CN108441659B - Smelting process of high-strength high-toughness die-casting A356 aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Smelting process of high-strength high-toughness die-casting A356 aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN108441659B CN108441659B CN201810278183.1A CN201810278183A CN108441659B CN 108441659 B CN108441659 B CN 108441659B CN 201810278183 A CN201810278183 A CN 201810278183A CN 108441659 B CN108441659 B CN 108441659B
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910018580 Al—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910018137 Al-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910018573 Al—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract description 32
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019752 Mg2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of smelting of aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to a smelting process of high-strength and high-toughness die-casting A356 aluminum alloy, which comprises the steps of melting raw materials, removing slag and refining, wherein mixed rare earth, Al-Zn intermediate alloy and Al-Ag intermediate alloy are doped into Al-Ti-B, Al-Ti-C, Al-Sr and Al-Zr to be used as composite refining alterant to treat molten aluminum liquid; wherein the addition amount of the misch metal is 0.01-0.03 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of the Al-Zn intermediate alloy is 0.012-0.02 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of the Al-Ag intermediate alloy is 0.04-0.09 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt; the composite refining alterant is added to treat molten aluminum liquid, so that the air suction reaction caused by the traditional Al-Sr modification is avoided while the modification effect is maintained for a long time, and the composite refiner provided by the invention can form a special-shaped core in a melt more efficiently, so that the solidification efficiency and the solidification quality of the aluminum alloy are improved, and the obtained A356 aluminum alloy has the technical characteristics of high toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy smelting, and particularly relates to a smelting process of high-strength high-toughness die-casting A356 aluminum alloy.
Background
The A356 aluminum alloy is an aluminum-based high-silicon alloy, and simply speaking, the A356 aluminum alloy is Al-Si binary alloy with magnesium added to form a strengthening phase Mg2Si, and the aging strengthening capability of the alloy is obviously improved through heat treatment, and the mechanical property of the alloy is improved. The current aluminum for automobile hubs usually uses the requirements of A356.2 of the American standard to specify the requirements of alloy ingots.
For automobiles, the most effective method for saving oil consumption is to reduce the self weight of the automobiles, and the use of lightweight materials is the most important way, and because the aluminum alloy material has the advantages of light weight, high strength, good formability, moderate price, high recovery rate and the like, the aluminum alloy material becomes the preferred material for reducing the self weight of the automobiles, and A356 series aluminum alloy is developed under the background. The existing cast aluminum alloy has low impact toughness and generally cannot bear large impact load, and when an automobile is collided or is driven violently, the aluminum alloy material cannot bear large impact load and is seriously deformed, so that the life and property safety of passengers is seriously threatened; in addition, in consideration of the cost factor, a certain amount of scrap returns must be doped in the process of casting the aluminum alloy material, and the scrap returns are doped with a refiner, an alterant and aluminum scraps, which bring more serious influence on the mechanical properties of finished products, so that the adoption of a proper smelting process has important influence on obtaining the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy.
In the smelting and casting process of aluminum alloy, grain refinement is an indispensable process, the adopted grain refiner is not separated from the Al-Ti series intermediate alloy, the Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy is the high-efficiency grain refiner of the aluminum alloy and still has the best refining effect till now, and the popular grain refiner is used, but the grain refiner has the problems that TiB2 is easy to gather, and is easy to combine with salt solvents in an oxide film or a melt to cause inclusion and cause the defect that an aluminum product has pinholes, Al-Ti-C is the most intensely developed aluminum alloy grain refiner at present, but the production and the manufacture are difficult, particularly, C is difficult to dissolve into a substrate, and the manufacturing cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a smelting process of high-strength and high-toughness die-casting A356 aluminum alloy, reduces the casting defects of finished products, and improves the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy finished products.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a smelting process of high-strength and high-toughness die-cast A356 aluminum alloy comprises the steps of melting raw materials, removing slag and refining, and treating the molten aluminum liquid by doping mixed rare earth, Al-Zn intermediate alloy and Al-Ag intermediate alloy into Al-Ti-B, Al-Ti-C, Al-Sr and Al-Zr as composite refining alterant; wherein the addition amount of the misch metal is 0.01-0.03 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of the Al-Zn intermediate alloy is 0.012-0.02 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of the Al-Ag intermediate alloy is 0.04-0.09 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
in the invention, the comprehensive performance of the product is improved by adding the mixed refiner and the mixed modifier, in particular to an aluminum alloy smelting process added with a large amount of scrap returns.
The specific operation flow of the aluminum alloy smelting process comprises the following steps:
s1: charging
Firstly, loading small blocks, sheet waste and scrap returns, then loading aluminum ingots and large blocks, and finally loading intermediate alloy; small lump materials and sheet waste materials are arranged at the lower layer of the molten pool, so that burning loss can be reduced, and the furnace body can be prevented from being damaged by direct impact of large lump materials; the intermediate alloy has higher melting point, is arranged on the upper layer of the furnace body, is easy to melt by utilizing the high temperature of the upper part in the furnace, and can be diffused for enough time on the upper part of the furnace body, so that the intermediate alloy is uniformly distributed and is beneficial to the component control of a fused mass.
S2: melting by heating
After the charging materials are loaded, the temperature can be raised, the melting process is a process of changing from a solid state to a liquid state, and the quality of the process has decisive influence on the product quality.
The furnace burden melting process is that an oxide film covered on the surface of the outer layer of the metal is firstly broken, so that the metal gradually loses the protective effect, gas easily invades at the moment to cause further oxidation of the metal inside, the oxide film can be mixed into the melt in the process that molten metal liquid flows to the furnace bottom, and in order to prevent the metal from further oxidation and reduce the oxide film from entering the melt, when the furnace burden is softened and sunk, a layer of powdery solvent is scattered on the surface of the metal to be used as a covering agent to cover the surface of the metal, and the metal suction in the metal melting process is reduced.
In order to prevent the metal from overheating during melting, when the hearth temperature reaches 1200 ℃, the melt should be properly stirred to ensure that the temperature in each part of the molten pool is uniform and consistent, and the melting is accelerated.
S3: skimming and stirring
When the furnace burden is fully melted in the molten pool and the temperature of the melt reaches the melting temperature, a large amount of oxidation slag floating on the surface of the melt can be removed; in order to separate the oxidation slag from the metal and carry out the metal as little as possible, a powdery solvent is firstly uniformly scattered on the melt to separate the slag from the metal. The slag skimming is required to be stable, the slag is prevented from being involved in the melt, the slag skimming is thorough, the gas content of the melt is increased due to the existence of scum, and the metal is polluted.
After slagging off, the melt is stirred, the aim is to ensure that the alloy components are uniformly distributed and the temperature in the melt tends to be consistent, and if the stirring is not thorough, namely enough time is not ensured and dead angles are eliminated, the chemical components of the melt are not uniform easily; the stirring should be performed smoothly, and too large waves should not be excited to prevent the oxide film from being caught in the melt.
S4: composition adjustment
After the melt is fully stirred, sampling is required to confirm the component composition, and appropriate feeding or diluting is carried out.
S5: refining and modifying
After the melt components are confirmed to meet the requirements, the composite refining alterant provided by the invention is added into the melt to improve the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy finished product.
S6: and (3) infusing the metal melt into a standing furnace, and then transferring into a mould for casting and forming.
The A356 alloy contains about 7% of silicon phase, the silicon exists in the matrix mainly in the form of eutectic silicon, in the untreated alloy, the silicon phase is distributed in the aluminum matrix in the form of strips, the strip brittle silicon phase can destroy the continuity of the aluminum matrix, and the mechanical property of the alloy is seriously influenced, therefore, by adding Al-Sr intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy, Al-Sr in the prior art has longer modification effect maintaining time, but Sr can increase the gas absorption of the aluminum melt, so that more oxidizing slag is doped in the aluminum melt, and by adding Al-Zr, the gas absorption of the aluminum melt is effectively avoided, meanwhile, the longer modification time is effectively maintained, the modification effect can reach 4-5 hours, and the smelting treatment of the aluminum alloy is satisfied.
Production practices in the prior art have proved that the refinement of the structure can effectively improve the performance of the alloy, the grain refinement treatment of the alloy is to add a small amount of substances capable of forming heterogeneous nucleation into an alloy melt and generate a large amount of crystal cores in the melt, and the commonly used method for refining the grains is to add a small amount of Ti and B into an A356 alloy melt and use Al3Ti formed by the titanium and the aluminum as the crystal cores of the aluminum alloy solid melt to play a role of heterogeneous cores and refine the aluminum alloy structure. In order to further improve the refining effect of the aluminum alloy structure, the mixed rare earth, the Al-Zn intermediate alloy and the Al-Ag intermediate alloy are used as composite refiner to generate a large amount of heterogeneous nucleation and improve the solidification efficiency and the solidification quality of the aluminum alloy.
According to the invention, the addition amount of Al-Ti-B, Al-Ti-C, Al-Sr and Al-Zr can be selected in a wide range, in order to further reduce the casting defects of the finished product and improve the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy finished product, the addition amount of Al-Ti-B is 0.1-0.3 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of Al-Ti-C is 0.1-0.3 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of Al-Sr is 0.012-0.02 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of Al-Zr is 0.01-0.015 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt.
According to the invention, the mixed rare earth comprises 45-55% of cerium, 20-28% of lanthanum, 3-8% of praseodymium, 15-25% of neodymium and 0.01-0.05% of yttrium, the content of non-rare earth impurities is less than or equal to 1%, and the percentage is mass percent.
Further, the mixed rare earth comprises 52-55% of cerium, 21-24% of lanthanum, 4-6% of praseodymium, 16-20% of neodymium and 0.01-0.05% of yttrium, the content of non-rare earth impurities is less than or equal to 1%, and the percentage is mass percent.
In the invention, considering the cost consideration in the actual production, the returning charge is added into the raw materials, and the adding amount of the returning charge in the raw materials does not exceed 47 percent of the total weight of the raw materials. Too much raw material directly affects the properties of the finished aluminum alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
in the invention, the molten aluminum liquid is treated by adding the composite refining alterant, so that the getter reaction caused by the conventional Al-Sr deterioration is avoided while the long-time deterioration effect is maintained, and the composite refiner provided by the invention can form a special-shaped core in a melt more efficiently, so that the solidification efficiency and the solidification quality of the aluminum alloy are improved, and the obtained A356 aluminum alloy has the technical characteristics of high toughness.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further clarified with the specific embodiments.
The smelting process of the high-strength high-toughness die-casting A356 aluminum alloy provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: charging
Firstly, loading small blocks, sheet waste and scrap returns, then loading aluminum ingots and large blocks, and finally loading intermediate alloy;
s2: melting by heating
After the charging materials are loaded, the temperature can be raised, the melting process is a process of changing from a solid state to a liquid state, and the quality of the process has decisive influence on the product quality.
When the furnace burden is softened and sunk, a layer of powdery solvent is scattered on the surface of the metal to be used as a covering agent for covering, so that the metal suction in the metal melting process is reduced.
In order to prevent the metal from overheating during melting, when the hearth temperature reaches 1200 ℃, the melt should be properly stirred to ensure that the temperature in each part of the molten pool is uniform and consistent, and the melting is accelerated.
S3: skimming and stirring
When the furnace burden is fully melted in the molten pool and the temperature of the melt reaches the melting temperature, a large amount of oxidation slag floating on the surface of the melt can be removed; in order to separate the oxidation slag from the metal and carry out the metal as little as possible, a powdery solvent is firstly uniformly scattered on the melt to separate the slag from the metal. The slag skimming is required to be stable, the slag is prevented from being involved in the melt, the slag skimming is thorough, the gas content of the melt is increased due to the existence of scum, and the metal is polluted.
After slagging off, the melt is stirred, the aim is to ensure that the alloy components are uniformly distributed and the temperature in the melt tends to be consistent, and if the stirring is not thorough, namely enough time is not ensured and dead angles are eliminated, the chemical components of the melt are not uniform easily; the stirring should be performed smoothly, and too large waves should not be excited to prevent the oxide film from being caught in the melt.
S4: composition adjustment
After the melt is fully stirred, sampling is required to confirm the component composition, and appropriate feeding or diluting is carried out.
S5: refining and modifying
After the melt components are confirmed to meet the requirements, the composite refining alterant provided by the invention is added into the melt to improve the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy finished product.
S6: and (3) infusing the metal melt into a standing furnace, and then transferring into a mould for casting and forming.
The technological parameters not mentioned in the above process are based on the casting process of aluminum alloy commonly used in the prior art.
The following examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-3 are the effects on the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy finished product when the composite refining alterant with different component contents is added.
The obtained aluminum alloy finished product was tested according to the following test method:
1. and (3) hardness testing:
the samples obtained in the examples were tested for Brinell hardness using an HB-3000C electronic Brinell hardness tester.
2. Tensile Property test
A microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine with the model of WDW-100 is adopted, and the specific testing process comprises the steps of firstly, accurately measuring the length, the width and the thickness of a sample by using a vernier caliper, then clamping the sample on the testing machine, starting the microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine and a matched computer, controlling the stretching speed to be 2mm/min, pressing a running button, pressing a stopping button after the sample is broken by tension, inputting the size data of the sample into the computer, and then automatically calculating the data to obtain the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation percentage.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the addition amount of Al-Ti-B is 0.2 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of Al-Ti-C is 0.2 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of Al-Sr is 0.016 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of Al-Zr is 0.012wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the mixed rare earth comprises 54 percent of cerium, 22 percent of lanthanum, 5 percent of praseodymium, 18 percent of neodymium and 0.03 percent of yttrium, the content of non-rare earth impurities is less than or equal to 1 percent, and the percentage is mass percent; the addition amount of the mixed rare earth is 0.02wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the addition amount of the Al-Zn intermediate alloy is 0.016 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of the Al-Ag intermediate alloy is 0.06 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the addition amount of the foundry returns is 45 percent of the total amount of the raw materials.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the addition amount of Al-Ti-B is 0.2 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of Al-Ti-C is 0.2 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of Al-Sr is 0.016 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of Al-Zr is 0.012wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the mixed rare earth comprises 52 percent of cerium, 26 percent of lanthanum, 5 percent of praseodymium, 16 percent of neodymium and 0.01 percent of yttrium, the content of non-rare earth impurities is less than or equal to 1 percent, and the percentage is mass percent; the addition amount of the mixed rare earth is 0.02wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the addition amount of the Al-Zn intermediate alloy is 0.016 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of the Al-Ag intermediate alloy is 0.06 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the addition amount of the foundry returns is 45 percent of the total amount of the raw materials.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the addition amount of Al-Ti-B is 0.2 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of Al-Ti-C is 0.2 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of Al-Sr is 0.016 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of Al-Zr is 0.012wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the mixed rare earth comprises 55% of cerium, 24% of lanthanum, 4% of praseodymium, 16% of neodymium and 0.05% of yttrium, the content of non-rare earth impurities is less than or equal to 1%, and the percentage is mass percentage; the addition amount of the mixed rare earth is 0.02wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the addition amount of the Al-Zn intermediate alloy is 0.016 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of the Al-Ag intermediate alloy is 0.06 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the addition amount of the foundry returns is 45 percent of the total amount of the raw materials.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the addition amount of Al-Ti-B is 0.1wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of Al-Ti-C is 0.1wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of Al-Sr is 0.012wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of Al-Zr is 0.01wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the mixed rare earth comprises 49 percent of cerium, 28 percent of lanthanum, 3 percent of praseodymium, 19 percent of neodymium and 0.01 percent of yttrium, the content of non-rare earth impurities is less than or equal to 1 percent, and the percentage content is mass percent; the addition amount of the mixed rare earth is 0.01wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the addition amount of the Al-Zn intermediate alloy is 0.012wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of the Al-Ag intermediate alloy is 0.04wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the addition amount of the foundry returns is 45 percent of the total amount of the raw materials.
Example 5
In this embodiment, the addition amount of Al-Ti-B is 0.3wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of Al-Ti-C is 0.3wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of Al-Sr is 0.02wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of Al-Zr is 0.015wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the mixed rare earth comprises 55% of cerium, 24% of lanthanum, 5% of praseodymium, 15% of neodymium and 0.05% of yttrium, the content of non-rare earth impurities is less than or equal to 1%, and the percentage is mass percentage; the addition amount of the mixed rare earth is 0.03wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the addition amount of the Al-Zn intermediate alloy is 0.02wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of the Al-Ag intermediate alloy is 0.09wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the addition amount of the foundry returns is 45 percent of the total amount of the raw materials.
Comparative example 1
The addition amount of the related raw materials in this example was the same as that in example 1, except that the addition amount of the returned material was 50% of the total amount of the raw materials, and the rest was unchanged.
Comparative example 2
In the embodiment, the composite refining alterant provided by the application is not adopted, specifically, the addition amount of Al-Ti-B is 0.2 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of Al-Sr is 0.016 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the mixed rare earth comprises 54 percent of cerium, 22 percent of lanthanum, 5 percent of praseodymium, 18 percent of neodymium and 0.03 percent of yttrium, the content of non-rare earth impurities is less than or equal to 1 percent, and the percentage is mass percent; the addition amount of the mixed rare earth is 0.02wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the addition amount of the foundry returns is 45 percent of the total amount of the raw materials.
Comparative example 3
In this embodiment, the mixed rare earth is not added, and the rest is not changed, specifically: in this embodiment, the addition amount of Al-Ti-B is 0.2 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of Al-Ti-C is 0.2 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of Al-Sr is 0.016 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of Al-Zr is 0.012wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the addition amount of the Al-Zn intermediate alloy is 0.016 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of the Al-Ag intermediate alloy is 0.06 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the addition amount of the foundry returns is 45 percent of the total amount of the raw materials.
The performance tests of the finished aluminum alloys obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1.
Table 1:
| brinell Hardness (HB) | Tensile strength (Mpa) | Yield strength | Elongation (%) | |
| Example 1 | 83.4 | 335.84 | 310.48 | 8.4 |
| Example 2 | 82.1 | 333.54 | 308.67 | 8.2 |
| Example 3 | 81.6 | 331.98 | 306.48 | 7.9 |
| Example 4 | 80.9 | 328.49 | 303.15 | 7.8 |
| Example 5 | 80.6 | 321.18 | 301.58 | 7.6 |
| Comparative example 1 | 73.9 | 278.48 | 269.48 | 12.2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 72.9 | 275.64 | 267.64 | 11.2 |
| Comparative example 3 | 75.7 | 272.48 | 265.15 | 10.9 |
By combining the test data, the composite refined alterant provided by the invention has better comprehensive performance even when the addition amount of the foundry returns is higher.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and inventive features of this invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (2)
1. A smelting process of high-strength and high-toughness die-cast A356 aluminum alloy comprises the steps of melting raw materials, deslagging and refining, and is characterized in that: mixing Al-Ti-B, Al-Ti-C, Al-Sr and Al-Zr with mixed rare earth, Al-Zn intermediate alloy and Al-Ag intermediate alloy as composite refining alterant to treat molten aluminum liquid;
the addition amount of the mixed rare earth is 0.01-0.03 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of the Al-Zn intermediate alloy is 0.012-0.02 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of the Al-Ag intermediate alloy is 0.04-0.09 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
the mixed rare earth comprises 45-55% of cerium, 20-28% of lanthanum, 3-8% of praseodymium, 15-25% of neodymium and 0.01-0.05% of yttrium, the content of non-rare earth impurities is less than or equal to 1%, and the percentage is mass percentage;
the addition amount of the Al-Ti-B is 0.1-0.3 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of the Al-Ti-C is 0.1-0.3 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, the addition amount of the Al-Sr is 0.012-0.02 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt, and the addition amount of the Al-Zr is 0.01-0.015 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt;
in the raw materials, the addition amount of the foundry returns does not exceed 47 percent of the total weight of the raw materials.
2. The smelting process of the high-strength high-toughness die-cast A356 aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the mixed rare earth comprises 52-55% of cerium, 21-24% of lanthanum, 4-6% of praseodymium, 16-20% of neodymium and 0.01-0.05% of yttrium, the content of non-rare earth impurities is less than or equal to 1%, and the percentage is mass percent.
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