CN108246297A - 一种沉淀型重质烃钴基费托合成催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种沉淀型重质烃钴基费托合成催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108246297A CN108246297A CN201810101780.7A CN201810101780A CN108246297A CN 108246297 A CN108246297 A CN 108246297A CN 201810101780 A CN201810101780 A CN 201810101780A CN 108246297 A CN108246297 A CN 108246297A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical group [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 23
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910002492 Ce(NO3)3·6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002538 Eu(NO3)3·6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004042 HAuCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021638 Iridium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002422 La(NO3)3·6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002676 Pd(NO3)2·2H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(II) nitrate Inorganic materials [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Inorganic materials [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 13
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- OQUOOEBLAKQCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;hexahydrate Chemical class O.O.O.O.O.O.O[N+]([O-])=O OQUOOEBLAKQCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- GNEMDYVJKXMKCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt zirconium Chemical compound [Co].[Zr] GNEMDYVJKXMKCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910002515 CoAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001399 aluminium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SAXCKUIOAKKRAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Co] SAXCKUIOAKKRAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004093 laser heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BYOBIQOEWYNTMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese;nitric acid Chemical compound [Mn].O[N+]([O-])=O BYOBIQOEWYNTMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
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- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/83—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8913—Cobalt and noble metals
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- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
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- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C10G2/332—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals of the iron-group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
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- C10G2/33—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G2/331—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals
- C10G2/333—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals of the platinum-group
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种沉淀型重质烃钴基费托合成催化剂及其制备方法和应用。所述催化剂由氧化钴、金属助剂和结构助剂组成,各组分的质量百分比组成如下:以钴的质量计,氧化钴20~60%;金属助剂0~10%,但不为零;结构助剂30~75%。所述沉淀型钴基催化剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:配制可溶性钴盐和金属助剂的可溶性盐的混合溶液A,向混合溶液中加入水溶性有机物和部分量的结构助剂的前体得混合溶液B;将混合溶液B和碱溶液进行混合沉淀,然后经老化得到沉淀物;向沉淀物中加入剩余量的结构助剂的前体,进行剪切打浆,依次经干燥和焙烧即得。本发明提供的催化剂具有较高的费托反应活性、良好的产物选择性(高的C5+选择性、低的甲烷选择性)和反应稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种重质烃钴基费托合成催化剂及其制备方法和应用,具体地涉及一种沉淀型重质烃钴基费托合成催化剂及其制备方法和应用,属于催化剂制备技术领域。
背景技术
费托合成(FTS)是将煤和天然气转化为液体燃料的重要手段,费托合成技术的产业化对于我国煤炭和天然气资源洁净高效利用和国家能源安全具有重大意义。
钴基催化剂由于在费托合成中具有高活性、高重质直链饱和烃选择性和低水煤气变换等优点,成为费托合成催化剂的研究热点之一。Co基催化剂通过将钴化合物浸渍到预成型的载体材料内,接着进行焙烧,然后在还原条件下活化催化剂前体,以获得分散在载体上的钴金属颗粒的费托合成催化剂。催化剂载体通常使用氧化硅、氧化铝及氧化钛等。
为了获得更高的催化反应活性,负载在载体上的钴金属应具有较高的分散度。当钴催化剂负载量较低时,活性金属具有较小的晶粒,但是载体与活性金属之间产生很强的相互作用,使催化剂难于还原。当催化剂中钴含量升高至20wt%以上,钴易形成较大晶粒,变的难以分散,进而影响催化剂的反应活性。此外,钴在催化剂上的分散,又明显受到载体比表面积及孔结构的影响。当催化剂载体比表面积较低时,负载一定量的钴需要几次浸渍步骤才得以完成,反复多次浸渍又导致活性金属的分布不均匀。CN1286556C为弥补ZnO作为载体比表面积较低,钴无法大量负载的问题,将包含Co和Zn前体的溶液与碱液共沉淀制备得到粒度均一且比表面积较大的钴基费托催化剂。CN101035616A采用过量碱液先沉淀Co前体得到“悬浮”的Co沉淀,再向其中加入可溶的铝化合物,老化所得的悬浮形式的沉淀物,得到CoAl沉淀型催化剂。该催化剂还原后金属钴含量可达到80wt%,具有较高的比表面积和反应活性。CN1398669A公开了一种钴锆费托合成催化剂的制备方法,该方法通过将包含Co和Zr前体的溶液与碱液共沉淀制备了一种钴锆共沉淀费托合成催化剂,该方法促进了催化剂中活性金属钴的分散。
现有技术中的制备方法,分别在不同载体或结构助剂上采用沉淀法制备了钴基催化剂,在一定程度上提高了各自体系下催化剂的比表面积,提高了催化剂的反应性能。但是上述制备方法中的结构助剂由于自身织构性质所限,直接限制了催化剂的比表面积及钴分散程度的提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有很高的费托合成催化活性和较好反应稳定性的沉淀型钴基催化剂及其制备方法和应用,以克服上述现有技术中存在的不足。
本发明所提供的沉淀型钴基催化剂,由氧化钴、金属助剂和结构助剂组成,各组分的质量百分比组成如下:
以钴的质量计,氧化钴20~60%;
金属助剂0~10%,但不为零;
结构助剂30~75%。
所述金属助剂可为如下金属中至少一种的氧化物:钌、铑、钯、铱、铂、金、银、锰、镁、镧、锆、铈、铕和铽;
所述结构助剂可为氧化硅和/或氧化铝。
本发明进一步提供了所述沉淀型钴基催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配制可溶性钴盐和所述金属助剂的可溶性盐的混合溶液A,向所述混合溶液中加入水溶性有机物和部分量的所述结构助剂的前体得混合溶液B,
(2)将所述混合溶液B和碱溶液进行混合沉淀,然后经老化得到沉淀物;
(3)向所述沉淀物中加入剩余量的所述结构助剂的前体,进行剪切打浆,依次经干燥和焙烧,即得所述沉淀型钴基催化剂。
上述的制备方法中,所述可溶性钴盐可为硝酸钴;
所述金属助剂的可溶性盐可为Ru(NO)(NO3)3、Rh(NO3)3·2H2O、Pd(NO3)2·2H2O、IrCl3·3H2O、Pt(NH3)2Cl2、HAuCl4、AgNO3、La(NO3)3·6H2O、ZrO(NO3)2·xH2O、Mn(NO3)2、Mg(NO3)2·6H2O、Ce(NO3)3·6H2O、Eu(NO3)3·6H2O和Tb(NO3)3中至少一种;
所述混合溶液A中,所述可溶性钴盐的浓度可为0.5~1mol/L,具体可为0.5~0.75mol/L、0.5mol/L、0.75mol/L或1mol/L,所述金属助剂的可溶性盐与所述可溶性钴盐的摩尔比可为0.02~0.05,具体可为0.02或0.05。
步骤(1)中,所述结构助剂的前体的加入量可为:所述结构助剂的前体与所述可溶性钴盐的摩尔比可为0.3~2,具体可为0.3~1、0.3、0.4、0.5、1或2,该步骤中加入所述结构助剂前体主要用于分散催化剂金属组分。
上述的制备方法中,所述水溶性有机物可为乙醇、蔗糖、乙二醇和聚乙二醇中至少一种;
所述水溶性有机物与所述可溶性钴盐的质量比可为0~0.2,但不为零,具体可为0.05;
所述结构助剂的前体可为硅溶胶、铝溶胶和正硅酸乙酯中至少一种。
上述的制备方法中,所述碱溶液由下述至少一种碱配制得到:
氨水、碳酸氢铵、碳酸铵、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、乙二胺和二乙胺;
所述碱溶液的摩尔浓度可为0.5~1mol/L。
上述的制备方法中,在连续加热及搅拌的条件下进行所述混合沉淀;
所述混合沉淀的温度可为40~80℃,如50℃,pH值可为7~14,如9;
所述老化的时间可为1~4小时,如2小时,所述老化步骤后需要对所述沉淀物进行洗涤;
所述混合沉淀的方式为下述任一种:
a、将所述碱溶液加入到所述混合溶液B中,此过程中pH值由小到大变化,最终pH值保持在7~11,如9;
b、将所述混合溶液B加入到所述碱溶液中,此过程中pH值由大到小变化,最终pH值保持在7~11,如9;
c、将所述混合溶液B与所述碱溶液进行并流共沉淀,此过程中pH值恒定在7~11,如9。
上述的制备方法中,步骤(3)中加入的所述结构助剂的前体为硅溶胶,其作用是增强催化剂强度;
所述干燥的温度可为60~120℃,时间可为10~24小时,如在120℃的条件下干燥24小时;
所述焙烧的温度可为300~500℃,时间可为2~8小时,如在500℃的条件下干燥5小时。
本发明将结构助剂和有机物分散剂(水溶性有机物)与Co前体通过碱液沉淀,在沉淀过程中结构助剂及加入的有机物分散剂能够抑制沉淀过程中粒子之间的聚集,提高整个体系的分散程度,使催化剂具有较高的比表面积。而在滤饼(沉淀物)中再次加入结构助剂,通过剪切使催化剂活性相结构更加稳定。本发明提供的制备方法工艺简单,易于大规模生产;所所得的催化剂更为均匀,比表面积较高(如表1所示),反应稳定好,且表现了较高的催化活性和产物选择性(如表2所示)。
本发明沉淀型钴基催化剂可用于费托合成反应,如用于固定床费托合成中,在费托合成反应之前,需对本发明沉淀型钴基催化剂进行活化预处理,然后再进行费托合成反应,所述活化预处理的条件可为:H2气氛下,活化温度为300~400℃,空速为1000~8000h-1,压力为0.1~5.0MPa,活化时间4~24小时;所述费托合成反应条件为:反应温度为180~240℃,空速为1000~5000h-1,反应压力为1.0~5.0MPa,合成气中H2/CO为1.7~2.3,指的摩尔比。
本发明沉淀型钴基催化剂催化费托合成反应时,具有较高的C5+选择性、低的甲烷选择性,且具有较高的反应稳定性。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
(1)本发明提供的制备方法新颖,工艺简单,易于大规模生产;
(2)本发明提供的制备方法通过分次加入结构助剂,能够大幅提高催化剂的表面积;
(3)本发明提供的催化剂具有较高的费托反应活性、良好的产物选择性(高的C5+选择性、低的甲烷选择性)和反应稳定性。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到,试剂均为化学纯(CP)或者更高纯度。
实施例1、
称取145.5g六水合硝酸钴溶解配制0.5mol/L的硝酸钴溶液,按照Co/Zr(原子比)=100/5计,称取5.8g的ZrO(NO3)2·xH2O加入硝酸钴溶液中。称取固含率为10%的铝溶胶102g(铝溶胶与硝酸钴的摩尔比为0.4),加入混合溶液。根据六水合硝酸钴/乙醇=100/5(质量比),称取7.27g乙醇,加入混合溶液中,充分搅拌。将混合溶液加入沉淀容器内,并预热至50℃。称取一定量的二乙胺溶液,将二乙胺配制成0.5mol/L的溶液。在加热及连续搅拌下,将二乙胺溶液加入硝酸钴混合溶液中,沉淀结束控制溶液pH=9。沉淀后老化120分钟,洗涤数次后得到沉淀滤饼;向滤饼中加入500ml去离子水,加入固含率40%的碱性硅溶胶30g,充分剪切打浆后,浆料于120℃下干燥24h,于500℃下焙烧5小时,得到催化剂,记为A。
按质量计,催化剂A的组成:氧化钴(以钴的质量计):45.0%,锆氧化物:4.7%,Al2O3:15.6%,SiO2:18.3%。
催化剂评价试验在固定床反应器中进行,还原条件为:H2气氛下,350℃,0.5MPa,GHSV=1000h-1,恒温12小时;反应条件为:210℃,3000h-1,3MPa,H2/CO(V:V)=2:1。催化剂的评价结果如表2中所示。
实施例2、
称取291.0g六水合硝酸钴溶解配制1mol/L的硝酸钴溶液,按照Co/Ce(原子比)=100/5计,称取21.7g的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O加入硝酸钴溶液中。称取固含率为10%的铝溶胶255g(铝溶胶与硝酸钴的摩尔比为0.5),加入混合溶液。根据六水合硝酸钴/乙二醇=100/5(质量比),称取14.5g乙二醇,加入混合溶液中,充分搅拌。将混合溶液加入沉淀容器内,并预热至50℃。称取一定量的二乙胺溶液,将二乙胺配制成1mol/L的溶液。在加热及连续搅拌下,将二乙胺溶液加入硝酸钴混合溶液中,沉淀结束控制溶液pH=9。沉淀后老化120分钟,洗涤数次后得到沉淀滤饼;向滤饼中加入500ml去离子水,加入固含率40%的碱性硅溶胶75g,充分剪切打浆后,浆料于120℃下干燥24h,于500℃下焙烧5小时,得到催化剂,记为B。
按质量计,催化剂B的组成:氧化钴(以钴的质量计):41.3%,铈氧化物:4.9%,Al2O3:17.9%,SiO2:21.0%。
催化剂评价试验在固定床反应器中进行,还原条件为:H2气氛下,350℃,0.5MPa,GHSV=3000h-1,恒温12小时;反应条件为:210℃,3000h-1,3MPa,H2/CO(V:V)=2:1。催化剂的评价结果如表2中所示。
实施例3、
称取291.0g六水合硝酸钴溶解配制1mol/L的硝酸钴溶液,按照Co/Mn(原子比)=100/5计,称取17.9g的Mn(NO3)2溶液(硝酸锰含量50wt%)加入硝酸钴溶液中。称取固含率为10%的铝溶胶510g(铝溶胶与硝酸钴的摩尔比为1),加入混合溶液。根据六水合硝酸钴/蔗糖=100/5(质量比),称取14.5g蔗糖,加入混合溶液中,充分搅拌。将混合溶液预热至50℃。称取一定量的碳酸钠溶液,将碳酸钠配制成1mol/L的溶液。在加热及连续搅拌下,将碳酸钠溶液与硝酸钴混合溶液并流共沉淀,沉淀结束控制溶液pH=9。沉淀后老化120分钟,洗涤数次后得到沉淀滤饼;向滤饼中加入500ml去离子水,加入固含率40%的碱性硅溶胶150g,充分剪切打浆后,浆料于120℃下干燥24小时,于500℃下焙烧5小时,得到催化剂,记为C。
按质量计,催化剂C的组成:氧化钴(以钴的质量计):30.1%,锰氧化物:2.2%,Al2O3:26.1%,SiO2:30.7%。
催化剂评价试验在固定床反应器中进行,还原条件为:H2气氛下,400℃,1MPa,GHSV=5000h-1,恒温12小时;反应条件为:220℃,3000h-1,3MPa,H2/CO(V:V)=2:1。催化剂的评价结果如表2中所示。
实施例4、
称取218.3g六水合硝酸钴溶解配制0.75mol/L的硝酸钴溶液,按照Co/Zr(原子比)=100/5计,称取8.7g的ZrO(NO3)2·xH2O加入硝酸钴溶液中。称取固含率为30%的硅溶胶300.0g(硅溶胶与硝酸钴的摩尔比为2),加入混合溶液。根据六水合硝酸钴/聚乙二醇(400)=100/5(质量比),称取10.9g乙醇,加入混合溶液中,充分搅拌。将混合溶液加入沉淀容器内,并预热至50℃。称取一定量的氢氧化钠,将氢氧化钠配制成1mol/L的溶液。在加热及连续搅拌下,将氢氧化钠加入硝酸钴混合溶液中,沉淀结束控制溶液pH=9。沉淀后老化120分钟,洗涤数次后得到沉淀滤饼;向滤饼中加入500ml去离子水,加入固含率40%的碱性硅溶胶150g,充分剪切打浆后,浆料于120℃下干燥24小时,于500℃下焙烧5小时,得到催化剂,记为D。
按质量计,催化剂D的组成:氧化钴(以钴的质量计):20.6%,锆氧化物:2.2%,SiO2:69.8%。
催化剂评价试验在固定床反应器中进行,还原条件为:H2气氛下,400℃,0.5MPa,GHSV=3000h-1,恒温12小时;反应条件为:230℃,3000h-1,3MPa,H2/CO(V:V)=2:1。催化剂的评价结果如表2中所示。
实施例5、
称取291.0g六水合硝酸钴溶解配制1mol/L的硝酸钴溶液,按照Co/Ru(原子比)=100/0.5计,量取106ml的Ru(NO)(NO3)3(OH)2溶液(Ru含量1.5g/100ml)加入硝酸钴溶液中。称取固含率为30%的硅溶胶200.0g(硅溶胶与硝酸钴的摩尔比为1),加入混合溶液。根据六水合硝酸钴/乙二醇=100/5(质量比),称取14.5g乙二醇,加入混合溶液中,充分搅拌。将混合溶液加入沉淀容器内,并预热至50℃。称取一定量的碳酸钠,将碳酸钠配制成1mol/L的溶液。在加热及连续搅拌下,将碳酸钠溶液加入硝酸钴混合溶液中,沉淀结束控制溶液pH=9。沉淀后老化120分钟,洗涤数次后得到沉淀滤饼;向滤饼中加入500ml去离子水,加入固含率40%的碱性硅溶胶75g,充分剪切打浆后,浆料于120℃下干燥24小时,于500℃下焙烧5小时,得到催化剂,记为E。
按质量计,催化剂E的组成:氧化钴(以钴的质量计):34.5%,钌氧化物:0.38%,SiO2:52.7%。
催化剂评价试验在固定床反应器中进行,还原条件为:H2气氛下,400℃,2MPa,GHSV=1000h-1,恒温12小时;反应条件为:230℃,3000h-1,3MPa,H2/CO(V:V)=2:1。催化剂的评价结果如表2中所示。
实施例6、
称取291.0g六水合硝酸钴溶解配制1mol/L的硝酸钴溶液,按照Co/Ag(原子比)=100/2计,称取3.4g的AgNO3加入硝酸钴溶液中。称取固含率为30%的硅溶胶60g,加入混合溶液(硅溶胶与硝酸钴的摩尔比为0.3)。根据六水合硝酸钴/乙二醇=100/5(质量比),称取14.5g乙二醇,加入混合溶液中,充分搅拌。将混合溶液加入沉淀容器内,并预热至50℃。称取一定量的乙二胺溶液,将乙二胺配制成1mol/L的溶液。在加热及连续搅拌下,将乙二胺溶液加入硝酸钴混合溶液中,沉淀结束控制溶液pH=9。沉淀后老化120分钟,洗涤数次后得到沉淀滤饼;向滤饼中加入500ml去离子水,加入固含率40%的碱性硅溶胶45.0g,充分剪切打浆后,浆料于120℃下干燥24小时,于500℃下焙烧5小时,得到催化剂,记为F。
按质量计,催化剂F的组成:氧化钴(以钴的质量计):49.7%,银氧化物:2.0%,SiO2:30.4%。
催化剂评价试验在固定床反应器中进行,还原条件为:H2气氛下,400℃,0.5MPa,GHSV=3000h-1,恒温12小时;反应条件为:220℃,3000h-1,3MPa,H2/CO(V:V)=2:1。催化剂的评价结果如表2中所示。
催化剂A-F的比表面积如表1所示。
表1催化剂A-F的比表面积结果
由表1可知采用本发明提供的方法制备的催化剂的比表面积较高。
表2催化剂A-F的催化评价结果
编号 | CO转化率(%) | CH4选择性(wt%) | C5+选择性(wt%) | 失活率a |
A | 75.0 | 7.2 | 84.3 | 4.2 |
B | 72.4 | 6.9 | 85.1 | 3.4 |
C | 69.2 | 8.3 | 82.8 | 3.4 |
D | 67.5 | 8.3 | 81.9 | 1.6 |
E | 74.7 | 6.4 | 84.3 | 1.8 |
F | 72.1 | 8.7 | 82.2 | 2.4 |
a失活率是指在保持反应条件不变的条件下,连续运行1000小时,反应初始CO转化率与反应1000h的CO转化率之差,再除以反应初始CO转化率,如下式所示:失活率(%)=%*(反应初始CO转化率-反应1000h时CO转化率)/反应初始CO转化率。
由表2可知:采用本发明提供的方法制备的催化剂具有良好的反应性能,从反应结果来看,催化剂具有较高的F-T反应活性,较低的CH4选择性,较高的C5+选择性,同时催化剂的运行稳定性好。
Claims (10)
1.一种沉淀型钴基催化剂,由氧化钴、金属助剂和结构助剂组成,各组分的质量百分比组成如下:
以钴的质量计,氧化钴 20~60%;
金属助剂 0~10%,但不为零;
结构助剂 30~75%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的沉淀型钴基催化剂,其特征在于:所述金属助剂为如下金属中至少一种的氧化物:钌、铑、钯、铱、铂、金、银、锰、镁、镧、锆、铈、铕和铽;
所述结构助剂为氧化硅和/或氧化铝。
3.权利要求1或2所述沉淀型钴基催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配制可溶性钴盐和所述金属助剂的可溶性盐的混合溶液A,向所述混合溶液中加入水溶性有机物和部分量的所述结构助剂的前体得混合溶液B;
(2)将所述混合溶液B和碱溶液进行混合沉淀,然后经老化得到沉淀物;
(3)向所述沉淀物中加入剩余量的所述结构助剂的前体,进行剪切打浆,依次经干燥和焙烧,即得所述沉淀型钴基催化剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述可溶性钴盐为硝酸钴;
所述金属助剂的可溶性盐为Ru(NO)(NO3)3、Rh(NO3)3·2H2O、Pd(NO3)2·2H2O、IrCl3·3H2O、Pt(NH3)2Cl2、HAuCl4、AgNO3、La(NO3)3·6H2O、ZrO(NO3)2·xH2O、Mn(NO3)2、Mg(NO3)2·6H2O、Ce(NO3)3·6H2O、Eu(NO3)3·6H2O和Tb(NO3)3中至少一种;
所述混合溶液A中,所述可溶性钴盐的浓度为0.5~1mol/L,所述金属助剂的可溶性盐与所述可溶性钴盐的摩尔比为0.02~0.05。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述水溶性有机物为乙醇、蔗糖、乙二醇和聚乙二醇中至少一种;
所述水溶性有机物与所述可溶性钴盐的质量比为0~0.2,但不为零;
所述结构助剂的前体为硅溶胶、铝溶胶和正硅酸乙酯中至少一种;
以所述结构助剂的量计,步骤(1)中所述结构助剂的前体与所述可溶性钴盐的摩尔比为0.15~2。
6.根据权利要求3-5中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述碱溶液由下述至少一种碱配制得到:
氨水、碳酸氢铵、碳酸铵、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、乙二胺和二乙胺;
所述碱溶液的摩尔浓度为0.5~1mol/L。
7.根据权利要求3-6中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述混合沉淀的温度为40~80℃,pH值为7~14;
所述老化的时间为1~4小时;
所述混合沉淀的方式为下述任一种:
a、将所述碱溶液加入到所述混合溶液B中,此过程中pH值由小到大变化,最终pH值保持在7~11;
b、将所述混合溶液B加入到所述碱溶液中,此过程中pH值由大到小变化,最终pH值保持在7~11;
c、将所述混合溶液B与所述碱溶液进行并流共沉淀,此过程中pH值恒定在7~11。
8.根据权利要求3-7中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中加入的所述结构助剂的前体为硅溶胶;
所述干燥的温度为60~120℃,时间为10~24小时;
所述焙烧的温度为300~500℃,时间为2~8小时。
9.权利要求1或2所述沉淀型钴基催化剂在催化费托合成反应中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于:在催化费托合成反应之前,对所述沉淀型钴基催化剂进行活化预处理;
所述活化预处理的条件为:
H2气氛下,活化温度为300~400℃,空速为1000~8000h-1,压力为0.1~5.0MPa,活化时间为4~24小时;
所述费托合成反应条件为:
反应温度为180~240℃,空速为1000~5000h-1,反应压力为1.0~5.0MPa,合成气中H2/CO为1.7~2.3,指的摩尔比。
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