CN108491999A - A kind of objective quantification method to electric vehicle steady-state noise subjective assessment - Google Patents
A kind of objective quantification method to electric vehicle steady-state noise subjective assessment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of objective quantification method to electric vehicle steady-state noise subjective assessment, the present invention uses objective evaluation parameter of the psychoacoustic parameter as electric vehicle idle noise, solves the problems, such as that sound pressure level cannot fundamentally characterize noise signal.In the present invention to the subjective assessment personnel of electric vehicle idle noise using different sexes, different age group, the different driving age, different majors degree personnel, solve the problems, such as that subjective assessment personnel cannot characterize Market Consumer.It is given a mark using subjective under real vehicle state to the subjective assessment mode of electric vehicle idle noise in the present invention, real vehicle environment cannot be simulated when solving the problems, such as to give a mark in a manner of playing back sample sound in the past completely.The present invention can solve the inconsistent situation of internal car noise subjective evaluation that electric vehicle encounters in R&D process, provide reference with formulation for the NVH goal decompositions in electric vehicle development, evaluation thinking is provided for the sound quality of electric vehicle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of quantization methods, more particularly, to a kind of to the objective of electric vehicle steady-state noise subjective assessment
Quantization method.
Background technology
With the increase of environmental protection pressure and help from government dynamics, the development speedup of electric vehicle industry is apparent.While with
The development of society, consumer also proposed increasingly higher demands to the riding comfort of automobile.Although electric vehicle compared to
The internal car noise sound pressure level of orthodox car is substantially reduced, but due to containing more electromagnetic noise and high-order in electric vehicle noise contribution
Secondary noise, it is significantly higher that this allows for electric vehicle noise frequency, gives a kind of uncomfortable feeling of people.This is also to electric vehicle factory
Family proposes higher NVH performance requirements.However, human ear is and its complicated to the subjective feeling of automobile noise, vehicle
Idle noise quality must not be judged by simple sound pressure level.It is how correctly main during vehicle NVH performance developments
It is always a problem to see assessment internal car noise.While considering vibration and noise reducing, how to improve and make us not in internal car noise frequency spectrum
Pleasant frequency content is particularly critical, this is also that NVH engineer needs the content paid close attention to.
Currently, in terms of improving interior idle noise, in stage of many domestic manufacturers all also in simple noise reduction, car is made an uproar
The exploitation of sound is also only using weighted sound pressure level as development goal.It, will be in evaluation vehicle since the subjective feeling of people is more complicated
The idle noise sound pressure level for occurring the inconsistent phenomenon of subjective and objective result, especially electric vehicle when interior noiseproof feature is very low, but
It is since radio-frequency component is higher, the subjective feeling of people is excessively poor, therefore the subjective feeling and sound pressure level of electric vehicle idle noise
Differ larger.In addition, subjective assessment is a time-consuming and laborious process, the subjective assessment personnel amount not only needed is more, to commenting
The professional standards of valence personnel also there are certain requirements.In view of this, design is a kind of to the objective of electric vehicle steady-state noise subjective assessment
Quantization method replaces weighted sound pressure level as the objective physical of characterization electric vehicle idle noise using part psychoacoustic parameter
Amount, real vehicle carry out subjective assessment, carry out objective quantification using mathematical statistics relative theory, effectively realize subjective evaluation and differ
The problem of cause and subjective assessment forecasting problem.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of objective quantification method to electric vehicle steady-state noise subjective assessment, can effectively solve
State the problems in background technology.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
A kind of objective quantification method to electric vehicle steady-state noise subjective assessment of the invention, including microphone, including such as
Lower method and step:
1st step, by the electric automobile whole idle stop place smaller in ambient noise;
Microphone is arranged in driver's right ear position by the 2nd step, and the arrangement of microphone is with reference to GB/T 18697-2002 sound
Learn Vehicle Interior Noise measurement method, it is desirable that used sensor, instrument and meter have by calibration and calibration in experiment
The effective metering quality certification;
Microphone is connect by the 3rd step with data acquisition device, line frequency of going forward side by side Initialize installation;
4th step carries out calibration calibration to microphone, after vehicle-state stabilization, acquires valid data, every group of signal acquisition
5s, each car acquire 4 groups of useful signals, acquire the horizontal different electric vehicle idle noise time domain of 20 or more idle noises altogether
Signal;
5th step carries out each objective ginseng using signal processing software to each electric vehicle idle noise time-domain signal of acquisition
Several calculating is first averaging processing 4 groups of time-domain signals of each car before calculating, and the unified analytical spectra line number that is arranged is 16384,
The objective parameter average value of 4 groups of signals of each car is calculated, to form data matrix, only sound pressure level before parameter calculates
It calculating and carries out A weighteds, for other parameters without weighted processing, ripe signal analysis software can be used in calculation, including
HEAD_Artemis and LMS_test.lab;
6th step selects subjective assessment place and subjective assessment personnel, the preferred vehicle semianechoic room in subjective assessment place main
See evaluation personnel number should more than 20 people, subjective assessment personnel should cover different genders, age bracket, the driving age and whether be
Automobile major relevant staff, preferably 1:1 male to female ratio, age bracket based on the young, middle age, no less than 3 year driving age
Evaluation personnel should account for 50% or more, and automobile major especially NVH professionals relevant staff must not be higher than 50%;
7th step should carry out evaluation personnel before evaluation related training, be familiar with subjective evaluation method, rectify working attitude
And gentle mood, so that evaluation personnel is carried out subjective assessment with normal body and the state of mind, training must not have automobile water
Flat good and bad and sound quality hint, ensures that estimator is given a mark with subjective feeling authentic and validly;
8th step, marking evaluation, it is ensured that vehicle-state is stablized before progress subjective assessment, evaluation method uses grade scoring
The mode that method is combined in Numerical value method, the score value that different vehicles is carried out 0-10 by everyone are given a mark, the higher representative of numerical value
Subjective feeling effect is better, and material is thus formed a data matrixes;
9th step, everyone marking are all used as a vector, each vector are normalized, and are commented with eliminating
The otherness of valence person's marking value centrostigma, score value is all controlled between 1-9, method is as follows:
In formula:XiFor arbitrary score value, X 'iFor the score value after normalization, XminFor lower 20 evaluations of same acoustic environment
The minimum value of personnel's marking, XmaxFor the maximum value of the lower 20 evaluation personnels marking of same acoustic environment;
Data after normalization are removed into maximum value and minimum value, the then marking by each marking personnel to same vehicle
Value is averaged, as the subjective assessment value of this vehicle idle noise, so as to form a vector comprising 20 data, generation
Table the subjective assessment score value of 20 vehicles;
10th step carries out correlation analysis to subjective evaluation result and each objective parameter, carries out correlation model foundation, modeling
The foundation of the preferred multiple linear regression of method, mathematical model is the correlation based on subjective and objective data, according to the side of successive Regression
Method is obtained by multiple regression, using objective examination's quantity and subjective evaluation result, by common least square method OLS to returning
Return model to carry out parameter Estimation, establishes equation of linear regression:
Y=β0+β1X1+β2X2+···+βnXn
Y is subjective evaluation result, regards explained variable, β as1、β2···βnIt is partial regression coefficient, X1、X2···Xn
It is explanatory variable, n is the number of explanatory variable, and in modeling process, the principle that variable is chosen is:The P values that F is examined are less than or equal to
0.05 variations per hour introduces, and P values are removed more than or equal to 0.1 variations per hour;
11st step, the statistical test of model, with R2Examine the goodness of fit, each parametric t test significance of selection
Should be less than 0.05, show that the linear relationship of independent variable and dependent variable is statistically meaningful, for model foundation and
It examines, can be analyzed by means of ripe software SPSS;
Because the idle noise frequency component in electric vehicle is relatively single and higher, sharpness and pure tone should be paid close attention to
Degree and the correlation of subjective evaluation result, since loudness is affected to human ear, loudness also should be as paying close attention to
Objective parameter;
12nd step, it is Modifying model that the practicability of model, which is examined, be optionally different from the idle noise of the above electric vehicle into
Row test data collection and subjective assessment carry out calculation processing to subjective and objective parameter, come in and go out into model, to the accuracy of model
It is verified and is corrected, until the model can accurately predict subjective evaluation result, which is that enlarged sample amount makes
Model is more accurate, when prediction error is stablized when within 10%, it is believed that the model has is made an uproar using electric vehicle idling
The effect of objective examination's data prediction subjective evaluation result of sound.
Preferably, the preferred anechoic room in place in the 1st step, and vehicle should be parked in the free field range of anechoic room
In.
Preferably, it is 48kHz that sample frequency is arranged in the 3rd step.
Preferably, the calculating content in the 5th step include the weighted sound pressure level of signal, it is loudness, sharpness, coarse
6 degree, shake degree and pure tone degree objective psychoacoustic parameters, the data matrix of formation are the data matrix of a 20*6,
This data matrix represents 6 objective parameters of 20 vehicle idle noises.
Preferably, the data matrix in the 8th step is the data matrix of 20*20, and it is electronic to represent 20 people couple 20
The horizontal subjective marking of vehicle idle noise.
Preferably, vector is 20 in the 9th step.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:The present invention is commented using psychoacoustic parameter as the objective of electric vehicle idle noise
Valence parameter, rather than use traditional weighted sound pressure level as objective parameter, it solves sound pressure level and cannot fundamentally characterize and make an uproar
The problem of acoustical signal.In the present invention to the subjective assessment personnel of electric vehicle idle noise using different sexes, different age group,
The different driving ages, different majors degree personnel, solve the problems, such as that subjective assessment personnel cannot characterize Market Consumer.This
It is given a mark, is solved in the past with playback using subjective under real vehicle state to the subjective assessment mode of electric vehicle idle noise in invention
The problem of mode of sample sound cannot simulate real vehicle environment completely when giving a mark.The present invention can solve electric vehicle and research and develop
The inconsistent situation of the internal car noise subjective evaluation that is encountered in journey is NVH goal decompositions in electric vehicle development and formulate
Reference is provided, evaluation thinking is provided for the sound quality of electric vehicle, improves NVH performance efficiency of research and development.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and a part for constitution instruction, the reality with the present invention
It applies example to be used to explain the present invention together, not be construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the model foundation and use principle structural schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is microphone distributed architecture schematic diagram one in the collecting vehicle of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is microphone distributed architecture schematic diagram two in the collecting vehicle of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the marking evaluation result quantizing structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
In figure:1, microphone.
Specific implementation mode
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments, is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
- 4 are please referred to Fig.1, the present invention provides a kind of technical solution:
A kind of objective quantification method to electric vehicle steady-state noise subjective assessment, including microphone 1, including following method
Step:
1st step, by the electric automobile whole idle stop place smaller in ambient noise;
Microphone 1 is arranged in driver's right ear position by the 2nd step, and the arrangement of microphone 1 is with reference to GB/T 18697-2002
Acoustics Vehicle Interior Noise measurement method, it is desirable that used sensor, instrument and meter are by calibration and calibration, tool in experiment
There is the effective metering quality certification;
Microphone is connect by the 3rd step with data acquisition device, line frequency of going forward side by side Initialize installation;
4th step carries out calibration calibration to microphone, after vehicle-state stabilization, acquires valid data, every group of signal acquisition
5s, each car acquire 4 groups of useful signals, acquire the horizontal different electric vehicle idle noise time domain of 20 or more idle noises altogether
Signal;
5th step carries out each objective ginseng using signal processing software to each electric vehicle idle noise time-domain signal of acquisition
Several calculating is first averaging processing 4 groups of time-domain signals of each car before calculating, and the unified analytical spectra line number that is arranged is 16384,
The objective parameter average value of 4 groups of signals of each car is calculated, to form data matrix, only sound pressure level before parameter calculates
It calculating and carries out A weighteds, for other parameters without weighted processing, ripe signal analysis software can be used in calculation, including
HEAD_Artemis and LMS_test.lab;
6th step selects subjective assessment place and subjective assessment personnel, the preferred vehicle semianechoic room in subjective assessment place main
See evaluation personnel number should more than 20 people, subjective assessment personnel should cover different genders, age bracket, the driving age and whether be
Automobile major relevant staff, preferably 1:1 male to female ratio, age bracket based on the young, middle age, no less than 3 year driving age
Evaluation personnel should account for 50% or more, and automobile major especially NVH professionals relevant staff must not be higher than 50%;
7th step should carry out evaluation personnel before evaluation related training, be familiar with subjective evaluation method, rectify working attitude
And gentle mood, so that evaluation personnel is carried out subjective assessment with normal body and the state of mind, training must not have automobile water
Flat good and bad and sound quality hint, ensures that estimator is given a mark with subjective feeling authentic and validly;
8th step, marking evaluation, it is ensured that vehicle-state is stablized before progress subjective assessment, evaluation method uses grade scoring
The mode that method is combined in Numerical value method, the score value that different vehicles is carried out 0-10 by everyone are given a mark, the higher representative of numerical value
Subjective feeling effect is better, and material is thus formed a data matrixes;
9th step, everyone marking are all used as a vector, each vector are normalized, and are commented with eliminating
The otherness of valence person's marking value centrostigma, score value is all controlled between 1-9, method is as follows:
In formula:XiFor arbitrary score value, X 'iFor the score value after normalization, XminFor lower 20 evaluations of same acoustic environment
The minimum value of personnel's marking, XmaxFor the maximum value of the lower 20 evaluation personnels marking of same acoustic environment;
Data after normalization are removed into maximum value and minimum value, the then marking by each marking personnel to same vehicle
Value is averaged, as the subjective assessment value of this vehicle idle noise, so as to form a vector comprising 20 data, generation
Table the subjective assessment score value of 20 vehicles;
10th step carries out correlation analysis to subjective evaluation result and each objective parameter, carries out correlation model foundation, modeling
The foundation of the preferred multiple linear regression of method, mathematical model is the correlation based on subjective and objective data, according to the side of successive Regression
Method is obtained by multiple regression, using objective examination's quantity and subjective evaluation result, by common least square method OLS to returning
Return model to carry out parameter Estimation, establishes equation of linear regression:
Y=β0+β1X1+β2X2+···+βnXn
Y is subjective evaluation result, regards explained variable, β as1、β2···βnIt is partial regression coefficient, X1、X2···Xn
It is explanatory variable, n is the number of explanatory variable, and in modeling process, the principle that variable is chosen is:The P values that F is examined are less than or equal to
0.05 variations per hour introduces, and P values are removed more than or equal to 0.1 variations per hour;
11st step, the statistical test of model, with R2Examine the goodness of fit, each parametric t test significance of selection
Should be less than 0.05, show that the linear relationship of independent variable and dependent variable is statistically meaningful, for model foundation and
It examines, can be analyzed by means of ripe software SPSS;
Because the idle noise frequency component in electric vehicle is relatively single and higher, sharpness and pure tone should be paid close attention to
Degree and the correlation of subjective evaluation result, since loudness is affected to human ear, loudness also should be as paying close attention to
Objective parameter;
12nd step, it is Modifying model that the practicability of model, which is examined, be optionally different from the idle noise of the above electric vehicle into
Row test data collection and subjective assessment carry out calculation processing to subjective and objective parameter, come in and go out into model, to the accuracy of model
It is verified and is corrected, until the model can accurately predict subjective evaluation result, which is that enlarged sample amount makes
Model is more accurate, when prediction error is stablized when within 10%, it is believed that the model has is made an uproar using electric vehicle idling
The effect of objective examination's data prediction subjective evaluation result of sound.
In the above-described embodiments, the preferred anechoic room in place in the 1st step, and vehicle should be parked in the free field model of anechoic room
In enclosing.
In the above-described embodiments, it is 48kHz that sample frequency is arranged in the 3rd step.
In the above-described embodiments, the calculating content in the 5th step include the weighted sound pressure level of signal, it is loudness, sharpness, coarse
6 degree, shake degree and pure tone degree objective psychoacoustic parameters, the data matrix of formation are the data matrix of a 20*6, this number
6 objective parameters of 20 vehicle idle noises according to matrix representative.
In the above-described embodiments, the data matrix in the 8th step is the data matrix of 20*20, represents 20 people couple, 20 electricity
The horizontal subjective marking of motor-car idle noise.
In the above-described embodiments, vector is 20 in the 9th step.
The present invention uses objective evaluation parameter of the psychoacoustic parameter as electric vehicle idle noise, rather than uses and pass
The weighted sound pressure level of system solves the problems, such as that sound pressure level cannot fundamentally characterize noise signal as objective parameter.The present invention
In to the subjective assessment personnel of electric vehicle idle noise using different sexes, different age group, different driving ages, different majors journey
The personnel of degree solve the problems, such as that subjective assessment personnel cannot characterize Market Consumer.It is idle to electric vehicle in the present invention
The subjective assessment mode of fast noise uses subjective marking under real vehicle state, solves and is given a mark in a manner of playing back sample sound in the past
Shi Buneng simulates the problem of real vehicle environment completely.The present invention can solve the internal car noise that electric vehicle encounters in R&D process
The inconsistent situation of subjective evaluation provides reference with formulation for the NVH goal decompositions in electric vehicle development, is electric vehicle
Sound quality promoted provide evaluation thinking, improve NVH performance efficiency of research and development.
Finally it should be noted that:The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, still may be used
With technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features,
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of objective quantification method to electric vehicle steady-state noise subjective assessment, including microphone (1), which is characterized in that
Including following method and step:
1st step, by the electric automobile whole idle stop place smaller in ambient noise;
Microphone (1) is arranged in driver's right ear position by the 2nd step, and the arrangement of microphone (1) is with reference to GB/T 18697-2002
Acoustics Vehicle Interior Noise measurement method, it is desirable that used sensor, instrument and meter are by calibration and calibration, tool in experiment
There is the effective metering quality certification;
Microphone is connect by the 3rd step with data acquisition device, line frequency of going forward side by side Initialize installation;
4th step carries out calibration calibration to microphone, after vehicle-state stabilization, acquisition valid data, and every group of signal acquisition 5s,
Each car acquires 4 groups of useful signals, acquires the horizontal different electric vehicle idle noise time domain letter of 20 or more idle noises altogether
Number;
5th step carries out each objective parameter using signal processing software to each electric vehicle idle noise time-domain signal of acquisition
It calculates, first 4 groups of time-domain signals of each car is averaging processing before calculating, the unified analytical spectra line number that is arranged is 16384, is calculated
Go out the objective parameter average value of 4 groups of signals of each car, to form a data matrix, the only calculating of sound pressure level before parameter calculating
A weighteds are carried out, for other parameters without weighted processing, ripe signal analysis software, including HEAD_ can be used in calculation
Artemis and LMS_test.lab;
6th step selects subjective assessment place and subjective assessment personnel, the preferred vehicle semianechoic room in subjective assessment place, subjectivity to comment
Valence personnel number should be more than 20 people, and whether subjective assessment personnel should cover different genders, age bracket, driving age and be automobile
Professional relevant staff, preferably 1:1 male to female ratio, age bracket is based on the young, middle age, the evaluation of no less than 3 year driving age
Personnel should account for 50% or more, and automobile major especially NVH professionals relevant staff must not be higher than 50%;
7th step should carry out related training to evaluation personnel before evaluation, be familiar with subjective evaluation method, proper working attitude and
Gentle mood makes evaluation personnel carry out subjective assessment with normal body and the state of mind, and it is excellent that training must not have vehicle level
Bad and fine or not sound hint ensures that estimator is given a mark with subjective feeling authentic and validly;
8th step, marking evaluation, carry out subjective assessment before it is ensured that vehicle-state stablize, evaluation method using grade scoring method in
The mode that Numerical value method is combined, the score value that different vehicles is carried out 0-10 by everyone are given a mark, and numerical value is higher to represent subjectivity
Perceptual effect is better, and material is thus formed a data matrixes;
9th step, everyone marking are all used as a vector, each vector are normalized, to eliminate estimator
The otherness of marking value centrostigma all controls score value between 1-9, and method is as follows:
In formula:XiFor arbitrary score value, X 'iFor the score value after normalization, XminFor lower 20 evaluation personnels of same acoustic environment
The minimum value of marking, XmaxFor the maximum value of the lower 20 evaluation personnels marking of same acoustic environment;
Data after normalization are removed into maximum value and minimum value, then by each marking personnel to the marking of same vehicle be worth into
Row is average, and as the subjective assessment value of this vehicle idle noise represents so as to form a vector comprising 20 data
The subjective assessment score value of 20 vehicles;
10th step carries out correlation analysis to subjective evaluation result and each objective parameter, carries out correlation model foundation, modeling method
It is preferred that multiple linear regression, the foundation of mathematical model is the correlation based on subjective and objective data, according to the method for successive Regression, warp
It crosses multiple regression to obtain, using objective examination's quantity and subjective evaluation result, by common least square method OLS to regression model
Parameter Estimation is carried out, equation of linear regression is established:
Y=β0+β1X1+β2X2+···+βnXn
Y is subjective evaluation result, regards explained variable, β as1、β2···βnIt is partial regression coefficient, X1、X2···XnIt is solution
Variable is released, n is the number of explanatory variable, and in modeling process, the principle that variable is chosen is:The P values that F is examined are less than or equal to 0.05
Variations per hour introduces, and P values are removed more than or equal to 0.1 variations per hour;
11st step, the statistical test of model, with R2The goodness of fit, each parametric t test significance of selection is examined to should be less than
0.05, show that the linear relationship of independent variable and dependent variable is statistically meaningful, foundation and inspection for model can
It is analyzed by means of ripe software SPSS;
Because the idle noise frequency component in electric vehicle is relatively single and higher, should pay close attention to sharpness and pure tone degree with
The correlation of subjective evaluation result, since loudness is affected to human ear, loudness also should be objective as paying close attention to
Parameter;
12nd step, it is Modifying model that the practicability of model, which is examined, and the idle noise for being optionally different from the above electric vehicle is surveyed
Data acquisition and subjective assessment are tried, calculation processing is carried out to subjective and objective parameter, is come in and gone out into model, the accuracy of model is carried out
Verification and amendment, until the model can accurately predict subjective evaluation result, which is that enlarged sample amount makes model
It is more accurate, when prediction error is stablized when within 10%, it is believed that the model has using electric vehicle idle noise
The effect of objective examination's data prediction subjective evaluation result.
2. a kind of objective quantification method to electric vehicle steady-state noise subjective assessment, feature exist according to claim 1
In, the preferred anechoic room in place in the 1st step, and vehicle should be parked in the free field range of anechoic room.
3. a kind of objective quantification method to electric vehicle steady-state noise subjective assessment, feature exist according to claim 1
In it is 48kHz that sample frequency is arranged in the 3rd step.
4. a kind of objective quantification method to electric vehicle steady-state noise subjective assessment, feature exist according to claim 1
In the calculating content in the 5th step includes weighted sound pressure level, loudness, sharpness, roughness, shake degree and the pure tone of signal
6 objective psychoacoustic parameters are spent, the data matrix of formation is the data matrix of a 20*6, this data matrix represents
6 objective parameters of 20 vehicle idle noises.
5. a kind of objective quantification method to electric vehicle steady-state noise subjective assessment, feature exist according to claim 1
In it is horizontal to represent 20 people couple, 20 electric vehicle idle noises for the data matrix that the data matrix in the 8th step is 20*20
Subjective marking.
6. a kind of objective quantification method to electric vehicle steady-state noise subjective assessment, feature exist according to claim 1
In vector is 20 in the 9th step.
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CN109443792A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-03-08 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | A kind of automobile drives at a constant speed the evaluation method of sound quality |
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2018
- 2018-02-10 CN CN201810137120.4A patent/CN108491999A/en not_active Withdrawn
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