moisture evaporation；
7) tree body is transplanted: generally after current year fall foliage or the next spring sprout before transplant, select it is shallow plant, be conducive to root
System's breathing；Apocarya tree body is gently put into hole according to the direction of label when plant, after artificial righting, cuts binding
Straw rope, extraction, bankets, first backfills topsoil, when being backfilling into hole half, is sprayed into hole using 50% DDVP, 30 times of liquid, in advance
Anti- and killing endangers the roundheaded borer of root system, continues to banket, soil ball surface is made to be slightly above earth's surface or flush with earth's surface, tamps；
8) it is managed after transplanting: after plant, founding pillar radix saposhnikoviae, be about 1.0-1.5m, the timber of diameter 5-8cm for two
It is fixed on underground, under ground portion 0.4m-0.6m, distance is 0.8-1.0m on the ground, adds a cross bar afterwards, is tightly secured in wood with iron wire
In stake, after will be transplanted on tree body trunk fixed transverse rod with cloth, water after tree body is fixed, poured after plant 1 time it is permeable, every 2-3 weeks
The 2nd water is poured depending on arid situation；It loosens the soil every the 1-2 month to the hardened soil intertillage that root is formed after transplanting, is wiped out not after rudiment
The deadwood of sprouting reinforces prevention and treatment to the pest and disease damage of tree crown；First Year controls the reproductive growth of tree body, and 4, May extracts sprout in time
The male flower of hair and the female flower that may be grown promote the recovery and nutrient growth of tree body, while it is red mould to spray 0.05-0.10g/L
Plain solution promotes the growth of tree body young sprout, internode elongation；Second year extracts male flower, retains female flower as a result, paying attention to the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；The
Male flower female flower retains within 3 years, tree body normal growth, and yield is restored.
The method for transplanting is preferred, and the specific time that the florescence is investigated in step 1) is to prepare transplanting current year 4, May pair
The florescence of the apocarya different cultivars in former plantation is investigated, and determines pollinizers and main breed, and need to transplant awards
Powder tree and main breed paint the label of different colours.
The method for transplanting is preferred, and the plantation for being 4m × 4m for initial orchard establishment density seeding row spacing in step 1) is adjusted
Adjusting method be it is whole among every 4 row removes 2 rows, remove 2 trees among remaining every every 4 trees of row, adjustment seeding row spacing be 12m ×
12m；Orchard establishment density is the plantation of 4m × 5m or 5m × 6m, and method of adjustment is that entirety removes 1 row among every 3 row, remaining every
It arranges and removes 1 tree among every 3 trees, adjustment seeding row spacing is 8m × 10m or 10m × 12m；Orchard establishment density is the plantation of 4m × 6m
Garden, method of adjustment are that entirety removes 1 row among every 3 row, remove 2 trees among remaining every every 4 trees of row, adjustment seeding row spacing is
12m×12m；Orchard establishment density is 5m × 5 or 6m × 6m, and adjustment seeding row spacing is 10m × 10m or 12m × 12m, i.e., whole between every 3 seeding
Body removes 1 row, removes 1 tree between remaining every every 3 tree species of row.
The method for transplanting is preferred, is dredged and is transplanted for 4:1 in main breed and pollinated variety ratio in step 1), i.e.,
A row pollinizers are planted every 4 row kind trees in plantation.
The method for transplanting is preferred, and the area formula that transplanting garden is calculated in step 2) is 12m × 12m × need to transplant
Strain number.
The method for transplanting is preferred, and root-growing agent is by 0.2g/L indolebutyric acid and 0.15g/L naphthalene acid solution in step 4)
It is mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:6.
The method for transplanting is preferred, concrete operations in step 4): first being wound with cloth when excavation and collapses tree crown, with trunk
Centered on, width 20-30cm, the annular ditch of deep 30-50cm are excavated at the position 10-20cm of soil ball periphery；Excavate soil ball height
Half or so when, gradually bounce back, make soil ball in semi-round ball, mining process is carefully careful, prevent soil ball from rupturing；It is thin when excavation
Root is directly cut off with spades, and thick root backsaw is sawed-off.
The method for transplanting is preferred, and the transport of step 6) medium and long distance uses truck, and tree crown is wound with tightrope when entrucking
It shrinks, prevents from transporting and loading-unloading vehicle damages branch in the process.
The method for transplanting is preferred, and transplanting Best Times are early spring 2, March in step 7), and sap just starts to flow at this time
It is dynamic, the root system regenerating easily being damaged, high survival rate.
The method for transplanting is preferred, supports the position of fixed tree body to add protection bed course on cross bar in step 8), prevents
Support rod abrades bark, and support at least retains 1 year with fixed.
A kind of best fruiting period apocarya height survives the method for transplanting restored fastly, further preferably the following steps are included:
1) tree body selects: the male and female flowering of the same kind of apocarya is different ripe, and the male flower of different cultivars and female flower florescence can
It can meet, therefore need to configure pollinizers according to the florescence of different apocarya different cultivars.Before transplanting, garden is planted to original seed
Pollinizers and main breed tree are counted, the apocarya hat width 8-10m in the best fruiting period, are planted according to 8-12m × 10-12m kind
Density is dredged and is transplanted, and the distance of general apocarya male flower pollen transmission is 50-200m, with male flower pollen transmission away from
It is calculated from shortest distance 50m, is that 4:1 is dredged and transplanted in main breed and pollinated variety ratio, i.e., plantation is every 4 row's kinds
Tree plants a row pollinizers.Pollinizers carry out different mopping labels from main breed before transplanting, for initial orchard establishment density
For the plantation of 4m × 4m, adjusting method of adjustment is integrally to remove 2 rows between every 4 seeding, is removed between remaining every every 4 tree species of row
2 trees, adjustment seeding row spacing are 12m × 12m；Orchard establishment density is the plantation of 4m × 5m or 5m × 6m, and method of adjustment is in every 3 row
Between integrally remove 1 row, removes 1 tree among remaining every every 3 trees of row, adjustment seeding row spacing is 8m × 10m or 10m × 12m；It builds
Garden density is the plantation of 4m × 6m, and method of adjustment is that entirety removes 2 rows among every 4 row, is moved among remaining every every 4 trees of row
2 trees are walked, adjustment seeding row spacing is 12m × 12m；Orchard establishment density be 5m × 5m or 6m × 6m, adjustment seeding row spacing be 10m × 10m or
12m × 12m integrally removes 1 row, removes 1 tree between remaining every every 3 tree species of row between that is, every 3 seeding.Statistics needs to move in advance
The strain number of cultivation, and carry out towards label.
2) transplanting garden selection: apocarya is that deep-rootedness likes positive tree species, under normal circumstances, to illumination almost without full
And point.The ecological conditions such as temperature, illumination, rainfall, soil are fully considered before transplanting, select factors and the original seeds such as weather, soil
Plant garden is close, water and fertilizer condition be better than or similar to Proterozoic adaptation area.The pollinizers transplanted according to the needs of statistics and main cultivation
Kind quantity calculates the area of transplanting garden.The 1-2 month before transplanting, garden is cleared up, removes withered grass, rubble and grit；It is deep
Plough, basal dressing, deep plough soil when spill mix 50% carbendazim and 50% Budweiser particle equal proportion mixing kill soil disease pest.
3) it digs plantation hole: transplanting thin shell mountain pecan peach quantity according to the need of statistics before transplanting, determine the number for excavating hole
Amount.It is dug within 7-15 days before transplanting and plants hole, plantation hole width is greater than soil ball diameter 50-70cm, and depth increases than soil ball height
Add 30-40cm.After having dug hole, at first 1-2 days of transplanting, the organic substrate that a layer thickness is 25-35cm is spread in hole bottom
The Nutrition Soil that (Weifang Wo Nong Biotechnology Co., Ltd) mixes with vermiculite 2:1；
4) tree body is excavated: to the tree body of label before transplanting 4-5 days progress Irrigation levels, pour water and want abundance, fill root system
Divide water suction.On the one hand the purpose poured water facilitates excavation, another conveniently to prevent soil overdrying when excavation from causing soil ball loose.Excavate soil
The diameter of ball is 6-8 times of the tree body diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, highly 2/3 or so for soil ball diameter.Concrete operations: it is first wound with cloth when excavation
Tree crown is collapsed, centered on trunk, width 20-30cm, the annular ditch of deep 30-50cm are excavated at the position 10-20cm of soil ball periphery.
It when excavating the half or so of soil ball height, gradually bounces back, makes soil ball in semi-round ball, mining process is carefully careful, prevents soil
Ball fractured.Radicula is directly cut off with spades when excavation, and thick root backsaw is sawed-off.Root-growing agent is sprayed around the tree body root system excavated,
Emphasis sprays root incision site, is sprayed onto until dripping.Soil ball is bundled after digging out with straw rope, first carry out laterally ties up, then into
Row vertically is tied up, and is finally carried out intersecting and be tied up, bundlees and want elastic proper, trim around soil ball after binding smooth.
5) tree crown is trimmed: tree crown trimming is carried out before transplanting, trimming retains tree crown main framing, specific practice using deepling prune
It is first to trim sick branch, the branch of excessive growth and overstocked branch, caulody is all wiped out, cuts annual shoot (apocarya female flower
Raw to cut off annual shoot at the top of annual shoot, prevent current year after transplanting from restoring as a result, influencing tree body) and part it is intensive two
Nian Shengzhi, the biggish top branch vaseline of clip, cured or stop-off lacquer are lived, excessive to prevent dehydration.
6) tree body is transported: directly being gone over nearby with crane handling when transplanting, is implanted into the hole dug in advance in time；Long distance
Use truck from transport, tree crown is wound with tightrope and is shunk when entrucking, prevent from transporting and loading-unloading vehicle during damage branch.Entrucking
Trees afterwards integrally spray a water, and cover sunshade net and reduce moisture evaporation.
7) tree body is transplanted: apocarya belongs to deciduous tree, and transplanting should be carried out in dormant period, after generally falling leaves in the fall
Before sprouting with spring.Selection is shallow to plant, and shallowly taking root is ingress of air, is conducive to breathe, fast quick-recovery root system.By shell mountain when plant
Walnut tree body is gently put into hole according to the direction of label, after artificial righting, cuts binding straw rope, extraction is careful not to damage
Bad soil ball.Banket, first backfill topsoil, when being backfilling into hole half, sprayed into hole using 50% DDVP, 30 times of liquid, prevention and
The roundheaded borer for endangering root system is killed, continues to banket, soil ball surface is made to be slightly above earth's surface or flush with earth's surface, is tamped.In plant pit
The earth bank of high 20-30cm or so is built in periphery, conveniently pours water.
8) it is managed after transplanting: after plant, founding pillar radix saposhnikoviae, be about 1.0-1.5m, the timber of diameter 5-8cm for two
It is fixed on underground, under ground portion 0.5m or so, distance is 0.8-1.0m on the ground, adds a cross bar afterwards, is tightly secured in wood with iron wire
In stake, after will be transplanted on tree body trunk fixed transverse rod with cloth, water after tree body is fixed, poured after plant 1 time it is permeable, every 2-3 weeks
The 2nd water is poured depending on arid situation；It loosens the soil every the 1-2 month to the hardened soil intertillage that root is formed after transplanting, is wiped out not after rudiment
The deadwood of sprouting reinforces prevention and treatment to the pest and disease damage of tree crown.First Year controls the reproductive growth of tree body, and 4, May extracts sprout in time
The male flower of hair and the female flower that may be grown promote the recovery and nutrient growth of tree body, while it is red mould to spray 0.05-0.10g/L
Plain solution promotes the growth of tree body young sprout, internode elongation.Second year equally extracts male flower, retains female flower as a result, noticing that pest and disease damage is anti-
It controls.Third year, male flower female flower retained, and tree body normal growth, yield is restored.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Apocarya is since bleeding is more, and transplanting trimming can cause being largely lost for moisture and nutrient, after making transplanting
Tree vigo(u)r is weak, is easy death, every plant of price of apocarya in the best fruiting period is up to 2000-3000 member, while being in result
Peak period, when transplanting, will not only consider survival rate, it is also contemplated that yield recovery time, to reduce production loss.This method is by repairing
Top is cut slightly with annual fruitful branch, is restored after Controlling the procreation growth and hormone auxiliary transplanting, is made the apocarya in the best fruiting period
Tree body transplanting survival rate reaches 95% or more (table 1), restores yield (table 2) in 3 years, First Year seedling-slowing stage, and control reproduction is raw
Long, emphasis restores tree vigo(u)r；Second year convalescence has yield；Third annual output and the production for compareing the thin shell mountain pecan peach that do not transplant
Amount maintains an equal level.Not only guarantee transplanting survival rate height, but also yield can be restored in time, and reduce economic loss.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 best fruiting period thin shell mountain pecan peach is excavated.
The plant of Fig. 2 best fruiting period thin shell mountain pecan peach.
It is survived after the transplanting of Fig. 3 best fruiting period thin shell mountain pecan peach.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: a kind of best fruiting period apocarya height survives the method for transplanting restored fastly
Experimental Base: apocarya plantation is in Changzhou Guo Mei agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd base, and 50 mu of planting scale,
Resident time 2008, planting density 4m × 4m was currently under the best fruiting period.Transplanting carries out in two batches, first 2015 real
The property tested transplanting, transplants 100 plants of strain number；Second batch was transplanted in 2017, by remaining all adjustment transplantings.
1) tree body selects
2014 4, May experimental field former plantation apocarya each kind florescence is investigated, determine pollination product
Kind and main breed.Former plantation kind has wave Buddhist nun (Pawnee), card more (Caddo), Ma Han (Mahan), Shawnee (Shawnee)
With Weston (Western), medium wave Buddhist nun and Ka Duo are pollinated varieties, the red paint of a side brush by south, Ma Han, Shawnee and Weston
It is main breed, the white paint in side by south.The initial orchard establishment density in former plantation is 4m × 4m, and method of adjustment is in every 4 row
Between integrally remove 2 rows, removes 2 trees among remaining every every 4 trees of row, adjustment seeding row spacing is 12m × 12m；
2) transplanting garden selection
The quantity for the apocarya that in June, 2014 transplants according to the needs of statistics calculates the garden for needing to transplant
Area, first 100 plants of transplanting, required garden area are 12m × 12m × 100=14400m2, about 22 mu of ground.It is moved using nearest
It plants, transplants in former plantation side.Newly-built transplanting garden is cleared up, withered grass, rubble and grit are removed；Deep ploughing, basal dressing,
It is spilt when deep ploughing soil and mixes 50% carbendazim and 50% Budweiser particle equal proportion mixing killing soil disease pest.
3) plantation hole is dug
Plantation hole 100 is dug in by the end of January, 2015, and plantation hole width is 60cm, depth 80cm.After having dug hole,
1-2 days before transplantation, hole bottom spread a layer thickness be 30cm organic substrate (Weifang Wo Nong Biotechnology Co., Ltd) with
The Nutrition Soil of vermiculite mixing, the two mixed proportion are 2:1.
4) tree body is excavated
The tree body to make marks 4-5 days progress Irrigation levels before transplanting pour water and want sufficient, root system is made sufficiently to absorb water.It pours water
Purpose on the one hand facilitate excavations, it is another conveniently to prevent soil overdrying when excavation from causing soil ball loose.Excavate soil ball diameter be
6 times of the tree body diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, highly 2/3 or so for soil ball diameter.Concrete operations: first being wound with cloth when excavation and collapse tree crown, with
Centered on trunk, width 20cm, the annular ditch of deep 40cm are excavated at the position 10cm of 6 times of peripheries of the tree body diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.When excavating 25cm,
It gradually bounces back, makes soil ball in semi-round ball, careful excavation prevents soil ball from rupturing.Radicula is directly cut off with spades when excavation, and thick root is used
Backsaw is sawed-off.0.2g/L indolebutyric acid is sprayed around the tree body root system excavated to take root with what 0.15g/L naphthalene acid solution 1:6 was mixed
Agent, emphasis spray root incision site, are sprayed onto until dripping.Soil ball is bundled after digging out with straw rope, carries out laterally tying up first, then
It is vertically tied up, finally carries out intersecting and tie up, binding wants elastic proper, trims around soil ball after binding smooth.
4) tree crown is trimmed:
Tree crown trimming is carried out before transplanting, trimming retains tree crown main framing, specific practice is first to trim disease using deepling prune
Worm branch, the branch of excessive growth and overstocked branch are all wiped out caulody, and the intensive biennial branch of annual fruitful branch and part, clip are cut
Biggish top branch spraying vaseline, it is excessive to prevent dehydration.
6) tree body is transported
Directly gone over crane handling when transplanting, tree crown is wound with tightrope to be shunk, and prevents from damaging branch during handling.It arrives
Up to plantation garden, it is implanted into the hole dug in advance in time.
7) tree body is transplanted
2 months in 2015 are shallowly planted.Apocarya tree body is gently put into hole according to the direction of mopping when plant
In, after artificial righting, binding straw rope is cut, extraction is careful not to damage soil ball.It bankets, first backfills topsoil, be backfilling into hole
It when half, is sprayed into hole using 50% DDVP, 30 times of liquid, prevents and kill the roundheaded borer for endangering root system, continue to banket, make
Soil ball surface is flushed with earth's surface, compacting.The earth bank of high 20cm or so is built in plant pit periphery, is conveniently poured water.
8) it is managed after transplanting:
After plant, pillar radix saposhnikoviae is found, is about 1.5m for two, the timber of diameter 5cm is fixed on underground, under ground portion
0.5m or so, distance is 0.8m on the ground, afterwards plus a cross bar, is tightly secured on timber with iron wire, after with cloth will transplant tree body
On trunk fixed transverse rod, supports the position of fixed tree body to add protection bed course, prevent support rod from abrading bark.It is poured after tree body is fixed
Water, poured after plant 1 time it is permeable, pour the 2nd water every 3 panorama arid situations；It is hardened to what is formed around root every 2 months after transplanting
Soil intertillage is loosened the soil, and the deadwood that do not sprout is wiped out after rudiment, reinforces prevention and treatment to the pest and disease damage of tree crown.The life of First Year control tree body
Reproductive growth, 4, the female flower extracing the male flower of sprouting May in time and may growing, promotes the recovery and nutrient growth of tree body,
0.10g/L Gibberellins solution is sprayed simultaneously promotes the growth of tree body young sprout, internode elongation.Second year equally extracts male flower, retains female
Flower is as a result, pay attention to the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.Third year, male flower female flower retained, and tree body normal growth, yield is restored.
Survival rate in 3 years after each variety transplanting of 1 apocarya of table
Three annual output recovery situations after each variety transplanting of 2 apocarya of table
Claims (10)
1. a kind of best fruiting period apocarya height survives the method for transplanting restored fastly, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) tree body selects: carrying out florescence investigation, determines pollinizers and main breed；Before transplanting, the pollinizers of garden are planted to original seed
It is counted with main breed tree, is dredged and transplanted according to 8-12m × 10-12m planting density；
2) transplanting garden selection: the factors such as selection weather, soil are close with former plantation, and water and fertilizer condition is better than or is similar to primary
The adaptation area on ground needs to transplant pollinizers and main breed quantity according to statistics, calculates the area of transplanting garden；1- before transplanting
2 months, garden is cleared up, removes withered grass, rubble and grit；Deep ploughing, basal dressing, deep plough soil when spill mix 50% carbendazim and
50% Budweiser particle equal proportion mixture kills soil pest and disease damage；
3) it digs plantation hole: transplanting thin shell mountain pecan peach quantity according to the need of statistics before transplanting, determine the quantity for excavating hole；It moves
It is dug within 7-15 days before planting and plants hole, plantation hole width is greater than soil ball diameter 50-70cm, and depth increases 30- than soil ball height
40cm, after having dug hole, 1-2 days before transplantation, spreading a layer thickness in hole bottom was 25-35cm organic substrate and vermiculite 2:1
The Nutrition Soil of mass ratio mixing；
4) tree body is excavated: to the tree body of label before transplanting 4-5 days progress Irrigation levels, pour water and want abundance, inhale root system sufficiently
Water；When excavation, the diameter of soil ball is 6-8 times of the tree body diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, highly 2/3 or so for soil ball diameter；The tree body root excavated
Root-growing agent is sprayed around system, emphasis sprays root incision site, is sprayed onto until dripping；Soil ball is bundled after digging out with straw rope, and surrounding is trimmed
It is smooth；
5) tree crown is trimmed: tree crown trimming is carried out before transplanting, trimming retains tree crown main framing using deepling prune, and specific practice is first
Sick branch, the branch of excessive growth and overstocked branch are trimmed, caulody is all wiped out, cuts the intensive biennial branch of annual shoot and part,
The biggish top branch vaseline of clip, cured or stop-off lacquer are lived；
6) tree body is transported: directly being gone over nearby with crane handling when transplanting, is implanted into the hole dug in advance in time；Remote fortune
Defeated to use truck, the trees after entrucking integrally spray a water, and cover sunshade net and reduce moisture evaporation；
7) tree body is transplanted: generally after current year fall foliage or the next spring sprout before transplant, select it is shallow plant, exhaled conducive to root system
It inhales；Apocarya tree body is gently put into hole according to the direction of label when plant, after artificial righting, cuts binding grass
Rope, extraction, bankets, first backfills topsoil, when being backfilling into hole half, is sprayed into hole using 50% DDVP, 30 times of dilutions,
Prevention and killing endanger the roundheaded borer of root system, continue to banket, soil ball surface is made to be slightly above earth's surface or flush with earth's surface, tamp；
8) it is managed after transplanting: after plant, founding pillar radix saposhnikoviae, be about 1.0-1.5m for two, the timber of diameter 5-8cm is fixed
In underground, under ground portion 0.4m-0.6m, distance is 0.8-1.0m on the ground, adds a cross bar afterwards, is tightly secured in timber with iron wire
On, after will be transplanted on tree body trunk fixed transverse rod with cloth, water after tree body is fixed, poured after plant 1 time it is permeable, every 2-3 panorama
Arid situation pours the 2nd water；It loosens the soil every the 1-2 month to the hardened soil intertillage that root is formed after transplanting, wipes out after rudiment and do not sprout
The deadwood of hair reinforces prevention and treatment to the pest and disease damage of tree crown；First Year control tree body reproductive growth, 4, May extract sprouting in time
Male flower and the female flower that may grow, promote the recovery and nutrient growth of tree body, while spraying 0.05-0.10g/L gibberellin
Solution promotes the growth of tree body young sprout, internode elongation；Second year extracts male flower, retains female flower as a result, paying attention to the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Third
Year, male flower female flower retained, and tree body normal growth, yield is restored.
2. method for transplanting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the specific time that the florescence is investigated in step 1) is to prepare
Transplanting current year 4, May investigate the florescence of the apocarya different cultivars in former plantation, determine pollinizers and main cultivation
Kind, the pollinizers and main breed that need to transplant paint the label of different colours.
3. method for transplanting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be for initial orchard establishment density seeding row spacing in step 1)
The plantation of 4m × 4m, method of adjustment are that entirety removes 2 rows among every 4 row, remove 2 trees among remaining every every 4 trees of row,
Adjustment seeding row spacing is 12m × 12m；Orchard establishment density is the plantation of 4m × 5m or 5m × 6m, and method of adjustment is whole among every 3 row
1 row is removed, removes 1 tree among remaining every every 3 trees of row, adjustment seeding row spacing is 8m × 10m or 10m × 12m；Orchard establishment density
For the plantation of 4m × 6m, method of adjustment is that entirety removes 1 row among every 3 row, removes 2 among remaining every every 4 trees of row
Tree, adjustment seeding row spacing are 12m × 12m；Initial orchard establishment density is 5m × 5 or 6m × 6m, and adjustment seeding row spacing is 10m × 10m or 12m
× 12m integrally removes 1 row, removes 1 tree among remaining every every 3 trees of row between that is, every 3 seeding.
4. method for transplanting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in main breed and pollinated variety ratio in step 1)
It dredges and transplants for 4:1, i.e., a row pollinizers are planted every 4 row kind trees in plantation.
5. method for transplanting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the area formula of calculating transplanting garden is in step 2)
12m × 12m × needs transplanting strain number.
6. method for transplanting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 4) root-growing agent by 0.2g/L indolebutyric acid with
0.15g/L naphthalene acid solution is mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:6.
7. method for transplanting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that concrete operations in step 4): first twined with cloth when excavation
Around tree crown is collapsed, centered on trunk, width 20-30cm, the annular of deep 30-50cm are excavated at the position 10-20cm of soil ball periphery
Ditch；It when excavating the half or so of soil ball height, gradually bounces back, makes soil ball in semi-round ball, mining process is carefully careful, prevents
Soil ball rupture；Radicula is directly cut off with spades when excavation, and thick root backsaw is sawed-off.
8. method for transplanting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the transport of step 6) medium and long distance uses truck, entrucking
When tree crown wound and shrink with tightrope, prevent from transporting and loading-unloading vehicle during damage branch.
9. method for transplanting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that transplanting Best Times are early spring 2, March in step 7)
Part, sap just starts to flow at this time, the root system regenerating easily being damaged, high survival rate.
10. method for transplanting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that support the position of fixed tree body in step 8) on cross bar
Protection bed course is added, prevents support rod from abrading bark, support at least retains 1 year with fixed.
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| CN113455276A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-01 | 台州市林业技术推广总站 | Blue fruit tree seedling cuttage device of growing seedlings |
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| CN113455276B (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2022-05-10 | 台州市林业技术推广总站 | Blue fruit tree seedling cuttage device of growing seedlings |
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