CN108819980B - Device and method for online dynamic measurement of geometric parameters of train wheels - Google Patents
Device and method for online dynamic measurement of geometric parameters of train wheels Download PDFInfo
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- CN108819980B CN108819980B CN201810678259.XA CN201810678259A CN108819980B CN 108819980 B CN108819980 B CN 108819980B CN 201810678259 A CN201810678259 A CN 201810678259A CN 108819980 B CN108819980 B CN 108819980B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
- B61K9/12—Measuring or surveying wheel-rims
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0608—Height gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0691—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material of objects while moving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
- G01B11/10—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters of objects while moving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0025—Measuring of vehicle parts
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for on-line dynamic measurement of geometric parameters of train wheels, and belongs to the technical field of train wheel detection. The invention discloses a device for dynamically measuring geometric parameters of train wheels on line, which comprises a speed measuring sensor, a starting switch, a first laser displacement sensor, a second laser displacement sensor and a stopping switch which are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the running direction of a train, wherein a detection light beam of the first laser displacement sensor is vertical to the top surface of the track, and an inclined included angle is formed between the detection light beam of the second laser displacement sensor and the top surface of the track. Adopt first laser displacement sensor and second laser displacement sensor to carry out data acquisition to the train wheel simultaneously, handle the data that obtain of gathering and can obtain geometric parameters such as wheel tread diameter, wheel rim height, rim thickness and rim integrated value of train wheel, its measurement accuracy is higher, and device simple structure, with low costs, is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of train wheel detection, and particularly relates to a device and a method for on-line dynamic measurement of geometric parameters of train wheels.
Background
The train wheel is one of the most important running parts of the rail transit train and bears all dynamic and static loads of the train. However, during the running process of the train, the wheels are abraded to different degrees due to long-term friction between the wheels and the track, such as diameter abrasion, eccentric abrasion of wheel rims and the like. The diameter abrasion can cause the diameter difference of the same vehicle or the same frame or the same pair of wheels to exceed the limit, the height of the wheel rim is increased, the eccentric abrasion of the wheel rim can cause the thickness of the wheel rim to be reduced and the comprehensive value of the wheel rim to be reduced, and the occurrence of the conditions can cause great threat to the driving safety. Therefore, the method can measure the geometric parameters of the train wheels such as the diameter (D), the rim height (Sh), the rim thickness (Sd), the rim comprehensive value (Qr) and the like timely, quickly and accurately, and has great significance for guaranteeing the train driving safety.
The existing means for detecting the geometric parameters of the wheel mainly comprise worker measurement and static measurement. The manual measurement mainly utilizes the fourth detector and the wheel diameter ruler to roughly measure the geometric parameters of the wheel, and has the advantages of low equipment investment and the disadvantages of low precision, large labor investment and long measurement period. Static measurement is a means for measuring geometric parameters of wheels by special equipment such as a lathe, and has the advantages of high precision and high cost, and has the defects of large equipment investment, high consumption of manpower and material resources, long measurement period and influence on normal use of trains.
Due to the limitations of manual and static measurement, more and more people are researching on-line dynamic measurement methods. For example, application No. 200610155282.8 discloses an on-line detection method and device for the diameter of a vehicle wheel set, which uses the projection information of a structured light source on the wheel set tread and the information of the base point position detected by a displacement sensor to detect the average diameter parameter of the wheel and the wheel diameter difference parameter of the left and right wheels, but the method has the defects of large influence by external light, slow response speed, low measurement precision and the like. Application number 201410519742.5 discloses an on-line detection method and device for the size of an urban rail train wheel set, the application measures the coordinates of the lowest points of wheel rims of tread contour lines at different moments based on a two-dimensional laser displacement sensor technology, under the condition that the speed is known, points at different moments are restored to coordinate values at the same moment, the circle where the top point of the wheel rim of a wheel is located is fitted by using the principle that three points form a circle, and the diameter of the wheel is obtained by subtracting the height of the wheel rim twice from the diameter of the top point of the wheel rim. In the method, the speed is taken as known, and in the process of restoring the values of the lowest points of the wheel rims at different moments to the coordinate values at the same moment, the restored coordinate values are distorted due to the deviation of the speed, so that the diameters of the vertex circles of the fitted wheel rims have larger deviation.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing train wheel geometric parameter online measurement, and provides a train wheel geometric parameter online dynamic measurement device and method. When the technical scheme of the invention is adopted to carry out on-line dynamic measurement on the geometric parameters of the train wheels, the accuracy of the measurement result can be effectively improved, the measurement speed is high, and the measurement range is large.
2. Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a device for dynamically measuring geometric parameters of train wheels on line, which comprises a speed measuring sensor, a starting switch, a first laser displacement sensor, a second laser displacement sensor and a stopping switch which are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the running direction of a train, wherein a detection light beam of the first laser displacement sensor is vertical to the top surface of the track, and an inclined included angle is formed between the detection light beam of the second laser displacement sensor and the top surface of the track.
Furthermore, the planes of the detection beams of the first laser displacement sensor and the second laser displacement sensor are both vertical to the inner rim surface of the wheel.
Furthermore, the first laser displacement sensor and the second laser displacement sensor both adopt two-dimensional laser displacement sensors.
Furthermore, the included angle between the detection beam of the second laser displacement sensor and the top surface of the track is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 80 degrees.
Furthermore, the sampling frequency of the first laser displacement sensor is the same as that of the second laser displacement sensor.
Furthermore, the first laser displacement sensor and the second laser displacement sensor are arranged on the same displacement sensor bracket.
The invention discloses a method for dynamically measuring geometric parameters of train wheels on line, which adopts the device to measure, when a train wheel to be measured passes through a starting switch, the starting switch is triggered, a first laser displacement sensor and a second laser displacement sensor simultaneously detect the train wheel for data acquisition, when the train wheel passes through a stopping switch, a stopping switch is triggered, and the first laser displacement sensor and the second laser displacement sensor simultaneously stop detection and data acquisition; the data collected by the first laser displacement sensor and the second laser displacement sensor are transmitted to a data processing system for processing, so that the geometric parameters of the train wheels are obtained, and the data processing comprises the following specific steps:
(1) searching characteristic points of the profile line measured by the first laser displacement sensor: specifically, the vertex of the wheel rim in each contour line, namely the point with the minimum distance, is searched to obtain a data set { A }a(a is 1, 2, 3, … …, n; n is the number of effective contour lines measured by the first laser displacement sensor; AaThe distance value measured by the first laser displacement sensor);
(2) with a as the abscissa, AaEstablishing a set of coordinates for the ordinate { (a, A)a) Performing arc fitting on the data in the coordinate group to obtain a fitted coordinate group (B, B)b)}(b＝1,2,3,……)；
(3) Set of coordinates after fitting { (B, B)b) Find the minimum B inminAnd a minimum value BminIf j is not an integer, taking a minimum integer j' which is not less than j;
(4) finding out the profile line corresponding to j' in the data measured by the second laser displacement sensor, finding out the top point of the wheel rim in the profile line, and recording the minimum value C of the top point of the wheel rimmin；
(5) Calculating the diameter D of the rim vertex circle, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: d is the diameter of the top circle of the wheel rim, and is mm; v is the running speed of the train, mm/ms and is measured by a speed measurement sensor; k is laser sampling frequency, KHz; l is the distance between the sensing heads of the first laser displacement sensor and the second laser displacement sensor along the direction parallel to the top surface of the track, and h is the height difference between the sensing heads of the second laser displacement sensor and the first laser displacement sensor along the direction vertical to the top surface of the track; alpha is an included angle between a detection beam of the second laser displacement sensor and the top surface of the track;
(6) calculating the contour line passing through the wheel normal line or the contour line closest to the wheel normal line in the contour lines measured by the second laser displacement sensor, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: j' is the number (rounded) of contour lines passing through the wheel normal line or the nearest contour line from the normal line in the contour lines measured by the second laser displacement sensor, and R is the radius of the wheel rim vertex circle, mm;
(7) intercepting the distance from the inner rim surface of the wheel to the top point section of the wheel rim by the first laser displacement sensor, and combining the distance with the self X-axis coordinate of the first laser displacement sensor to form a coordinate set { (X)d，Bd) }; intercepting the distance from the top point of the wheel rim to the surface section of the outer rim of the wheel by the second laser displacement sensor, and combining the distance with the self X-axis coordinate of the second laser displacement sensor to form a coordinate group { (X)e，Ce) }; splicing the intercepted coordinate set by taking the vertex of the wheel rim as a characteristic point, removing a repeated vertex coordinate of the wheel rim during splicing, and integrating an X coordinate, wherein the inner rim surface of the wheel is taken as a zero point of an abscissa and the outer rim surface of the wheel is taken as an X axis; integrating the distance coordinates to ensure that the distance values at the top points of the wheel rims are equal, and obtaining a distance coordinate set { (X) from the inner rim surface to the outer rim surface of the wheel at different positionsf，Zf)}；
(8) In a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Find X infD or the distance value Z corresponding to the nearest dTAnd the distance value Z at the top point of the wheel rim, the height of the wheel rim is Sh-ZTZ, tread diameter DTD-2 Sh; wherein d is the distance between the wheel diameter measuring base point and the inner rim surface of the wheel.
Further, in the coordinate set { (X)f，Zf) Find the distance value Z ind＝ZTDh or the abscissa X of the outside of the rim corresponding to the value closest to the above mentioned valuedAnd the rim thickness is Sd ═ XdWhere dh is the height between the base point for rim thickness measurement and the base point for tread diameter measurementDegree difference; in a coordinate set { (X)f，Zf) Find the distance value Z inqZ-dr or the abscissa X of the outer side of the rim corresponding to the value closest theretoqIf the wheel rim integrated value is Qr ═ Xd-XqAnd dr is the height difference between the base point and the top point of the wheel rim measured by the wheel rim comprehensive value.
Further, the distance d between the wheel diameter measurement base point and the inner rim surface of the wheel is 70, the height difference dh between the rim thickness measurement base point and the tread diameter measurement base point is 10 or 12, and the height difference dr between the rim comprehensive value measurement base point and the rim vertex is 2.
Furthermore, when the probe head of the second laser displacement sensor is higher than the probe head of the first laser displacement sensor, h in the step takes a positive value; when the probe of the second laser displacement sensor is lower than the probe of the first laser displacement sensor, taking a negative value as h in the step; step (4) CminThe method of determination of (A) is as in (B)min。
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) the invention discloses a device for dynamically measuring geometric parameters of train wheels on line, which comprises a speed measuring sensor, a starting switch, a first laser displacement sensor, a second laser displacement sensor and a stop switch which are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the running direction of a train.
(2) According to the device for the online dynamic measurement of the geometric parameters of the train wheels, all the geometric parameters of the train wheels can be measured by only adopting two laser displacement sensors and one speed measuring sensor, and the device is simple in structure and installation, low in cost, easy to realize and high in popularization and application value. In addition, the device of the invention can realize the non-contact measurement of the geometric parameters of the train wheels, thereby avoiding the abrasion to the wheels.
(3) The method for on-line dynamic measurement of the geometric parameters of the train wheels comprises the steps of detecting the train wheels and acquiring data through the first laser displacement sensor and the second laser displacement sensor by adopting the measuring device, and directly processing the acquired data to obtain the geometric parameters of the train wheels, wherein the measuring precision is relatively high, so that the running safety of a train is guaranteed.
(4) The method for on-line dynamic measurement of the geometric parameters of the train wheels adopts the speed measurement sensor to measure the running speed of the train in real time, uses the measured speed as a known quantity, and compensates the condition that the lowest point of the wheel rim of the train wheel cannot be exactly acquired by the first laser displacement sensor after two continuous acquisitions, thereby greatly improving the measurement precision. The method can realize the on-line dynamic measurement of the train, greatly improve the measurement efficiency and simultaneously facilitate the saving of manpower and material resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the wheel of the present invention;
reference numbers in the drawings illustrate: 1-1, a first laser displacement sensor; 1-2, a second laser displacement sensor; 2. a speed measuring sensor; 3. starting a switch; 4. a stop switch; 5. a displacement sensor support; 6. a track; 7. and (7) wheels.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the device for online dynamic measurement of geometric parameters of train wheels of this embodiment includes a speed sensor 2, a start switch 3, a first laser displacement sensor 1-1, a second laser displacement sensor 1-2, and a stop switch 4, which are sequentially disposed along a train traveling direction inside a track 6, wherein a detection beam of the first laser displacement sensor 1-1 is perpendicular to a top surface of the track 6, an inclined included angle exists between a detection beam of the second laser displacement sensor 1-2 and the top surface of the track 6, and planes of the detection beams of the first laser displacement sensor 1-1 and the second laser displacement sensor 1-2 are both perpendicular to an inner rim surface of a wheel 7. In this embodiment, the first laser displacement sensor 1-1 and the second laser displacement sensor 1-2 both employ two-dimensional laser displacement sensors, an included angle between a detection beam of the second laser displacement sensor 1-2 and the top surface of the track 6 can be set to be equal to or larger than 30 degrees and equal to or smaller than 80 degrees according to circumstances, sampling frequencies of the first laser displacement sensor 1-1 and the second laser displacement sensor 1-2 are the same, the speed measurement sensor 2, the start switch 3, the first laser displacement sensor 1-1, the second laser displacement sensor 1-2 and the stop switch 4 are all connected with the control system, and the first laser displacement sensor 1-1 and the second laser displacement sensor 1-2 are all connected with the data processing system.
With reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2, in the method for on-line dynamic measurement of geometric parameters of train wheels of this embodiment, the device of this embodiment is used for measurement, when a train wheel 7 to be measured passes through a start switch 3, the start switch 3 is triggered, a first laser displacement sensor 1-1 and a second laser displacement sensor 1-2 simultaneously detect the train wheel for data acquisition, when the train wheel passes through a stop switch 4, the stop switch 4 is triggered, and the first laser displacement sensor 1-1 and the second laser displacement sensor 1-2 simultaneously stop detection and data acquisition; the data collected by the first laser displacement sensor 1-1 and the second laser displacement sensor 1-2 are transmitted to a data processing system for processing, and geometric parameters of the train wheels are obtained, wherein the data processing comprises the following specific steps:
(1) searching characteristic points of the profile line measured by the first laser displacement sensor 1-1: specifically, the vertex of the wheel rim in each contour line, namely the point with the minimum distance, is searched to obtain a data set { A }a1, 2, 3, … …, n is the number of effective contour lines measured by the first laser displacement sensor 1-1, AaThe distance value measured by the first laser displacement sensor 1-1);
(2) with a as the abscissa, AaEstablishing a set of coordinates for the ordinate { (a, A)a) To coordinates in the coordinate setCarrying out arc fitting on the data to obtain a fitted coordinate group { (B, B)b)}(b＝1,2,3,……)；
(3) Set of coordinates after fitting { (B, B)b) Find the minimum B inminAnd a minimum value BminIf j is not an integer, taking a minimum integer j' which is not less than j; in the embodiment, the first laser displacement sensor is continuously collected twice and cannot just collect the lowest point of the wheel rim for compensation, so that the measurement precision is greatly improved.
(4) Finding out the profile line corresponding to j' in the data measured by the second laser displacement sensor 1-2, finding out the top point of the wheel rim in the profile line, and recording the minimum value C of the top point of the wheel rimmin，CminThe method of determination of (A) is as in (B)min；
(5) Calculating the diameter D of the rim vertex circle, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: d is the diameter of the top circle of the wheel rim, and is mm; v is the running speed of the train, mm/ms and is measured by a speed measuring sensor 2; k is laser sampling frequency, KHz; l is the distance between the sensing heads of the first laser displacement sensor 1-1 and the second laser displacement sensor 1-2 in the direction parallel to the top surface of the track, h is the height difference between the sensing heads of the second laser displacement sensor 1-2 and the first laser displacement sensor 1-1 in the direction perpendicular to the top surface of the track, and when the detecting head of the second laser displacement sensor 1-2 is higher than the detecting head of the first laser displacement sensor 1-1, h in the step 5 takes a positive value; when the probe of the second laser displacement sensor 1-2 is lower than the probe of the first laser displacement sensor 1-1, taking a negative value as h in the step 5; alpha is an included angle between a detection beam of the second laser displacement sensor 1-2 and the top surface of the track 6;
(6) calculating the contour line passing through the wheel normal line or the contour line closest to the wheel normal line in the contour lines measured by the second laser displacement sensor 1-2, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: j' is the number (rounded) of the contour lines passing through the wheel normal line or the nearest contour line from the normal line in the contour lines measured by the second laser displacement sensor 1-2, and R is the radius of the wheel rim vertex circle, mm;
(7) intercepting the distance from the inner rim surface of the wheel to the top point of the wheel rim of the first laser displacement sensor 1-1, and combining the distance with the self X-axis coordinate of the first laser displacement sensor 1-1 to form a coordinate set { (X)d，Bd) }; the distance from the top point of the wheel edge to the surface section of the outer rim of the wheel is intercepted by the second laser displacement sensor 1-2 and is combined with the self X-axis coordinate of the second laser displacement sensor 1-2 to form a coordinate set { (X)e，Ce) }; splicing the intercepted coordinate set by taking the vertex of the wheel rim as a characteristic point, removing a repeated vertex coordinate of the wheel rim during splicing, and integrating an X coordinate, wherein the inner rim surface of the wheel is taken as a zero point of an abscissa and the outer rim surface of the wheel is taken as an X axis; integrating the distance coordinates to ensure that the distance values at the top points of the wheel rims are equal, and obtaining a distance coordinate set { (X) from the inner rim surface to the outer rim surface of the wheel at different positionsf，Zf)}；
(8) In a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Find X infD or the distance value Z corresponding to the nearest dTAnd the distance value Z at the top point of the wheel rim, the height of the wheel rim is Sh-ZTZ, tread diameter DTD-2 Sh; where d is the distance between the wheel diameter measurement base point and the inner rim surface of the wheel (shown in connection with figure 2).
In a coordinate set { (X)f，Zf) Find the distance value Z ind＝ZTDh or the abscissa X of the outside of the rim corresponding to the value closest to the above mentioned valuedAnd the rim thickness is Sd ═ XdDh is the height difference between the rim thickness measuring base point and the tread diameter measuring base point; in a coordinate set { (X)f，Zf) Find the distance value Z inqZ-dr or the abscissa X of the outer side of the rim corresponding to the value closest theretoqThe wheel rim integrated value is Qr ═Xd-XqAnd dr is the height difference between the base point and the top point of the wheel rim measured by the wheel rim comprehensive value.
Example 2
The device for on-line dynamic measurement of geometric parameters of train wheels in embodiment 1 is used, and the measurement method is the same as that in embodiment 1, specifically, in this embodiment, the distance d between the wheel diameter measurement base point and the wheel inner rim surface is 70 mm.
Example 3
The device for on-line dynamic measurement of the geometric parameters of the train wheels in the embodiment 1 is adopted, the measurement method is the same as that in the embodiment 1, and specifically, the height difference dh between the rim thickness measurement base point and the tread diameter measurement base point in the embodiment is 10 mm or 12 mm.
Example 4
The device for on-line dynamic measurement of geometric parameters of train wheels in embodiment 1 is used, the measurement method is the same as that in embodiment 1, specifically, in this embodiment, the height difference dr between the wheel rim comprehensive value measurement base point and the wheel rim vertex is 2 mm.
Example 5
The structure of the device for on-line dynamic measurement of geometric parameters of train wheels in the embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, and the difference is mainly as follows: in the embodiment, the first laser displacement sensor 1-1 and the second laser displacement sensor 1-2 are arranged on the same displacement sensor bracket 5.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for on-line dynamic measurement of geometric parameters of train wheels is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a device for online dynamic measurement of geometric parameters of train wheels is adopted for measurement, when a train wheel (7) to be measured passes through a starting switch (3), the starting switch (3) is triggered, a first laser displacement sensor (1-1) and a second laser displacement sensor (1-2) detect the train wheel simultaneously for data acquisition, when the train wheel passes through a stopping switch (4), the stopping switch (4) is triggered, and the first laser displacement sensor (1-1) and the second laser displacement sensor (1-2) stop detection and data acquisition simultaneously; the data collected by the first laser displacement sensor (1-1) and the second laser displacement sensor (1-2) are transmitted to a data processing system for processing, and geometric parameters of the train wheels are obtained, wherein the data processing comprises the following specific steps:
(1) searching characteristic points of a contour line measured by a first laser displacement sensor (1-1): specifically, the vertex of the wheel rim in each contour line, namely the point with the minimum distance, is searched to obtain a data set { A }aThe effective contour line number measured by the first laser displacement sensor (1-1) is multiplied by (a is 1, 2, 3, … …, n; n is AaThe distance value measured by the first laser displacement sensor (1-1);
(2) with a as the abscissa, AaEstablishing a set of coordinates for the ordinate { (a, A)a) Performing arc fitting on the data in the coordinate group to obtain a fitted coordinate group (B, B)b)}(b＝1,2,3,……)；
(3) Set of coordinates after fitting { (B, B)b) Find the minimum B inminAnd a minimum value BminIf j is not an integer, taking a minimum integer j' which is not less than j;
(4) finding out the profile line corresponding to j' in the data measured by the second laser displacement sensor (1-2), finding out the top point of the wheel rim in the profile line, and recording the minimum value C of the top point of the wheel rimmin；
(5) Calculating the diameter D of the rim vertex circle, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: d is the diameter of the top circle of the wheel rim, and is mm; v is the running speed of the train, mm/ms and is measured by a speed measuring sensor (2); k is laser sampling frequency, KHz; l is the distance between the sensing heads of the first laser displacement sensor (1-1) and the second laser displacement sensor (1-2) along the direction parallel to the top surface of the track, and h is the height difference between the sensing heads of the second laser displacement sensor (1-2) and the first laser displacement sensor (1-1) along the direction vertical to the top surface of the track; alpha is an included angle between a detection beam of the second laser displacement sensor (1-2) and the top surface of the track (6);
(6) calculating the contour line passing through the wheel normal line or the contour line closest to the wheel normal line in the contour lines measured by the second laser displacement sensor (1-2), wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: j' is the number of the contour lines passing through the wheel normal line or the contour line closest to the normal in the contour lines measured by the second laser displacement sensor (1-2), and R is the radius of the wheel rim vertex circle, mm;
(7) intercepting the distance from the inner rim surface of the wheel to the top point section of the wheel rim of the first laser displacement sensor (1-1), and combining the distance with the self X-axis coordinate of the first laser displacement sensor (1-1) to form a coordinate group { (X)d，Bd) }; intercepting the distance from the vertex of the wheel edge to the outer rim surface section of the wheel by the second laser displacement sensor (1-2), and combining the distance with the X-axis coordinate of the second laser displacement sensor (1-2) to form a coordinate group { (X)e，Ce) }; splicing the intercepted coordinate set by taking the vertex of the wheel rim as a characteristic point, removing a repeated vertex coordinate of the wheel rim during splicing, and integrating an X coordinate, wherein the inner rim surface of the wheel is taken as a zero point of an abscissa and the outer rim surface of the wheel is taken as an X axis; integrating the distance coordinates to ensure that the distance values at the top points of the wheel rims are equal, and obtaining a distance coordinate set { (X) from the inner rim surface to the outer rim surface of the wheel at different positionsf，Zf)}；
(8) In a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Find X infD or the distance value Z corresponding to the nearest dTAnd the distance value Z at the top point of the wheel rim, the height of the wheel rim is Sh-ZTZ, tread diameter DTD-2 Sh; wherein d is the base point of wheel diameter measurement anddistance between inner rim surfaces of the wheel;
the device for the online dynamic measurement of the geometric parameters of the train wheels comprises a speed measuring sensor (2), a starting switch (3), a first laser displacement sensor (1-1), a second laser displacement sensor (1-2) and a stop switch (4), wherein the speed measuring sensor (2), the starting switch (3), the first laser displacement sensor (1-1), the second laser displacement sensor (1-2) and the stop switch (4) are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track (6) along the running direction of the train, the first laser displacement sensor (1-1) and the second laser displacement sensor (1-2) are two-dimensional laser displacement sensors, the planes of detection light beams of the first laser displacement sensor (1-1) are perpendicular to the inner rim surface of a wheel (7), the detection light beams of the first laser displacement sensor (1-1) are perpendicular to the top surface of the track (6), and an.
2. The method for the on-line dynamic measurement of the geometric parameters of the train wheels according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in a coordinate set { (X)f，Zf) Find the distance value Z ind＝ZTDh or the abscissa X of the outside of the rim corresponding to the value closest to the above mentioned valuedAnd the rim thickness is Sd ═ XdDh is the height difference between the rim thickness measuring base point and the tread diameter measuring base point; in a coordinate set { (X)f，Zf) Find the distance value Z inqZ-dr or the abscissa X of the outer side of the rim corresponding to the value closest theretoqIf the wheel rim integrated value is Qr ═ Xd-XqAnd dr is the height difference between the base point and the top point of the wheel rim measured by the wheel rim comprehensive value.
3. The method for the on-line dynamic measurement of the geometric parameters of the train wheels according to claim 2, characterized in that: the distance d between the wheel diameter measuring base point and the inner rim surface of the wheel is 70, the height difference dh between the rim thickness measuring base point and the tread diameter measuring base point is 10 or 12, and the height difference dr between the rim comprehensive value measuring base point and the rim top point is 2.
4. The method for on-line dynamic measurement of geometric parameters of train wheels according to any one of claims 1-3,the method is characterized in that: when the probe head of the second laser displacement sensor (1-2) is higher than the probe head of the first laser displacement sensor (1-1), taking a positive value for h in the step (5); when the detecting head of the second laser displacement sensor (1-2) is lower than the detecting head of the first laser displacement sensor (1-1), taking a negative value as h in the step (5); step (4) CminThe method of determination of (A) is as in (B)min。
5. The method for on-line dynamic measurement of geometric parameters of train wheels according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the included angle between the detection light beam of the second laser displacement sensor (1-2) and the top surface of the track (6) is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 80 degrees.
6. The method for on-line dynamic measurement of geometric parameters of train wheels according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the sampling frequency of the first laser displacement sensor (1-1) is the same as that of the second laser displacement sensor (1-2).
7. The method for on-line dynamic measurement of geometric parameters of train wheels according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the first laser displacement sensor (1-1) and the second laser displacement sensor (1-2) are arranged on the same displacement sensor support (5).
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| CN111089547B (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-09-07 | 成都主导科技有限责任公司 | Train wheel set overall dimension measuring system, measuring device and measuring method |
| CN111595262A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-28 | 马鞍山市雷狮轨道交通装备有限公司 | Portable wheel tread circumferential contour device and method capable of achieving movable measurement |
| CN113624140A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2021-11-09 | 北京镭格之光测量技术有限公司 | Online measuring device and method for wheel cake parameters of railway vehicle |
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| JP2010181216A (en) * | 2009-02-04 | 2010-08-19 | Hankyu Corp | Apparatus for measuring shape of wheel |
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