CN108191752A - 一种选择性检测细胞内rna g-四链体的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种选择性检测细胞内rna g-四链体的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种选择性检测细胞内RNA G‑四链体的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用。所述荧光探针,其结构如式(Ⅰ)所示;;其中,Ar为芳香环或芳香杂环;R1为氟、氨基或胺类取代基;A‑为N甲基化阴离子、碘离子、对甲苯磺酸离子或三氟甲磺酸离子。本发明提供的荧光探针在细胞内可以特异性地检测识别RNA G‑四链体,检测过程不受其他组分的干扰,实现了实时跟踪活细胞中RNA G‑四链体运动过程以及折叠与去折叠的过程;同时所述荧光探针的制备过程简单、成本低廉,并且结构稳定,便于储存,在RNA G‑四链体生物学功能研究上具有广阔的应用空间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种荧光探针,更具体地,涉及一种选择性检测细胞内RNA G-四链体的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
G-四链体(G-quadruplex)是由富含鸟嘌呤的DNA或RNA形成的一种重要核酸二级结构。生物信息学分析发现,人类基因组中约有37万个具有形成G-四链体可能性的序列,包括端粒末端鸟嘌呤重复序列启动子区、核糖体DNA(rDNA)、转录起始位点(TSS)、非翻译区(UTR)等区域,预示着G-四链体在人类基因组和转录组中扮演着重要的角色,参与了许多重要生命过程的调控。近十年来,对G-四链体的研究主要集中于DNA G-四链体;对RNA G-四链体的研究相对较少。近年的研究发现RNA G-四链体同样参与了许多生命过程的调控,包括端粒的维持、pre-mRNA剪切、mRNA识别和翻译等等。因此,在体内或体外试验中能够特异性地检测出RNA G-四链体的存在,对于研究RNA G-四链体相关生物学功能以及开发以RNAG-四链体为靶点的抗癌药物等方面都具有非常重要的作用。
目前,在体内和体外检测DNA G-四链体结构的研究取得了一些进展。已有一些荧光分子能够实现DNA G-四链体体内和体外的检测。然而在体内或体外能够特异性识别RNAG-四链体的荧光探针却鲜有报道。而且由于体内大大过量的其他核酸二级结构的存在,以及复杂的细胞内环境,使得体内特异性检测RNA G-四链体相对于体外检测需要解决更多的难题。
因此,亟待于提供一种细胞内特异性识别RNA G-四链体的荧光探针。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于基于现有技术的不足,提供一种选择性检测细胞内RNA G-四链体的荧光探针。本发明提供的荧光探针在细胞体内能够特异性的识别RNA G-四链体,而不受其他组分,特别是DNA G-四链体的干扰,进而能够准确的检测和实时跟踪活细胞中RNA G-四链体。
本发明的目的之二在于提供所述选择性检测细胞内RNA G-四链体的荧光探针的制备方法。
本发明的目的之三在于提供所述荧光探针在检测细胞内RNA G-四链体上的应用。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现上述目的:
一种选择性检测细胞内RNA G-四链体的荧光探针,其结构如式(Ⅰ)所示:
其中,Ar为芳香环或芳香杂环;R1为氟、氨基或胺类取代基;A-为N甲基化阴离子、碘离子、对甲苯磺酸离子或三氟甲磺酸离子。
本发明提供的荧光探针由于结构中具有单双键交替进行的较大共轭体系(即喹啉母体结构和取代基Ar中的共轭体系),与RNA G-四链体特异性结合后,紫外光谱中的最大吸收峰明显红移。并且,该探针分子中存在可转动的双键,当探针分子与RNA G-四链体特异性结合之后,分子内的可转动的双键的柔性受到限制,可以减弱非辐射弛豫过程,而辐射弛豫过程增强,进而使荧光强度增加。同时探针与其他二级结构的RNA作用较弱,所以,将该探针与不同二级结构的RNA混合时,如果该RNA是G-四链体结构时,其与探针分子间发生特异性作用,产生荧光光谱的改变。当RNA的二级结构为其他结构时,则不会产生明显的信号变化。另一方面,在喹唑结构上引入了具有强拉电子效应的F原子取代基,来增强分子内的推拉电子效应,提高探针的光学性质;同时,引入氨基侧链(即R1)提高探针与RNA G-四链体的结合能力。
本发明提供的荧光探针在体外可以识别RNA G-四链体,而且在含有多种核酸二级结构的细胞内,能够特异性的识别RNA G-四链体,而不受DNAG-四链体的干扰,进而可以准确判断细胞内是否存在RNA G-四链体。同时,将用本发明荧光探针处理后的细胞在共聚焦显微镜下进行观察,可以跟踪到活细胞中RNA G-四链体运动过程以及折叠与去折叠的过程。
优选地,R1为F、N-甲基哌嗪或-NH(CH2)nR2;其中,n为1~5中任意一个整数;R2为胺基、C原子数为1~5的烷基取代胺基、C原子数为1~8的烷氧基取代胺基、五元或六元杂环取代胺基中的一种。
优选地,所述R1为F或N-甲基哌嗪。
优选地,所述-Ar为
本发明同时还保护所述荧光探针的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
先用3,4-二氟苯胺与乙酰乙酸乙酯在多聚磷酸(PPA)存在下进行关环反应得到化合物化合物在POCl3存在下氯代得到化合物将化合物用钯碳催化脱氯得到化合物将与甲基化试剂反应,得到化合物将与胺类取代基发生取代反应得到化合物将或与芳香醛反应,得到最终如式(Ⅰ)所示探针化合物。
本发明还保护所述荧光探针在检测细胞内RNA G-四链体结构中的应用。
优选地,所述荧光探针在跟踪活细胞内RNA G-四链体运动过程、折叠和去折叠动态变化过程或在检测固定细胞内RNA G-四链体结构中的应用。
优选地,所述荧光探针在跟踪活细胞内RNA G-四链体运动过程、折叠和去折叠动态变化的步骤如下:将上述荧光探针用细胞培养液配置荧光探针溶液,然后将其加入到含有活细胞的培养皿中处理,处理结束后将活细胞用培养基清洗,即可在荧光显微镜下跟踪活细胞内RNA G-四链体结构的动态变化。更优选地,所用荧光探针的浓度为0.5μM。
优选地,所述荧光探针在检测固定细胞内RNA G-四链体结构位置的步骤如下:将细胞进行固定,并用缓冲溶液清洗,再用上述荧光探针进行细胞染色;染色完成后用缓冲溶液或培养基清洗固定细胞,即可在荧光显微镜下检测固定细胞内RNA G-四链体结构。更优选地,所述缓冲液为Tris-盐酸缓冲液;所用荧光探针的浓度为1μM。
与现有技术相比,本发明的具有以下优点和有益效果:
本发明提供的荧光探针在细胞内可以特异性地检测识别RNA G-四链体,检测过程不受其他组分的干扰,还可以跟踪到活细胞中RNA G-四链体运动过程以及折叠与去折叠的过程;同时所述荧光探针的制备过程简单、成本低廉,并且结构稳定,便于储存,在RNA G-四链体生物学功能研究上具有广阔的应用空间。
附图说明
图1为荧光探针f7在Tris-盐酸缓冲液的紫外可见吸收光谱。
图2为向荧光探针f7在Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中滴加不同量的RNA G-四链体TERRA的紫外可见吸收光谱。其中,荧光探针的浓度为5μM。
图3为荧光探针f7中滴加不同RNA样品的荧光光谱图。其中,荧光探针的浓度为1μM,RNA样品的浓度为2μM。
图4为荧光探针f7在Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中滴加不同RNA样品的荧光滴定曲线。其中,荧光探针的浓度为1μM。
图5为荧光探针f7检测固定细胞内RNA G-四链体的激光共聚焦显微成像。
图6为荧光探针f7检测活细胞内RNA G-四链体的激光共聚焦显微成像。
具体实施例
下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明的内容,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的简单修改或替换,均属于本发明的范围;若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
实施例1化合物f1~f7的合成
①将10g 3,4-二氟苯胺和10g乙酰乙酸乙酯混合加入圆底烧瓶中,加入120g多聚磷酸(PPA),130℃下反应5小时,冷至室温,将反应液倒入500mL冰水中,用饱和氢氧化钠调节溶液至中性,减压抽滤,干燥后得12.40g的淡黄色固体,即化合物(a)。
②取10g化合物(a)溶于50mL三氯氧磷中,110℃回流反应5h,冷却至室温,倒入500mL冰水中,用饱和氢氧化钠溶液调节溶液呈弱碱性,减压抽滤,干燥得粗产品。以石油醚/二氯甲烷(体积比2/1)作为洗脱剂通过硅胶层析纯化,得到8.30g白色固体,即化合物(b)。
③取8g化合物(b)溶于100mL甲醇中,加入1g钯碳催化,在氢气的环境中室温搅拌12小时,抽滤,蒸干滤液得5.46g白色固体,即化合物(c)
步骤①、②和③的反应过程如下:
④5g将化合物(c)溶于8mL环丁砜中,加入5mL碘甲烷,50℃下反应12h,冷至室温,抽滤,用无水乙醚洗后真空干燥得6.38g浅黄色固体,即化合物(d)。
⑤将2g化合物(d)溶于10mL乙腈中,加入2mL1-甲基哌嗪,室温下搅拌反应24h,抽滤,用无水乙醚洗后真空干燥得2.22g黑色固体,即化合物(e)。
步骤④和⑤的反应过程如下:
⑥将1mmol的化合物(d)与1mmol N-乙基咔唑-3-甲醛4mL溶于乙醇中回流反应24h,冷至室温,旋蒸干燥。以甲醇︰二氯甲烷(体积比1︰50)为洗脱剂通过硅胶层析纯化,分离得到0.30g橙黄色固体,即化合物f1。反应过程如下:
以化合物(d)为原料,采用步骤⑥同样的方法和步骤,将上述N-乙基咔唑-3-甲醛按照表1中的芳香醛进行替换,即可得到化合物f2~f5。采用同样的方法和步骤,用化合物(e)替换化合物(d)为原料,与表1中的芳香醛反应,即可得到化合物f6和f7。
化合物f1~f7的结构、外观和核磁共振氢谱数据如表1所示。
表1化合物f1~f7的结构、外观和核磁共振氢谱数据
性能测试实验
以荧光探针f7为代表,检测荧光探针f1~f7识别RNAG-四链体的性能。
(1)测试荧光探针f7对RNAG-四链体的体外识别作用
测试的RNA样品序列包括:
FMR1:5’-r(GGAGGGGGAGGAAGAGGACAAGGAGGAAGAGG)-3’
TERRA:5’-r(UUAGGGUUAGGGUUAGGGUUAGGG)-3’
TB1:5’-r(UUGUGGUGGGUGGGUGGGU)-3’
MT3:5’-r(GGGAGGGAGGGAGAGGGA)-3’
PolyA:5’-r(AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA)-3’
PolyU:5’-r(UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU)-3’
UAA:PolyA[PolyU]2
HP26:5’-r(GUCACGAGAGCCUCAAAUCUCGUGAC)-3’
DS26:5’-r(CAAUCGGAUCGAAUUCGAUCCGAUUG)-3’
tRNA:transfer RNA
rRNA:ribosomal RNA
HP18:5’-r(CAGUACAGAUCUGUACUG)-3’
SS26:5’-r(AUACGAUGCUUUACGGUGCUAUUUUG)-3’
其中,FMR1、TERRA、TB1和MT3为RNA G-四链体结构。RNA样品购自Integrated DNATechnologies。将RNA适量溶于Tris-HCl的缓冲液中(PH7.4,10mM Tris,100mM KCl),超微量紫外定浓,在95℃下加热5min后缓慢冷却退火到室温作为储存液,4℃储存待用。
以化合物f7为测试荧光探针,将其用二甲基亚砜溶解,配成10mM的储存液,再用Tris-HCl的缓冲液中(PH7.4,10mM Tris,100mM KCl)分别稀释成5uM和1uM浓度的荧光探针溶液用于测试。
①将配置好的荧光探针溶液进行吸光度测试,结果如图1所示,荧光探针f7在525nm左右有最大紫外吸收强度。
②以TERRA为测试RNAG-四链体,向配置好的5uM的荧光探针f7的缓冲溶液中滴加TERRA测试液,随着滴加量的增加,混合液的吸光度结果如图2所示。
测试结果为:荧光探针f7的最大紫外吸收峰由525nm处红移至570nm左右,并且吸光强度随着TERRA的滴加量的增加而逐渐增加。
③分别向1uM的荧光探针f7的缓冲溶液中滴加上述不同RNA测试液,RNA的浓度为2uM,检测荧光探针f7中加入不同RNA后的荧光强度,测试结果如图3所示。
测试结果为荧光探针f7对RNAG-四链体FMR1、TERRA、TB1和MT3的荧光响应明显高于其他核酸二级结构。由此可见,荧光探针f7能够特异性识别RNA G-四链体结构。
④分别向1uM的荧光探针f7的缓冲溶液中滴加上述不同RNA测试液,测试随着RNA浓度的升高,混合液的荧光强度变化情况,测试结果如图4所示。
结果显示在相同浓度下,探针对RNA G-四链体FMR1、TERRA、TB1和MT3的荧光响应明显高于其他RNA二级结构,且随着浓度的增加,荧光强度越来越强,与其他RNA二级结构的区别也越来越明显。证明荧光探针f7特异性识别RNA G-四链体。
(2)测试荧光探针f7对细胞内RNA G-四链体的特异性识别作用
(1)荧光探针f7对固定细胞中的RNA G-四链体的检测
将Siha细胞(人子宫颈鳞癌细胞)放在培养基(DMEM培养液和10%胚牛血清)中,放置于条件为37℃、5%CO2和20%O2的培养箱中培养24~48h。用8%多聚甲醛将细胞固定30min,0.1%Triton-X 100透化细胞30min。将处理好的细胞分组用于如下实验:
①取1μM的荧光探针f7与0.5μg/mL DAPI的混合溶液加入到上述处理好的细胞中,37℃孵育10min,使用PBS清洗样本3次,进行荧光成像,将波长405nm和波长561nm激发获得的荧光信号重叠,得到图5A;
②取100U/mL的DNase I加入到上述处理好的细胞中37℃孵育5h后,用PBS冲洗固定细胞3次,取1μM的荧光探针f7与0.5μg/mL DAPI的混合溶液的混合溶液加入到处理好的细胞中,37℃孵育30min后,使用PBS清洗样本3次,进行荧光成像,结果见图5B;
③取100U/mL的RNase A加入到上述处理好的细胞中37℃孵育5h后,用PBS冲洗固定细胞3次,取1μM的荧光探针f7与0.5μg/mL DAPI的混合溶液加入到处理好的细胞中,37℃孵育30min后,使用PBS样本3次,进行荧光成像,结果见图5C;
④取1μM的荧光探针f7与0.5μg/mL DAPI的混合溶液加入到上述处理好的细胞中,37℃孵育30min后,用PBS冲洗固定细胞3次,加入G-四链体配体BRACO19(用PBS缓冲溶液配制为1μM)37℃孵育30min后,使用PBS清洗样本3次进行,荧光成像,结果见图5D。
从图5A中看出,加入荧光探针f7和DAPI后,在不同的激发波长下显示出不同的荧光信号,其中可以观察到DAPI的荧光信号和探针f7的荧光信号,分别位于细胞核和细胞质中;从图5B中看出,用DNase I对细胞内的DNA进行消化之后,发现细胞内的探针f7的荧光强度没有降低,说明探针在细胞内染的不是DNA;从图5C中看出,用RNase A对细胞内的RNA进行消化之后,发现细胞内探针f7的荧光信号消失,说明探针在细胞内染的是RNA的二级结构;从图5D中看出,加入G-四链体配体竞争后,发现细胞内f7的荧光信号完全消失;以上结果说明本发明所述探针在细胞内能够选择性识别RNA G-四链体。
(2)荧光探针f7对活细胞中的RNA G-四链体位置的跟踪检测
将Siha细胞放在培养基(DMEM培养液和10%胚牛血清)中,放置于条件为37℃、5%CO2和20%O2的培养箱中培养24~48h。取Hoechst、荧光探针f7(用Siha细胞培养基配制为0.5μg/mLHoechst,0.5μM f7的混合物)将混合物加入到培养皿中继续培养3h后,使用培养基清洗样本3次,进行荧光成像,结果见图6。
图6中,6-1为波长405nm激发获得Hoechst的荧光信号,表示蓝色荧光为细胞核的位置;6-2为波长561nm激发获得荧光探针f7的荧光信号,表示RNA G-四链体在活细胞内的分布情况,在成像过程中,可以观察到探针f7荧光信号点的变化过程,表示活细胞中RNA-G四链体的动态变化过程(RNA-G四链体的运动过程以及折叠和去折叠);6-3细胞在可见光下观察的形态;6-4为6-1、6-2、6-3的叠合情况。
上述实验结果表明本发明所述荧光探针具有特异性识别活细胞中RNA-G四链体的作用,能够实时跟踪活细胞中RNA-G四链体的运动过程以及折叠和去折叠过程。
Claims (10)
1.一种选择性检测细胞内RNA G-四链体的荧光探针,其特征在于,其结构如式(Ⅰ)所示:
其中,Ar为芳香环或芳香杂环;R1为氟、氨基或胺类取代基;A-为N甲基化阴离子、碘离子、对甲苯磺酸离子或三氟甲磺酸离子。
2.根据权利要求1所述荧光探针,其特征在于,A-为碘离子。
3.根据权利要求1所述荧光探针,其特征在于,所述R1为F、N-甲基哌嗪或-NH(CH2)nR2;其中,n为1~5中任意一个整数;R2为胺基、C原子数为1~5的烷基取代胺基、C原子数为1~8的烷氧基取代胺基、五元或六元杂环取代胺基中的一种。
4.根据权利要求3所述荧光探针,其特征在于,所述R1为F或N-甲基哌嗪。
5.根据权利要求1所述荧光探针,其特征在于,所述-Ar为
6.一种权利要求1~5任一所述荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:先用3,4-二氟苯胺与乙酰乙酸乙酯在多聚磷酸存在下反应得到化合物化合物在POCl3存在下得到化合物将化合物用钯碳催化得到化合物将与甲基化试剂反应,得到化合物将与胺类取代基发生取代反应得到化合物将与芳香醛反应,得到最终如式(Ⅰ)所示探针化合物。
7.权利要求1~5任一所述荧光探针在检测细胞内RNA G-四链体结构中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述应用,其特征在于,所述荧光探针在跟踪活细胞内RNA G-四链体运动过程、折叠和去折叠动态变化过程或在检测固定细胞内RNA G-四链体结构中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述应用,其特征在于,所述荧光探针用于跟踪活细胞内RNA G-四链体运动过程、折叠和去折叠动态变化的操作方法如下:
将权利要求1~5任一所述荧光探针用细胞培养液配置成荧光探针溶液,然后将其加入到含有活细胞的培养皿中处理,处理结束后将活细胞用培养基清洗,即可在荧光显微镜下跟踪活细胞内RNA G-四链体结构的动态变化。
10.根据权利要求8所述应用,其特征在于,所述荧光探针用于检测固定细胞内RNA G-四链体结构的操作方法如下:
将细胞进行固定,并用缓冲溶液清洗,再用权利要求1~5任一所述荧光探针进行细胞染色;染色完成后用缓冲溶液或培养基清洗固定细胞,即可在荧光显微镜下检测固定细胞内RNA G-四链体结构。
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