CN108110431B - Reflecting surface installation adjustment method of reflecting surface antenna - Google Patents
Reflecting surface installation adjustment method of reflecting surface antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN108110431B CN108110431B CN201711344182.4A CN201711344182A CN108110431B CN 108110431 B CN108110431 B CN 108110431B CN 201711344182 A CN201711344182 A CN 201711344182A CN 108110431 B CN108110431 B CN 108110431B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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Abstract
The invention relates to a reflecting surface installation adjusting method of a reflecting surface antenna, which comprises the steps of sequentially installing reflecting surface units, and carrying out primary adjustment after each reflecting surface unit is installed, so that the position precision of each reflecting surface unit meets the precision requirement of a preset position; after all the reflecting surface units are installed, shooting the reflecting surface by using a photographic measuring instrument to acquire data comprising the coding points and the measuring points of all the reflecting surface units, wherein the coding points and the measuring points are arranged on the surface of each reflecting surface unit; and adjusting according to the obtained adjustment quantity of the adjustment points of the reflecting surface unit until the surface precision of the reflecting surface reaches a preset precision requirement, wherein the adjustment quantity of the adjustment points is obtained by comparing measured data with theoretical data on computer software. By adopting the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the mounting and adjusting efficiency and the surface precision of the reflector antenna are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reflector antennas, in particular to a reflector installation adjusting method of a reflector antenna.
Background
A reflector antenna broadly refers to an antenna that forms a desired radiation pattern by the scattering effect of a reflector on electromagnetic waves. The surface precision of the reflecting surface is one of the main technical performance indexes of the antenna, and the electrical performance of the antenna is directly influenced.
The large-aperture reflector antenna is usually formed by splicing a plurality of panels, and each panel needs to be adjusted to ensure the surface precision of the reflector, so that the shape of the spliced reflector is matched with the shape of an ideal reflector.
In the traditional reflecting surface adjusting method, a worker adjusts the reflecting surface according to actually measured data by experience, the adjusting efficiency is low, and the precision of the reflecting surface cannot be ensured.
Although research on the problem exists at present, the method usually stays in a software simulation adjustment stage, and no solution for engineering practice is found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the traditional reflecting surface adjusting method of the multi-surface spliced reflecting surface antenna is low in efficiency and cannot ensure the precision of the reflecting surface.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a method for installing and adjusting a reflecting surface of a reflecting surface antenna comprises the following steps:
sequentially installing the reflecting surface units, and performing initial adjustment after each reflecting surface unit is installed, so that the position precision of each reflecting surface unit meets the precision requirement of a preset position;
after all the reflecting surface units are installed, shooting the reflecting surface by using a photographic measuring instrument to acquire data comprising the coding points and the measuring points of all the reflecting surface units, wherein the coding points and the measuring points are arranged on the surface of each reflecting surface unit;
and adjusting according to the obtained adjustment quantity of the adjustment points of the reflecting surface units until the surface accuracy of the reflecting surface reaches a preset accuracy requirement, wherein the adjustment quantity of the adjustment points is obtained by calculation according to the data comprising the coding points and the measuring points of each reflecting surface unit.
In the embodiment of the invention, the adjustment of the surface precision of the reflecting surface comprises two processes of primary adjustment and fine adjustment. The initial adjustment is carried out after the installation of each reflecting surface unit is finished, so that the deviation between the surface precision and an ideal value is not large after the installation of the reflecting surface is finished, and the follow-up multiple adjustments caused by overlarge initial deviation are avoided. After the reflecting surface is installed, the whole reflecting surface is shot and measured through the camera shooting measuring instrument, so that the adjustment quantity of the adjustment point is determined, and fine adjustment is carried out. The adjustment amount of the adjustment point is calculated according to actual measurement data, specifically, the actual measurement data is compared with ideal data, so that the deviation of the adjustment point is obtained.
Optionally, the preliminary adjustment performed after each reflecting surface unit is mounted includes:
after each reflecting surface unit is installed, shooting the reflecting surface unit by using a photogrammetric instrument to obtain data of N encoding points of the reflecting surface unit, wherein N is an integer not less than 2;
and adjusting the position of the reflecting surface according to the obtained adjustment amount of the adjustment point of the reflecting surface unit.
The camera measuring instrument is used for carrying out initial adjustment on each reflecting surface unit, and initial adjustment efficiency and initial adjustment precision can be improved.
Optionally, the first reflection surface unit is installed under the monitoring of the theodolite and used as a reference for installing the following antenna reflection surface unit, and before the reflection surface is shot by using the photogrammetric instrument, the method further comprises the following steps:
the soft scale positioning point of the reflecting surface unit is observed through the theodolite observation window, and the position of the reflecting surface unit is preliminarily adjusted, so that the soft scale positioning point meets a set value with the error of the instrument central point in the observation window.
Based on any of the above method embodiments, optionally, the reflecting surface unit is an antenna surface lobe.
Based on any of the above method embodiments, optionally, the performing of the preliminary adjustment after the installation of each reflecting surface unit includes: adjusting panel-back frame connecting bolts at each adjusting point of each reflecting surface unit after each reflecting surface unit is installed;
based on any of the above method embodiments, optionally, the adjusting according to the obtained adjustment amount of the adjustment point of the reflecting surface unit includes: and adjusting the panel-back frame connecting bolt at the adjusting point according to the obtained adjusting amount of the adjusting point of the reflecting surface unit.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a reflector installation and adjustment method of the reflector antenna, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring initial installation data of each reflecting surface unit, and calculating and outputting initial adjustment amount of an adjustment point of each reflecting surface unit according to the initial installation data of each reflecting surface unit so as to preliminarily adjust each reflecting surface unit one by one;
acquiring data of a complete reflecting surface shot by a photogrammetric instrument, wherein the data of the complete reflecting surface comprises data of coding points and measuring points of each reflecting surface unit, and the surface of each reflecting surface unit is provided with the coding points and the measuring points; and calculating and outputting the adjustment quantity of the adjustment points of the reflecting surface unit according to the data of the reflecting surface so as to carry out accurate adjustment according to the adjustment quantity until the surface accuracy of the reflecting surface meets the preset accuracy requirement.
Optionally, the acquiring initial installation data of each reflecting surface unit includes:
acquiring initial installation data of each reflecting surface unit shot by a photogrammetric instrument, wherein the initial installation data comprises data of N coding points of the reflecting surface unit, and N is an integer not less than 2.
Optionally, the calculating and outputting an initial adjustment amount of the adjustment point of each reflecting surface unit according to the initial installation data of each reflecting surface unit includes:
and respectively converting the initial installation data of each reflecting surface unit by a coordinate system, comparing the converted initial installation data with theoretical reflecting surface unit data, calculating the initial adjustment amount of the adjustment point of the reflecting surface unit according to the comparison result, and outputting the initial adjustment amount.
Alternatively to this, the first and second parts may,
the calculating and outputting the adjustment amount of the adjustment point of the reflecting surface unit according to the data of the complete reflecting surface comprises the following steps:
and converting the coordinate system of the data of the complete reflecting surface after the initial assembly, comparing the converted data of the reflecting surface with the theoretical reflecting surface data, calculating the adjustment amount of the adjustment point of the reflecting surface unit according to the comparison result and outputting the adjustment amount.
Optionally, the reflecting surface unit is an antenna surface lobe.
In the embodiment of the invention, the adjustment of the surface precision of the reflecting surface comprises two processes of primary adjustment and fine adjustment. The initial adjustment is carried out after the installation of each reflecting surface unit is finished, so that the deviation between the surface precision and an ideal value is not large after the installation of the reflecting surface is finished, and the follow-up multiple adjustments caused by overlarge initial deviation are avoided. After the reflecting surface is installed, the whole reflecting surface is shot and measured through the camera shooting measuring instrument, so that the adjustment quantity of the adjustment point is determined, and fine adjustment is carried out. The adjustment amount of the adjustment point is calculated according to actual measurement data, specifically, the actual measurement data is compared with ideal data, so that the deviation of the adjustment point is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method provided by one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method provided by another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a residual error map of the antenna panel measurement points RMS obtained by the method provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a reflection surface RMS measurement obtained based on a method provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description will explain embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The reflector antenna includes an antenna back frame, a reflector, and a support mechanism. To facilitate practical installation, the reflective surface is typically divided into tens or even hundreds of reflective panels. The single reflection panel is fixed on the antenna back frame through the supporting mechanism and finally spliced into a reflection surface with a specified shape. The supporting mechanism is used for connecting the reflecting panel and the antenna back frame and adjusting the position of the antenna panel.
According to different adjustment directions, the supporting mechanisms are divided into three types: a support mechanism for adjusting the normal direction of the reflective panel, a support mechanism for adjusting the circumferential direction of the reflective panel, and a support structure for changing the shape of the reflective panel by changing the curvature of the reflective panel. The most applied and simplest in engineering is a supporting mechanism for adjusting the normal direction of the reflecting panel, in particular, a spherical connecting rod mechanism is adopted as a supporting mechanism of a high-precision large-caliber reflecting surface antenna, and the mechanism takes a bolt as a main component.
The embodiment of the present invention will describe in detail a method for adjusting the installation of a reflecting surface antenna, taking the installation and adjustment of a high-precision large-aperture antenna using a spherical link mechanism as an example.
Specifically, 5 reflective panels (1 inner ring reflective panel, 2 middle ring reflective panel and 2 outer ring reflective panel) form 1 lobe antenna surface lobe, and 16 lobe antenna surface lobes form a complete reflective surface. The surface of each reflective panel has test points and code points, and preferably, each reflective panel has at least 4 test points and at least 1 code point.
First, starting from the implementation process of installation adjustment, a method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is described, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
101. sequentially installing the reflecting surface units, and performing initial adjustment after each reflecting surface unit is installed, so that the position precision of each reflecting surface unit meets the precision requirement of a preset position;
102. after all the reflecting surface units are installed, shooting the reflecting surfaces by using a photographic measuring instrument to acquire data comprising the coding points and the measuring points of all the reflecting surface units;
103. and adjusting according to the obtained adjustment quantity of the adjustment points of the reflecting surface units until the surface accuracy of the reflecting surface reaches a preset accuracy requirement, wherein the adjustment quantity of the adjustment points is obtained by calculation according to the data comprising the coding points and the measuring points of each reflecting surface unit.
In the embodiment of the invention, the adjustment of the surface precision of the reflecting surface comprises two processes of primary adjustment and fine adjustment. The initial adjustment is carried out after the installation of each reflecting surface unit is finished, so that the deviation between the surface precision and an ideal value is not large after the installation of the reflecting surface is finished, and the follow-up multiple adjustments caused by overlarge initial deviation are avoided. After the reflecting surface is installed, the whole reflecting surface is shot and measured through the camera shooting measuring instrument, so that the adjustment quantity of the adjustment point is determined, and fine adjustment is carried out. The adjustment amount of the adjustment point is calculated according to actual measurement data, specifically, the actual measurement data is compared with ideal data, so that the deviation of the adjustment point is obtained.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the reflecting surface unit may be an antenna surface lobe.
Correspondingly, in the foregoing 101, the mounting of the reflection surface unit specifically refers to mounting of the antenna surface lobe. The embodiment of the invention does not limit the installation mode of the antenna surface lobe, and the following description is only given by way of example:
installing an inner ring reflection panel: fixing the position between the radiation beam and the truss according to the position of the panel hole, then bringing a first type bolt, and positioning an adjusting rod in the center of each hole of the panel; placing a panel adjusting sheet, adjusting the size of the bolt according to a panel-back frame connecting bolt preassembly size table, finely adjusting the spherical washer a and the conical washer a by using a nut to enable the size of the connecting bolt to meet the requirement, spot-welding the adjusting sheet at the adjusted position, and fastening the first type bolt by using the nut. Then, a second-type bolt is installed, the spherical washer a and the conical washer a are finely adjusted by nuts, and the second-type bolt is fastened by the nuts after the position is adjusted.
Installing a middle ring reflection panel: fixing the position between the radiation beam and the truss according to the position of the panel hole, then carrying a second type bolt, and adjusting the rod to the center of each hole of the panel; placing a panel adjusting sheet, adjusting the size of the bolt according to a panel-back frame connecting bolt preassembly size table, finely adjusting the spherical washer a and the conical washer a by using a nut to enable the size of the connecting bolt to meet the requirement, spot-welding the adjusting sheet at the adjusted position, and fastening the second-type bolt by using the nut. And then, mounting a third type bolt, finely adjusting the spherical washer a and the conical washer a by using a nut, and fastening the third type bolt by using the nut after the position is adjusted.
Installing an outer ring reflection panel: fixing the position between the radiation beam and the truss according to the position of the panel hole, and then bringing a third type bolt adjusting rod to the center of each hole of the panel; (relating to high-altitude operation, needing personnel to put up a scaffold and move and install the scaffold at the same time), placing a panel adjusting sheet, adjusting the size of the bolt according to a panel-back frame connecting bolt preassembly size table, finely adjusting a spherical washer a and a conical washer a by using a nut to ensure that the size of the connecting bolt meets the requirement, spot-welding the adjusting sheet at the adjusted position, and fastening a bolt of a third type by using the nut.
In the installation process, gaps among all the reflecting panels need to be uniform, the main surface is observed integrally, the panels are not suitable, the orientation of the panels is adjusted and loosened, the panels are adjusted in a moving mode, the gaps among the panels are less than 5mm, and the panels need to be slotted. The method comprises the following steps: the ring and the vertical seam are controlled to be 5 mm; and observing each adjusting rod, wherein the adjusting rods are required to be vertical to the panel, and if the adjusting rods are not vertical, the repairing and the matching of a fitter are finished, so that the adjusting rods are prevented from being used obliquely.
And when one lobe of antenna surface lobe is installed, initially adjusting the antenna surface lobe.
The purpose of initial adjustment is to enable the position accuracy of the antenna surface lobe to meet the requirement of the accuracy of a preset position so as to reduce the subsequent adjustment times. In the embodiment of the invention, the initial adjustment modes of the antenna surface lobe are various, and can be adjusted by workers according to experience or by means of instruments.
The implementation of the initial adjustment by means of the instrument may be:
shooting an antenna surface lobe by using a photogrammetric instrument to obtain data of N (for example, N is 2) coding points of the antenna surface lobe;
and adjusting the position of the antenna surface lobe according to the obtained adjustment quantity of the adjustment point of the antenna surface lobe, so that the position precision of the antenna surface lobe reaches the requirement of the precision of a preset position (in the embodiment, the position error of the antenna surface lobe is less than or equal to 0.3 mm).
In the embodiment of the invention, the position of the antenna face lobe is adjusted by adjusting the height of the panel-back frame connecting bolt.
Preferably, a first reflection surface unit is installed under the knowledge of the theodolite and serves as a later reflection surface unit installation reference, before the reflection surface unit is shot by using the shooting measuring instrument, a soft scale positioning point of the reflection surface unit is observed through a theodolite observation window, and the position of the reflection surface unit is preliminarily adjusted (for example, the adjustment is realized by adjusting the height size of a panel-back frame connecting bolt), so that the error between the soft scale positioning point and the instrument central point in the observation window is smaller than a set value (for example, the error is less than or equal to 0.5 mm).
Correspondingly, the specific implementation manner of the above-mentioned step 103 is to adjust the panel-back frame bolt at the adjustment point according to the adjustment amount of each adjustment point until the antenna profile accuracy reaches RMS (Root-Mean-Square) less than or equal to 0.3 mm.
The following describes a method provided by an embodiment of the present invention, starting from a computer processing process, as shown in fig. 2, the method includes:
201. acquiring initial installation data of each reflecting surface unit, and calculating and outputting initial adjustment amount of an adjustment point of each reflecting surface unit according to the initial installation data of each reflecting surface unit so as to preliminarily adjust each reflecting surface unit one by one;
202. acquiring data of a complete reflecting surface shot by a photogrammetric instrument, wherein the data of the complete reflecting surface comprises data of coding points and measuring points of each reflecting surface unit, and the surface of each reflecting surface unit is provided with the coding points and the measuring points; and calculating and outputting the adjustment quantity of the adjustment points of the reflecting surface unit according to the data of the reflecting surface so as to carry out accurate adjustment according to the adjustment quantity until the surface accuracy of the reflecting surface meets the preset accuracy requirement.
In the embodiment of the invention, the adjustment of the surface precision of the reflecting surface comprises two processes of primary adjustment and fine adjustment. The initial adjustment is carried out after the installation of each reflecting surface unit is finished, so that the deviation between the surface precision and an ideal value is not large after the installation of the reflecting surface is finished, and the follow-up multiple adjustments caused by overlarge initial deviation are avoided. After the reflecting surface is installed, the whole reflecting surface is shot and measured through the camera shooting measuring instrument, so that the adjustment quantity of the adjustment point is determined, and fine adjustment is carried out. The adjustment amount of the adjustment point is calculated according to actual measurement data, specifically, the actual measurement data is compared with ideal data, so that the deviation of the adjustment point is obtained.
In the embodiment of the present invention, there are various implementation manners for acquiring the initial installation data of each reflecting surface unit, for example: acquiring initial installation data of each reflecting surface unit shot by a photogrammetric instrument, wherein the initial installation data comprises data of N coding points of the reflecting surface unit, and N is an integer not less than 2. Of course, the initial installation data may also be entered manually by the installer.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a specific implementation manner of calculating and outputting the adjustment amount of the adjustment point of the reflecting surface unit according to the data of the complete reflecting surface may be: and converting the preliminarily assembled data of the complete reflecting surface into a coordinate system (for example, converting the measured coordinate system into an antenna coordinate system), comparing the converted data of the reflecting surface with the theoretical reflecting surface data, and calculating and outputting the adjustment amount of the adjustment point of the reflecting surface unit according to the comparison result.
The data of the reflecting surface is the coded data of the coded points on the reflecting surface, and the coordinate positions of the coded points and the measuring points, etc.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the implementation manner of calculating and outputting the initial adjustment amount of the adjustment point of each reflecting surface unit according to the initial installation data of each reflecting surface unit may be: and respectively converting the initial mounting data of each reflecting surface unit into a coordinate system (for example, converting from a measurement coordinate system into an antenna coordinate system), comparing the converted initial mounting data with theoretical reflecting surface unit data, and calculating and outputting the initial adjustment amount of the adjustment point of the reflecting surface unit according to the comparison result.
The embodiment of the present invention does not limit the specific calculation method of the adjustment amount.
The reflecting surface unit can be an antenna surface lobe or a reflecting panel.
In the actual installation and adjustment process, the above 202 may be executed for many times until the profile accuracy of the antenna reaches RMS less than or equal to 0.3 mm. The detailed data is recorded as shown in fig. 3 and 4.
It should be noted that the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applicable to the adjustment of the reflector installation of various reflector antennas that need to be spliced, and is not limited to the reflector antenna illustrated.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for installing and adjusting a reflecting surface of a reflecting surface antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sequentially installing reflecting surface units, and shooting the reflecting surface units by using a photographic measuring instrument after each reflecting surface unit is installed so as to obtain data of coding points of the reflecting surface units; calculating according to the data of the coding points to obtain the adjustment quantity of the adjustment points of the reflecting surface units, and adjusting the positions of the reflecting surface units according to the adjustment quantity of the adjustment points so that the position precision of each reflecting surface unit meets the precision requirement of a preset position;
after all the reflecting surface units are installed, shooting the reflecting surface by using a photographic measuring instrument to acquire data comprising the coding points and the measuring points of all the reflecting surface units, wherein the coding points and the measuring points are arranged on the surface of each reflecting surface unit;
and adjusting according to the obtained adjustment quantity of the adjustment points of the reflecting surface units until the surface accuracy of the reflecting surface reaches a preset accuracy requirement, wherein the adjustment quantity of the adjustment points is obtained by calculation according to the data comprising the coding points and the measuring points of each reflecting surface unit.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of the coding points is N, and N is an integer not less than 2.
3. The method of claim 2,
installing a first one of the reflecting surface units under the surveillance of the theodolite and as a subsequent antenna reflecting surface unit installation reference, the method further comprising, before photographing the reflecting surface with the photogrammetric instrument:
the soft scale positioning point of the reflecting surface unit is observed through the theodolite observation window, and the position of the reflecting surface unit is preliminarily adjusted, so that the soft scale positioning point meets a set value with the error of the instrument central point in the observation window.
4. A method according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the reflecting surface elements are antenna surface lobes.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the preliminary adjustment is carried out after each reflecting surface unit is installed, and the preliminary adjustment comprises the following steps: adjusting panel-back frame connecting bolts at each adjusting point of each reflecting surface unit after each reflecting surface unit is installed;
the adjusting according to the obtained adjusting amount of the adjusting point of the reflecting surface unit includes: and adjusting the panel-back frame connecting bolt at the adjusting point according to the obtained adjusting amount of the adjusting point of the reflecting surface unit.
6. A method for installing and adjusting a reflecting surface of a reflecting surface antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring initial installation data of each reflecting surface unit, and calculating and outputting initial adjustment amount of an adjustment point of each reflecting surface unit according to the initial installation data of each reflecting surface unit so as to preliminarily adjust each reflecting surface unit one by one;
acquiring data of a complete reflecting surface shot by a photogrammetric instrument, wherein the data of the complete reflecting surface comprises data of coding points and measuring points of each reflecting surface unit, and the surface of each reflecting surface unit is provided with the coding points and the measuring points; and calculating and outputting the adjustment quantity of the adjustment points of the reflecting surface unit according to the data of the reflecting surface so as to carry out accurate adjustment according to the adjustment quantity until the surface accuracy of the reflecting surface meets the preset accuracy requirement.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said obtaining initial installation data for each reflector unit comprises:
acquiring initial installation data of each reflecting surface unit shot by a photogrammetric instrument, wherein the initial installation data comprises data of N coding points of the reflecting surface unit, and N is an integer not less than 2.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein calculating and outputting an initial adjustment amount of the adjustment point of each reflecting surface unit based on initial installation data of the respective reflecting surface units, respectively, comprises:
and respectively converting the initial installation data of each reflecting surface unit by a coordinate system, comparing the converted initial installation data with theoretical reflecting surface unit data, calculating the initial adjustment amount of the adjustment point of the reflecting surface unit according to the comparison result, and outputting the initial adjustment amount.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein calculating and outputting the adjustment amount of the adjustment point of the reflecting surface unit according to the data of the complete reflecting surface comprises:
and converting the coordinate system of the data of the complete reflecting surface after the initial assembly, comparing the converted data of the reflecting surface with the theoretical reflecting surface data, calculating the adjustment amount of the adjustment point of the reflecting surface unit according to the comparison result and outputting the adjustment amount.
10. The method according to any of claims 6 to 9, wherein the reflective surface elements are antenna surface lobes.
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| CN108205146B (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2022-06-17 | 航天天绘科技有限公司 | Navigation satellite rapid satellite finding and orbit determination method based on ground receiver |
| CN110233355B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2021-06-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十九研究所 | Installation and adjustment method for large antenna beam waveguide reflecting surface |
| CN114295049B (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-11-03 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十九研究所 | Antenna reflector space geometric relation calibration method and device |
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