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CN108699767B - 碎浆机 - Google Patents

碎浆机 Download PDF

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CN108699767B
CN108699767B CN201780012052.2A CN201780012052A CN108699767B CN 108699767 B CN108699767 B CN 108699767B CN 201780012052 A CN201780012052 A CN 201780012052A CN 108699767 B CN108699767 B CN 108699767B
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CN108699767A (zh
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R.巴特
G.戈特沙尔克
E.奥特
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Voith Patent GmbH
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
    • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
    • D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
    • D21B1/12—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by wet methods, by the use of steam
    • D21B1/30—Defibrating by other means
    • D21B1/34—Kneading or mixing; Pulpers
    • D21B1/345—Pulpers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D11/00—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
    • F16D11/14—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts with clutching members movable only axially
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/42—Clutches or brakes
    • B60Y2400/421—Dog type clutches or brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • F16H2037/0873—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft with switching, e.g. to change ranges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H2063/3093—Final output elements, i.e. the final elements to establish gear ratio, e.g. dog clutches or other means establishing coupling to shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2094—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion using positive clutches, e.g. dog clutches

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种将纤维(F)碎化并制成悬浮液的碎浆机，所述碎浆机由容器(2)和至少一个布置在容器(2)中的转子(4)以及至少一个刚性的筛网(3)组成，所述转子用于旋搅处于容器(2)中的纤维悬浮液(1)，所述筛网的设有筛孔(6)的筛面至少绝大部分被转子(4)扫过。在此，应改善疏解，即，在筛孔(6)的顺着转子(4)的旋转方向(10)的一侧上，所述筛孔(6)的横截面具有至少一个弧形部段(9)，所述弧形部段相对筛孔(6)的横截面的中心凹形弯曲地延伸。

Description

碎浆机
本发明涉及一种将纤维碎化并制成悬浮液的碎浆机，所述碎浆机由容器和至少一个布置在容器中的转子以及至少一个刚性的筛网组成，所述转子用于旋搅处于容器中的纤维悬浮液，所述筛网的设有筛孔的筛面至少绝大部分被转子扫过。
该类型的碎浆机主要用于使不同成分的干燥纸浆材料或旧纸进入悬浮液。碎浆机主要由用于悬浮液的容器和至少一个转子组成。被加入的材料松散地以大块、条或挤压颗粒的形式与水剧烈混合，其中，通过转子形成液力的材料环流。
显然应优化这种设备，其中，主要致力于迅速且省力的溶解。在多数情况下，转子紧邻平坦的筛网布置，转子保持该筛网免于堵塞。通过筛网的开孔使所溶解的材料相对于粗大的杂质被筛分并且作为悬浮液被提取。
被普遍接受作为标准类型的碎浆机是，具有在底部区域中的转子的垂直立式筒状容器。将水和待溶解的材料自上方加入该容器中，并且借助转子在悬浮液中形成阻碍流，在悬浮液中，材料在内部区域中被转子向下牵引并且在底部区域中沿径向向外挤压，由此形成环流。
另一通常的构造类型是向上敞开的带有侧向安装的转子的碎浆机容器。在此悬浮液相对于转子大致水平地输送，并且在容器的承载转子的侧壁上偏转。
这种液力上通常不那么有利的形式的优点在于，废料碎浆机位于造纸机下方。
上述筛网主要用于实施分离，其中，纸浆的已经充分溶解的份额通过筛网的开孔被提取，而尚未充分溶解的份额则被阻挡。由此通过已知的方式使碎浆过程变得更经济，当期望时，碎浆机尤其可以持续运行。杂质、也即主要不属于纸张的成分被阻挡并且筛除。
还已知的是，上述碎浆效果进一步增强的方式是，筛板设置在带有缘板的进料侧，例如由文献DE 101 16 367已知的。
由文献WO 03/033152 A1已知一种筛板，所述筛板通过激光射束或水刀被开孔。所述开孔不是圆的，而是设有棱角，并且优选马赛克状地分布在筛板上。由此应该增强碎浆效果。
用于这种碎浆机的已知筛网至少设有圆形的穿孔或如文献EP1679403所述设有长条形的筛孔，其中，必须在优化分级、也即尽可能小的筛孔的要求与尽可能高的流量、也即尽可能大的敞开面的要求之间谋求平衡。
这种筛网的特征由此主要在于位于该筛网上的筛孔的尺寸、形状和数量。
除了大流量之外，在此还致力于相对于液压较高的强度。
为了满足这一点，在文献DE19547585中建议了一种具有支承和筛分层的筛网。
此外，在文献WO 2011/045094中描述一种筛网，其中，筛孔的横截面仅被弧形部段限定边界。
然而筛孔尤其在制造、流量和堵塞风险方面仍有问题。
因此本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，改善溶解的效率。
根据本发明所述技术问题由此解决，即，在筛孔的顺着转子的旋转方向(定向)的一侧上，所述筛孔的横截面具有至少一个弧形部段，所述弧形部段相对筛孔的横截面的中心凹形弯曲地延伸。
转子的面向筛网的一侧因此与筛孔的进料边交互作用。尽管在转子与筛网之间始终保持一定的间距，然而在此所出现的剪力足够使得纸浆颗粒进一步碎化。较大的碎屑还可以跨过筛网与转子之间的间距，从而受到直接的切割作用。
在与转子的共同作用方面，筛孔的位于旋转方向的一侧是特别重要的。通过该侧的凹形弯曲，明显改善了纤维的疏解并且提高了流量。
如果转子的面向旋转方向的前侧向筛孔的凹形弯曲的通口部段运动，则纤维流体一直分布至凹形弯曲的两个端部，这强化了对纤维的处理。
为了能使凹形弯曲设计得尽可能大，筛孔在顺着转子的旋转方向(定向)的一侧上应仅分别具有凹形弯曲的弧形部段。
为处理纤维悬浮液被证实最佳的是，凹形弯曲的弧形部段的半径位于6至20mm之间。
为了转子的前侧尽可能全面地与凹形弯曲的弧形部段共同作用，延伸经过凹形弯曲的弧形部段的两个端部的直线与转子的面向旋转方向的前侧分别构成0°至±20°之间的角。
为了实现尽可能大的敞开的筛面有利的是，在筛孔的逆着转子的旋转方向(定向)的一侧上，筛孔的横截面具有一个或多个棱角。
然而作为备选通常有利的是，筛孔的横截面仅被弧形部段限定边界，其中，半径应该具有正切的过渡并且在曲率半径和/或弯曲方向方面不同。
筛孔的圆形实施方式对借助水刀或激光切割的制造产生有利的影响，因为不需要像在切割棱角时的速度变化。
此外，通过筛孔仅圆形的边棱还显著改善了转子在扫过筛孔时的效果。
为此除了避免堵塞风险之外还实现了在敞开面和筛网方面的优化。
在此，各弧形部段应该长度不同的和/或具有不同的半径，其中，优选较长和较短的弧形部段或较大或较小的半径交替，并且尤其较长、优选尺寸相同的弧形部段具有较大半径，而较短、优选尺寸相同的弧形部段具有较小半径。
为了能使凹形弯曲的弧形部段在筛孔的位于旋转方向的一侧发挥尽可能大的作用，筛孔也应该构造为更长的弧形部段。
为此研究表明，弧形部段的最大半径与最小半径之间大的理想比例在2至5之间。
在最大流量方面特别有利的实施方式在于，筛孔的横截面分别被多个、相对筛孔的横截面的中心凸形弯曲的弧形部段和仅一个凹形弯曲的弧形部段限定边界。
当筛孔的横截面被仅4个弧形部段限定边界时，这允许弧形部段特别明显地弯曲和进而特别明显地作用。
为构成特别有效、凹形弯曲的弧形部段，在此筛孔的优选唯一一个凹形弯曲的弧形部段的半径小于相应对置的凸形弯曲的弧形部段的半径。
其他有的形状在于，筛孔的横截面至少被8个弧形部段限定边界，其中至少两个相互对置的弧形部段相对筛孔的横截面的中心凹形地弯曲。
在转子相应对称的设计中，筛孔的横截面形状允许两个旋转方向，其中，转子的分别面向旋转方向的前侧与筛孔的顺着转子旋转方向(定向)的一侧上的、凹形的弧形部段共同作用。
根据对碎浆机及其结构以及纤维悬浮液的质量以及成分的要求有利的是，筛面的所有筛孔相同地构造。
为在筛网细度基本上相同的情况下提高流量，筛孔应该具有长条形的横截面。
此外，当筛孔的横截面沿纤维悬浮液的穿流方向优选连续增加时，还可以克服堵塞。
在此也将再溶解机器、例如磨浆机理解为碎浆机。
以下应借助多个实施例对本发明进行更详细的阐述。
在附图中：
图1示出穿过立式的碎浆机的横截面；
图2-5示出筛孔6的不同的横截面；
图6示出带有转子4的筛网3的俯视图，和
图7示出穿过筛网3的部分横截面。
可以采用本发明的碎浆机的常见形状是根据图1立式的、筒状且向上敞开的碎浆机，其中，筛网3和转子4位于底部区域中。在运行时将纤维F和水W加入容器2中。制备完成的可泵取的纤维悬浮液1通过筛网3的筛孔6作为良浆A被提取。这种碎浆机长久以来是已知的。
在此，刚性的且圆形的筛网3的筛面绝大部分被转子4或者说转子的转子叶片扫过，其中，转子4沿纤维悬浮液1的流通方向在筛网3前旋转。
为此，图6示出转子4，所述转子与环形平坦的筛网3同心地布置在未示出的碎浆机中。转子4设置有叶片并且确定尺寸，使得转子在旋转时完全或至少绝大部分扫过筛网3的筛面。
对于较大的筛网3来说常见的是，首先将筛网制备为多个环形区段，所述环形区段随后在碎浆机中组合成完整的筛网3。在此处所示的实施例中，整个筛网3由总共八个区段组成，示出其中四个区段。
筛区段能够固定在位于其下方的承载支架11上。
如图7所示，筛孔6的横截面沿流通方向5连续地增大，这克服了筛孔6的堵塞。
在此，具有根据本发明的横截面形状的筛孔6的制备以及横截面变化在激光切割中是根本不成问题的。相反，在缺少棱角时切割设备能够更均匀地沿待切割的轮廓运动。
根据本发明，在筛孔6的顺着转子4的旋转方向(定向)的一侧上，所述筛孔6的横截面具有至少一个弧形部段9，所述弧形部段相对筛孔6的横截面的中心凹形弯曲地延伸。
逆着转子4的旋转方向10向筛孔6中突伸的、相对中心凹形的弧形部段9在与转子4的面向旋转方向10的前侧的共同作用下，导致纤维F的剧烈疏解并且由此导致有效的溶解。
考虑到在此筛孔6的通常尺寸，凹形弯曲的弧形部段9的半径为尽可能全面的效果而在6与20mm之间。
为了使转子4的前侧12与凹形弯曲的弧形部段正面相遇，延伸经过凹形弯曲的弧形部段9的两个端部的直线14与转子4的面向旋转方向10的前侧12在相关筛孔6的区域中分别构成0°至±20°之间的角。这还导致纤维材料流在碰触到转子4时在在凹形弯曲的弧形部段9的两个端部上分开，这有助于疏解。
如果如图6所示，转子4的面向旋转方向10的前侧12不连续平直地延伸，则筛孔6必须相应地定向，由此使得凹形弯曲的弧形部段9能够发挥其功能。
图2至图5为此示例性示出筛孔6的不同的横截面形状。
根据图2至图4的筛孔6的共同点在于，其横截面仅被弧形部段7、8、9限定边界。
在此，弧形部段7、8、9的长度和半径变化，从而使具有较大半径的较长的弧形部段8、9与具有较小半径的较短的弧形部段7交替，其中，凹形弯曲的弧形部段9也始终较长地实施。
最大的弧形部段8、9的半径与最小的弧形部段7的半径之间的比例在此处于3至4的范围内。
在图2和图3所示的筛孔6中，筛孔6的横截面分别通过多个、相对筛孔6的横截面的中心凸形弯曲的弧形部段7、8和仅一个凹形弯曲的弧形部段9限定边界。
根据图2和图6所示的筛孔6的横截面仅通过四个弧形部段7、8、9被限定边界。
在此，筛孔6的凹形弯曲的弧形部段9的半径小于相对置的凸形弯曲的弧形部段8的半径，这对凹形弯曲的弧形部段9的作用发挥有利影响。
与此不同地，图3中筛孔6的横截面由三个较短的凸形弯曲的弧形部段7、两个较长的凸形弯曲的弧形部段8和凹形弯曲的弧形部段9组成。这可有利于分级的改变。
根据图4的实施方式示出筛孔6的横截面，所述横截面被八个弧形部段7、8、9限定边界。在此，在筛孔6的逆着旋转方向10(定向)的一侧上所布置的较长的弧形部段9相对筛孔6的横截面的中心凹形地弯曲。三个分别存在于凹形的弧形部段9之间的弧形部段7、8相对该横截面的中心凸形弯曲。
通过该方式使筛网3适用于转子4的两个旋转方向。
与迄今所述的实施方式不同，图5中筛孔6的横截面在筛孔6的逆着转子4的旋转方向10(定向)的一侧上具有两个棱角13。
直线区段15、16分别从两侧导引至这两个棱角13，其中一个直线区段16将两个棱角13连接，并且另外两个直线区段15分别通过较短的凸形的弧形部段7与较长的凹形弯曲的弧形部段9形成连接。
由此能够利用凹形弯曲的弧形部段9的有利作用实现较大的筛孔6。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于将纤维(F)碎化并制成悬浮液的碎浆机，所述碎浆机由容器(2)和至少一个布置在容器(2)中的转子(4)以及至少一个刚性的筛网(3)组成，所述转子用于旋搅处于容器(2)中的纤维悬浮液(1)，所述筛网的设有筛孔(6)的筛面至少绝大部分被转子(4)扫过，其中，在筛孔(6)的顺着转子(4)的旋转方向(10)的一侧上，所述筛孔(6)的横截面具有至少一个弧形部段(9)，所述弧形部段相对筛孔(6)的横截面的中心凹形弯曲地延伸，其特征在于，延伸经过凹形弯曲的弧形部段(9)的两个端部的直线(14)与转子(4)的面向旋转方向(10)的前侧(12)在相关筛孔(6)的区域中分别构成0°至±20°之间的角和/或所述筛孔(6)的横截面仅被4个弧形部段(7、8、9)限定边界，其中，仅一个弧形部段(9)凹形弯曲，并且所述筛孔(6)的凹形弯曲的弧形部段(9)的半径小于相对置的凸形弯曲的弧形部段(8)的半径。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碎浆机，其特征在于，筛孔(6)在顺着转子(4)的旋转方向(5)的一侧上仅分别具有一个凹形弯曲的弧形部段(9)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的碎浆机，其特征在于，凹形弯曲的弧形部段(9)的半径在6至20mm之间。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的碎浆机，其特征在于，在筛孔(6)的逆着转子(4)的旋转方向(10)的一侧上筛孔(6)的横截面具有一个或多个棱角(13)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的碎浆机，其特征在于，筛孔(6)的横截面仅被弧形部段(7、8、9)限定边界。
6.根据权利要求5所述的碎浆机，其特征在于，弧形部段(7、8、9)长度不同。
7.根据权利要求6所述的碎浆机，其特征在于，较短的弧形部段(7)和较长的弧形部段(8、9)交替，并且所述凹形弯曲的弧形部段(9)是较长的弧形部段。
8.根据权利要求5所述的碎浆机，其特征在于，各弧形部段(7、8、9)具有不同的半径。
9.根据权利要求8所述的碎浆机，其特征在于，较大半径的弧形部段(8、9)和较小半径的弧形部段(7)交替。
10.根据权利要求8所述的碎浆机，其特征在于，较长的弧形部段(8、9)具有较大的半径并且较短的弧形部段(7)具有较小的半径。
11.根据权利要求8所述的碎浆机，其特征在于，弧形部段的最大半径与弧形部段的最小半径之间的比例为2至5之间。
12.根据权利要求5所述的碎浆机，其特征在于，筛孔(6)的横截面分别由多个相对筛孔(6)的横截面的中心凸形弯曲的弧形部段(7、8)和仅一个凹形弯曲的弧形部段(9)限定边界。
13.根据权利要求5所述的碎浆机，其特征在于，筛孔(6)的横截面被4个弧形部段(7、8、9)限定边界。
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