CN108370737B - Scion regeneration cultivation method suitable for grafting solanaceous vegetables - Google Patents
Scion regeneration cultivation method suitable for grafting solanaceous vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
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- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
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- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a scion regeneration cultivation method suitable for grafting solanaceous vegetables, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting and cultivating scions; (2) selecting and cultivating rootstocks; (3) grafting for the first time; (4) carrying out first regeneration cultivation on the scion seedlings; (5) grafting for the second time; the grafted scion seedling is regenerated and grafted again, so that the utilization rate of the scion seed is improved, and the survival rate of each grafting and the quality and yield of vegetables are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, in particular to a scion regeneration cultivation method suitable for grafting solanaceous vegetables.
Background
In recent years, the planting area and the demand of vegetable production in China are increased year by year, and the requirements of consumers on the yield and the quality of vegetables are continuously improved. Solanaceous vegetables such as tomatoes, eggplants, peppers and the like are main vegetable products at present, but due to the fact that a continuous cropping mode is adopted in planting for many years, the problems of soil fertility reduction, aggravation of soil infectious diseases and insect pests and the like are caused after continuous cropping for many years in vegetable planting plots, and the quality and the yield of the vegetables are further influenced. The method has the advantages that the disease-resistant rootstocks are adopted for grafting cultivation of solanaceous vegetables, so that soil-borne diseases can be effectively prevented, the usage amount and residual quantity of pesticides are reduced, the economic benefit is improved, and the method becomes a common seedling raising technology in solanaceous vegetable production.
At present, the seed price of solanaceous vegetables is higher, and the seed price is more expensive especially for disease-resistant and high-yield imported high-quality varieties. In the existing solanaceous fruit grafting technology, the scion seedlings are directly discarded after grafting cultivation, and the scion seedlings need to be cultivated again when the next crop is planted, so that the seed cost is high, and the seedling period is long. In the production, if the grafted scion seedling can be subjected to regeneration cultivation and is repeatedly applied to grafting, and the quality of the grafted seedling can be ensured, the seed cost for grafting and seedling cultivation can be greatly reduced, but at present, the research on the regeneration cultivation of the grafted scion is less. Therefore, a scion regeneration cultivation grafting method which not only reduces the scion seed consumption but also ensures the grafting quality is urgently needed in the production.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the scion regeneration cultivation method suitable for grafting solanaceous vegetables, the grafted scion seedlings are regenerated and grafted again, so that the utilization rate of scion seeds is improved, and the survival rate of each grafting and the quality and yield of the vegetables are ensured.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention to realize the purpose is as follows:
a scion regeneration cultivation method suitable for grafting solanaceous vegetables is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selection and cultivation of scions
Selecting high-yield disease-resistant high-quality tomato, eggplant and pepper seeds, and performing plug seedling to obtain scion seedlings suitable for grafting;
(2) selection and cultivation of rootstocks
Selecting tomato, eggplant and pepper seeds with strong stress resistance, and obtaining stock seedlings suitable for grafting after plug seedling; the stocks are sowed in batches, and after the stocks are sowed for the first grafting, the stocks are sowed and grown again at intervals of each scion regeneration time to be used as stocks seedlings for subsequent grafting;
(3) first graft
Grafting the main stem of the scion on the stock by using a method suitable for grafting solanaceous vegetables such as a sleeve method or a cleft grafting method, and performing conventional management on the grafted seedling.
(4) First regeneration cultivation of scion seedlings
Keeping the scion seedlings of which the upper half parts are cut off after the first grafting, and planting the scion seedlings in a plug tray for lateral branch regeneration cultivation; 2-3 regenerated lateral branches with 2-3 true leaves are cut from each scion seedling as the scion for the second grafting according to the growth condition of the lateral branches of the scion seedlings after the scion seedlings are cultivated for 14-21 days;
(5) second grafting
Grafting the regenerated scion obtained in the step (4) onto a stock sowed for the second time by adopting a grafting method suitable for grafting solanaceous vegetables such as a sleeve method, a cleft grafting method and a grafting method, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method; the regenerated scions with the upper parts cut off after the second grafting can be discarded or subjected to the second regeneration cultivation and the third grafting.
Preferably, the first regeneration incubation in step (4) comprises the following steps:
1) the regeneration and cultivation temperature of the tomato scion seedling is 25-28 ℃, the air humidity is 90-95%, and the illumination intensity is 140--2·s-1(ii) a The regeneration and cultivation temperature of the eggplant or pepper scion seedling is 28-30 ℃, the air humidity is 95-100%, and the illumination intensity is 110--2·s-1Cultivating for 7 days; the soil humidity is kept at 70-80% in the cultivation process;
2) giving day and night temperature difference after 7 days, wherein the day temperature is 25-28 ℃, the night temperature is 15-18 ℃, the air humidity is 80-90 percent, and the illumination intensity is 300--2·s-1And continuously culturing for 7-14 days.
The method is characterized in that the proper regeneration environment of the scion seedlings is set for tomatoes, eggplants and hot peppers respectively, differential management of temperature, humidity and illumination intensity is carried out on the early stage and the later stage of regeneration, the scion seedlings are guaranteed to be regenerated quickly, and the regenerated lateral branches meet the quantity and quality requirements of grafting.
Further, in the step 2), the regenerated scion seedlings are irrigated by using a No. 1 regenerated cultivation nutrient every 4 days before 1 day and 1 day before grafting, and the irrigation amount is 20-25 mL/plant; the No. 1 regenerative cultivation nutrient formula is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 3.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 200mg/L of calcium nitrate, 150mg/L of potassium nitrate, 50mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
Irrigation of No. 1 regeneration cultivation nutrient is beneficial to improving regeneration survival rate, and promotes growth of regeneration lateral branches, so that grafting survival rate is improved.
Preferably, the second regeneration cultivation method of the scion seedlings in the step (5) is as follows:
keeping the scion seedlings of which the upper half parts are cut off after the second grafting, and planting the scion seedlings in a plug tray for lateral branch regeneration cultivation; and 2-3 regenerated lateral branches with 2-3 true leaves are cut on each scion seedling as the scion for the third grafting according to the growth condition of the lateral branches of the scion seedlings after 21-24 days of cultivation.
Preferably, the second regeneration cultivation in the step (5) comprises the following steps:
1) the regeneration and cultivation temperature of tomato scion seedling is 23-26 deg.C, air humidity is 90-95%, and illumination intensity is 90-100 μmol.m-2·s-1(ii) a The regeneration and cultivation temperature of the eggplant or pepper scion seedling is 27-29 ℃, the air humidity is 90-100%, and the illumination intensity is 120--2·s-1Cultivating for 7 days; the soil humidity is kept between 60 and 75 percent in the cultivation process;
2) giving day and night temperature difference after 7 days, wherein the day temperature is 25-28 ℃, the night temperature is 18-20 ℃, the air humidity is 80-90 percent, and the illumination intensity is 300 mu mol.m-2·s-1And continuously culturing for 14-17 days.
The regeneration capacity of the scion seedlings is weakened after the first regeneration cultivation, so that the regeneration survival rate is ensured by adjusting the regeneration cultivation conditions.
Further, in the step 2): spraying 5mg/LBR once a day in the first 2 days, wherein the spraying amount is 2-3 mL/plant; irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using a No. 2 regeneration culture nutrient every 3 days before 1 day and 1 day before grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 20-25 mL/plant; the No. 2 regenerative cultivation nutrient formula is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 5.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 300mg/L of calcium nitrate, 200mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
The application of BR and No. 2 regeneration culture nutrients is beneficial to improving the regeneration survival rate and promoting the growth of regenerated lateral branches so as to improve the grafting survival rate.
Preferably, the scion regenerated and cultivated for the second time is grafted to the stock sowed for the third time for grafting for the third time, and the grafted seedling is managed according to a conventional method; and (4) discarding the scion seedlings with the upper half parts cut off after the third grafting, wherein the total scion regeneration times are the same as the re-seeding times of the stocks.
Preferably, the number of the first seeding of the rootstocks in the step (2) corresponds to the number of the seeding of the scions in the step (1), and the number of the second seeding of the rootstocks in the step (2) is 2-3 times of the number of the seeding of the scions in the step (1).
Compared with the existing grafting method, the method for grafting solanaceous vegetables by the scion regeneration cultivation method has the advantages of saving the scion seed cost, shortening the grafting and seedling raising time, not influencing the grafting survival rate and yield and the like, and is suitable for being applied to solanaceous production.
The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows:
① saving the cost of using seed for grafting again during regeneration of scion;
② the seedling raising time of the grafting scion for re-grafting is shortened by 10-20 days, the seedling raising procedure is simple, and the management cost is lower during the regeneration period of the scion;
③ the grafting scion seedling for grafting solanaceous vegetables can be regenerated for 1-2 times, and each scion seedling can germinate 2-3 strong lateral branches after regeneration, the regeneration survival rate is high, the grafting survival rate is also high, and the method is suitable for intensive grafting seedling production;
④ the seedlings after regeneration and cultivation of the scions are grafted, which does not affect the yield of vegetables and is widely applicable to the production of solanaceous vegetables in facilities and open fields.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
(1) Selection and cultivation of scions
Selecting 2000 'Mingzhi 88' tomato seeds, blanching, soaking for 5h, and accelerating germination in a constant temperature box at 27 ℃.After sprouting, the sprout is sowed in a 72-hole plug tray filled with a 1:1 mixed turf and vermiculite seedling culture medium, the temperature is 23-25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is 18-20 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90 percent, and the illumination intensity is 250--2·s-1The cultivation is performed under the environment of (1). After 35-40 days of cultivation, when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and one heart, the first grafting can be carried out when the seedlings reach the strong seedling standard.
(2) Selection and cultivation of rootstocks
Selecting 2000 'TMS 150' tomato stock seeds, blanching and soaking for 5h, and accelerating germination in a constant temperature box at 27 ℃. After sprouting, sowing the sprouts in 50-hole or 72-hole plug trays filled with 1:1 mixed turf and vermiculite seedling culture medium at 23-25 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and illumination intensity of 250--2·s-1The cultivation is performed under the environment of (1). After 35-40 days of cultivation, when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and one heart, the first grafting can be carried out when the seedlings reach the strong seedling standard.
5000 pieces of 'TMS 150' tomato stock seeds are selected 18 days after the first stock is sowed, and the method is adopted for seedling culture to serve as a second grafting stock. And (3) selecting 4000 'TMS 150' tomato stock seeds 22 days after the second stock is sowed, and adopting the method for seedling culture to serve as a third grafting stock. 3000 tomato stock seeds 'TMS 150' with strong stress resistance are selected 22 days after the third stock is sowed, and the method is adopted for seedling culture to serve as a fourth grafting stock.
(3) First graft
Grafting the main stem of the scion to the stock by using a sleeve method, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method;
(4) regeneration cultivation of scion seedlings
Keeping the scion seedling with the upper half cut off after the first grafting, placing the planting plug in a 25-28 ℃, wherein the air humidity is 90-95%, and the illumination intensity is 140--2·s-1Carrying out collateral regeneration cultivation in the environment; the soil humidity is kept at 70-80% in the cultivation process, the scion seedlings are given 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90% and the illumination intensity is 300--2·s-1The cultivation condition of (1) is that 2-3 regenerated lateral branches with 2-3 true leaves are cut from each scion seedling after 11 days of cultivation to be used as scions for the second grafting, and the second grafting is carried out.
Meanwhile, the number 1 regeneration culture nutrient is respectively used for irrigating regeneration scion seedlings 11, 6 and 1 day before grafting, and the irrigation amount is 25 mL/plant. The formula of No. 1 regenerative cultivation nutrient is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 3.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 200mg/L of calcium nitrate, 150mg/L of potassium nitrate, 50mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
(5) Second grafting
Grafting the regenerated scion obtained in the step (4) onto a stock sowed for the second time by adopting a sleeve method, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method; and continuously keeping the scion seedlings of which the upper half parts are cut off after the second grafting, and carrying out second regeneration cultivation.
(6) Second regeneration cultivation of scion
The temperature for regeneration and cultivation is 23-26 deg.C, air humidity is 90-95%, and illumination intensity is 90-100 μmol · m-2·s-1. The soil humidity is kept at 60-75% in the cultivation process, the scion seedlings are given 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90% after 7 days, and the illumination intensity is 250--2·s-1The third grafting is carried out 15 days after the cultivation. 5mg/L BR is sprayed once a day 2 days before the cultivation period, and the spraying amount is 3mL per plant. And irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 2 regeneration culture nutrient on days 13, 9, 5 and 1 before the third grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 25mL per plant. The formula of No. 2 nutrient solution is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 5.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 300mg/L of calcium nitrate, 200mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
(7) Third time of grafting
The regenerated scion is continuously grafted for the third time; and (4) continuously keeping the scion seedlings of which the upper half parts are cut off after the third grafting, and carrying out third regeneration cultivation under the same cultivation conditions and steps as the step (6). The regenerated scion is continuously grafted for the fourth time; and (4) discarding the scion seedlings after the fourth grafting.
The time control in the steps corresponds to the cultivation time after each batch of stocks are sown, and the stocks and the scions are in the most suitable state during grafting.
Counting the number of grafted plants, the number of grafted survival and the grafting survival rate of each batch; counting the survival rate, the lateral branch length and the lateral branch number of the regenerated scions 1 day before grafting; and (4) counting the total yield and the average yield of each single plant after 3 months of planting, wherein 1000 plants are counted per treatment. In addition, the non-grafted 88 'Mingzhi seedling and the non-regenerated 88' Mingzhi scion were grafted conventionally as experimental control, and the experimental results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Example 2
(1) Selection and cultivation of scions
Selecting 2000 'Liangjian (37-79)' pepper seeds, scalding and soaking for 5h, and accelerating germination in a constant temperature box at 28 ℃. After sprouting, the sprout is sowed in a 72-hole plug tray filled with a 1:1 mixed turf and vermiculite seedling culture medium, the temperature is 23-25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is 18-20 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90 percent, and the illumination intensity is 250--2·s-1The cultivation is performed under the environment of (1). After culturing for 45-60 days, when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and one heart, the first grafting can be carried out when the seedlings reach the strong seedling standard.
(2) Selection and cultivation of rootstocks
Selecting 2000 pieces of 'Kate 188' stock seeds with strong stress resistance, blanching, soaking for 5h, and accelerating germination in a constant temperature box at 27 ℃. After sprouting, sowing the sprouts in 50-hole or 72-hole plug trays filled with 1:1 mixed turf and vermiculite seedling culture medium at 23-25 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and illumination intensity of 250--2·s-1The cultivation is performed under the environment of (1). After 35-40 days of cultivation, when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and one heart, the standard of strong seedlings can be reachedGrafting for one time.
After 20 days of the first-time stock seeding, 5000 pieces of 'Kate 188' stock seeds with strong stress resistance are selected, and the method is adopted for seedling culture to serve as second-time grafting stocks. And 4000 pieces of 'Kate 188' stock seeds with strong stress resistance are selected 24 days after the second stock is sowed, and the seedling is raised by adopting the method to serve as third grafting stock. And after the third-time stock is sowed for 24 days, 3000 pieces of 'Kate 188' stock seeds with strong stress resistance are selected, and the seedlings are raised by adopting the method to serve as fourth-time grafting stocks.
(3) First graft
Grafting the main stem of the scion to the stock by using a sleeve method, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method;
(4) regeneration cultivation of scion seedlings
Keeping the scion seedling with the upper half cut off after the first grafting, placing the planting plug in a 28-30 ℃, wherein the air humidity is 95-100%, and the illumination intensity is 110--2·s-1Carrying out collateral regeneration cultivation in the environment; the soil humidity is kept at 70-80% in the cultivation process, the scion seedlings are given 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90% and the illumination intensity is 300--2·s-1The cultivation condition of (1) is that 2-3 regenerated lateral branches with 2-3 true leaves are cut from each scion seedling after 13 days of cultivation to serve as scions for the second grafting.
And irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 1 regeneration culture nutrient respectively 11 days, 6 days and 1 day before grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 20mL per plant. The formula of No. 1 regenerative cultivation nutrient is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 3.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 200mg/L of calcium nitrate, 150mg/L of potassium nitrate, 50mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
(5) Second grafting
Grafting the regenerated scion obtained in the step (4) onto a stock sowed for the second time by adopting a sleeve method, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method; and continuously keeping the scion seedlings of which the upper half parts are cut off after the second grafting, and carrying out second regeneration cultivation.
(6) Second regeneration cultivation of scion
The temperature of regeneration and cultivation is 27-29 ℃, the air humidity is 90-100%, and the illumination intensity is 120--2·s-1. The soil humidity is kept at 60-75% in the cultivation process, the scion seedlings are given 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90% after 7 days, and the illumination intensity is 250--2·s-1The third grafting is carried out 17 days after the cultivation. The fertilizer is sprayed with 5mg/LBR once a day 2 days before the cultivation period, and the spraying amount is 3 mL/plant. And irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 2 regeneration culture nutrient on days 13, 9, 5 and 1 before the third grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 25mL per plant. The formula of No. 2 nutrient solution is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 5.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 300mg/L of calcium nitrate, 200mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
(7) Third time of grafting
The regenerated scion is continuously grafted for the third time; and (4) continuously keeping the scion seedlings of which the upper half parts are cut off after the third grafting, and carrying out third regeneration cultivation under the same cultivation conditions and steps as the step (6). The regenerated scion is continuously grafted for the fourth time; and (4) discarding the scion seedlings after the fourth grafting.
The time control in the steps corresponds to the cultivation time after each batch of stocks are sown, and the stocks and the scions are in the most suitable state during grafting.
Counting the number of grafted plants, the number of grafted survival and the grafting survival rate of each batch; counting the survival rate, the lateral branch length and the lateral branch number of the regenerated scions 1 day before grafting; counting the total yield of each treatment and the average yield of each single plant 3 months after field planting, and counting 1000 plants per treatment; in addition, conventional grafting was performed with non-grafted ` Liangjian (37-79) ` seedlings and non-regenerated ` Liangjian (37-79) ` scions as experimental controls, and the experimental results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Example 3
(1) Selection and cultivation of scions
Selecting 2000 'ultra-bright early eggplant king 817' eggplant seeds, blanching and soaking for 5h, and then accelerating germination in a constant temperature box at 28 ℃. After sprouting, the sprout is sowed in a 72-hole plug tray filled with a 1:1 mixed turf and vermiculite seedling culture medium, the temperature is 23-25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is 18-20 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90 percent, and the illumination intensity is 250--2·s-1The cultivation is performed under the environment of (1). After 25-30 days of cultivation, when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and one heart, the first grafting can be carried out when the seedlings reach the strong seedling standard.
(2) Selection and cultivation of rootstocks
2000 eggplant rootstock seeds with strong stress resistance 'Tuolubamu' are selected, soaked in 100mg/L gibberellin for 12 hours, then soaked in clear water for 12 hours, and subjected to germination acceleration in a constant temperature box at 27 ℃. After sprouting, sowing the sprouts in 50-hole or 72-hole plug trays filled with 1:1 mixed turf and vermiculite seedling culture medium at 23-25 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and illumination intensity of 250--2·s-1The cultivation is performed under the environment of (1). After culturing for 45-60 days, when the seedlings grow to 5 leaves and one heart, the first grafting can be carried out when the seedlings reach the strong seedling standard.
5000 eggplant stock seeds 'Tuolubamu' are selected 20 days after the first stock is sowed, and the method is adopted for seedling culture to serve as a second grafting stock. And 4000 eggplant stock seeds 'Tuolubamu' are selected 24 days after the second stock is sowed, and the seedling is grown by adopting the method to serve as the third grafting stock.
(3) First graft
Grafting the main stem of the scion to the stock by using a sleeve method, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method;
(4) regeneration cultivation of scion seedlings
Keeping the scion seedling with the upper half cut off after the first grafting, placing the planting plug in a 28-30 ℃, wherein the air humidity is 95-100%, and the illumination intensity is 110--2·s-1Carrying out collateral regeneration cultivation in the environment; the soil humidity is kept at 70-80% in the cultivation process, and the scion seedlings are given at 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ at night and 80% in the air humidity after 7 days-90%, illumination intensity 300--2·s-1The cultivation condition of (1), cultivation for 13 days. And irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 1 regeneration culture nutrient respectively 11 days, 6 days and 1 day before the second grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 20mL per plant. The formula of No. 1 regenerative cultivation nutrient is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 3.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 200mg/L of calcium nitrate, 150mg/L of potassium nitrate, 50mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate. 2-3 regenerated lateral branches with 2-3 true leaves are cut from each scion seedling to serve as scions for the second grafting.
(5) Second grafting
Grafting the regenerated scion obtained in the step (4) onto a stock sowed for the second time by adopting a sleeve method, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method; and continuously keeping the scion seedlings of which the upper half parts are cut off after the second grafting, and carrying out second regeneration cultivation.
(6) Second regeneration cultivation of scion
The temperature of regeneration and cultivation is 27-29 ℃, the air humidity is 90-100%, and the illumination intensity is 120--2·s-1. The soil humidity is kept at 60-75% in the cultivation process, the scion seedlings are given 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90% after 7 days, and the illumination intensity is 250--2·s-1The third grafting is carried out 17 days after the cultivation. 5mg/L BR is sprayed once a day 2 days before the cultivation period, and the spraying amount is 3mL per plant. And irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 2 regeneration culture nutrient on days 13, 9, 5 and 1 before the third grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 25mL per plant. The formula of the No. 2 nutrient solution is as follows:
5.0mmol/L of glycine, 5.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 300mg/L of calcium nitrate, 200mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
(7) Third time of grafting
And continuously grafting the regenerated scion for the third time, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method.
The time control in the steps corresponds to the cultivation time after each batch of stocks are sown, and the stocks and the scions are in the most suitable state during grafting.
Counting the number of grafted plants, the number of grafted survival and the grafting survival rate of each batch; counting the survival rate, the lateral branch length and the lateral branch number of the regenerated scions 1 day before grafting; counting the total yield of each treatment and the average yield of each single plant 3 months after field planting, and counting 1000 plants per treatment; in addition, conventional grafting of non-grafted 'superbright early eggplant 817' seedlings and non-grafted 'superbright early eggplant 817' scions was used as experimental control, and the experimental results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
Example 4
(1) Selection and cultivation of scions
Selecting 2000 'ultra-bright early eggplant king 817' eggplant seeds, blanching and soaking for 5h, and then accelerating germination in a constant temperature box at 28 ℃. After sprouting, the sprout is sowed in a 72-hole plug tray filled with a 1:1 mixed turf and vermiculite seedling culture medium, the temperature is 23-25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is 18-20 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90 percent, and the illumination intensity is 250--2·s-1The cultivation is performed under the environment of (1). After 25-30 days of cultivation, when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and one heart, the first grafting can be carried out when the seedlings reach the strong seedling standard.
(2) Selection and cultivation of rootstocks
2000 eggplant rootstock seeds with strong stress resistance 'Tuolubamu' are selected, soaked in 100mg/L gibberellin for 12 hours, then soaked in clear water for 12 hours, and subjected to germination acceleration in a constant temperature box at 27 ℃. After sprouting, sowing the sprouts in 50-hole or 72-hole plug trays filled with 1:1 mixed turf and vermiculite seedling culture medium at 23-25 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and illumination intensity of 250--2·s-1The cultivation is performed under the environment of (1). After culturing for 45-60 days, when the seedlings grow to 5 leaves and one heart, the first grafting can be carried out when the seedlings reach the strong seedling standard.
5000 eggplant stock seeds 'Tuolubamu' are selected 20 days after the first stock is sowed, and the method is adopted for seedling culture to serve as a second grafting stock.
(3) First graft
Grafting the main stem of the scion to the stock by using a sleeve method, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method;
(4) regeneration cultivation of scion seedlings
Keeping the scion seedling with the upper half cut off after the first grafting, placing the planting plug in a 28-30 ℃, wherein the air humidity is 95-100%, and the illumination intensity is 110--2·s-1Carrying out collateral regeneration cultivation in the environment; the soil humidity is kept at 70-80% in the cultivation process, the scion seedlings are given 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90% and the illumination intensity is 300--2·s-1The cultivation condition of (1), cultivation for 13 days.
And (3) irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 1 regeneration culture nutrient respectively at 11 th, 6 th and 1 st days before the second grafting of 100 scion regenerated seedlings, wherein the irrigation amount is 20 mL/plant, and treating the seedlings as T1. The formula of No. 1 regenerative cultivation nutrient is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 3.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 200mg/L of calcium nitrate, 150mg/L of potassium nitrate, 50mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
And (3) irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 1 regeneration cultivation nutrient respectively 6 days and 1 day before the second grafting of 100 scion regenerated seedlings, wherein the irrigation amount is 20 mL/plant, and treating the seedlings as CK 1.
And (3) irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 1 regeneration cultivation nutrient respectively 11 days and 1 day before the second grafting of 100 scion regenerated seedlings, wherein the irrigation amount is 20 mL/plant, and treating the seedlings as CK 2.
And (3) irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 1 regeneration cultivation nutrient respectively 11 days and 6 days before the second grafting of 100 scion regenerated seedlings, wherein the irrigation amount is 20 mL/plant, and treating the seedlings as CK 3.
And (3) irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 1 regenerated cultivation nutrient respectively at 12 th, 7 th and 2 th days before the second grafting of 100 scion regenerated seedlings, wherein the irrigation amount is 20 mL/plant, and treating the seedlings as CK 4.
And (3) irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings with No. 1 regenerated cultivation nutrient respectively at 13 th day, 8 th day and 3 rd day before the second grafting of 100 scion regenerated seedlings, wherein the irrigation amount is 20 mL/plant, and treating the seedlings as CK 5.
And (3) irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 1-1 regenerated cultivation nutrient respectively at 11 th, 6 th and 1 st days before the second grafting of 100 scion regenerated seedlings, wherein the irrigation amount is 20 mL/plant, and treating the seedlings as CK 6. The formula of No. 1-1 regeneration culture nutrient is as follows: 200mg/L of calcium nitrate, 150mg/L of potassium nitrate, 50mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
And (3) irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 1-2 regenerated cultivation nutrient respectively at 11 th day, 6 th day and 1 st day before the second grafting of 100 scion regenerated seedlings, wherein the irrigation amount is 20 mL/plant, and treating the seedlings as CK 7. The formula of No. 1-2 regenerative cultivation nutrient is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 200mg/L of calcium nitrate, 150mg/L of potassium nitrate, 50mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
And (3) irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 1-3 regenerated cultivation nutrient respectively at 11 th, 6 th and 1 st days before the second grafting of 100 scion regenerated seedlings, wherein the irrigation amount is 20 mL/plant, and treating the seedlings as CK 8. The formula of No. 1-3 regeneration culture nutrient is as follows: 3.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 200mg/L of calcium nitrate, 150mg/L of potassium nitrate, 50mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
And (3) irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 1-4 regenerated cultivation nutrient respectively at 11 th, 6 th and 1 st days before the second grafting of 100 scion regenerated seedlings, wherein the irrigation amount is 20 mL/plant, and treating the seedlings as CK 9. The formula of No. 1-4 regeneration culture nutrient is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 3.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid and 200mg/L of calcium nitrate.
And (3) irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 1-5 regenerated cultivation nutrient respectively at 11 th, 6 th and 1 st days before the second grafting of 100 scion regenerated seedlings, wherein the irrigation amount is 20 mL/plant, and treating the seedlings as CK 10. The formula of No. 1-5 regeneration culture nutrient is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 3.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 200mg/L of calcium nitrate and 150mg/L of potassium nitrate.
And (3) irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 1-6 regenerated cultivation nutrient respectively at 11 th day, 6 th day and 1 st day before the second grafting of 100 scion regenerated seedlings, wherein the irrigation amount is 20 mL/plant, and treating the seedlings as CK 11. The formula of No. 1-6 regenerative cultivation nutrient is as follows: 3.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 200mg/L of calcium nitrate, 150mg/L of potassium nitrate and 50mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
And (3) irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 1 regeneration culture nutrient respectively at 11 th, 6 th and 1 st days before the second grafting of 100 scion regenerated seedlings, wherein the irrigation amount is 10 mL/plant, and treating the seedlings as CK 12.
And (3) irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 1 regeneration culture nutrient respectively at 11 th, 6 th and 1 st days before the second grafting of 100 scion regenerated seedlings, wherein the irrigation amount is 30 mL/plant, and treating the seedlings as CK 13.
And (3) irrigating 100 scion regenerated seedlings with deionized water 11 th day, 6 th day and 1 st day before the second grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 20 mL/plant, and treating the seedlings as CK 14.
2-3 regenerated lateral branches with 2-3 true leaves are cut from each scion seedling to serve as scions for the second grafting.
(5) Second grafting
Grafting the regenerated scion obtained in the step (4) onto a stock sowed for the second time by adopting a sleeve method, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method;
counting the number of grafted plants, the number of grafted survival and the grafting survival rate; counting the survival rate, the lateral branch length and the lateral branch number of the regenerated scions 1 day before grafting; the total yield and the average yield of each single plant are counted 3 months after the field planting, 100 plants are counted per treatment, in addition, the conventional grafting is carried out on non-grafted 'super bright early eggplant king 817' seedlings and non-regenerated 'super bright early eggplant king 817' scions as experimental comparison, and the experimental results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
Example 5
(1) Selection and cultivation of scions
Selecting 2000 high-yield disease-resistant 'Mingzhi 88' tomato seeds, blanching, soaking for 5h, and accelerating germination in a thermostat at 27 ℃. After sprouting, the sprouts were sown in a container filled with 1:1 in a 72-hole plug tray of a mixed turf and vermiculite seedling culture substrate, the temperature is 23-25 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90 percent, and the illumination intensity is 250--2·s-1The cultivation is performed under the environment of (1). After 35-40 days of cultivation, when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and one heart, the first grafting can be carried out when the seedlings reach the strong seedling standard.
(2) Selection and cultivation of rootstocks
Selecting 2000 tomato stock seeds with strong stress resistance, namely 'TMS 150', soaking for 5h in a blanch, and then accelerating germination in a constant temperature box at 27 ℃. After sprouting, sowing the sprouts in 50-hole or 72-hole plug trays filled with 1:1 mixed turf and vermiculite seedling culture medium at 23-25 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and illumination intensity of 250--2·s-1The cultivation is performed under the environment of (1). After 35-40 days of cultivation, when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and one heart, the first grafting can be carried out when the seedlings reach the strong seedling standard.
5000 pieces of 'TMS 150' tomato stock seeds are selected 18 days after the first stock is sowed, and the method is adopted for seedling culture to serve as a second grafting stock. And (3) selecting 4000 'TMS 150' tomato stock seeds 22 days after the second stock is sowed, and adopting the method for seedling culture to serve as a third grafting stock.
(3) First graft
Grafting the main stem of the scion to the stock by using a sleeve method, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method;
(4) regeneration cultivation of scion seedlings
Keeping the scion seedling with the upper half cut off after the first grafting, placing the planting plug in a 25-28 ℃, wherein the air humidity is 90-95%, and the illumination intensity is 140--2·s-1Carrying out collateral regeneration cultivation in the environment; the soil humidity is kept at 70-80% in the cultivation process, the scion seedlings are given 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90% and the illumination intensity is 300--2·s-1The second grafting is carried out 11 days after the cultivation. Meanwhile, the No. 1 regeneration culture nutrient is respectively used for irrigating regeneration scion seedlings 11, 6 and 1 day before grafting, the irrigation amount is 25 mL/strain. The formula of No. 1 regenerative cultivation nutrient is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 3.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 200mg/L of calcium nitrate, 150mg/L of potassium nitrate, 50mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
After 11 days of cultivation, 2-3 regenerated lateral branches with 2-3 true leaves are cut from each scion seedling to serve as the scion for the second grafting.
(5) Second grafting
Grafting the regenerated scion obtained in the step (4) onto a stock sowed for the second time by adopting a sleeve method, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method; and continuously keeping the scion seedlings of which the upper half parts are cut off after the second grafting, and carrying out second regeneration cultivation.
(6) Second regeneration cultivation of scion
The temperature for regeneration and cultivation is 23-26 deg.C, air humidity is 90-95%, and illumination intensity is 90-100 μmol · m-2·s-1. The soil humidity is kept at 60-75% in the cultivation process, the scion seedlings are given 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90% after 7 days, and the illumination intensity is 250--2·s-1The third grafting is carried out 15 days after the cultivation.
Spraying 5mg/L BR once a day on 100 scion regenerated seedlings 2 days before the cultivation period, wherein the spraying amount is 3 mL/plant and is used as T2;
setting CK15, and spraying distilled water once a day for 100 scion regeneration seedlings 2 days before the cultivation period, wherein the spraying amount is 3 mL/plant;
setting CK16, and spraying 5mg/L IAA once every day on 100 scion regenerated seedlings 2 days before the cultivation period, wherein the spraying amount is 3 mL/plant;
setting CK17, and spraying 10mg/L IAA once every day on 100 scion regenerated seedlings 2 days before the cultivation period, wherein the spraying amount is 3 mL/plant;
setting CK18, and spraying 10mg/L BR once a day for 100 scion regenerated seedlings 2 days before the cultivation period, wherein the spraying amount is 3 mL/plant;
setting CK19, and spraying 100 scion regeneration seedlings with the spraying amount of 3 mL/plant once every day for 2 days before the cultivation period;
setting CK20, and spraying 5mg/L BR once a day on 100 scion regenerated seedlings 2 days before the cultivation period, wherein the spraying amount is 1 mL/plant;
setting CK21, and spraying 5mg/L BR once a day on 100 scion regenerated seedlings 2 days before the cultivation period, wherein the spraying amount is 4 mL/plant;
on the 1 st day of the cultivation period, 100 scion regenerated seedlings are sprayed with 5mg/L BR once, the spraying amount is 3 mL/plant and is used as CK 22;
on the 1 st to 3 rd days during the cultivation period, 100 scion regeneration seedlings are sprayed with 5mg/LBR once a day, the spraying amount is 3 mL/plant, and the CK23 is used.
In the above treatments, the regeneration scion seedlings are irrigated by using No. 2 regeneration culture nutrient on days 13, 9, 5 and 1 before the third grafting, and the irrigation amount is 25 mL/plant. The formula of No. 2 nutrient solution is as follows:
5.0mmol/L of glycine, 5.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 300mg/L of calcium nitrate, 200mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
(7) Third time of grafting
And continuously carrying out third grafting on the regenerated scion.
Counting the number of grafted plants, the number of grafted survival and the grafting survival rate; counting the survival rate, the lateral branch length and the lateral branch number of the regenerated scions 1 day before grafting; the total yield and the average yield of each single plant are counted 3 months after the field planting, 100 plants are counted per treatment, in addition, the non-grafted 88 'famous wisdom seedlings and the non-regenerated 88' famous wisdom scions are subjected to conventional grafting as experimental control, and the experimental results are shown in the table 5.
TABLE 5
Example 6
(1) Selection and cultivation of scions
Selecting 2000 high-yield disease-resistant ' Liangjian ' (37-79) 'The pepper seeds are blanched and soaked for 5 hours, and then germination is carried out in a constant temperature box at the temperature of 28 ℃. After sprouting, the sprout is sowed in a 72-hole plug tray filled with a 1:1 mixed turf and vermiculite seedling culture medium, the temperature is 23-25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is 18-20 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90 percent, and the illumination intensity is 250--2·s-1The cultivation is performed under the environment of (1). After culturing for 45-60 days, when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and one heart, the first grafting can be carried out when the seedlings reach the strong seedling standard.
(2) Selection and cultivation of rootstocks
2000 pepper rootstock 'Kate 188' seeds with strong stress resistance are selected, and after being blanched and soaked for 5 hours, germination is carried out in a thermostat at 27 ℃. After sprouting, sowing the sprouts in 50-hole or 72-hole plug trays filled with 1:1 mixed turf and vermiculite seedling culture medium at 23-25 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and illumination intensity of 250--2·s-1The cultivation is performed under the environment of (1). After 35-40 days of cultivation, when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and one heart, the first grafting can be carried out when the seedlings reach the strong seedling standard.
After 20 days of the first-time stock seeding, 5000 pieces of 'Kate 188' stock seeds with strong stress resistance are selected, and the method is adopted for seedling culture to serve as second-time grafting stocks. And 4000 pieces of 'Kate 188' stock seeds with strong stress resistance are selected 24 days after the second stock is sowed, and the seedling is raised by adopting the method to serve as third grafting stock.
(3) First graft
Grafting the main stem of the scion to the stock by using a sleeve method, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method;
(4) regeneration cultivation of scion seedlings
Keeping the scion seedling with the upper half cut off after the first grafting, placing the planting plug in a 28-30 ℃, wherein the air humidity is 95-100%, and the illumination intensity is 110--2·s-1Carrying out collateral regeneration cultivation in the environment; the soil humidity is kept at 70-80% in the cultivation process, the scion seedlings are given 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90% and the illumination intensity is 300--2·s-1The incubation conditions of (1), each day after 13 days of incubation2-3 regenerated lateral branches with 2-3 true leaves are cut from the scion seedlings to serve as the scions for the second grafting.
And irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 1 regeneration culture nutrient respectively 11 days, 6 days and 1 day before grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 20mL per plant. The formula of No. 1 regenerative cultivation nutrient is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 3.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 200mg/L of calcium nitrate, 150mg/L of potassium nitrate, 50mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
(5) Second grafting
Grafting the regenerated scion obtained in the step (4) onto a stock sowed for the second time by adopting a sleeve method, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method; and continuously keeping the scion seedlings of which the upper half parts are cut off after the second grafting, and carrying out second regeneration cultivation.
(6) Second regeneration cultivation of scion
The temperature of regeneration and cultivation is 27-29 ℃, the air humidity is 90-100%, and the illumination intensity is 120--2·s-1. The soil humidity is kept at 60-75% in the cultivation process, the scion seedlings are given 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90% after 7 days, and the illumination intensity is 250--2·s-1The third grafting is carried out 17 days after the cultivation. The fertilizer is sprayed with 5mg/LBR once a day 2 days before the cultivation period, and the spraying amount is 3 mL/plant.
Taking 100 scion seedlings, and irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings with No. 2 regeneration culture nutrient on days 13, 9, 5 and 1 before the third grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 25 mL/plant and is used as T3; the formula of No. 2 nutrient solution is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 5.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 300mg/L of calcium nitrate, 200mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate;
taking 100 scion seedlings, and irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using a No. 2 regeneration cultivation nutrient on 9 th, 5 th and 1 th days before the third grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 25 mL/plant and is used as CK 24;
taking 100 scion seedlings, and irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings 5 and 1 days before the third grafting by using a No. 2 regeneration cultivation nutrient, wherein the irrigation amount is 25mL per plant and is used as CK 25;
taking 100 scion seedlings, and irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings 1 day before the third grafting by using a No. 2 regeneration cultivation nutrient, wherein the irrigation amount is 25mL per scion seedling, and the treated scion seedlings serve as CK 26;
irrigating 100 scion seedlings with No. 2-1 regeneration cultivation nutrient on days 13, 9, 5 and 1 before the third grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 25 mL/scion seedling, and the treated scion seedlings serve as CK 27; the formula of the No. 2-1 nutrient solution is as follows: 300mg/L of calcium nitrate, 200mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate;
irrigating 100 scion seedlings with No. 2-2 regeneration cultivation nutrient on days 13, 9, 5 and 1 before the third grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 25 mL/scion seedling, and the treated scion seedlings serve as CK 28; the formula of No. 2-2 nutrient solution is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 300mg/L of calcium nitrate, 200mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate;
irrigating 100 scion seedlings with No. 2-3 regeneration cultivation nutrient on days 13, 9, 5 and 1 before the third grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 25 mL/scion seedling, and the treated scion seedlings serve as CK 29; the formula of the No. 2-3 nutrient solution is as follows: 5.0mmol/L gamma-aminobutyric acid, 300mg/L calcium nitrate, 200mg/L potassium nitrate, 100mg/L ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L magnesium sulfate;
irrigating 100 scion seedlings with No. 2-4 regeneration cultivation nutrient on days 13, 9, 5 and 1 before the third grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 25 mL/scion seedling, and the treated scion seedlings serve as CK 30; the formula of the No. 2-4 nutrient solution is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 3.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 200mg/L of calcium nitrate, 150mg/L of potassium nitrate, 50mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate;
and (3) irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings with No. 2 regenerated cultivation nutrient in 13 th, 9 th, 5 th and 1 th days before the third grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 10 mL/plant, and the result is used as CK 31.
(7) Third time of grafting
And continuously carrying out third grafting on the regenerated scion.
Counting the number of grafted plants, the number of grafted survival and the grafting survival rate; counting the survival rate, the lateral branch length and the lateral branch number of the regenerated scions 1 day before grafting; the total yield and the average yield of each plant were counted 3 months after the planting, 100 plants were counted per treatment, and conventional grafting was performed on non-grafted ` Liangjian (37-79) ` seedlings and non-regenerated ` Liangjian (37-79) ` scions as experimental controls, and the experimental results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6
Example 7
(1) Selection and cultivation of scions
Selecting 2000 high-yield disease-resistant 'Liangjian (37-79)' pepper seeds, scalding and soaking for 5h, and accelerating germination in a constant temperature box at 28 ℃. After sprouting, the sprout is sowed in a 72-hole plug tray filled with a 1:1 mixed turf and vermiculite seedling culture medium, the temperature is 23-25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is 18-20 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90 percent, and the illumination intensity is 250--2·s-1The cultivation is performed under the environment of (1). After culturing for 45-60 days, when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and one heart, the first grafting can be carried out when the seedlings reach the strong seedling standard.
(2) Selection and cultivation of rootstocks
2000 pepper rootstock 'Kate 188' seeds with strong stress resistance are selected, and after being blanched and soaked for 5 hours, germination is carried out in a thermostat at 27 ℃. After sprouting, sowing the sprouts in 50-hole or 72-hole plug trays filled with 1:1 mixed turf and vermiculite seedling culture medium at 23-25 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and illumination intensity of 250--2·s-1The cultivation is performed under the environment of (1). After 35-40 days of cultivation, when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and one heart, the first grafting can be carried out when the seedlings reach the strong seedling standard.
After 20 days of the first-time stock sowing, 5000 pieces of 'Kate 188' seeds with strong stress resistance are selected, and the seedlings are raised by adopting the method to serve as second-time grafting stocks. And 4000 pieces of 'Kate 188' seeds with strong stress resistance are selected 24 days after the second-time stock is sowed, and the seedling is raised by adopting the method to serve as a third-time grafting stock.
(3) First graft
Grafting the main stem of the scion to the stock by using a sleeve method, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method;
(4) regeneration cultivation of scion seedlings
Keeping the scion seedlings of which the upper half parts are cut off after the first grafting, placing 200 plants in a planting hole tray at 28-30 ℃, wherein the air humidity is 95-100%, and the illumination intensity is 110--2·s-1Carrying out lateral branch regeneration cultivation for 7 days in the environment, after 7 days, providing the scion seedlings with 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and 300-inch illumination intensity-2·s-1The cultivation condition of (3) was incubated for 13 days as T4;
200 plants of the planting hole tray are placed at 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and 350 [ mu ] mol.m ] of illumination intensity-2·s-1Carrying out collateral regeneration cultivation for 20 days in the environment to obtain CK 32;
200 plants of the planting hole tray are placed at 20-25 ℃, the air humidity is 95-100%, and the illumination intensity is 110--2·s-1Carrying out lateral branch regeneration cultivation for 7 days in the environment, after 7 days, providing the scion seedlings with 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and 300-inch illumination intensity-2·s-1The culture conditions of (3) were incubated for 13 days to obtain CK 33;
placing 200 plants in the tray at 28-30 deg.C, air humidity of 95-1005%, and illumination intensity of 80-100 μmol · m-2·s-1Carrying out lateral branch regeneration cultivation for 7 days in the environment, after 7 days, providing the scion seedlings with 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and 300-inch illumination intensity-2·s-1The culture conditions of (3) were incubated for 13 days to obtain CK 34;
200 plants of the planting hole tray are placed at 28-30 ℃, the air humidity is 75-85%, and the illumination intensity is 110--2·s-1Carrying out lateral branch regeneration cultivation for 7 days in the environment, after 7 days, providing the scion seedlings with 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and 300-inch illumination intensity-2·s-1The culture conditions of (3) were incubated for 13 days to obtain CK 35;
200 plants of the planting hole tray are placed at 28-30 ℃, the air humidity is 95-100%, and the illumination intensity is 160--2·s-1Carrying out lateral branch regeneration cultivation for 7 days in the environment, after 7 days, providing the scion seedlings with 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and 300-inch illumination intensity-2·s-1The culture conditions of (3) were incubated for 13 days to obtain CK 36;
200 plants of the planting hole tray are placed at 28-30 ℃, the air humidity is 95-100%, and the illumination intensity is 110--2·s-1Carrying out lateral branch regeneration cultivation for 10 days in the environment, after 10 days, providing the scion seedlings with 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and 300-inch illumination intensity of 350 mu mol.m-2·s-1The culture conditions of (3) were incubated for 10 days to obtain CK 37;
200 plants of the planting hole tray are placed at 28-30 ℃, the air humidity is 95-100%, and the illumination intensity is 110--2·s-1Carrying out lateral branch regeneration cultivation for 3 days in the environment, after 10 days, providing the scion seedlings with 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and 350 [ mu ] mol.m ] of illumination intensity of 300--2·s-1The culture conditions of (4) were incubated for 17 days to obtain CK 38.
The soil humidity is kept at 70-80% in the cultivation process. And irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 1 regeneration culture nutrient respectively 11 days, 6 days and 1 day before grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 20mL per plant. The formula of No. 1 regenerative cultivation nutrient is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 3.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 200mg/L of calcium nitrate, 150mg/L of potassium nitrate, 50mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
2-3 regenerated lateral branches with 2-3 true leaves are cut from each scion seedling to serve as scions for the second grafting.
(5) Second grafting
Grafting the regenerated scion obtained in the step (4) onto a stock sowed for the second time by adopting a sleeve method, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method; and continuously keeping the scion seedlings of which the upper half parts are cut off after the second grafting, and carrying out second regeneration cultivation.
(6) Second regeneration cultivation of scion
200 plants of the planting hole tray are placed at the temperature of 27-29 ℃, the air humidity of 90-100 percent and the illumination intensity of 120--2·s-1Culturing for 7 days in the environment, after 7 days, providing the scion seedlings with 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and illumination intensity of 300 mu mol.m-2·s-1The culture condition of (3) was incubated for 16 days as T5;
200 plants of the planting hole tray are placed at the temperature of 20-22 ℃, the air humidity of 90-100 percent and the illumination intensity of 120--2·s-1Culturing for 7 days in the environment, after 7 days, providing the scion seedlings with 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and illumination intensity of 300 mu mol.m-2·s-1The culture conditions of (3) were incubated for 16 days to obtain CK 39;
200 plants of the planting hole tray are placed at the temperature of 27-29 ℃, the air humidity of 75-85 percent and the illumination intensity of 120--2·s-1Culturing for 7 days in the environment, after 7 days, providing the scion seedlings with 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and illumination intensity of 300 mu mol.m-2·s-1The culture conditions of (3) were incubated for 16 days to obtain CK 40;
placing 200 plants in the tray at 27-29 deg.C, air humidity of 90-100%, and illumination intensity of 80-100 μmol · m-2·s-1Culturing for 7 days in the environment, after 7 days, providing the scion seedlings with 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and illumination intensity of 300 mu mol.m-2·s-1The culture conditions of (3) were incubated for 16 days to obtain CK 41;
200 plants of the planting hole tray are placed at the temperature of 27-29 ℃, the air humidity of 90-100 percent and the illumination intensity of 140--2·s-1Culturing for 7 days in the environment, after 7 days, providing the scion seedlings with 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and illumination intensity of 300 mu mol.m-2·s-1The culture conditions of (3) were incubated for 16 days to obtain CK 42;
will be provided with200 plants are planted in the hole tray at 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night, the air humidity is 80-90 percent, and the illumination intensity is 250--2·s-1The culture conditions of (3) were incubated for 23 days to obtain CK 43;
200 plants of the planting hole tray are placed at the temperature of 27-29 ℃, the air humidity of 90-100 percent and the illumination intensity of 120--2·s-1Culturing for 10 days in the environment, and after 7 days, providing the scion seedlings with 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and illumination intensity of 300 mu mol.m-2·s-1As CK44, for 13 days;
200 plants of the planting hole tray are placed at the temperature of 27-29 ℃, the air humidity of 90-100 percent and the illumination intensity of 120--2·s-1Culturing for 3 days in the environment, after 7 days, providing the scion seedlings with 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, 80-90% of air humidity and illumination intensity of 300 mu mol.m-2·s-1As CK45, for 20 days;
200 plants of the planting hole tray are placed at the temperature of 27-29 ℃, the air humidity of 90-100 percent and the illumination intensity of 120--2·s-1Culturing for 7 days in the environment, and after 7 days, providing scion seedlings with the temperature of 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature of 18-20 ℃ at night, the air humidity of 80-90 percent and the illumination intensity of 90-100 mu mol.m-2·s-1Was incubated for 16 days as CK 46.
The soil humidity is kept at 60-75% in the cultivation process. The cultivation is carried out for 8 days and 9 days, 5mg/LBR is sprayed once a day, and the spraying amount is 3mL per plant. And irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using No. 2 regeneration culture nutrient on days 13, 9, 5 and 1 before the third grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 25mL per plant. The formula of No. 2 nutrient solution is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 5.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 300mg/L of calcium nitrate, 200mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
(7) Third time of grafting
And continuously carrying out third grafting on the regenerated scion.
Counting the number of grafted plants, the number of grafted survival and the grafting survival rate; counting the survival rate, the lateral branch length and the lateral branch number of the regenerated scions 1 day before grafting; the total yield and the average yield of each plant were counted 3 months after the planting, 100 plants were counted per treatment, and conventional grafting was performed on non-grafted ` Liangjian (37-79) ` seedlings and non-regenerated ` Liangjian (37-79) ` scions as experimental controls, and the experimental results are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples shown herein, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that equivalent substitutions of raw materials and addition or subtraction of auxiliary components for those skilled in the art can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is also within the protection and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A scion regeneration cultivation method suitable for grafting solanaceous vegetables is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selection and cultivation of scions
Selecting high-yield disease-resistant high-quality tomato, eggplant or pepper variety seeds, and obtaining scion seedlings suitable for grafting after plug seedling;
(2) selection and cultivation of rootstocks
Selecting tomato, eggplant or pepper variety seeds with strong stress resistance, and obtaining stock seedlings suitable for grafting after plug seedling; the stocks are sowed in batches, and after the stocks are sowed for the first grafting, the stocks are sowed and grown again at intervals of each scion regeneration time to be used as stocks seedlings for subsequent grafting;
(3) first graft
Grafting the main stem of the scion on to the stock, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method;
(4) first regeneration cultivation of scion seedlings
Keeping the scion seedlings of which the upper half parts are cut off after the first grafting, and planting the scion seedlings in a plug tray for lateral branch regeneration cultivation; 2-3 regenerated lateral branches with 2-3 true leaves are cut from each scion seedling as the scion for the second grafting according to the growth condition of the lateral branches of the scion seedlings after the scion seedlings are cultivated for 14-21 days;
(5) second grafting
Grafting the regenerated scion obtained in the step (4) onto a stock sowed for the second time, and managing the grafted seedling according to a conventional method; the regenerated scions with the upper parts cut off after the second grafting can be discarded or subjected to second regeneration cultivation and third grafting;
the first regeneration cultivation in the step (4) comprises the following steps:
1) the regeneration and cultivation temperature of the tomato scion seedling is 25-28 ℃, the air humidity is 90-95%, and the illumination intensity is 140--2·s-1；
The regeneration and cultivation temperature of the eggplant or pepper scion seedling is 28-30 ℃, the air humidity is 95-100%, and the illumination intensity is 110--2·s-1；
Cultivating for 7 days, wherein the soil humidity is kept at 70-80% in the cultivating process;
2) giving day and night temperature difference after 7 days, wherein the day temperature is 25-28 ℃, the night temperature is 15-18 ℃, the air humidity is 80-90 percent, and the illumination intensity is 300--2·s-1Continuously culturing for 7-14 days; irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using a No. 1 regenerated cultivation nutrient every 4 days before 1 day and 1 day before grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 20-25 mL/plant;
the No. 1 regenerative cultivation nutrient formula is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 3.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 200mg/L of calcium nitrate, 150mg/L of potassium nitrate, 50mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate;
the second regeneration cultivation method of the scion seedlings in the step (5) comprises the following steps:
keeping the scion seedlings of which the upper half parts are cut off after the second grafting, and planting the scion seedlings in a plug tray for lateral branch regeneration cultivation; 2-3 regenerated lateral branches with 2-3 true leaves are cut from each scion seedling as the scion for the third grafting according to the growth condition of the lateral branches of the scion seedlings after 21-24 days of cultivation;
the second regeneration cultivation in the step (5) comprises the following steps:
1) the regeneration and cultivation temperature of tomato scion seedling is 23-26 deg.C, air humidity is 90-95%, and illumination intensity is 90-100 μmol.m-2·s-1；
The regeneration and cultivation temperature of the eggplant or pepper scion seedling is 27-29 ℃, the air humidity is 90-100%, and the illumination intensity is 120--2·s-1；
Cultivating for 7 days, wherein the soil humidity is kept at 60-75% in the cultivating process;
2) giving day and night temperature difference after 7 days, wherein the day temperature is 25-28 ℃, the night temperature is 18-20 ℃, the air humidity is 80-90 percent, and the illumination intensity is 300 mu mol.m-2·s-1Continuously culturing for 14-17 days; spraying 5mg/L BR once a day in the first 2 days, wherein the spraying amount is 2-3 mL/plant; irrigating the regenerated scion seedlings by using a No. 2 regeneration culture nutrient every 3 days before 1 day and 1 day before grafting, wherein the irrigation amount is 20-25 mL/plant;
the No. 2 regenerative cultivation nutrient formula is as follows: 5.0mmol/L of glycine, 5.0mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 300mg/L of calcium nitrate, 200mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
2. The method for regenerating and cultivating scions suitable for grafting solanaceous vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the scions regenerated and cultivated for the second time are grafted to the stocks sowed for the third time, and the grafted seedlings are managed according to a conventional method;
discarding the scion seedlings with the upper half parts cut off after the third grafting; the total times of scion regeneration are the same as the times of stock re-seeding.
3. The method for regenerating and cultivating scions suitable for grafting solanaceous vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the first seeding of the rootstocks in the step (2) corresponds to the number of the seeding of the scions in the step (1), and the number of the second seeding of the rootstocks in the step (2) is 2-3 times of the number of the seeding of the scions in the step (1).
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| CN111543198A (en) * | 2020-06-06 | 2020-08-18 | 江苏丰收大地种业发展有限公司 | Method for grafting lateral branches of tomatoes |
| CN113115655A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-07-16 | 新疆绿丰农业产业科技开发有限公司 | Secondary grafting technology for eggplants |
| CN113973663A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-01-28 | 福建省农业科学院作物研究所 | Tomato seedling culture method capable of culturing three scions |
| CN113924873B (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2023-02-17 | 海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Cultivation method for circularly and uniformly producing multiple tomato grafted seedlings in multiple batches by using one seed |
| CN114467525A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-05-13 | 寿光市新世纪种苗有限公司 | Method for improving tomato seedling resistance |
| CN114557202B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-06-23 | 保亭智农农业发展有限责任公司 | Durian planting method with high fruit setting rate |
| CN117178762B (en) * | 2023-10-13 | 2024-05-14 | 北京翠湖农业科技有限公司 | Tomato one-spike multi-plant grafting method |
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