CN104946940B - A kind of pack alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of pack alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of pack alloy and preparation method thereof, the composition of the pack alloy and the percentage by weight respectively formed are：The 1.5wt% of Si 5.0 8.0 wt%, Mg 0.5 3.0wt%, Ti 0.15 0.5wt%, Cu 0.2, Re 0.22 0.55wt%, Al surpluses.The pack alloy of the present invention has higher strength character, and has excellent plasticity and toughness, while also has excellent die casting performance and processing characteristics, disclosure satisfy that the fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile and IT are applied.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of aluminum alloys, more particularly to a kind of pack alloy and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
With the pillar industry such as the rapid development of economic construction of China, especially automobile, electronics, machinery in recent years there occurs
Qualitative leap, the lighting to product is ornamental to require increasingly strong, especially in automobile industry, with automotive light weight technology city
The development of field, it is desirable to which material has higher comprehensive mechanical property under as cast condition.Aluminium alloy is because it is in the original of these two aspects
Performance, is more taken seriously.And pack alloy be in view of it can realize the one-shot forming of labyrinth, in low cost, process
There is very big advantage in terms of simplification so that the application of pack alloy is extremely widespread.
The used pack alloy overwhelming majority is based on Al-Si alloys on market today, and this kind of alloy is because of crystallization
Temperature interval is small, Silicon In Alloys mutually have very big latent heat of solidification and larger specific heat capacity, the features such as linear shrinkage is also smaller, and it is cast
It is typically better than other aluminium alloys to make performance, its mold-filling capacity is preferable, and hot tearing, shrinkage porosite tendency are also smaller.But this kind of aluminium alloy is deposited
Intensity is relatively low, chip performance is not good enough, hole processing is difficult and the shortcomings of plasticity and poor toughness.
Chinese patent such as Publication No. CN1831172A discloses a kind of automotive hub high impact toughness aluminium silicon magnesium and closed
Golden new material, the mass percent of the alloy each component are：Silicon 6-11%, magnesium 0.2-0.6%, copper 0.02-0.%, titanium 0.05-
0.3%, strontium 0.02-0.05%, lanthanum 0.02-0.15%, cerium 0.01-0.1%, remaining is aluminium.Although the patent can improve aluminium alloy
Impact flexibility, but because other alloying element contents in its composition in addition to silicon are extremely low, it is difficult to play reinforcing and crystalline substance to alloy
Grain refining effect, therefore the intensity of its alloy is extremely low.
The content of the invention
The present invention is the technical problem for solving existing pack alloy poor impact toughness, there is provided a kind of impact flexibility is good
Pack alloy and preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a kind of pack alloy, the composition of the pack alloy and the percentage by weight respectively formed
For：
Si 5.0-8.0 wt %,
Mg 0.5-3.0wt%,
Ti 0.15-0.5wt%,
Cu 0.2-1.5wt%,
Re 0.22-0.55wt%
Al surpluses.
The pack alloy of the present invention has higher strength character, and has excellent plasticity and toughness, also simultaneously
With excellent die casting performance and processing characteristics, it disclosure satisfy that the fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile and IT are applied.
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of pack alloy, this method comprises the following steps：
S1, by among aluminium ingot, Al-Si intermediate alloy ingots, Al-Ti intermediate alloy ingots, Al-Cu intermediate alloy ingots and Al-Re
Alloy pig, which is added in crucible, obtains mixture, then heats fusing and obtains melt；
S2, magnesium ingot is added in melt and melted, obtain aluminium alloy；
S3, the aluminium alloy obtained in step S2 carried out to be cast into aluminium alloy ingots；
S4, aluminium alloy ingots is carried out to die casting formation pack alloy product；
Wherein, on the basis of the gross weight of pack alloy, the content of the Mg is 0.5-3.0wt%, and Si content is
5.0-8.0 wt %, Ti content are 0.15-0.5wt%, and Cu content is 0.2-1.5wt%, and Re content is 0.22-
0.55wt%, surplus are Al ingots.
The preparation method of the pack alloy of the present invention, in fusion process, Mg and Si addition can form Mg2Si strengthens
Phase, the phase Dispersed precipitate effectively enhance matrix and crystal boundary, so that alloy strength carries in the transgranular and grain boundaries of alloy
It is high.Meanwhile the metal element of titanium and rare earth element of addition, the intensity and plasticity of alloy with crystal grain thinning, can be not only improved, simultaneously
Alloy flowability can be improved, improve the die casting performance of pack alloy.By adding metallic element copper, formd with magnesium
Mg2Cu phases, disperse phase is tiny to be distributed in aluminum substrate, can be hindered the growth of recrystal grain, effective crystal grain thinning, be improved
Alloy plasticity and toughness.Metallic element copper is added, Ti is formd with titanium2Cu3Phase, grain boundaries are distributed, make crystalline substance during alloy tensile
Boundary's sliding is effectively suppressed, so as to lift alloy strength.
Embodiment
In order that technical problem solved by the invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with
Embodiment, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only explaining
The present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of pack alloy, the composition of the pack alloy and the percentage by weight respectively formed
For：
Si 5.0-8.0 wt %,
Mg 0.5-3.0wt%,
Ti 0.15-0.5wt%,
Cu 0.2-1.5wt%,
Re 0.22-0.55wt%
Al surpluses.
According to pack alloy provided by the present invention, it is preferable that the composition of the pack alloy and the weight respectively formed
Measuring percentage is：
Si 6.0-7.5 wt %,
Mg 1.0-2.5wt%,
Ti 0.2-0.4wt%,
Cu 0.4-0.8wt%,
Re 0.3-0.5wt%
Al surpluses.
According to pack alloy provided by the present invention, the Re has no particular limits, and can be commonly used in the art
Various rare earth elements, in order to further improve the performance of aluminium alloy, it is preferably that the Re is at least one in La, Ce, Sc and Y
Kind.
It is miscellaneous due to inevitably being carried in various raw materials and preparation process according to pack alloy provided by the present invention
Matter, so certain impurity can also be included in the pack alloy of the present invention（Fe, Cu etc.）, but in order to not influence or use up
Amount influences the performance of pack alloy, it is necessary to which the content of impurity is controlled less than 0.1% less.The content control of impurity is existed
Less than 0.1% method in various methods known to those skilled in the art, can such as control the content of impurity in raw material, together
When the equipment for the material for not interfering with pack alloy performance is used in preparation process.Such as make that Mg, Si, Ti, Cu and Re's is pure
Degree all reaches more than 99.7%, while graphite crucible smelting furnace etc. is used in preparation process.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of pack alloy, this method comprises the following steps：
S1, by among aluminium ingot, Al-Si intermediate alloy ingots, Al-Ti intermediate alloy ingots, Al-Cu intermediate alloy ingots and Al-Re
Alloy pig heats fusing in crucible and obtains melt；
S2, magnesium ingot is added in melt and melted, obtain aluminium alloy；
S3, the aluminium alloy obtained in step S2 refined, removes the gred, be cast into aluminium alloy ingots；
S4, aluminium alloy ingots is carried out to die casting formation pack alloy product；
Wherein, on the basis of the gross weight of pack alloy, the content of the Mg is 0.5-3.0wt%, and Si content is
5.0-8.0 wt %, Ti content are 0.15-0.5wt%, and Cu content is 0.2-1.5wt%, and Re content is 0.22-
0.55wt%, surplus are Al ingots.
According to the preparation method of pack alloy provided by the present invention, it is preferable that the content of the Mg is 1.0-
2.5wt%, Si content are that 6.0-7.5 wt %, Ti content are 0.2-0.4wt%, and Cu content is 0.4-0.8wt%, Re's
Content is 0.3-0.5wt%, and surplus is Al ingots.
According to the preparation method of pack alloy provided by the present invention, it is preferable that the Re is in La, Ce, Sc and Y
It is at least one.
According to the preparation method of pack alloy provided by the present invention, in step S1, when intermediate alloy is made with aluminium,
The mass content of silicon is that the content of titanium in 19.5%, Al-Ti intermediate alloy ingots is in 4.98%, Al-Cu in Al-Si intermediate alloy ingots
Between the mass content of alloy ingot copper be that the mass content of rhenium in 50.39%, Al-Re intermediate alloy ingots is 9.81%, surplus is aluminium.
According to the preparation method of pack alloy provided by the present invention, due to aluminium and aluminium alloy in melting easily air-breathing
And oxidation, therefore the formation of oxide inclusion in aluminium liquid is reduced, improve casting property, it is preferable that in the inwall and step S1 of crucible
The surface of mixture all coat coverture.The coverture can use existing for coverture prepared by aluminium alloy such as covering
Agent SY-LF1.The amount of the coverture does not limit, as long as the surface of crucible internal walls and mixture can be covered.
According to the preparation method of pack alloy provided by the present invention, in order to improve the purity of aluminium alloy, while will close
Remaining gas discharge in gold, it is preferable that methods described, which is additionally included in the aluminium alloy obtained in the forward direction step S2 of die casting, to be added
Enter refining agent to be refined.The method of the refining is that refining agent will be pressed at 700-720 DEG C the liquid level of aluminium alloy in batches
Under, rotation makes refining agent fully react；The refining agent is carbon trichloride.Comprise the concrete steps that：With bell jar by refining agent hexachloroethanc
Alkane is pressed at about 2/3 under liquation face in batches, is uniformly slowly rotated clockwise, is treated that carbon trichloride fully reacts, by liquation
It is mingled with, gas is taken out of.The speed for adding refining agent agitation will slowly, if the frequency of agitation is excessive, carbon trichloride is in aluminium liquid
Reaction is fierce, and liquation ceaselessly rolls, and the magnesium in liquation largely contacts with oxygen, produces burning, can which adds scaling loss amount
The drastically reduction of magnesium amount can be caused.The dosage of carbon trichloride is relevant with alloying component and former ingot quality, also relevant with Mg contents,
General dosage is the 0.5wt%-0.7wt% of alloy liquid quality.Melted in resistance furnace, refining time is within 10min.Work as use
After carbon trichloride fully refines, bell jar is taken out, cleans out the oxide of residual, the field trash of molten surface is dragged for slag hitting spoon
Go out.
According to the preparation method of pack alloy provided by the present invention, for crystal grain thinning and improve tissue, improve material
Expect performance, it is preferable that before refining, alterant is added into aluminium alloy.The alterant can use the existing aluminium that is used for close
Alterant prepared by gold, such as alterant K2ZrF6.The content of the alterant is 0.8wt%-1.5wt%.
According to the preparation method of pack alloy provided by the present invention, it is preferable that methods described is additionally included in step S1
Before, the crucible is then preheating to 200-250 DEG C.First crucible is preheated, the fusing of Al ingots can be made faster, while more
Save the energy.
According to the preparation method of pack alloy provided by the present invention, before step S2, melt is heated
To 720-750 DEG C.
According to the preparation method of pack alloy provided by the present invention, the fusing time described in the step S2 is 2-
3h, temperature are 750-770 DEG C.The method that magnesium ingot is added in melt is that magnesium ingot is pressed into melt lower section, such magnesium
Ingot fully can melt and not burning.
According to the preparation method of pack alloy provided by the present invention, it is preferable that the temperature of the casting is 720-750
℃。
According to the preparation method of pack alloy provided by the present invention, the condition of the die casting has no particular limits,
It can be condition commonly used in the art.In the present invention, using evacuated die-casting process, the temperature of the die casting is 680-750 DEG C, mould temperature
Spend for 200-300 DEG C, barrel temperature is 100-150 DEG C.
According to the preparation method of pack alloy provided by the present invention, in order to further improve the intensity of aluminium alloy, institute
State the step of method also includes pack alloy product being heat-treated.The temperature of the heat treatment is 120-190 DEG C, at heat
The reason time is 4-12H.It is deformed when being heat-treated the intensity for not only increasing aluminium alloy, while also avoiding aluminum alloy heat from handling,
So as to enable aluminum alloy to meet the application of auto manufacturing, while it can also meet the manufacturing extensive uses of IT.
According to the preparation method of pack alloy provided by the present invention, before step S1, place is dried in raw material
Reason, wherein, Al, Mg are dried at a temperature of 100 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, and Al-Si intermediate alloy ingots, Al-Ti intermediate alloy ingots, Al-Cu
Intermediate alloy ingot and Al-Re intermediate alloy ingots are dried at a temperature of 150 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, and the effect of drying is to remove in raw material
Moisture.
The pack alloy of the present invention, not only has higher strength character, and has excellent plasticity and toughness, together
When also there is excellent die casting performance and processing characteristics, disclosure satisfy that the fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile and IT apply.
The present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Pack alloy is prepared, is comprised the steps：
1st, dry：Processing is dried in ready raw material, wherein, Al, Mg are dried at a temperature of 100 DEG C, and Al-Si
Intermediate alloy ingot, Al-Ti intermediate alloy ingots, Al-Cu intermediate alloy ingots and Al-La intermediate alloys are dried at a temperature of 150 DEG C；
2nd, molten alloy：Crucible internal walls are applied first and are covered with ready coverture SY-LF1, are then preheated to 250
DEG C, among load weighted aluminium ingot, Al-Si intermediate alloy ingots, Al-Ti intermediate alloy ingots, Al-Cu intermediate alloy ingots and Al-La
Alloy pig be put into crucible and add coverture heating fusing, treat aluminium ingot, Al-Si intermediate alloy ingots, Al-Ti intermediate alloy ingots,
After Al-Cu intermediate alloy ingots and Al-La intermediate alloys all melt, 10min is incubated, when temperature of aluminum liquid reaches 750 DEG C, is added
Pure magnesium ingot, magnesium ingot is pressed into below molten metal when adding pure magnesium ingot, it is fully melted and not burning.Continue to heat, treat alloy
Fully after fusing, stir, the time control of whole fusion process is in 3H, and the final temperature control of molten aluminium alloy exists
770℃；
3rd, refine：Alterant K is added into aluminium alloy2ZrF6, after stirring at 720 DEG C with bell jar by refining agent six
Chloroethanes is pressed at about 2/3 under liquation face in batches, is uniformly slowly rotated clockwise, is treated that carbon trichloride fully reacts, by liquation
In be mingled with, gas is taken out of.The content of carbon trichloride is the 0.7wt% of alloy liquid quality.Melted in resistance furnace, refining time
In 10min.After fully being refined using carbon trichloride, bell jar is taken out, cleans out the oxide of residual, by the folder of molten surface
Debris is pulled out with slag hitting spoon；
4th, cast：The aluminium alloy insulation 10min that step S3 is obtained should immediately be poured into a mould, pour into alloy for die casting
Ingot.Pouring temperature is 750 DEG C.
5th, die casting：Die casting machine die casting experiment is carried out using the alloy pig cast, extrusion process is：Cast temperature：700
℃；Mold temperature：250℃；Barrel temperature：1200℃.Obtain aluminum alloy sample A1；
6th, it is heat-treated：The good product of die casting is subjected to Low Temperature Heat Treatment experiment, specific Technology for Heating Processing is：Heat treatment temperature
Degree：150 DEG C, heat treatment time：10H.Aluminium alloy exemplar AA1 is made
Wherein, each alloying element weight percent contents of AA1 are as follows：Wherein Si:7.0%、Mg：1.0%、Ti：0.2%、Cu:
0.5%、La:0.22%, surplus Al.
Embodiment 2
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares aluminium alloy exemplar A2 and AA2, and difference is, La addition is 0.3wt%.
Embodiment 3
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares aluminium alloy exemplar A3 and AA3, and difference is, La addition is 0.4wt%.
Embodiment 4
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares aluminium alloy exemplar A4 and AA4, and difference is, Cu addition is 0.3wt%.
Embodiment 5
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares aluminium alloy exemplar A5 and AA5, and difference is, Cu addition is 0.8wt%.
Embodiment 6
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares aluminium alloy exemplar A6 and AA6, and difference is, wherein Si:6.0%、Mg：1.6%、
Ti：0.4%、Cu:0.2%、Ce:0.3%, surplus Al.
Embodiment 7
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares aluminium alloy exemplar A7 and AA7, and difference is, wherein Si:7.5%、Mg：3.0%、
Ti：0.5%、Cu:0.4%、Sc:0.4%, surplus Al.
Embodiment 8
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares aluminium alloy exemplar A8 and AA8, and difference is, wherein Si:5.0%、Mg：0.5%、
Ti：0.15%、Cu:1.5%、Y:0.55%, surplus Al.
Embodiment 9
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares aluminium alloy exemplar A9 and AA9, and difference is, wherein Si:8.0%、Mg：2.5%、
Ti：0.3%、Cu:1.0%、Ce:0.5%, surplus Al.
Comparative example 1
Using conventional pack alloy ADC12 alloys, using preparation method identical with embodiment 1, aluminium alloy is made
ADC12 exemplars B1.The composition of alloy is Si:12.0%、Mg：<0.3%、Cu:3.5%.
Comparative example 2
Aluminium alloy B2, wherein silicon 8%, magnesium 0.35%, copper 0.15%, titanium are prepared using the method in CN1831172A embodiments 1
0.15%, strontium 0.025%, lanthanum 0.08%, cerium 0.07%, remaining is aluminium.
Performance test：
Strength character is tested
By the embodiment 1-9 pack alloy sample A1-A9 prepared and heat treatment after aluminum alloy sample AA1-AA9 and
Pack alloy exemplar B1-B2 difference strength character tests prepared by comparative example 1-2（Yield strength, tensile strength, extension of having no progeny
Rate and impact flexibility）.It the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
。
According in table 1 it can be found that with the addition of in the pack alloy Al-Si alloys metallic element magnesium, titanium, copper with it is dilute
Soil, the room-temperature mechanical property of alloy have all been lifted, and after Overheating Treatment, the intensity of alloy is further lifted.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (14)
1. a kind of preparation method of pack alloy, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps：
S1, by aluminium ingot, Al-Si intermediate alloy ingots, Al-Ti intermediate alloy ingots, Al-Cu intermediate alloy ingots and Al-Re intermediate alloys
Ingot, which is added in crucible, obtains mixture, then heats fusing and obtains melt；
S2, magnesium ingot is added in melt and melted, obtain aluminium alloy；
S3, the aluminium alloy obtained in step S2 carried out to be cast into aluminium alloy ingots；
S4, aluminium alloy ingots is carried out to die casting formation pack alloy product；
Wherein, on the basis of the gross weight of pack alloy, the content of the Mg is 1.0-2.5wt%, and Si content is 6.0-
7.5wt%, Ti content are 0.2-0.4wt%, and Cu content is 0.4-0.8wt%, and Re content is 0.3-0.5wt%, remaining
Measure as Al ingots.
2. the preparation method of pack alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Re is La, Ce, Sc and Y
At least one of.
3. the preparation method of pack alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the inwall and step S1 of crucible
The surface of mixture all coat coverture.
4. the preparation method of pack alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be additionally included in the forward direction step of die casting
Refining agent is added in the aluminium alloy obtained in rapid S2 to be refined.
5. the preparation method of pack alloy according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the method for the refining be
Refining agent is pressed under the liquid level of aluminium alloy in batches at 700-720 DEG C, rotation makes refining agent fully react；The refining agent is six
Chloroethanes, the content of the refining agent are the 0.5wt%-0.7wt% of aluminium alloy gross weight.
6. the preparation method of pack alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that before refining, to aluminium alloy
Middle addition alterant.
7. the preparation method of pack alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that methods described is additionally included in step
Before S1, the crucible is preheating to 200-250 DEG C.
8. the preparation method of pack alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that before step S2, to fusing
Liquid carries out being heated to 720-750 DEG C.
9. the preparation method of pack alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the fusing described in the step S2
Time is 2-3h, and temperature is 750-770 DEG C.
10. the preparation method of pack alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the temperature of the casting is
720-750℃。
11. the preparation method of pack alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the temperature of the die casting is
680-750 DEG C, mold temperature is 200-300 DEG C, and barrel temperature is 100-150 DEG C.
12. the preparation method of the pack alloy according to claim 1-11 any one, it is characterised in that methods described
The step of also including pack alloy product being heat-treated.
13. the preparation method of pack alloy according to claim 12, it is characterised in that the temperature of the heat treatment is
120-190 DEG C, heat treatment time 4-12h.
14. the die casting aluminium being prepared as the preparation method of the pack alloy described in any one in claim 1-13 closes
Gold.
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| CN109112368A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-01 | 辽宁工业大学 | One kind casting hypoeutectic Al-Mg containing Sc2Si alloy and its production method |
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| CN102873301B (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2015-08-12 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | ZL424 aluminium alloy castings counter-pressure casting technique |
| CN102899539B (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2015-03-18 | 南京宁铁有色合金科技开发有限公司 | High-plasticity aluminum-silicon alloy for die casting and preparation method thereof |
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