CN107849444A - 用于电子器件的化合物 - Google Patents
用于电子器件的化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107849444A CN107849444A CN201680044664.5A CN201680044664A CN107849444A CN 107849444 A CN107849444 A CN 107849444A CN 201680044664 A CN201680044664 A CN 201680044664A CN 107849444 A CN107849444 A CN 107849444A
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 107
- -1 phenanthrene compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 72
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 66
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10,10-dioxo-2-[4-(N-phenylanilino)phenyl]thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound O=C1c2ccccc2S(=O)(=O)c2ccc(cc12)-c1ccc(cc1)N(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 claims 1
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenanthrene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CYSPWCARDHRYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9h-fluoren-1-amine Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2CC2=C1C=CC=C2N CYSPWCARDHRYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000004646 sulfenyl group Chemical group S(*)* 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 7
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- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 6
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Benz(a)anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=CC2=C1 DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 4
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- PJULCNAVAGQLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indeno[2,1-a]fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C4=CC=C3C2=C1 PJULCNAVAGQLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical group C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical class COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolo[3,2-c]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC3=C4C5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C=CC3=C21 VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000904 isoindolyl group Chemical class C=1(NC=C2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 description 3
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- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
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- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004001 thioalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005034 trifluormethylthio group Chemical group FC(S*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWYVVBKROXXHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[3-(1-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsilol-1-yl)propyl]azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)CCC[Si]1(C)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 PWYVVBKROXXHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002061 vacuum sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical group COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C15/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts
- C07C15/20—Polycyclic condensed hydrocarbons
- C07C15/27—Polycyclic condensed hydrocarbons containing three rings
- C07C15/30—Phenanthrenes
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- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B59/00—Introduction of isotopes of elements into organic compounds ; Labelled organic compounds per se
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- C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C255/49—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
- C07C255/50—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
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- C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C43/02—Ethers
- C07C43/257—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to carbon atoms both belonging to six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C43/275—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to carbon atoms both belonging to six-membered aromatic rings having all ether-oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing only one pyridine ring
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- C07D235/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
- C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
- C07D235/18—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with aryl radicals directly attached in position 2
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- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom
- C07D251/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom to three ring carbon atoms
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- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/91—Dibenzofurans; Hydrogenated dibenzofurans
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/626—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing more than one polycyclic condensed aromatic rings, e.g. bis-anthracene
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- C07C2603/04—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings
- C07C2603/22—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing only six-membered rings
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- C07C2603/40—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing four condensed rings
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Abstract
本申请涉及特定式(I)的菲化合物,它们在电子器件中的用途,包含所述菲化合物的电子器件,以及用于合成此类菲化合物的方法。
Description
本申请涉及下文进一步定义的特定结构的菲化合物,并且涉及这种化合物在电子器件中,特别是在有机电致发光器件(OLED)中的用途。此外,本申请涉及包括所述菲化合物的电子器件的具体实施方式,以及用于合成所述菲化合物的方法。
根据本发明,术语电子器件被认为通常是指包括有机材料的电子器件。这些优选被认为是指包括在本申请中稍后公开的有机材料的OLED和电子器件的一些其它实施方式。
OLED的一般结构和功能原理是本领域普通技术人员已知的并且尤其在US4539507、US 5151629、EP 0676461和WO 1998/27136中进行了描述。
关于电子器件的性能数据,特别是考虑到例如在显示器中或作为光源的广泛商业用途,进一步的改进是必要的。在这方面特别重要的是电子器件的寿命、效率和工作电压以及所达到的色值。
特别是在发蓝光的OLED的情况下,在器件寿命、效率和发射光的颜色坐标方面有改进的潜力。
实现这些改进的重要起点是在OLED的发光层中使用的基质材料的选择。这里,术语基质材料被理解为是指如下的材料,其在OLED工作期间不发光并且与至少一种发光材料一起存在于OLED的发光层中。
在现有技术中,已知如WO 2009/100925中所公开的3-菲基蒽化合物非常适合用作OLED中的基质材料。
然而,仍然需要这样的基质材料,其在用于OLED的发光层中时显示出优异的性能数据,特别是关于寿命、效率和发射光的色值显示出优异的性能数据。
此外,需要新型电子传输材料,其特别是用于OLED的电子传输层中。
此时已出乎意料地发现,如下的菲化合物特别是当用作基质材料或电子传输材料时,在寿命、效率和发射光的颜色坐标方面显示出非常有利的性质,该菲化合物具有键合到菲9位处的芳基或杂芳基基团,该菲化合物又在菲3位处键合到9,10-亚蒽基部分,并且具有键合到所述亚蒽基部分的另一侧的特定芳基或杂芳基基团。
因此,本发明的目的是一种式(I)化合物
其中所述菲基团可在自由位置处被基团R3取代,并且所述蒽基团可在自由位置处被基团R4取代,并且
其中以下适用于存在的变量:
Ar1选自具有6至10个芳族环原子的芳基基团,所述芳基基团可被基团R1取代,或具有5至18个芳族环原子的杂芳基基团,所述杂芳基基团可被基团R1取代;
Ar2选自苯基,所述苯基可被基团R2取代,或1-萘基,所述1-萘基可被基团R2取代,或具有13至30个芳族环原子的芳族环系,所述芳族环系可被基团R2取代,或具有5至30个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系,所述杂芳族环系可被基团R2取代;
R1、R2、R4在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,C(=O)R5,CN,Si(R5)3,N(R5)2,P(=O)(R5)2,OR5,S(=O)R5,S(=O)2R5,具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有2至20个C原子的烯基或炔基基团,具有6至40个芳族环原子的芳族环系,或具有5至40个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系;其中两个或更多个基团R1、R2或R4可彼此连接以成环;其中所述烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基基团以及所述芳族和杂芳族环系在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R5取代,并且其中所述烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基基团中的一个或多个CH2基团在每种情况下可被-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、NR5、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2代替;
R3在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,或具有2至20个C原子的烯基或炔基基团,其中两个或更多个基团R3可彼此连接以成环;其中所述烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基基团在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R5取代,并且其中所述烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基基团中的一个或多个CH2基团在每种情况下可被-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、NR5、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2代替;
R5在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,C(=O)R6,CN,Si(R6)3,N(R6)2,P(=O)(R6)2,OR6,S(=O)R6,S(=O)2R6,具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有2至20个C原子的烯基或炔基基团,具有6至40个芳族环原子的芳族环系,或具有5至40个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系;其中所述烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基基团以及所述芳族和杂芳族环系在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R6取代,并且其中所述烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基基团中的一个或多个CH2基团在每种情况下可被-R6C=CR6-、-C≡C-、Si(R6)2、C=O、C=NR6、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR6-、NR6、P(=O)(R6)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2代替;
R6在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,具有1至20个C原子的烷基基团,具有6至40个C原子的芳族环系,或具有5至40个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系,其中所述烷基基团、芳族环系和杂芳族环系可被F和CN取代。
以下定义适用于化学基团作为一般定义。它们仅在未给出更具体定义的情况下适用。
本发明意义上的芳基基团含有6至40个芳族环原子,其中没有一个是杂原子。这里的芳基基团被认为是指简单的芳族环例如苯,或稠合芳族多环例如萘、菲或蒽。本申请意义上的稠合芳族多环由两个或更多个彼此稠合的简单芳族环组成。
本发明意义上的杂芳基基团含有5至40个芳族环原子,其中至少一个是杂原子。所述杂原子优选选自N、O和S。这里的杂芳基基团被认为是指简单的杂芳族环如吡啶、嘧啶或噻吩,或者稠合的杂芳族多环如喹啉或咔唑。本申请意义上的稠合杂芳族多环由两个或更多个彼此稠合的简单杂芳族环组成。
在每种情况下可被上述基团取代并且可经由任何希望的位置与芳族或杂芳族环系连接的芳基或杂芳基基团,特别被认为是指衍生于如下物质的基团:苯、萘、蒽、菲、芘、二氢芘、苝、荧蒽、苯并蒽、苯并菲、并四苯、并五苯、苯并芘、呋喃、苯并呋喃、异苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、异苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、异吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉、吖啶、菲啶、苯并-5,6-喹啉、苯并-6,7-喹啉、苯并-7,8-喹啉、吩噻嗪、吩嗪、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑、菲并咪唑、吡啶并咪唑、吡嗪并咪唑、喹喔啉并咪唑、唑、苯并唑、萘并唑、蒽并唑、菲并唑、异唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、哒嗪、苯并哒嗪、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹喔啉、吡嗪、吩嗪、萘啶、氮杂咔唑、苯并咔啉、菲咯啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯并三唑、1,2,3-二唑、1,2,4-二唑、1,2,5-二唑、1,3,4-二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三嗪、1,2,4-三嗪、1,2,3-三嗪、四唑、1,2,4,5-四嗪、1,2,3,4-四嗪、1,2,3,5-四嗪、嘌呤、蝶啶、吲嗪和苯并噻二唑。
本发明意义上的芳族环系在环系中含有6至40个C原子,并且不包含任何杂原子作为芳族环原子。因此,本申请意义上的芳族环系不包含任何杂芳基基团。本发明意义上的芳族环系旨在被认为是指如下的体系,其不必仅包含芳基基团,而是其中多个芳基基团还可通过非芳族单元连接,所述非芳族单元例如是一个或多个任选取代的C、Si、N、O或S原子。在这种情况下,相对于整个芳族环系的非H原子总数,所述非芳族单元优选包含不到10%的非H原子。因此,例如,和其中两个或更多个芳基基团例如通过直链或环状的烷基、烯基或炔基基团或通过甲硅烷基基团连接的体系一样,诸如9,9'-螺二芴、9,9'-二芳基芴、三芳基胺、二芳基醚和茋的体系同样旨在被认为是在本发明意义上的芳族环系。此外,其中两个或更多个芳基基团通过单键彼此连接的体系,例如,诸如联苯和三联苯的体系,也被认为是在本发明意义上的芳族环系。
本发明意义上的杂芳族环系含有5至40个芳族环原子,其中至少一个是杂原子。所述杂原子优选选自N、O或S。杂芳族环系定义为上述芳族环系,不同之处在于它必须获得至少一个杂原子作为芳族环原子之一。因此它不同于根据本申请的定义的芳族环系,所述芳族环系不能包含任何杂原子作为芳族环原子。
具有6至40个芳族环原子的芳族环系或具有5至40个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系特别是如下的基团,其衍生自上述芳基或杂芳基基团,或衍生自联苯、三联苯、四联苯、芴、螺二芴、二氢菲、二氢芘、四氢芘、茚并芴、三聚茚、异三聚茚、螺三聚茚、螺异三聚茚和茚并咔唑。
出于本发明的目的,其中单独的H原子或CH2基团还可被上文在所述基团定义下提及的基团取代的具有1至20个C原子的直链烷基基团或者具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基基团或者具有2至20个C原子的烯基或炔基基团,优选被认为是指如下的基团:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、2-甲基丁基、正戊基、仲戊基、环戊基、新戊基、正己基、环己基、新己基、正庚基、环庚基、正辛基、环辛基、2-乙基己基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、环戊烯基、己烯基、环己烯基、庚烯基、环庚烯基、辛烯基、环辛烯基、乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基或辛炔基。
具有1至20个C原子的烷氧基或硫代烷基基团优选被认为是指甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基、仲戊氧基、2-甲基丁氧基、正己氧基、环己氧基、正庚氧基、环庚氧基、正辛氧基、环辛氧基、2-乙基己氧基、五氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基、异丙硫基、正丁硫基、异丁硫基、仲丁硫基、叔丁硫基、正戊硫基、仲戊硫基、正己硫基、环己硫基、正庚硫基、环庚硫基、正辛硫基、环辛硫基、2-乙基己硫基、三氟甲硫基、五氟乙硫基、2,2,2-三氟乙硫基、乙烯硫基、丙烯硫基、丁烯硫基、戊烯硫基、环戊烯硫基、己烯硫基、环己烯硫基、庚烯硫基、环庚烯硫基、辛烯硫基、环辛烯硫基、乙炔硫基、丙炔硫基、丁炔硫基、戊炔硫基、己炔硫基、庚炔硫基或辛炔硫基。
关于如上所述基团R1至R4彼此之间允许存在的成环,在这种情况下优选的是,两个或更多个基团R1至R4形成稠合的脂族五元环或六元环,例如在苯基基团上的两个烷基基团的情况下成环以产生茚满,特别是六甲基茚满;或者键合到一个且同一个原子的两个基团R2或R4成环,例如在芴上的9位和9'位处的两个基团的情况下成环并因此形成螺环基团。
基团Ar1优选是苯基或萘基基团,其可以各自被一个或多个基团R1取代。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,基团R1在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,Si(R5)3,具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有6至40个芳族环原子的芳族环系,或具有5至40个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系;其中所述烷基和烷氧基基团或者芳族或杂芳族环系在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R5取代,并且其中所述烷基和烷氧基基团中的一个或多个CH2基团在每种情况下可被-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、NR5、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2代替。两个或更多个基团R1可彼此连接并成环。在这种情况下,优选形成稠合的脂族五元环或六元环,例如在苯基基团上的两个烷基基团的情况下成环以产生茚满,特别是六甲基茚满;或者键合到一个且同一个原子的两个基团R1成环,例如在芴上的9位和9'位处的两个基团的情况下成环并因此形成螺环基团。
特别优选地,基团R1在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,Si(R5)3,具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,或具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团;其中所述烷基和烷氧基基团在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R5取代。
作为基团Ar2的优选芳族环系选自苯基、1-萘基、芴基、苯并芴基、茚并芴基、螺二芴基、苯并茚并芴基、菲基、蒽基、芘基、苯并蒽基和苯并菲基,所述基团各自任选被一个或多个基团R2取代。特别优选作为基团Ar2的芳族环系选自芴、苯并芴、茚并芴、螺二芴和苯并茚并芴,所述基团各自任选被一个或多个基团R2取代。
基团Ar2优选是苯基基团,所述苯基基团可被基团R2取代,或具有5至18个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系,所述杂芳族环系可被基团R2取代。特别优选地,Ar2是苯基基团,所述苯基基团可被基团R2取代,优选未被取代。优选作为基团Ar2的杂芳族环系选自呋喃基、苯并呋喃基、异苯并呋喃基、二苯并呋喃基、噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、异苯并噻吩基、二苯并噻吩基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、咔唑基、吲哚并咔唑基、茚并咔唑基、吡啶基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、吖啶基、菲啶基、苯并咪唑基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基和三嗪基,所述基团各自任选被基团R2取代。
在一个替代性的同样优选的实施方式中,Ar2是1-萘基,所述基团可被基团R2取代。
优选地,基团R2和R4在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,Si(R5)3,具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有6至40个芳族环原子的芳族环系,或具有5至40个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系;其中所述烷基和烷氧基基团或者芳族或杂芳族环系在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R5取代,并且其中所述烷基和烷氧基基团中的一个或多个CH2基团在每种情况下可被-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、NR5、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2代替。两个或更多个基团R2或R4可彼此连接并成环。在这种情况下,优选形成稠合的脂族五元环或六元环,例如在苯基基团上的两个烷基基团的情况下成环以产生茚满,特别是六甲基茚满;或者键合到一个且同一个原子的两个基团R2或R4成环,例如在芴上的9位和9'位处的两个基团的情况下成环并因此形成螺环基团。
在基团R2连接到基团Ar2(其为苯基)的情况下,优选的是所述基团R2在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,Si(R5)3,具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,或具有5至20个芳族环原子的杂芳基基团;其中所述烷基和烷氧基和杂芳基基团在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R5取代,并且其中所述烷基和烷氧基基团中的一个或多个CH2基团在每种情况下可被-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、NR5、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2代替。
基团R3优选在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,或具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,其中所述烷基或烷氧基基团在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R5取代。更优选地,基团R3选自H和D。特别优选地,式(I)中的菲基团不具有任何取代基R3。
基团R5优选在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,Si(R6)3,具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有6至40个芳族环原子的芳族环系,或具有5至40个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系;其中所述烷基或烷氧基基团以及所述芳族或杂芳族环系在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R6取代。
根据式(I)的化合物的优选实施方式对应于下式(I-1)和(I-2)
其中所述菲基团可在自由位置处被基团R3取代,并且所述蒽基团可在自由位置处被基团R4取代,并且所述苯基基团可在自由位置处被基团R2取代,并且
其中存在的变量如上文所限定的,并且:
Ar2Het是具有5至18个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系,所述杂芳族环系可被基团R2取代。
式(I-2)化合物特别适合作为OLED中的电子传输化合物。
优选地,Ar2Het选自呋喃基、苯并呋喃基、异苯并呋喃基、二苯并呋喃基、噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、异苯并噻吩基、二苯并噻吩基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、咔唑基、吲哚并咔唑基、茚并咔唑基、吡啶基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、吖啶基、菲啶基、苯并咪唑基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基和三嗪基,所述基团可各自被基团R2取代。
优选地,在式(I-1)中,所述苯基基团未被取代或被基团R2取代,所述基团R2相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,Si(R5)3,具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,或具有5至20个芳族环原子的杂芳基基团;其中所述烷基和烷氧基和杂芳基基团在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R5取代,并且其中所述烷基和烷氧基基团中的一个或多个CH2基团在每种情况下可被-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、NR5、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2代替。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方式中,在式(I-1)中,所述苯基基团被一个或多个、优选一个具有5至20个芳族环原子的杂芳基基团取代,所述杂芳基基团可被一个或多个基团R5取代。所述化合物特别适合作为OLED中的电子传输化合物。
此外,优选地,在式(I-1)和(I-2)中,所述菲基基团不具有任何取代基R3。
特别优选地,在式(I-1)和/或式(I-2)中,基团Ar1选自苯基和萘基,所述基团可各自被基团R1取代。
此外,上文关于式(I)列出的可变基团的所有优选实施方式同样适用于式(I-1)和(I-2)。
以下化合物是根据式(I)的化合物的实施例:
所述化合物可以使用已知的有机化学合成方法如卤化、Suzuki偶联和Sonogashira偶联来制备。在下面所示的方案中,R代表H或任何有机基团。
根据式(I)的化合物通过以下两个步骤来制备:1)合成芳基取代的菲部分(方案1),和2)使该芳基取代的菲部分与蒽衍生物偶联(方案2)。所述蒽衍生物优选是在9位处被反应性基团,优选卤素基团取代的蒽。在另一个步骤中,偶联的菲基-蒽可依次通过卤化反应和Suzuki偶联在蒽的10位处被进一步取代(方案2的下部所示的路线)。
上述步骤1)的优选的详细合成顺序如下:在Sonogashira偶联中使芳基-炔烃衍生物与三卤素取代的苯基基团偶联。然后使所得到的炔基-苯基中间体在所述炔基-苯基中间体的苯基部分上的剩余卤素取代位置之一处与苯基基团在Suzuki反应中反应。然后所得化合物进行碳环化反应,优选通过加热和通过金属离子诱导,更优选通过加热并在三氟甲磺酸铁(III)化合物存在下进行。然后将所得的芳基取代的菲进一步转化成相应的硼酸酯衍生物。
方案1
上述步骤2)的优选的详细合成顺序如下:
使步骤1)中获得的菲硼酸酯与蒽衍生物在Suzuki偶联中反应。在该步骤的一个优选的替代方案中,利用在10位处未被取代的9-卤素取代的蒽进行Suzuki偶联(方案2的下部的路线)。在这种情况下,偶联产物随后溴化,然后在蒽部分的10位处进行Suzuki偶联。在该步骤的第二优选替代方案中,利用已在10位处取代的9-卤素取代的蒽进行Suzuki偶联(方案2的上部的路线)。在这种情况下,直接获得根据式(I)的化合物。该反应所需的在10位处取代的9-卤素取代的蒽可以如下文方案3中所示获得。
方案2
方案3
用于制备根据式(I)的化合物的方法因此是本发明的另一个实施方式。
所述制备方法的特征在于
-通过包括过渡金属催化的偶联反应和碳环化反应的顺序制备芳基取代的菲衍生物,和
-使这种芳基取代的菲衍生物与蒽衍生物在过渡金属催化的偶联反应中偶联。
这种方法的优选实施方式是上述方法。
上文所述的根据本发明的化合物,特别是被反应性离去基团例如溴、碘、氯、硼酸或硼酸酯取代的化合物,可以用作单体以生产相应的低聚物、树枝状大分子或聚合物。合适的反应性离去基团例如是溴,碘,氯,硼酸,硼酸酯,胺,具有末端碳碳双键或碳碳三键的烯基或炔基基团,环氧乙烷,氧杂环丁烷,进行环加成例如1,3-偶极环加成的基团(例如二烯或叠氮化物),羧酸衍生物,醇和硅烷。
因此,本发明还涉及如下的低聚物、聚合物或树枝状大分子,其含有一种或多种式(I)化合物,其中一个或多个键合至所述聚合物、低聚物或树枝状大分子的键可位于式(I)中被R1、R2、R3或R4取代的任何希望的位置处。取决于所述式(I)化合物的连接,所述化合物是低聚物或聚合物的侧链的组成部分,或者是主链的组成部分。在本发明意义上的低聚物被认为是指由至少三个单体单元构建的化合物。在本发明意义上的聚合物被认为是指由至少十个单体单元构建的化合物。根据本发明的聚合物、低聚物或树枝状大分子可以是共轭、部分共轭或非共轭的。根据本发明的低聚物或聚合物可以是线性的、分枝的或树枝状的。在以线性方式连接的结构中,式(I)的单元可直接地相互连接,或者它们可经由二价基团相互连接,例如经由被取代或未被取代的亚烷基基团,经由杂原子,或者经由二价的芳族或杂芳族基团连接。在分枝和树枝状的结构中,例如,三个或更多个式(I)的单元可以经由三价或多价基团连接,例如经由三价或多价的芳族或杂芳族基团连接,以形成分枝或树枝状的低聚物或聚合物。
如上文关于式(I)化合物所述的相同优选特征适用于在低聚物、树枝状大分子和聚合物中的式(I)的重复单元。
为制备所述低聚物或聚合物,使根据本发明的单体进行均聚或与另外的单体进行共聚。合适且优选的共聚单体选自芴(例如根据EP842208或WO 00/22026的),螺二芴(例如根据EP 707020、EP 894107或WO 06/061181的),对亚苯基(例如根据WO 1992/18552的),咔唑(例如根据WO 04/070772或WO 2004/113468的),噻吩(例如根据EP1028136的),二氢菲(例如根据WO 2005/014689或WO 2007/006383的),顺式-和反式-茚并芴(例如根据WO2004/041901或WO2004/113412的),酮(例如根据WO WO 2005/040302的),菲(例如根据WO2005/104264或WO 2007/017066的),还有多种这些单元。所述聚合物、低聚物和树枝状大分子通常还包含其它单元,例如发光的(发荧光的或发磷光的)单元例如乙烯基三芳基胺(例如根据WO 2007/068325的)或者发磷光的金属络合物(例如根据WO 2006/003000的),和/或电荷传输单元,特别是基于三芳基胺的那些单元。
根据本发明的聚合物和低聚物通常通过聚合一种或多种类型的单体来制备,其中的至少一种单体导致在所述聚合物中产生式(I)的重复单元。合适的聚合反应为本领域普通技术人员所已知并且描述于文献中。特别合适且优选的导致C-C或C-N连接的聚合反应是以下反应:
(A)SUZUKI聚合;
(B)YAMAMOTO聚合;
(C)STILLE聚合;和
(D)HARTWIG-BUCHWALD聚合。
其中可通过这些方法进行聚合的方法和其中可随后从反应介质中分离出聚合物并提纯的方法是本领域普通技术人员所已知的,并且详细地描述于文献中,例如WO 2003/048225、WO 2004/037887和WO2004/037887中。
为了从液相处理根据本发明的化合物,例如通过旋涂或通过印刷工艺进行处理,根据本发明的化合物的制剂是必要的。这些制剂可以例如是溶液、分散体或乳液。出于这个目的,可优选使用两种或更多种溶剂的混合物。合适且优选的溶剂例如是甲苯,苯甲醚,邻二甲苯、间二甲苯或对二甲苯,苯甲酸甲酯,均三甲基苯,萘满,邻二甲氧苯,THF,甲基-THF,THP,氯苯,二烷,苯氧基甲苯,特别是3-苯氧基甲苯,(-)-葑酮,1,2,3,5-四甲基苯,1,2,4,5-四甲基苯,1-甲基萘,2-甲基苯并噻唑,2-苯氧基乙醇,2-吡咯烷酮,3-甲基苯甲醚,4-甲基苯甲醚,3,4-二甲基苯甲醚,3,5-二甲基苯甲醚,苯乙酮,α-萜品醇,苯并噻唑,苯甲酸丁酯,异丙苯,环己醇,环己酮,环己基苯,萘烷,十二烷基苯,苯甲酸乙酯,茚满,苯甲酸甲酯,NMP,对异丙基甲苯,苯乙醚,1,4-二异丙基苯,二苄醚,二乙二醇丁基甲基醚,三乙二醇丁基甲基醚,二乙二醇二丁基醚,三乙二醇二甲基醚,二乙二醇单丁基醚,三丙二醇二甲基醚,四乙二醇二甲基醚,2-异丙基萘,戊基苯,己基苯,庚基苯,辛基苯,1,1-双(3,4-二甲基苯基)乙烷,或这些溶剂的混合物。
因此,本发明还涉及一种制剂,特别是溶液、悬浮液或乳液,其包含至少一种式(I)化合物或至少一种含有至少一个式(I)单元的聚合物、低聚物或树枝状大分子,和至少一种溶剂,优选有机溶剂。可制备这种类型的溶液的方法是本领域普通技术人员所知的并且描述于例如WO 2002/072714、WO 2003/019694和其中引用的文献中。
根据本发明的化合物适用于电子器件,特别是有机电致发光器件(OLED)中。取决于取代,所述化合物被用于不同的功能和层中。
根据本发明的化合物可以任何功能用于有机电致发光器件中,例如作为基质材料,作为发光材料,作为空穴传输材料或作为电子传输材料。优选的是用作发光层、优选荧光发光层中的基质材料,以及用作有机电致发光器件中的电子传输层或发光层中的电子传输材料。
因此,本发明还涉及式(I)化合物在电子器件中的用途。这里的电子器件优选选自有机集成电路(OIC)、有机场效应晶体管(OFET)、有机薄膜晶体管(OTFT)、有机发光晶体管(OLET)、有机太阳能电池(OSC)、有机光学检测器、有机光感受器、有机场猝熄器件(OFQD)、有机发光电化学电池(OLEC)、有机激光二极管(O-laser),特别优选有机电致发光器件(OLED)。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种式(I)化合物的电子器件。这里的电子器件优选选自上述器件。特别优选的是包括阳极、阴极和至少一个发光层的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于至少一个有机层包含至少一种式(I)的有机化合物。非常特别优选的是如下的有机电致发光器件,其包括阳极、阴极和至少一个选自发光层和电子传输层的层,所述层包含至少一种式(I)化合物。
除了阴极、阳极和发光层之外,所述有机电致发光器件还可包括另外的层。这些层例如在每种情况下选自一个或多个空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层、电子阻挡层、激子阻挡层、中间层、电荷产生层(IDMC 2003,台湾;Session21OLED(5),T.Matsumoto,T.Nakada,J.Endo,K.Mori,N.Kawamura,A.Yokoi,J.Kido,Multiphoton Organic EL Device Having Charge Generation Layer(具有电荷产生层的多光子有机EL器件))和/或有机或无机p/n结。
所述有机电致发光器件的层顺序优选如下:
阳极-空穴注入层-空穴传输层-发光层-电子传输层-电子注入层-阴极。这里所有的所述层未必都存在,并且还可存在另外的层,例如在阳极侧上与发光层相邻的电子阻挡层,或在阴极侧上与发光层相邻的空穴阻挡层。
根据本发明的有机电致发光器件可包括多个发光层。在这种情况下,这些发光层特别优选总共具有多个在380nm与750nm之间的发光峰值,导致总体上白色发光,即,将能够发荧光或发磷光并且发射蓝色或黄色或绿色或橙色或红色光的多种发光化合物用于所述发光层中。特别优选的是三层体系,即具有三个发光层的体系,其中这些层中的至少一个优选包含至少一种式(I)化合物,并且其中所述三个层显示蓝色、绿色和橙色或红色发光(对于基本结构,例如参见WO2005/011013)。应当注意,为产生白色光,代替以一种颜色发光的多种发光体化合物,单独使用在宽波长范围内发光的发光体化合物也可以是合适的。根据本发明的化合物也可以可选地和/或另外存在于这种类型的有机电致发光器件中的电子传输层或另一层中。
根据本发明的化合物特别适合用作发光体化合物的基质化合物,所述发光体化合物优选发蓝光的发光体化合物,特别优选发蓝光的荧光发光体化合物。在这种情况下,所述化合物优选不含杂芳族基团。特别优选地,在这种情况下,所述化合物中的基团Ar2选自苯基,1-萘基和具有13至30个芳族环原子的芳族环系,所述基团和环系中的每个可以任选地被取代。甚至更优选的是,在这种情况下基团Ar2是任选被取代的苯基。
根据本发明的化合物也可以用作发光体化合物的基质化合物,该发光体化合物显示热激活延迟荧光(TADF)。TADF中的发光机制的基本原理在H.Uoyama等,Nature(自然)2012,492,234中公开。
如果根据本发明的化合物被用作基质材料,则其可以与本领域普通技术人员已知的任何期望的发光化合物组合使用。它优选与下面指出的优选的发光化合物,特别是下面指出的优选的荧光化合物组合使用。
在其中有机电致发光器件的发光层包含发光化合物和基质化合物的混合物的情况下,下列情况适用:
发光层混合物中的发光化合物的比例优选在0.1%与50.0%之间,特别优选在0.5%与20.0%之间,非常特别优选在1.0%与10.0%之间。相应地,所述一种或多种基质材料的比例优选在50.0%与99.9%之间,特别优选在80.0%与99.5%之间,非常特别优选在90.0%与99.0%之间。
如果所述化合物是从气相施加的,则在本申请的上下文中以%表示的比例的指示被认为是指体积%,而如果化合物是从溶液施加的,则它们被认为是指重量%。
根据本发明的化合物此外还可以用作具有电子传输功能的层例如电子传输层、空穴阻挡层、电子注入层或发光层中的电子传输化合物。为此目的,根据本发明的化合物优选含有一个或多个选自缺电子杂芳基基团例如三嗪、嘧啶、吡啶、咪唑或苯并咪唑的取代基。优选地,在这种情况下,式(I)化合物中的基团Ar2代表或含有这种缺电子杂芳基基团。
下面指出了在根据本发明的有机电致发光器件中用作相应功能材料的通常优选的材料种类。
合适的磷光发光化合物特别是如下的化合物,其在适当激发时发光,优选在可见区发光,并且另外含有至少一种原子序数大于20,优选大于38且小于84,特别优选大于56且小于80的原子。所用的磷光发光化合物优选是含有铜、钼、钨、铼、钌、锇、铑、铱、钯、铂、银、金或铕的化合物,特别是含有铱、铂或铜的化合物。
出于本发明的目的,所有发光的铱、铂或铜络合物都被认为是磷光化合物。
申请WO 2000/70655、WO 2001/41512、WO 2002/02714、WO2002/15645、EP1191613、EP 1191612、EP 1191614、WO 2005/033244、WO 2005/019373和US 2005/0258742公开了上述磷光发光化合物的实例。一般地,根据现有技术用于磷光OLED的和在有机电致发光器件领域的普通技术人员所知的所有磷光络合物都适合用于根据本发明的器件中。本领域普通技术人员也将能够在未付出创造性劳动的情况下将另外的磷光络合物与根据本发明的化合物组合用于OLED中。
除了根据本发明的化合物之外,优选的荧光发光体选自芳基胺类别。在本发明意义上芳基胺被认为是指含有三个直接键合到氮的被取代或未被取代的芳族或杂芳族环系的化合物。这些芳族或杂芳族环系中的至少一个优选是稠合环系,特别优选具有至少14个芳族环原子。其优选的实例是芳族蒽胺、芳族蒽二胺、芳族芘胺、芳族芘二胺、芳族胺或芳族二胺。芳族蒽胺被认为是指其中一个二芳基氨基基团直接与蒽基团优选在9位处键合的化合物。芳族蒽二胺被认为是指其中两个二芳基氨基基团直接与蒽基团优选在9,10位处键合的化合物。以与此类似的方式定义芳族的芘胺、芘二胺、胺和二胺,其中所述二芳基氨基基团优选与芘在1位处或在1,6位处键合。其它优选的发光体是茚并芴胺或茚并芴二胺,例如根据WO 2006/108497或WO2006/122630的,苯并茚并芴胺或苯并茚并芴二胺,例如根据WO2008/006449的,和二苯并茚并芴胺或二苯并茚并芴二胺,例如根据WO 2007/140847的,和含有稠合芳基基团的茚并芴衍生物,其公开于WO 2010/012328中。同样优选在WO2012/048780和WO 2013/185871中公开的芘芳基胺。同样优选在WO 2014/037077中公开的苯并茚并芴胺、在WO 2014/106522中公开的苯并芴胺和在WO 2014/111269中公开的扩展茚并芴。
优选的荧光发光化合物描绘于下表中:
用于磷光发光化合物的优选基质材料是芳族胺,特别是三芳基胺,例如根据US2005/0069729的,咔唑衍生物(例如CBP,N,N-双咔唑基联苯)或根据WO 2005/039246、US2005/0069729、JP 2004/288381、EP 1205527或WO 2008/086851的化合物,桥连咔唑衍生物,例如根据WO 2011/088877和WO 2011/128017的,茚并咔唑衍生物,例如根据WO 2010/136109和WO 2011/000455的,氮杂咔唑衍生物,例如根据EP 1617710、EP 1617711、EP1731584、JP 2005/347160的,吲哚并咔唑衍生物,例如根据WO 2007/063754或WO 2008/056746的,酮,例如根据WO 2004/093207或WO 2010/006680的,氧化膦,亚砜和砜,例如根据WO 2005/003253的,低聚亚苯基,双极性基质材料,例如根据WO 2007/137725的,硅烷,例如根据WO 2005/111172的,氮杂硼杂环戊二烯或硼酸酯,例如根据WO 2006/117052的,三嗪衍生物,例如根据WO 2010/015306、WO 2007/063754或WO 2008/056746的,锌络合物,例如根据EP 652273或WO 2009/062578的,铝络合物,例如BAlq,二氮杂硅杂环戊二烯和四氮杂硅杂环戊二烯衍生物,例如根据WO 2010/054729的,和二氮杂磷杂环戊二烯衍生物,例如根据WO 2010/054730的。
除了所述式(I)化合物之外,与荧光发光化合物组合使用的优选的基质材料选自如下的类别:低聚亚芳基(例如根据EP 676461的2,2',7,7'-四苯基螺二芴,或二萘基蒽),特别是含有稠合芳族基团的低聚亚芳基,低聚亚芳基亚乙烯基(例如根据EP 676461的DPVBi或螺-DPVBi),多足金属络合物(例如根据WO 2004/081017),空穴传导化合物(例如根据WO 2004/058911),电子传导化合物,特别是酮、氧化膦、亚砜等(例如根据WO 2005/084081和WO 2005/084082),阻转异构体(例如根据WO 2006/048268),硼酸衍生物(例如根据WO 2006/117052)或苯并蒽(例如根据WO 2008/145239)。特别优选的基质材料选自如下的类别:包含萘、蒽、苯并蒽和/或芘的低聚亚芳基或这些化合物的阻转异构体,低聚亚芳基亚乙烯基,酮,氧化膦和亚砜。非常特别优选的基质材料选自如下的类别:包含蒽、苯并蒽、苯并菲和/或芘的低聚亚芳基或这些化合物的阻转异构体。在本发明意义上低聚亚芳基旨在被认为是指其中至少三个芳基或亚芳基基团彼此键合的化合物。
可用于根据本发明的有机电致发光器件的空穴注入或空穴传输层或电子阻挡层中或电子传输层中的合适的电荷传输材料,例如是Y.Shirota等,Chem.Rev.(化学评论)2007,107(4),953-1010中所公开的化合物,或根据现有技术用于这些层中的其它材料。
除了所述式(I)化合物之外,可用于根据本发明的电致发光器件中的空穴传输、空穴注入或电子阻挡层中的优选空穴传输材料的实例是茚并芴胺衍生物(例如根据WO 06/122630或WO 06/100896),EP 1661888中公开的胺衍生物,六氮杂苯并菲衍生物(例如根据WO 01/049806),含有稠合芳族环的胺衍生物(例如根据US 5,061,569),WO 95/09147中公开的胺衍生物,单苯并茚并芴胺(例如根据WO 08/006449),二苯并茚并芴胺(例如根据WO07/140847),螺二芴胺(例如根据WO 2012/034627或WO 2013/120577),芴胺(例如根据WO2014/015937、WO 2014/015938和WO 2014/015935),螺二苯并吡喃胺(例如根据WO 2013/083216)和二氢吖啶衍生物(例如根据WO 2012/150001)。
所述有机电致发光器件的阴极优选包含具有低逸出功的金属、金属合金或多层结构,其包含不同金属例如碱土金属、碱金属、主族金属或镧系元素(例如Ca、Ba、Mg、Al、In、Mg、Yb、Sm等)。同样合适的是包含碱金属或碱土金属和银的合金,例如包含镁和银的合金。在多层结构情况下,除所述金属之外,也可使用具有相对高逸出功的其它金属例如Ag或Al,在这种情况下,通常使用金属的组合,例如Ca/Ag、Mg/Ag或Ag/Ag。也可以优选在金属阴极和有机半导体之间引入具有高介电常数的材料的薄中间层。适合于这个目的的例如是碱金属氟化物或碱土金属氟化物,但也可以是相应的氧化物或碳酸盐(例如LiF、Li2O、BaF2、MgO、NaF、CsF、Cs2CO3等)。此外,羟基喹啉锂(LiQ)可用于这个目的。这个层的层厚度优选为0.5至5nm。
所述阳极优选包含具有高逸出功的材料。所述阳极优选具有相对于真空大于4.5eV的逸出功。适于这个目的的一方面是具有高氧化还原电势的金属,例如Ag、Pt或Au。另一方面,也可以优选金属/金属氧化物电极(例如Al/Ni/NiOx、Al/PtOx)。对于一些应用,至少一个电极必须是透明的或部分透明的,以利于有机材料辐射(有机太阳能电池)或光的耦合输出(OLED、O-laser)。此处优选的阳极材料是导电性混合金属氧化物。特别优选的是氧化铟锡(ITO)或氧化铟锌(IZO)。此外优选的是导电性掺杂有机材料,特别是导电性掺杂聚合物。
所述器件被适当地(取决于应用)结构化,提供以接触并最后被密封,因为根据本发明的器件的寿命在水和/或空气的存在下缩短。
在一个优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的有机电致发光器件的特征在于,借助于升华方法施加一个或多个层,其中在真空升华装置中,在小于10-5毫巴、优选小于10-6毫巴的初始压力下通过气相沉积施加所述材料。然而,所述初始压力在此处也可更低,例如小于10-7毫巴。
同样优选的是一种如下的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于通过OVPD(有机气相沉积)方法或借助于载气升华来施加一个或多个层,其中在10-5毫巴至1巴的压力下施加所述材料。这种方法的特别例子是OVJP(有机蒸气喷印)方法,其中所述材料通过喷嘴直接施加并且因此是结构化的(例如M.S.Arnold等,Appl.Phys.Lett.(应用物理快报)2008,92,053301)。
此外优选的是一种如下的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于从溶液中例如通过旋涂,或借助于任何希望的印刷方法例如丝网印刷、柔性版印刷、喷嘴印刷或平版印刷,但是特别优选LITI(光引发热成像,热转印)或喷墨印刷,来产生一个或多个层。
为制造根据本发明的有机电致发光器件,此外优选从溶液施加一个或多个层并通过升华方法施加一个或多个层。
根据本发明,包含一种或多种根据本发明的化合物的电子器件可用于显示器中,用作照明应用中的光源和用作医疗和/或美容应用(例如光疗法)中的光源。
实施例
A)化合物的合成
以下合成通常在保护性气体气氛下和利用干燥溶剂进行。
一般合成方案
反应1:Sonogashira偶联,铜(I)催化,Pd催化
反应2:Suzuki反应,Pd催化
反应3:金属诱导的碳环化,三氟甲磺酸铁(III)
反应4:硼烷,Pd催化
反应5:Br-蒽衍生物,Pd催化,Suzuki反应
实施例1a:
将50g(0.16mol)2-溴-4-氯-1-碘苯、17.3mL(0.16mol)苯乙炔、1.66g(2.4mmol)双(三苯基膦)氯化钯(II)和0.3g(1.6mmol)碘化铜(I)在500mL三乙胺中混合并在80℃下搅拌2小时。然后,使混合物冷却至室温并且加入200mL饱和氯化铵水溶液和400mL甲苯。分离各相。有机相用水洗涤多次,然后经硅胶过滤。从乙醇结晶后,获得呈固体状的产物。产率:38g(0.13mol;83%)。
以类似方式,可以获得下列化合物:
实施例2a:
将36g(0.13mol)1a、16.5g(0.13mol)苯基硼酸、1.85g(2.6mmol)双(三苯基膦)氯化钯(II)和27.6g(0.26mol)碳酸钠在700mL甲苯/乙醇/水(2:1:1)中混合并在回流下加热5小时。将混合物冷却至室温后,加入300mL水和300mL甲苯。分离各相。有机相用水洗涤多次,并且在真空中除去溶剂。通过硅胶柱色谱法(庚烷)纯化粗产物。获得呈无色固体状的所需产物。产率:23g(0.8mmol,62%)。
以类似方式,可以获得下列化合物:
实施例3a:
将22.2g(0.077mol)2a和773mg(1.5mmol)三氟甲磺酸铁(III)在80℃下在400mL二氯乙烷中搅拌3小时。然后,混合物经硅胶过滤,并且在真空中蒸发溶剂。产率:22g(76mmol;99%)。
以类似方式,可以获得下列化合物:
实施例4a:
将22g(76mmol)3a、23.2g(91mmol)双(频哪醇根基)二硼烷、1.12g(1.5mmol)双(三环己基膦)氯化钯(II)和12.7g(130mmol)乙酸钾在90℃下在300mL二烷中搅拌16小时,然后使其冷却至室温。之后,混合物首先经氧化铝过滤,然后经硅胶过滤,并用甲苯洗涤。在真空中除去溶剂,并且使残余物从庚烷中重结晶。分离出呈无色固体状的产物,产率为19.6g(51.5mmol;77%)。
以类似方式,可以获得下列化合物:
实施例5a:
将18.9g(50mmol)4a、15.5g(47mmol)9-溴-10-苯基蒽、1g(0.9mmol)四(三苯基膦)钯(0)和17.9g(0.17mmol)碳酸钠在600ml甲苯/乙醇/水(2:1:1)中在回流下加热16小时。将混合物冷却至室温后,加入200mL甲苯,并且分离各相。有机相用水洗涤多次,并且在真空中除去溶剂。之后,有机相经氧化铝过滤。通过从甲苯中重结晶和随后的升华进一步纯化产物。产率:7.8g(15.4mmol;33%)。
以类似方式,可以获得下列化合物:
B)器件实施例
OLED器件的制造
根据WO 04/05891进行OLED的制造,针对膜厚度和层顺序进行调整。下列实施例V1至E7(参见表1)显示各种OLED的数据。
实施例V1-E8的基底预处理:
具有结构化ITO(50nm,氧化铟锡)的玻璃板用20nm PEDOT:PSS(聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧基噻吩)聚(苯乙烯磺酸酯),CLEVIOSTM P VP AI4083,来自德国贺利氏贵金属公司(Heraeus Precious Metals GmbH Germany),从水基溶液旋涂)涂覆并构成在其上加工OLED的基底。
所述OLED原则上具有以下层结构:
-基底,
-ITO(50nm),
-缓冲物(20nm),
-空穴注入层(HTL1 95%、HIL 5%)(20nm),
-空穴传输层(HTL2)(20nm),
-发光层(EML)(20nm),
-电子传输层(参见表2,EIL 50%)(30nm),
-电子注入层(EIL)(3nm),
-阴极。
所述阴极由厚度为100nm的铝层形成。用于OLED制造的材料呈现于表1中。
在真空腔室中通过热气相沉积施加所有材料。此处发光层总是由至少一种基质材料(主体材料=H)和发光掺杂剂(发光体=D)组成,所述的发光掺杂剂与所述一种或多种基质材料以特定体积比例通过共蒸发混合。此处表述例如H1:D1(95%:5%)是指,在所述层中材料H1以95%的体积比例存在,而在所述层中D1以5%的比例存在。类似地,所述电子传输层也可由两种或更多种材料的混合物组成。
通过标准方法表征所述OLED。为此目的,根据呈现郎伯发射特征的电流/电压/发光密度特征线(IUL特征线)测定电致发光谱,电流效率(以cd/A计量)和外量子效率(EQE,在1000cd/m2下以%计量)。在1000cd/m2的发光密度下记录电致发光(EL)谱,然后从所述EL谱计算CIE1931x和y坐标。对于所有实验,确定寿命LT95。在1000cd/m2下的寿命LT95定义为初始发光密度1000cd/m2已下降5%后经历的时间。表2总结了各种OLED的器件数据。以“V”开头的实施例是根据现有技术的比较例。以“E”开头的实施例代表根据本发明的OLED。
在下面的部分中更详细地描述了几个实施例以示出本发明OLED的优点。
本发明化合物作为荧光OLED中的主体材料的用途
由H1和H2表示的本发明化合物特别适合作为OLED的蓝色荧光发光层中的主体材料。现有技术的比较例由通过荧光发光体D1或D2掺杂的VH-1和VH-2表示。
其中菲上的苯基具有单取代的本发明化合物(器件E3和E4中的H1)用作主体材料,导致与其中菲被苯基环取代两次的现有技术(器件V1和V2中的VH-1)相比显著改进的OLED器件数据。
此外,具有1-萘基取代的本发明化合物(H2),相比于在相应位置带有2-萘基基团的现有技术化合物(器件V5和V6中的VH-2),得到改进的EQE和寿命(器件E7和E8)。
总之,与现有技术材料相比,使用本发明化合物作为主体材料导致显著改进的OLED器件数据,特别是在外量子效率和器件寿命方面情况如此。
另外,本发明化合物也适合作为例如OLED的蓝色荧光发光层中的电子传输材料,这里由ETL2表示。比较器件实施例E9与器件V1中的现有技术的电子传输材料,使用本发明化合物作为电子传输材料产生具有竞争性的OLED器件数据。
Claims (16)
1.一种根据式(I)的化合物,
其中所述菲基团可在自由位置处被基团R3取代,并且所述蒽基团可在自由位置处被基团R4取代,并且其中以下适用于存在的变量:
Ar1选自具有6至10个芳族环原子的芳基基团,所述芳基基团可被基团R1取代,或具有5至18个芳族环原子的杂芳基基团,所述杂芳基基团可被基团R1取代;
Ar2选自苯基,所述苯基可被基团R2取代,或1-萘基,所述1-萘基可被基团R2取代,或具有13至30个芳族环原子的芳族环系,所述芳族环系可被基团R2取代,或具有5至30个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系,所述杂芳族环系可被基团R2取代;
R1、R2、R4在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,C(=O)R5,CN,Si(R5)3,N(R5)2,P(=O)(R5)2,OR5,S(=O)R5,S(=O)2R5,具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有2至20个C原子的烯基或炔基基团,具有6至40个芳族环原子的芳族环系,或具有5至40个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系;其中两个或更多个基团R1、R2或R4可彼此连接以成环;其中所述烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基基团以及所述芳族和杂芳族环系在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R5取代,并且其中所述烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基基团中的一个或多个CH2基团在每种情况下可被-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、NR5、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2代替;
R3在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,或具有2至20个C原子的烯基或炔基基团,其中两个或更多个基团R3可彼此连接以成环;其中所述烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基基团在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R5取代,并且其中所述烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基基团中的一个或多个CH2基团在每种情况下可被-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、NR5、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2代替;
R5在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,C(=O)R6,CN,Si(R6)3,N(R6)2,P(=O)(R6)2,OR6,S(=O)R6,S(=O)2R6,具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有2至20个C原子的烯基或炔基基团,具有6至40个芳族环原子的芳族环系,或具有5至40个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系;其中所述烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基基团以及所述芳族和杂芳族环系在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R6取代,并且其中所述烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基基团中的一个或多个CH2基团在每种情况下可被-R6C=CR6-、-C≡C-、Si(R6)2、C=O、C=NR6、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR6-、NR6、P(=O)(R6)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2代替;
R6在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,具有1至20个C原子的烷基基团,具有6至40个C原子的芳族环系,或具有5至40个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系,其中所述烷基基团、芳族环系和杂芳族环系可被F和CN取代。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于Ar1是苯基或萘基基团,所述苯基或萘基基团可各自被一个或多个基团R1取代。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物,其特征在于Ar2选自苯基、1-萘基、芴基、苯并芴基、茚并芴基、螺二芴基、苯并茚并芴基、菲基、蒽基、芘基、苯并蒽基和苯并菲基,所述基团可被一个或多个基团R2取代,或具有5至30个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系,所述杂芳族环系可被基团R2取代。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的一项或多项所述的化合物,其特征在于Ar2是苯基基团,所述苯基基团可被基团R2取代,或具有5至18个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系,所述杂芳族环系可被基团R2取代。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的一项或多项所述的化合物,其特征在于所述化合物符合式(I-1)和(I-2)之一
其中所述菲基团可在自由位置处被基团R3取代,并且所述蒽基团可在自由位置处被基团R4取代,并且所述苯基基团可在自由位置处被基团R2取代,并且
其中存在的变量如权利要求1或2中所限定的,并且:
Ar2Het是具有5至18个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系,所述杂芳族环系可被基团R2取代。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的一项或多项所述的化合物,其特征在于R1在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,Si(R5)3,具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,或具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团;其中所述烷基和烷氧基基团在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R5取代。
7.根据权利要求1至6中的一项或多项所述的化合物,其特征在于,如果Ar2是苯基,则键合到该基团Ar2的基团R2可在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,Si(R5)3,具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,或具有5至20个芳族环原子的杂芳基基团;其中所述烷基和烷氧基和杂芳基基团在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R5取代,并且其中所述烷基和烷氧基基团中的一个或多个CH2基团在每种情况下可被-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、NR5、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2代替。
8.根据权利要求1至7中的一项或多项所述的化合物,其特征在于基团R3在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,或具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,其中所述烷基或烷氧基基团在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R5取代。
9.根据权利要求1至8中的一项或多项所述的化合物,其特征在于基团R3是H或D。
10.一种用于制备根据式(I)的化合物的方法,其特征在于
-通过包括过渡金属催化的偶联反应和碳环化反应的顺序制备芳基取代的菲衍生物,和
-使这种芳基取代的菲衍生物与蒽衍生物在过渡金属催化的偶联反应中偶联。
11.一种低聚物、聚合物或树枝状大分子,所述低聚物、聚合物或树枝状大分子含有一种或多种根据权利要求1至9中的一项或多项所述的化合物,其中一个或多个键合至所述聚合物、低聚物或树枝状大分子的键可位于式(I)中被R1、R2、R3或R4取代的任何希望的位置处。
12.一种制剂,所述制剂包含至少一种根据权利要求1至9中的一项或多项所述的化合物或至少一种根据权利要求11所述的低聚物、聚合物或树枝状大分子和至少一种溶剂。
13.一种电子器件,所述电子器件选自有机集成电路(OIC)、有机场效应晶体管(OFET)、有机薄膜晶体管(OTFT)、有机发光晶体管(OLET)、有机太阳能电池(OSC)、有机光学检测器、有机光感受器、有机场猝熄器件(OFQD)、有机发光电化学电池(OLEC)、有机激光二极管(O-laser)和有机电致发光器件(OLED),所述电子器件包含至少一种根据权利要求1至9中的一项或多项所述的化合物或至少一种根据权利要求11所述的低聚物、聚合物或树枝状大分子。
14.根据权利要求13所述的电子器件,所述电子器件选自有机电致发光器件,所述有机电致发光器件包括阳极、阴极、发光层和任选地另外的有机层,其特征在于所述至少一种化合物或所述至少一种低聚物、聚合物或树枝状大分子存在于发光层中或存在于具有电子传输功能的层中。
15.根据权利要求14所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于所述至少一种化合物或所述至少一种低聚物、聚合物或树枝状大分子作为基质材料与荧光发光体组合存在于发光层中,或者作为电子传输材料存在于具有电子传输功能的层中。
16.根据权利要求1至9中的一项或多项所述的化合物或根据权利要求11所述的低聚物、聚合物或树枝状大分子在电子器件中的用途。
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CN110041159A (zh) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-23 | 北京诚志永华显示科技有限公司 | 新型化合物、有机电致发光材料、有机电致发光元件、电子装置 |
CN111995488A (zh) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-11-27 | 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 | 一种稠环化合物的制备方法 |
CN111995488B (zh) * | 2019-05-27 | 2022-08-09 | 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 | 一种稠环化合物的制备方法 |
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TWI762451B (zh) | 2022-05-01 |
US20180327339A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
JP6833821B2 (ja) | 2021-02-24 |
KR102662806B1 (ko) | 2024-05-02 |
EP3341448B1 (en) | 2020-02-12 |
EP3341448A1 (en) | 2018-07-04 |
JP2018532700A (ja) | 2018-11-08 |
TW201726589A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
WO2017036573A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
KR20180048768A (ko) | 2018-05-10 |
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