CN108366595A - 富集钙的海鲜产品 - Google Patents
富集钙的海鲜产品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108366595A CN108366595A CN201680072687.7A CN201680072687A CN108366595A CN 108366595 A CN108366595 A CN 108366595A CN 201680072687 A CN201680072687 A CN 201680072687A CN 108366595 A CN108366595 A CN 108366595A
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 235000014102 seafood Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000013332 fish product Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013882 gravy Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015067 sauces Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001125831 Istiophoridae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000269957 Thunnus obesus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241001222097 Xenocypris argentea Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000037180 bone health Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 61
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019739 Dicalciumphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000277331 Salmonidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical group [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013580 sausages Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 235000019511 tuna Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910014497 Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000269819 Katsuwonus pelamis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000016611 Proteoglycans Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010067787 Proteoglycans Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NHORPIRSHBGRQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].[Ca].OP(O)(O)=O Chemical compound [Ca].[Ca].OP(O)(O)=O NHORPIRSHBGRQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013527 bean curd Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002639 bone cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium lactate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001527 calcium lactate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002401 calcium lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011086 calcium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000297694 fish poison bean Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000020510 functional beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007407 health benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013618 yogurt Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
- A23L13/42—Additives other than enzymes or microorganisms in meat products or meat meals
- A23L13/432—Addition of inorganic compounds, e.g. minerals; oligo-elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/06—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof with gravy or sauce
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/10—Meat meal or powder; Granules, agglomerates or flakes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L17/10—Fish meal or powder; Granules, agglomerates or flakes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2250/00—Food ingredients
- A23V2250/15—Inorganic Compounds
- A23V2250/156—Mineral combination
- A23V2250/1578—Calcium
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
根据本发明的富集钙的海鲜产品包括但不限于耐贮存的、冷藏的和冷冻的金枪鱼或三文鱼产品或其它类似的耐贮存物,其可以通过提供每100g最终产品多达400mg可利用的钙来提供相当大的骨骼健康益处。本发明包含额外的钙补充剂,其中最终产品中钙的量在所述产品总重量的0.5到5.0%(w/w)的范围内,并且其中额外的钙补充剂的来源可选自未加工或部分纯化的动物或鱼的骨头或部分纯化的鱼骨或无机钙化合物。
Description
技术领域
本领域涉及食品加工科学和技术,特别是在富集钙的海鲜产品的生产领域,优选是使耐贮存的、冷藏的或冷冻的鱼类产品富集钙。
背景技术
钙是人体中第五丰富的元素。它在许多生理过程,包括神经和肌肉功能中起着重要作用。此外,钙对于正常生长和提供身体强度和结构的骨骼的发育和维持是必需的。
全身超过99%的钙在牙齿和骨骼中。由于骨骼含有身体大部分的钙,故它是大多数无脊椎动物中钙的主要储库,且骨钙的主要成分是羟磷灰石。
通常,金枪鱼产品,尤其是罐装金枪鱼,只含有肉而没有骨头。这导致每罐产品的钙含量低。市场上其它耐贮存的金枪鱼产品也含有极低量的钙。先前报道过食品中钙的富集,如使用鱼骨提取物的功能性饮料(CN103719990A),添加了乳酸钙的鱼豆腐(CN101032311A),添加鱼骨酱的鱼丸(CN102551108),鱼肉混合香肠或添加了获自鱼的骨粉的香肠(CN102078004),牛骨或猪骨,添加有研磨鱼骨的海鲜汤(CN104041869)和具有鱼骨补充剂的酸奶(CN104041586A)。尽管如此,其它海鲜产品,特别是金枪鱼,富集钙的产品迄今尚未见报道。
拉尔登(Larden)等人(2000)报道,摄入整个带骨小鱼可以提高钙的生物利用率,且小鱼可能是钙的重要来源。
与任何其它动物骨头类似,金枪鱼骨是天然钙的良好来源,其主要由呈羟磷灰石Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2晶体形式的钙和磷酸根以及其它离子组成。骨的有机相由胶原纤维和由糖蛋白和蛋白聚糖形成的研磨物质组成(普瑞提斯(Prentice)等人,2003)。这使得金枪鱼骨和其部分组合物成为用于在海鲜产品中添加或富集的优选天然钙源。
本发明旨在通过向金枪鱼或三文鱼产品或其它类似的耐贮存的、冷藏的或冷冻的鱼类产品中加入鱼骨粉,如研磨的金枪鱼骨、金枪鱼骨粉或其部分组合物来改善耐贮存的金枪鱼或三文鱼产品或其它类似的耐贮存的、冷藏的或冷冻的鱼类产品的营养价值、性质和特征。所述添加有金枪鱼骨或其部分组合物的金枪鱼或三文鱼产品或其它类似的耐贮存的、冷藏的或冷冻的鱼类产品被称为富集钙的产品,其可为消费者提供类似于或优于食用整个金枪鱼(带骨肉)产品的健康益处。
因此,本发明产生了富集钙的海鲜产品,包括耐贮存的、冷藏的或冷冻的金枪鱼或三文鱼产品或其它类似的耐贮存物的类别,其可为消费者提供骨健康益处。通常,富集钙的产品被设计成通过添加源自金枪鱼骨的钙来提供至少10%的RDI。
发明内容
本发明涉及富集钙的海鲜产品,包括但不限于金枪鱼或三文鱼鱼片、金枪鱼或三文鱼鱼块、金枪鱼或三文鱼鱼丝、金枪鱼或三文鱼鱼排或呈其它形式的金枪鱼肉或三文鱼肉,其保藏在不同的介质中,如盐水、植物油、泉水或咸味肉汁;金枪鱼或三文鱼酱或由金枪鱼肉或三文鱼肉制成的其它类似产品。根据本发明的耐贮存物还包括由其它鱼类制成的类似的耐贮存物。用于在所述耐贮存物中添加或富集的钙源可选自未加工或部分纯化的动物或鱼的骨头或无机钙化合物。优选的动物骨头包括鸡骨、猪骨或牛骨。优选的鱼骨包括但不限于金枪鱼骨、三文鱼骨或鳟鱼骨。此外,所述骨可以被纯化或部分纯化以去除除钙以外的其它骨组分。在本发明中,从金枪鱼骨中获得的钙被称为“金枪鱼钙”或微粒化金枪鱼骨粉。
附图说明
现在将参考随附的表格来描述本发明的具体实施,所述表格是作为实例而非限制提供的。
表1显示了在罐装盐水中金枪鱼鱼片灭菌后的填充重量和沥干重量的结果;
表2显示了富集钙的罐装盐水中金枪鱼鱼片的感官性质;
表3显示了罐装大豆油中金枪鱼鱼片杀菌后的沥干重量和钙含量的结果;
表4显示了罐装大豆油中金枪鱼鱼片的感官性质;
表5显示了具有不同金枪鱼骨粉量的罐装盐水中金枪鱼鱼片的钙含量;
表6显示了加有磷酸二钙的罐装盐水中金枪鱼鱼片的钙含量;和
表7显示了加有金枪鱼骨粉的罐装大豆油中金枪鱼鱼片的钙含量。
具体实施方式
耐贮存的海鲜产品包括可以在室温下在任何形式的密封容器(如罐头、袋或塑料杯)中安全储存的海鲜产品。根据本发明的耐贮存的海鲜产品的优选实例是在罐头、蒸煮袋或塑料杯中的金枪鱼或三文鱼。
根据本发明的冷藏的海鲜产品是指需要在冷藏温度(处于或低于0-4℃)下储存以在食用时维持产品质量和微生物安全性的海鲜产品。冷藏的海鲜产品的优选实例是金枪鱼鱼排或鱼柳、三文鱼鱼排或鱼柳。
根据本发明的冷冻的海鲜产品是指通过冷冻保藏并且需要在低于-18℃的温度下储存以维持最高的产品质量和微生物安全性的海鲜产品。冷冻的海鲜产品的优选实例是预煮的金枪鱼鱼条或鱼片、冷冻的三文鱼鱼柳。
根据本发明的富集钙的海鲜产品包括但不限于耐贮存的、冷藏的或冷冻的金枪鱼或三文鱼鱼片、金枪鱼或三文鱼鱼块、金枪鱼或三文鱼鱼丝、金枪鱼或三文鱼鱼排或呈其它形式的金枪鱼肉或三文鱼肉,其保藏在不同的介质,如盐水、植物油、泉水或咸味肉汁中;金枪鱼或三文鱼酱或由金枪鱼肉或三文鱼肉制成的其它类似产品。根据本发明的耐贮存物还包括由其它鱼类制成的类似产品。用于在所述耐贮存物中添加或富集的钙源可选自未加工或部分纯化的动物或鱼的骨头或无机钙化合物。优选的动物骨头包括鸡骨、猪骨或牛骨。优选的鱼骨包括但不限于金枪鱼骨、三文鱼骨或鳟鱼骨。此外,所述骨可以被纯化或部分纯化以去除除钙以外的其它骨组分。在本发明中,从金枪鱼骨中获得的钙被称为“金枪鱼钙”或微粒化金枪鱼骨粉。
用于在所述本发明产品中添加或富集的其它钙源可以选自无机钙化合物的群组,如碳酸钙、磷酸钙、硫酸钙和氯化钙或其组合。
所述产品中加入的钙的优选量在所述产品总重量的0.25-0.95%(w/w)的范围内。
根据本发明的海鲜产品,优选金枪鱼或三文鱼产品展现出改善的品质,包括但不限于质地和持水能力。以下实例提供了所选金枪鱼产品富集某些形式的钙的示例性实验,并且其不意味着限制本发明。本领域的技术人员应认识到,根据本发明的耐贮存物可以由其它鱼类制成。
实验1:
本实验从产品特征和营养价值方面显示富集钙的盐水和大豆油中的金枪鱼鱼片的作用。
制备和测试富集钙的罐装盐水或大豆油介质中的金枪鱼三明治(鱼片)。为了制备富集钙的罐装盐水或大豆油介质中的金枪鱼三明治,下面列出了详细的过程;
方法:
-将尺寸在1-2cm范围内的预煮的鲣鱼(skipjack tuna)鱼片与粒度小于100微米(micron/micrometer)或在0.1-30微米范围内、但最优选为10微米的金枪鱼钙以及磷酸钙混合。最终产品中钙的最终含量在所述产品总重量的0.5-5%(w/w)的范围内,但最优选在1-2%(w/w)的范围内;以及
-在用蒸煮工艺灭菌之前,将从上述步骤得到的所述富集钙的金枪鱼产品包装在罐头中。检查所述产品的填充重量和沥干重量,并且如表1中所示计算重量差异(%)。通过ICP发射光谱法AOAC(2012),984.27分析最终产品的钙含量。
如表2所示,通过与对照比较,检查了用1.5和1.7%(w/w)金枪鱼骨粉和1.7%磷酸二钙富集钙后的金枪鱼产品的外观和感官评价。
根据本实验,金枪鱼产品中的钙富集使得在两种填充介质(即盐水和油)中在灭菌之后产品产率提高5-7%(w/w),优选5.8-6.6%(w/w)的产品总重量。与对照相比,富集钙的罐装金枪鱼鱼片的感官质量已经得到改善,特别是产品的湿润度和紧致性。使用微粒化的粒度,产品中不会出现沙质或白垩质地。所添加的金枪鱼骨的量对最终产品的钙含量的影响展示于表5中。加入磷酸二钙后的最终产品的钙含量展示于表6和7中。从本实验清楚地表明,在富集金枪鱼骨粉或无机钙之后,罐装的盐水和大豆油中的金枪鱼产品的钙含量显著增加(表6和7)。通过加入总产品的1.5-2.0%(w/w)的量的金枪鱼骨粉来富集金枪鱼产品的钙,从而在沥干后的所述金枪鱼产品中获得高钙含量(表5)。即,含有可利用的钙的金枪鱼产品的钙富集约为150-400mg/100g。这表明,通过加入金枪鱼骨粉或无机钙的钙富集非常适合制造富集钙的鱼类产品,特别是金枪鱼产品,这是前所未有的。
请注意,所选国家每100克产品的目标钙含量如下所列。目标每100克产品的钙含量:
-欧盟:120-300mg/100g
-泰国:120-300mg/100g
-美国:185-300mg/100g
此外,泰国推荐每日摄入量、药典营养参考值和美国推荐每日摄入量分别为800mg,800mg和100mg。
Claims (20)
1.一种包含额外的钙补充剂的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中最终产品中钙的量在所述产品总重量的0.5到5.0%(w/w)的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中所述富集钙的海鲜产品可以是耐贮存物、冷藏的鱼类产品或冷冻的鱼类产品。
3.根据权利要求1所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中额外的钙补充剂的来源可以选自未加工或部分纯化的动物或鱼的骨头或部分纯化的鱼骨或无机钙化合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中所述鱼骨或部分纯化的鱼骨来源于海水鱼或淡水鱼。
5.根据权利要求4所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中所述鱼骨或部分纯化的鱼骨来源于三文鱼或金枪鱼。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中所述鱼骨或部分纯化的鱼骨来源于金枪鱼。
7.根据权利要求3所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中所述无机钙化合物可选自碳酸钙、磷酸钙、硫酸钙和氯化钙或其组合的群组。
8.根据权利要求1到7所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中所述最终产品中钙的量在所述产品总重量的1到2%(w/w)的范围内。
9.根据权利要求8所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中所述产品具有改善的品质,包括但不限于口味、质地和持水能力。
10.根据权利要求9所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中所述产品的每100g所述产品含有在150到400mg的范围内的可利用的钙的量。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中所述产品具有在所述产品总重量的5到7%(w/w)的范围内的产品产率提高。
12.根据权利要求11所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中所述产品具有在所述产品总重量的5.8到6.6%(w/w)的范围内的产品产率提高。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中所述耐贮存物呈鱼片、鱼丝、鱼块或鱼排的形式。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中所述产品还包含填充介质,优选所述填充介质可选自盐水、植物油、泉水或咸味肉汁的群组。
15.根据权利要求13所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中所述耐贮存物包括但不限于油中的金枪鱼或三文鱼鱼片、盐水中的金枪鱼或三文鱼鱼片、金枪鱼或三文鱼酱和其它类似产品。
16.根据权利要求15所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中所述产品由选自包括鲣鱼,黄鳍金枪鱼、长鳍金枪鱼或大眼金枪鱼的金枪鱼物种的金枪鱼制备。
17.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中所述产品被包装在选自罐头、袋或塑料杯或类似物的包装容器中。
18.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中所述产品具有小于100微米的粒度分布的中值直径。
19.根据权利要求18所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中钙的粒度分布的中值直径在0.1到30微米的范围内。
20.根据权利要求18所述的富集钙的海鲜产品,其中钙的粒度分布的中值直径是10微米。
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