CN108890910A - Biomass based on volume fluctuation continuously dodges quick-fried and in-situ blending method and apparatus - Google Patents
Biomass based on volume fluctuation continuously dodges quick-fried and in-situ blending method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
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- B29B7/02—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type
- B29B7/06—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/10—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
- B29B7/12—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
- B29B7/14—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/02—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type
- B29B7/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
- B29B7/7466—Combinations of similar mixers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于体积脉动的生物质连续闪爆及原位共混方法及设备，其方法利用体积压缩产生的高压及外加热的作用，使生物质表层水分转化为亚临界水，渗透到生物质内部，当体积突然释放时，压力骤降，亚临界水汽化膨胀对外作用，完成一次闪爆，经过多个体积脉动周期，实现多次闪爆。闪爆产物继续与塑料在体积脉动产生的挤压和拉伸作用及外加热的作用下，完成原位连续共混，获得生物质复合材料。其设备为偏心转子设备，沿输运方向依次设置了闪爆部分和共混部分，偏心转子和定子之间的容腔体积压缩、释放周期性脉动变化。该方法解决了螺杆强剪切下纤维折断问题，改善生物质的分散性能，同时简化设备结构，减少工序操作。属于复合材料加工技术领域。
The invention discloses a method and equipment for continuous flash explosion and in-situ blending of biomass based on volume pulsation. The method uses the high pressure generated by volume compression and the effect of external heating to convert the moisture in the surface layer of biomass into subcritical water, which penetrates into Inside the biomass, when the volume is suddenly released, the pressure drops suddenly, and the subcritical water vaporizes and expands to act on the outside, completing a flash explosion, and after multiple volume pulsation cycles, multiple flash explosions are realized. The flash explosion product continues to be continuously blended with the plastic under the extrusion and stretching action of the volume pulsation and the action of external heating to obtain the biomass composite material. Its equipment is an eccentric rotor equipment, and a flash explosion part and a blending part are arranged in sequence along the transport direction, and the volume of the cavity between the eccentric rotor and the stator compresses and releases periodic pulsation changes. The method solves the problem of fiber breaking under the strong shear of the screw, improves the dispersion performance of the biomass, and simultaneously simplifies the equipment structure and reduces the process operation. It belongs to the technical field of composite material processing.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及复合材料加工技术领域，尤其涉及基于体积脉动的生物质连续闪爆及原位共混方法及设备。The invention relates to the technical field of composite material processing, in particular to a method and equipment for continuous flash explosion and in-situ blending of biomass based on volume pulsation.
背景技术Background technique
生物质复合材料是近年来国际蓬勃发展的新一代绿色环保料，主要原料为生物质材料(如秸秆、木材、竹子、剑麻和动物羽毛等)和塑料。生物质复合材料成本低，可代替木材和塑料制品，其应用领域不断扩大。Biomass composite materials are a new generation of green and environmentally friendly materials that have flourished internationally in recent years. The main raw materials are biomass materials (such as straw, wood, bamboo, sisal and animal feathers, etc.) and plastics. Biomass composite materials are low in cost and can replace wood and plastic products, and their application fields are constantly expanding.
然而生物质的结构紧密，如植物材料具有以纤维素为骨架，半纤维和木质素等充当粘结剂的紧密层状结构；而动物羽毛具有由高抗性硬性纤维状的角蛋白折叠而成的紧密结构。因此需要通过闪爆方法，打开生物质紧密的结构，增大生物质与塑料接触的面积，提高两者在共混过程中的交换频率，使生物质均匀分散在塑料中，以此增强生物质复合材料的性能。However, the structure of biomass is compact. For example, plant material has a dense layered structure with cellulose as the skeleton, hemifiber and lignin as binders; animal feathers are folded from highly resistant and rigid fibrous keratin tight structure. Therefore, it is necessary to use the flash explosion method to open the tight structure of the biomass, increase the contact area between the biomass and the plastic, increase the exchange frequency of the two during the blending process, and make the biomass evenly dispersed in the plastic, thereby enhancing the biomass composite. Material properties.
闪爆是一种在极短时间内完成蒸汽爆破的方法，现有的闪爆设备有间歇式和连续式两种。但是间歇式闪爆设备产量较低、效率不高，不利于扩展应用；而连续式闪爆设备主要以螺杆摩擦拖曳作用产生热量并往前输运，通过在出口前形成高压，最后喷出瞬间压力骤降完成闪爆，但是也限定了生物质在经历一次输运后只能在出口处完成一次闪爆，闪爆不完全，因此需要将闪爆后的产物多次反复投入到连续式闪爆设备中以确保闪爆效果，工序繁琐。而且纤维素、角蛋白等长时间处于高温环境容易降解。此外在基于螺杆剪切流变的连续式闪爆设备中，强剪切作用易导致纤维折断、纤维长度减小，最终影响产物性能。Flash explosion is a method of completing steam explosion in a very short time. There are two types of flash explosion equipment: intermittent and continuous. However, the output of intermittent flash explosion equipment is low and the efficiency is not high, which is not conducive to the expansion of application; while continuous flash explosion equipment mainly generates heat through the friction and drag of the screw and transports it forward. The flash explosion is completed by a sudden pressure drop, but it is also limited that the biomass can only complete one flash explosion at the outlet after one transportation. The flash explosion is not complete, so it is necessary to repeatedly put the flash explosion products into the continuous flash explosion. In order to ensure the flash explosion effect in the explosion equipment, the process is cumbersome. Moreover, cellulose, keratin, etc. are easily degraded in a high-temperature environment for a long time. In addition, in the continuous flash explosion equipment based on screw shear rheology, the strong shearing action will easily lead to fiber breakage and fiber length reduction, which will eventually affect the product performance.
现有塑料/生物质复合材料制造工艺主要先用闪爆设备闪爆生物质材料，闪爆后的生物质材料经过晾干、烘干等工艺后，再与塑料同时加入双螺杆挤出机中共混制备成品。但此制造工艺冗杂、所需加工设备和辅助装置繁多、如果生物质材料闪爆设备与共混设备分属不同企业，会额外增加包装、运输、保存等成本。同时在双螺杆设备中共混同样存在生物质受热历程长，剪切强度大等缺点，此外在剪切流场中纤维容易打转成团，难分散均匀，最终降低了生物质复合材料的力学性能，限制了塑料/生物质复合材料的扩展应用。The existing plastic/biomass composite material manufacturing process mainly uses flash explosion equipment to flash biomass materials first, and after the flash explosion biomass materials are dried and dried, they are then added to the twin-screw extruder at the same time as plastics. Mixed preparations. However, the manufacturing process is complicated and requires a lot of processing equipment and auxiliary devices. If the biomass material flash explosion equipment and blending equipment belong to different companies, additional packaging, transportation, storage and other costs will be added. At the same time, blending in twin-screw equipment also has the disadvantages of long heating history of biomass and high shear strength. In addition, in the shear flow field, the fibers are easy to spin into agglomerates, and it is difficult to disperse uniformly, which ultimately reduces the mechanical properties of biomass composites. , limiting the extended application of plastic/biomass composites.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中存在的技术问题，本发明的目的是：提供一种基于体积脉动的生物质连续闪爆及原位共混方法，利用体积压缩、释放周期性脉动变化产生的压力连续骤变实现生物质的连续多次闪爆，以解决现有生物质闪爆方法闪爆效果较差，纤维长度大幅减小、热机械历程长等问题；同时，利用体积脉动产生的拉伸挤压作用使闪爆获得的产物继续与加入的塑料共混，实现原位连续共混，并解决生物质与塑料共混分散不均，及生物质材料闪爆与塑料共混加工不能同步连续进行导致设备冗杂、工艺繁琐的问题。Aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for continuous flash explosion and in-situ blending of biomass based on volume pulsation, which utilizes the continuous sudden change in pressure generated by volume compression and release of periodic pulsation changes Realize multiple consecutive flash explosions of biomass to solve the problems of poor flash explosion effect of existing biomass flash explosion methods, greatly reduced fiber length, long thermomechanical process, etc.; at the same time, use the stretching and extrusion effect generated by volume pulsation Make the product obtained by flash explosion continue to be blended with the added plastic, realize in-situ continuous blending, and solve the uneven dispersion of biomass and plastic blending, and the non-synchronous and continuous blending of biomass materials and plastics will cause equipment Complicated and cumbersome problems.
本发明的另一目的是提供一种结构简单、工序连续的基于体积脉动的生物质连续闪爆及原位共混设备。Another object of the present invention is to provide a volume pulsation based biomass continuous flash explosion and in-situ blending equipment with simple structure and continuous process.
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
基于体积脉动的生物质连续闪爆及原位共混方法，利用容腔体积压缩产生的高压以及外加热的作用，生物质表层水分在高温高压下转化为亚临界水(具有较强渗透性，渗透性介于液体和气体之间)，渗透到生物质内部，当容腔体积突然释放时，压力骤降，亚临界水汽化成水蒸气体积膨胀对外作用，完成一次生物质闪爆，经过多个体积压缩、释放脉动变化周期，实现多次连续的生物质闪爆，使生物质全部完成闪爆。闪爆获得的产物继续与加入的塑料在体积脉动产生的挤压和拉伸作用以及外加热的作用下，物料层变薄，物料层与层之间的界面增大，生物质与塑料相互交换的频率增加，完成原位连续共混，最后挤出获得生物质复合材料。The biomass continuous flash explosion and in-situ blending method based on volume pulsation uses the high pressure generated by the volume compression of the cavity and the effect of external heating to convert the moisture on the surface of the biomass into subcritical water (with strong permeability, The permeability is between liquid and gas), and penetrates into the biomass. When the volume of the cavity is suddenly released, the pressure drops suddenly, and the subcritical water vaporizes into water vapor, which expands and acts on the outside. A flash explosion of biomass is completed. After several Volume compression, release pulsation change cycle, realize multiple consecutive biomass flash explosions, and make all biomass flash explosions complete. The product obtained by the flash explosion continues to be squeezed and stretched by the added plastic under the action of volume pulsation and external heating, the material layer becomes thinner, the interface between the material layer and the layer increases, and the biomass and plastic exchange each other The frequency is increased, in-situ continuous blending is completed, and finally extruded to obtain biomass composites.
优选地，生物质闪爆的压缩比大于或等于生物质与塑料共混的压缩比。Preferably, the compression ratio of biomass flash explosion is greater than or equal to the compression ratio of biomass and plastic blending.
优选地，生物质的闪爆和生物质与塑料的共混均在外部加热的条件下进行，外部加热温度可控。Preferably, both the flash explosion of biomass and the blending of biomass and plastic are carried out under the condition of external heating, and the temperature of external heating is controllable.
优选地，生物质经历一次容腔体积压缩、释放脉动变化周期为一次闪爆。Preferably, the biomass undergoes one volume compression of the cavity, and the change period of the release pulsation is one flash explosion.
优选地，生物质闪爆产生的水分在闪爆过程排出或参与共混。水分排出并收集可循环利用，水分也可以充当发泡剂的作用与塑料共混，进一步减轻复合材料的重量。Preferably, the moisture generated by biomass flash explosion is discharged or participates in blending during the flash explosion process. The moisture is drained and collected for recycling, and the moisture can also act as a blowing agent to blend with the plastic, further reducing the weight of the composite material.
一种用于实现上述基于体积脉动的生物质连续闪爆及原位共混方法的设备，沿物料输运方向依次连续设置了闪爆部分和共混部分，闪爆部分和共混部分均为偏心转子设备，偏心转子设备包括偏心转子和定子，偏心转子和定子之间的容腔体积压缩、释放周期性脉动变化；闪爆部分偏心转子的导程和螺距先减小后增大周期性变化，共混部分偏心转子的导程和螺距逐渐减小，闪爆部分的最大导程和螺距大于或等于共混部分的最大导程和螺距，闪爆部分的最小导程和螺距小于或等于共混部分的最小导程和螺距(使生物质闪爆的压缩比大于或等于生物质与塑料共混的压缩比)；闪爆部分的定子的首端设有生物质加料口，共混部分的定子的首端设有塑料加料口。将用于基于体积脉动的生物质连续闪爆的偏心转子设备和用于基于体积脉动的生物质与塑料共混的偏心转子设备融合起来，得到一台用于生物质闪爆和闪爆后与塑料共混两个不同加工过程统一的设备，以实现基于体积脉动的生物质连续闪爆及原位共混，保持了纤维的长度，提高纤维分散均匀性，简化设备群的复杂性，减少了中间运输转移等工序，实现连续自动化工业生产。A device for realizing the above-mentioned continuous flash explosion and in-situ blending method of biomass based on volume pulsation. The flash explosion part and the blending part are successively arranged along the material transportation direction, and the flash explosion part and the blending part are both Eccentric rotor equipment, eccentric rotor equipment includes eccentric rotor and stator, the volume of the cavity between the eccentric rotor and the stator compresses and releases periodic pulsation changes; the lead and pitch of the eccentric rotor of the flash explosion part decrease first and then increase periodically , the lead and pitch of the eccentric rotor in the blending part gradually decrease, the maximum lead and pitch of the flash explosion part are greater than or equal to the maximum lead and pitch of the blending part, and the minimum lead and pitch of the flash explosion part are less than or equal to the total The minimum lead and pitch of the mixing part (to make the compression ratio of biomass flash explosion greater than or equal to the compression ratio of biomass and plastic blending); the head end of the stator of the flash explosion part is provided with a biomass feeding port, and the The head end of the stator is provided with a plastic feeding port. Combining the eccentric rotor equipment for continuous flash explosion of biomass based on volume pulsation and the eccentric rotor equipment for blending of biomass and plastics based on volume pulsation, a machine for biomass flash explosion and post-flash explosion and Plastic blending equipment with two different processing processes to realize continuous flash explosion and in-situ blending of biomass based on volume pulsation, which maintains the length of the fibers, improves the uniformity of fiber dispersion, simplifies the complexity of the equipment group, and reduces Intermediate transportation and transfer processes to achieve continuous automated industrial production.
优选地，闪爆部分和共混部分的定子外侧还设有用于提供热量的加热装置，闪爆部分设有用于排出水分的排气装置。采用这种结构后，利用排气装置可以选择将生物质闪爆中产生的水分排出并收集循环利用。Preferably, the outside of the stator of the flash explosion part and the blending part is provided with a heating device for providing heat, and the flash explosion part is provided with an exhaust device for discharging moisture. After adopting this structure, the moisture generated in the flash explosion of biomass can be selected to be discharged by using the exhaust device and collected for recycling.
优选地，闪爆部分的偏心转子为螺旋结构，包括至少一个闪爆单元，一个闪爆单元由至少一个小螺距与至少一个大螺距的螺旋结构依次串联而成，闪爆部分的定子为螺旋结果，偏心转子的螺旋结构和定子的螺旋结构一一对应。采用这种结构后，偏心转子转动过程中，生物质输送到小螺距的螺旋结构中，偏心转子与定子之间的轴向、径向体积压缩，同时在外部加热的作用下，生物质表层水分受到高温高压作用转化为亚临界水具有较强渗透性，渗透到生物质内部，当生物质输送到大螺距的螺旋结构中，偏心转子与定子之间的体积突然释放，亚临界水受到的压力骤降，亚临界水汽化成水蒸气体积膨胀对外作用，在极短时间内完成一次闪爆，通过设置多个闪爆单元(即多个体积压缩、释放脉动变化周期)完成多次连续的生物质闪爆，使生物质全部完成闪爆。Preferably, the eccentric rotor of the flash explosion part is a helical structure, including at least one flash explosion unit, and a flash explosion unit is formed in series by at least one helical structure with a small pitch and at least one large pitch, and the stator of the flash explosion part is a spiral structure. , the helical structure of the eccentric rotor corresponds to the helical structure of the stator. After adopting this structure, during the rotation of the eccentric rotor, the biomass is transported into the small-pitch helical structure, the axial and radial volume between the eccentric rotor and the stator is compressed, and at the same time, under the action of external heating, the moisture on the surface of the biomass Under the action of high temperature and high pressure, the subcritical water has strong permeability and penetrates into the biomass. When the biomass is transported into the large-pitch helical structure, the volume between the eccentric rotor and the stator is suddenly released, and the pressure on the subcritical water Sudden drop, the subcritical water vaporizes into water vapor and expands its volume to act on the outside, and a flash explosion is completed in a very short time, and multiple continuous biomass is completed by setting multiple flash explosion units (that is, multiple volume compression, release pulsation change cycles) Flash explosion, so that all the biomass completes the flash explosion.
优选地，共混部分的偏心转子包括多个交替设置的偏心转子螺旋段和多个偏心转子直线段，共混部分的定子包括多个交替设置的定子螺旋段和多个定子直线段，偏心转子的螺旋段和偏心转子直线段与定子螺旋段和定子直线段一一对应。利用偏心转子设备容腔轴向、径向体积压缩、释放周期性脉动变化，挤压或拉伸物料层，使物料层变薄，物料层与层之间的界面增大，生物质与塑料相互交换的频率增加，完成原位共混，最后挤出获得生物质复合材料。Preferably, the eccentric rotor of the blending part includes a plurality of alternately arranged eccentric rotor helical segments and a plurality of eccentric rotor straight segments, the stator of the blending part includes a plurality of alternately arranged stator helical segments and a plurality of stator straight segments, and the eccentric rotor The helical section and the eccentric rotor straight section correspond to the stator helical section and the stator straight section one by one. Use the axial and radial volume compression of the eccentric rotor equipment to release the periodic pulsation changes, squeeze or stretch the material layer, so that the material layer becomes thinner, the interface between the material layers increases, and the interaction between biomass and plastics The frequency of exchange is increased, in situ blending is completed, and finally extruded to obtain biomass composites.
优选地，闪爆部分和共混部分的动力由统一动力源提供，节省能源的消耗。Preferably, the power of the flash explosion part and the blending part is provided by a unified power source to save energy consumption.
总的说来，本发明具有如下优点：Generally speaking, the present invention has following advantages:
1.本发明利用体积脉动产生的压力周期性骤变实现了生物质连续闪爆，打开生物质紧密结构，提高生物质材料与塑料的接触交换，并有效解决了在螺杆强剪切流场作用下进行闪爆产生的纤维折断问题，通过设置多个体积脉动周期，增加闪爆次数，改善闪爆效果，增强了控制性。1. The present invention realizes the continuous flash explosion of biomass by utilizing the periodic sudden change of pressure generated by volume pulsation, opens up the compact structure of biomass, improves the contact exchange between biomass material and plastic, and effectively solves the problem of strong shear flow field in the screw. In order to solve the problem of fiber breakage caused by flash explosion, by setting multiple volume pulsation periods, the number of flash explosions is increased, the flash explosion effect is improved, and the controllability is enhanced.
2.本发明在连续闪爆的同时，完成基于体积脉动的闪爆后生物质与塑料共混输运，实现原位共混，在拉伸挤压作用主导下良好地保持纤维的长度，同时改善生物质的分散程度，最终提高生物质复合材料的综合性能。2. At the same time of continuous flash explosion, the present invention completes the blending and transportation of biomass and plastics after flash explosion based on volume pulsation, realizes in-situ blending, and maintains the length of fibers well under the dominance of stretching and extrusion, while improving The degree of dispersion of biomass ultimately improves the comprehensive performance of biomass composites.
3.将完成基于体积脉动的生物质连续闪爆和基于体积脉动的生物质与塑料共混不同功能的两台偏心转子设备组合成一台连续的生产设备，实现了基于体积脉动的生物质连续闪爆与原位共混，降低设备的使用量，简化设备群的复杂性，减少了中间运输转移等工序，并且提高了设备的控制性，实现连续自动化工业生产。3. Combining two eccentric rotor equipment with different functions of biomass continuous flash explosion based on volume pulsation and biomass and plastic blending based on volume pulsation into one continuous production equipment, realizing continuous biomass flash explosion based on volume pulsation Explosive and in-situ blending, reducing the use of equipment, simplifying the complexity of equipment groups, reducing intermediate transportation and transfer processes, and improving the controllability of equipment to achieve continuous automated industrial production.
4.本发明结构简单，控制性强，动力源统一，能耗较低，有利于在生物质复合材料范围中推广应用。4. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, strong controllability, unified power source and low energy consumption, which is favorable for popularization and application in the range of biomass composite materials.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明加工设备的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the processing equipment of the present invention.
图2为图1的一个闪爆单元的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a flash explosion unit in Fig. 1 .
图3为图1的A-A偏心转子和定子连接时截面变化图。Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional change diagram when the A-A eccentric rotor of Fig. 1 is connected to the stator.
图中的标号和对应的零部件名称为：1为偏心转子，2为定子，3为生物质加料口，4为排气装置，5为塑料加料口，6为加热器，7为闪爆部分，8为小螺距螺旋结构，9为大螺距螺旋结构，10为共混部分，11为直线段，12为螺旋段。其中ω1为偏心转子绕中心轴线公转的角速度，ω2为偏心转子绕偏心轴线自转的角速度。The labels in the figure and the names of the corresponding parts are: 1 is the eccentric rotor, 2 is the stator, 3 is the biomass feed port, 4 is the exhaust device, 5 is the plastic feed port, 6 is the heater, and 7 is the flash explosion part , 8 is a small-pitch helical structure, 9 is a large-pitch helical structure, 10 is a blending part, 11 is a straight line segment, and 12 is a helical segment. Among them, ω 1 is the angular velocity of the eccentric rotor revolving around the central axis, and ω 2 is the angular velocity of the eccentric rotor rotating around the eccentric axis.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图来对本发明做进一步详细的说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本实施例基于体积脉动的生物质连续闪爆及原位共混设备，沿物料输运方向依次连续设置了闪爆部分和共混部分，闪爆部分和共混部分均为偏心转子设备，偏心转子设备包括偏心转子和定子，偏心转子和定子之间的容腔体积压缩、释放周期性脉动变化。闪爆部分和共混部分的动力由统一动力源提供。As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment is based on volume pulsation biomass continuous flash explosion and in-situ blending equipment. The flash explosion part and the blending part are successively arranged along the material transportation direction, and the flash explosion part and the blending part are both The eccentric rotor device includes an eccentric rotor and a stator, and the volume of the cavity between the eccentric rotor and the stator compresses and releases periodic pulsation changes. The power of the flash explosion part and the blending part is provided by a unified power source.
闪爆部分和共混部分的定子的外侧均设有用于为闪爆和共混提供热量的加热装置，加热装置为加热器。闪爆部分和共混部分均设有用于排出水分的排气装置，闪爆部分的定子的首端设有生物质加料口，在闪爆部分与共混部分衔接处设有塑料加料口。设备工作时，将生物质从闪爆部分的定子首端的生物质加料口加入，将塑料从共混部分的定子首端的塑料加料口加入。闪爆部分偏心转子的导程和螺距先减小后增大周期性变化，共混部分偏心转子的导程和螺距逐渐减小，闪爆部分的最大导程和螺距大于或等于共混部分的最大导程和螺距，闪爆部分的最小导程和螺距小于或等于共混部分的最小导程和螺距。利用排气装置可以选择性地将生物质产生的水分排出并收集循环利用。The outer sides of the stators of the flash explosion part and the blending part are equipped with heating devices for providing heat for flash explosion and blending, and the heating devices are heaters. Both the flash explosion part and the blending part are equipped with an exhaust device for discharging moisture. The head end of the stator of the flash explosion part is provided with a biomass feeding port, and a plastic feeding port is provided at the connection between the flash explosion part and the blending part. When the equipment is working, the biomass is added from the biomass feeding port at the head end of the stator of the flash explosion part, and the plastic is added from the plastic feeding port at the head end of the stator of the blending part. The lead and pitch of the eccentric rotor in the flashing part decrease first and then increase periodically, the lead and pitch of the eccentric rotor in the blending part gradually decrease, and the maximum lead and pitch of the flashing part are greater than or equal to that of the blending part The maximum lead and pitch, and the minimum lead and pitch of the flash explosion part are less than or equal to the minimum lead and pitch of the blending part. The moisture produced by the biomass can be selectively discharged by using the exhaust device and collected for recycling.
闪爆部分的偏心转子为螺旋结构，包括两个闪爆单元，闪爆单元由两个小螺距螺旋结构与一个大螺距螺旋结构串联而成。偏心转子转动过程中，生物质输送到小螺距的螺旋结构中，偏心转子与定子之间的轴向、径向体积压缩，同时在外部加热的作用下，生物质表层水分受到高温高压作用转化为亚临界水具有较强渗透性，渗透到生物质内部，当生物质输送到大螺距的螺旋结构中，偏心转子与定子之间的体积突然释放，亚临界水受到的压力骤降，亚临界水汽化成水蒸气体积膨胀对外作用，在极短时间内完成一次闪爆，经过两个连续闪爆单元实现两次连续的生物质闪爆。共混部分的偏心转子包括多个交替设置的偏心转子螺旋段和多个偏心转子直线段，共混部分的定子包括多个交替设置的定子螺旋段和多个定子直线段，偏心转子的螺旋段和偏心转子直线段与定子螺旋段和定子直线段一一对应。闪爆产物中的水分被排出后与塑料共同通过连续设置的共混部分，利用偏心转子设备容腔轴向、径向体积压缩、释放周期性脉动变化，挤压或拉伸物料层，使物料层变薄，物料层与层之间的界面增大，增加生物质与塑料相互交换的频率，完成原位连续共混，最后挤出获得性能良好的生物质复合材料，并送入相应的成型模具中成型得到制品。The eccentric rotor of the flash explosion part is a helical structure, including two flash explosion units, and the flash explosion unit is composed of two small pitch helical structures and a large pitch helical structure connected in series. During the rotation of the eccentric rotor, the biomass is conveyed into the small-pitch helical structure, and the axial and radial volumes between the eccentric rotor and the stator are compressed. At the same time, under the action of external heating, the moisture on the surface of the biomass is transformed into Subcritical water has strong permeability and penetrates into the biomass. When the biomass is transported into the large-pitch helical structure, the volume between the eccentric rotor and the stator is suddenly released, and the pressure on the subcritical water drops sharply. The subcritical water vapor Turned into water vapor, the volume expands and acts on the outside, and a flash explosion is completed in a very short time, and two consecutive flash explosions of biomass are realized through two consecutive flash explosion units. The eccentric rotor of the blending part includes a plurality of alternately arranged helical segments of the eccentric rotor and a plurality of straight segments of the eccentric rotor, and the stator of the blending part includes a plurality of alternately arranged helical segments of the stator and a plurality of straight segments of the stator, and the helical segment of the eccentric rotor And the straight line segment of the eccentric rotor corresponds to the helical segment of the stator and the straight line segment of the stator one by one. After the moisture in the flash explosion product is discharged, it passes through the continuous blending part together with the plastic, and uses the eccentric rotor device to compress the axial and radial volumes, release periodic pulsation changes, squeeze or stretch the material layer, and make the material The layer becomes thinner, the interface between the material layer and the layer increases, the frequency of mutual exchange between biomass and plastic is increased, the in-situ continuous blending is completed, and finally the biomass composite material with good performance is obtained by extrusion, and sent into the corresponding molding The product is formed in the mold.
基于体积脉动的生物质连续闪爆及原位共混方法，利用容腔体积压缩产生的高压以及外加热的作用，生物质表层水分在高温高压下转化为亚临界水，渗透到生物质内部，当容腔体积突然释放时，压力骤降，亚临界水汽化成水蒸气体积膨胀对外作用，完成一次生物质闪爆，经过多个体积压缩、释放脉动变化周期，实现多次连续的生物质闪爆，使生物质全部完成闪爆；闪爆获得的产物继续与加入的塑料在体积脉动产生的挤压和拉伸作用以及外加热的作用下，完成原位连续共混，最后挤出获得生物质复合材料。The continuous flash explosion and in-situ blending method of biomass based on volume pulsation, using the high pressure generated by the volume compression of the cavity and the effect of external heating, the moisture on the surface of the biomass is converted into subcritical water under high temperature and high pressure, and penetrates into the biomass. When the volume of the chamber is suddenly released, the pressure drops suddenly, and the subcritical water vaporizes into water vapor, which expands in volume and acts on the outside, completing a biomass flash explosion. After multiple volume compression and release pulsation change cycles, multiple consecutive biomass flash explosions are realized. , to complete the flash explosion of the biomass; the product obtained by the flash explosion continues to complete the in-situ continuous blending with the added plastic under the extrusion and stretching effects of volume pulsation and external heating, and finally extrudes to obtain the biomass composite material.
本实施例通过上述设备可实现基于体积脉动的生物质连续闪爆，打开生物质紧密结构，提高生物质材料与塑料的接触交换，并有效解决了在螺杆强剪切流场作用下闪爆产生的纤维折断问题，通过增加体积脉动周期，提高闪爆次数，改善闪爆效果，增强了控制性。In this embodiment, the continuous flash explosion of biomass based on volume pulsation can be realized through the above-mentioned equipment, the tight structure of biomass can be opened, the contact exchange between biomass material and plastic can be improved, and the flash explosion under the action of the strong shear flow field of the screw can be effectively solved. To solve the problem of fiber breakage, by increasing the volume pulsation period, increasing the number of flash explosions, improving the flash explosion effect, and enhancing the controllability.
本实施例通过上述设备在连续闪爆的同时，完成基于体积脉动的闪爆后生物质与塑料共混输运，实现原位共混，在拉伸挤压作用主导下良好地保持纤维的长度，同时改善生物质的分散程度，最终提高生物质复合材料的综合性能，并简化设备结构，减少工序操作，统一动力能源，降低能耗。In this embodiment, the blending and transportation of biomass and plastics after flash explosion based on volume pulsation is completed while continuous flash explosion is carried out by the above-mentioned equipment, and in-situ blending is realized, and the length of the fiber is well maintained under the dominance of stretching and extrusion. At the same time, the degree of dispersion of biomass is improved, and the comprehensive performance of biomass composite materials is finally improved, and the equipment structure is simplified, process operations are reduced, power energy is unified, and energy consumption is reduced.
除了上述实施例提及的方式外，水分还可以参与后续共混，参与后续共混的水分充当发泡剂的作用，进一步减轻复合材料的重量。这些变换方式均在本发明的保护范围内。In addition to the methods mentioned in the above examples, water can also participate in the subsequent blending, and the water participating in the subsequent blending acts as a foaming agent to further reduce the weight of the composite material. These conversion modes are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, Simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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