CN107831606B - Automatic calibration method and system for wavelength selective switch - Google Patents
Automatic calibration method and system for wavelength selective switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN107831606B CN107831606B CN201711342594.4A CN201711342594A CN107831606B CN 107831606 B CN107831606 B CN 107831606B CN 201711342594 A CN201711342594 A CN 201711342594A CN 107831606 B CN107831606 B CN 107831606B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0136—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour for the control of polarisation, e.g. state of polarisation [SOP] control, polarisation scrambling, TE-TM mode conversion or separation
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication, and provides an automatic calibration method and system for a wavelength selection switch. Setting the voltage of each liquid crystal with the wavelength corresponding to the wavelength selection switch, and respectively completing the corresponding relation Uc-IL between the voltage of each liquid crystal with the corresponding calibration wavelength and the insertion loss through data acquisition; calculating the calibration wavelength lambda by using the delta-IL relationship of liquid crystalcSwitching the voltage of the liquid crystal and/or attenuating the voltage of the liquid crystal, with a phase delay deltacCorresponding relation of (1) U-deltac(ii) a Using the delta-IL relationship of liquid crystal and arbitrary and calibrated wavelengthscCalculating the U-IL of any wavelength lambda of various liquid crystals; according to the U-IL of any wavelength of each liquid crystal, the low voltage and the high voltage of the switching liquid crystal of all the wavelengths and the attenuation step voltage of the attenuation liquid crystal are calculated. The invention improves the calibration efficiency, obtains the calibration data according to calculation and eliminates the system error existing in the prior calibration method.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication, in particular to an automatic calibration method and system of a liquid crystal scheme wavelength selective switch.
[ background of the invention ]
The Wavelength Selective Switch (WSS) is a key device of a Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (ROADM) system because it can provide free switching of any Optical Wavelength to any port and its precise Optical power attenuation control function, and is widely used in an intelligent Optical network. In order to realize free switching of any port with any wavelength and an accurate optical power attenuation control function, the WSS needs to be calibrated.
The WSS device consists of a conventional free space optical coupling element and a core optical chip, wherein the core optical chip is a key part of the WSS device, and the WSS function is realized by the core optical chip. Currently, there are three more mainstream implementations of a WSS core chip: Micro-Electro-Mechanical systems (abbreviated as MEMS) array mirror schemes, Liquid Crystal (LC) schemes, and Liquid Crystal On Silicon (LCOS) schemes. The WSS optical chips of the three schemes all adopt a voltage driving mode, the WSS is calibrated aiming at the optical chips, and specifically, the specified wavelength is calibrated to be switched to a specified port, and the voltage corresponding to the specified attenuation is specified. Therefore, the calibration of the WSS needs to be performed for three dimensions of all wavelengths (from tens to hundreds), multiple ports (from several to tens), and all attenuation stages (from hundreds), and the voltage values corresponding to the three dimensions are calibrated. The general calibration method is to calibrate the attenuation levels one by one, one by one port, and one by one, and the method has low efficiency and long time consumption, and is not beneficial to large-scale production of WSS.
In view of the above, overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art is an urgent problem in the art.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the calibration of the WSS needs to be carried out on all wavelengths, a plurality of ports and all attenuation gears in three dimensions, and voltage values corresponding to the three dimensions are calibrated. The general calibration method is to calibrate the attenuation levels one by one, one by one port, and one by one, and the method has low efficiency and long time consumption, and is not beneficial to large-scale production of WSS.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides an automatic calibration method for a wavelength selective switch, the method comprising:
setting laser wavelength to calibration wavelength lambdac；
Setting the voltage of each liquid crystal with the wavelength corresponding to the wavelength selection switch, and acquiring the corresponding relation U between the voltage and the insertion loss of the liquid crystalsC handoverIL, and voltage versus insertion loss correspondence U of the attenuating liquid crystalC attenuation-IL；
According to the phase delay delta of the liquid crystalcCorresponding relation delta to insertion losscIL, calculating the calibration wavelength λcSwitching the voltage of the liquid crystal and/or attenuating the voltage of the liquid crystal, with a phase delay deltacCorresponding relation of (1) U-deltac；
According to a first equation between the phase delay delta and the birefringence difference delta n (lambda) of the liquid crystal, the thickness d of the liquid crystal box and the wavelength of any laser signal, the phase delay delta corresponding to any wavelength lambda and the corresponding calibration lambda are deducedcDelta ofcA second equation of relationship therebetween;
u-delta calculated according to the second equation and the abovecData, calculating the U-delta corresponding data of the switching liquid crystal and/or the attenuation liquid crystal for any wavelength lambda; calculating U-IL data of any wavelength lambda of various liquid crystals by using the delta-IL relation of the liquid crystals; wherein, the delta-IL relationship is based on the phase delay delta of the corresponding wavelength and the corresponding calibration lambdacDelta ofcOf the second equation of (d), and the relation δc-IL is calculated;
and calculating the low voltage and the high voltage of the switching liquid crystal of all the wavelengths and the voltage of each attenuation level of the attenuation liquid crystal according to the U-IL curve of any wavelength of various liquid crystals, thereby completing the calibration of any wavelength.
Preferably, the first equation is: δ 2 pi/λ Δ n (λ) d; the birefringence difference of the liquid crystal to any wavelength is delta n (lambda), and the thickness d of the liquid crystal box in a calibration environment is fixed.
Preferably, the second equation is: delta n (lambda) × lambdac/(△n(λc) λ) × δ c; wherein Deltan (lambda) is a birefringence difference of the liquid crystal with respect to an arbitrary wavelength, and Deltan (lambda)c) Birefringence for wavelength scalingDifference, deltacTo scale the phase delay of the wavelength.
Preferably, the completing the calibration of any wavelength specifically includes:
acquiring switching liquid crystal with any wavelength to be calibrated, attenuating the liquid crystal voltage to minimize IL of the WSS, and recording wavelength-dependent loss curves WDL of all ports of the WSS;
for the switching liquid crystal, the corresponding point of the low voltage point is the minimum IL value of which the polarization state changes in the direction of 90 degrees, and the corresponding point of the high voltage point is the minimum IL value of which the polarization state does not change in the direction; and for the attenuation liquid crystal, finding out the voltage corresponding to the corresponding attenuation according to the voltage U-IL data.
Preferably, when the automatic calibration result is used, the attenuation liquid crystal is used for attenuation operation to make the IL of any wavelength to be calibrated consistent, and the method specifically includes:
determining the maximum IL value in WDL data, wherein the difference DeltaIL between IL and ILmax of any wavelength is the required pre-attenuation quantity of the wavelength; and setting corresponding wavelength attenuation delta IL by using attenuation liquid crystal, wherein IL after all wavelengths are pre-attenuated according to requirements is ILmax, and the attenuation delta IL is used for ensuring the consistency of IL after calibration.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an automatic calibration system for a wavelength selective switch, the system includes a main controller, a tunable laser, a wavelength selective switch WSS and a power meter, wherein the main controller establishes electrical signal connections with the tunable laser, the WSS and the power meter, and optical signal paths are established between the tunable laser, the WSS and the power meter, specifically:
the main controller is used for setting the wavelength of the tunable laser to be a calibration wavelength lambdac(ii) a Setting the voltage of each liquid crystal with the wavelength corresponding to the wavelength selection switch, and acquiring the corresponding relation U between the voltage and the insertion loss of the liquid crystalsC handoverIL, and voltage versus insertion loss correspondence U of the attenuating liquid crystalC attenuation-IL；
The main controller is also used for delaying delta according to the phase of the liquid crystalcCorresponding relation delta to insertion losscIL, calculating the calibration wavelength λcVoltage of the switching liquid crystal ofAnd/or attenuating the voltage of the liquid crystal, with a phase delay deltacCorresponding relation of (1) U-deltac(ii) a According to a first equation between the phase delay delta and the birefringence difference delta n (lambda) of the liquid crystal, the thickness d of the liquid crystal box and the wavelength of any laser signal, the phase delay delta corresponding to any wavelength lambda and the corresponding calibration lambda are deducedcDelta ofcA second equation of relationship therebetween; u-delta calculated according to the second equation and the abovecData, calculating the U-delta corresponding data of the switching liquid crystal and/or the attenuation liquid crystal for any wavelength lambda; calculating U-IL data of any wavelength lambda of various liquid crystals by using the delta-IL relation of the liquid crystals; wherein, the delta-IL relationship is based on the phase delay delta of the corresponding wavelength and the corresponding calibration lambdacDelta ofcOf the second equation of (d), and the relation δc-IL is calculated; according to the U-IL curve of any wavelength of various liquid crystals, calculating the low voltage and the high voltage of the switching liquid crystals of all wavelengths and the voltage of each attenuation level of the attenuation liquid crystals, thereby completing the calibration of any wavelength;
the power meter is used for feeding back the detected optical power value to the main controller, so that the main controller can calculate real-time insertion loss IL.
Preferably, the first equation is: δ 2 pi/λ Δ n (λ) d; wherein, the birefringence difference Deltan (lambda) of the liquid crystal to any wavelength is fixed, and the thickness d of the liquid crystal box in a calibration environment is fixed.
Preferably, the second equation is: delta n (lambda) × lambdac/(△n(λc) λ) × δ c; wherein Deltan (lambda) is a birefringence difference of the liquid crystal with respect to an arbitrary wavelength, and Deltan (lambda)c) Difference in birefringence, delta, for a calibration wavelengthcTo scale the phase delay of the wavelength.
Preferably, the main controller is further configured to calculate a switching liquid crystal of any wavelength to be calibrated, attenuate a liquid crystal voltage to minimize IL of the WSS, and record wavelength-dependent loss curves WDL of all ports of the wavelength selective switch WSS; for the switching liquid crystal, the corresponding point of the low voltage point is the minimum IL value of which the polarization state changes in the direction of 90 degrees, and the corresponding point of the high voltage point is the minimum IL value of which the polarization state does not change in the direction; and for the attenuation liquid crystal, finding out the voltage corresponding to the corresponding attenuation according to the voltage U-IL data.
Preferably, the main controller is further configured to determine a maximum value of IL in the WDL data, and a difference Δ IL between IL and ILmax of any one wavelength is a pre-attenuation amount required for the wavelength; and setting corresponding wavelength attenuation delta IL by using attenuation liquid crystal, wherein IL after all wavelengths are pre-attenuated according to requirements is ILmax, and the attenuation delta IL is used for ensuring the consistency of IL after calibration.
In a third aspect, the present invention further provides an electronic device, configured to implement the automatic calibration method for the wavelength selective switch in the first aspect, where the apparatus includes:
at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being programmed by the memory to perform a method of auto-scaling a wavelength selective switch according to the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present invention further provide a non-transitory computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which are executed by one or more processors, for performing the automatic calibration method of the wavelength selective switch according to the first aspect.
By the scheme, the calibration data of other wavelengths is calculated by the calibration data of one wavelength, namely the calibration of wavelength dimensions; wherein, the high voltage and the low voltage of the switching liquid crystal correspond to two states, and the N pieces of liquid crystal correspond to 2NOne state, corresponding to completion 2NScaling of individual ports, i.e. scaling of port dimensions; wherein, the calibration of each attenuation gear of the attenuation liquid crystal corresponds to the calibration of attenuation dimension; the calibration of three dimensions of wavelength, port and attenuation is completed through computer calculation. The traditional scheme needs to traverse all wavelengths, so compared with the traditional calibration scheme, the method improves the calibration efficiency, can calculate corresponding calibration data according to the wavelengths to be calibrated, and reduces the calibration time. In addition, the calibration method provided by the invention adopts a meterThe calibration data is obtained in a calculation mode, the consistency of the data is guaranteed, the system error existing in the existing calibration method is eliminated, and the precision of the calibration data is improved.
[ description of the drawings ]
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is an optical schematic diagram of a WSS provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a functional diagram of a WSS liquid crystal chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a switching function of switching liquid crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the liquid crystal device is not powered to change the polarization direction of light by 90 degrees;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal device according to an embodiment of the present invention being powered up to change the polarization direction of light;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an automatic calibration method for a wavelength selective switch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an architecture diagram of an automatic scaling system for a wavelength selective switch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a curve of the phase delay and insertion loss correspondence of a liquid crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the voltage and the insertion loss of a switching liquid crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing a relationship between voltage and insertion loss of an attenuated liquid crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 shows a corresponding relationship curve between voltage and phase delay of a liquid crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a coupling loss curve and a scaling flattening of a WSS optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein:
101: array collimator, 102: polarizer, 103: grating, 104: lens, 105: mirror, 106: liquid crystal chip, 201: incident polarized light, 202: switching liquid crystal, 203: wedge piece, 204: wedge angle of wedge angle piece, 205: exit light separation angle, 206: extraordinary emission light, 207: ordinary outgoing light, 208: multiple outgoing light beam, 209: n liquid crystal switching units, 210: attenuated liquid crystal, 211: analyzer, 301: incident light, 302: liquid crystal transparent electrode, 303: liquid crystal molecule, 304: outgoing beam, 305: circuit on, 306: drive circuit, 501: vertical direction deltacIL curve, 502: parallel direction deltacIL curve, 503: parallel direction UC handoverIL curve, 504: vertical direction UC handoverIL curve, 505: switching liquid crystal low voltage, 506: switching liquid crystal high voltage, 507: attenuating liquid crystal UC attenuationIL curve, 508: attenuation liquid crystal block dot, 509: attenuated liquid crystal zero attenuation point, 510: liquid crystal UC attenuation-δcCurve 601: WDL curve, 602: WSS leveling reference line, 603: difference between insertion loss and flattening value of any wavelength, 808: tunable laser, 809: WSS, 810: power meter, 811: and a main controller.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "inner", "outer", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are for convenience only to describe the present invention without requiring the present invention to be necessarily constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in FIG. 1, which is an optical schematic diagram of a wavelength selective switch WSS of a liquid crystal scheme, when light is incident from an array collimator 101, the light is converted into polarized light through a polarizer 102, and then different wavelengths (for example, λ) are transmitted from a grating 1031，λ2，λ3) The light beams are spatially separated, focused onto the liquid crystal chip 106 by the lens 104, the switching direction and transmittance (corresponding to the attenuation explained in the embodiments of the present invention) of each wavelength light beam are controlled by the liquid crystal chip 106, and then reflected by the mirror 105 to be coupled back along the original optical path and output from the port of the array collimator 101.
The liquid crystal chip 106 is the only part capable of being controlled by using a circuit inside the WSS, the calibration of the WSS is actually performed on the liquid crystal chip, the structure of the liquid crystal chip is shown in fig. 2, the liquid crystal chip 106 is composed of 1 attenuation liquid crystal 210, an analyzer 211 and N switching liquid crystal units 209, each liquid crystal can be controlled by using the circuit, and the purpose of the WSS calibration is to find the driving voltage of each liquid crystal.
Each switching liquid crystal cell 209 is composed of a switching liquid crystal 202 and a birefringent wedge 203, the structure of which is shown in fig. 3. The switching liquid crystal 202 is responsible for controlling the polarization state of the incident polarized light, so that the light beam polarized along the y-axis (as the arrow in fig. 3 indicates that the polarization direction of the incident light is the y-axis direction) can be changed into the light beam polarized along the x-axis or the y-axis, when the two polarized lights are incident on the birefringent crystal with the optical axis along the x-axis, two emergent lights are generated: extraordinary light 206 polarized along the x-axis (also called e-light, whose polarization direction is polarized along the x-axis as indicated by the cross in the figure) and ordinary light 207 polarized along the y-axis (also called o-light). In the case where the wedge angle α (labeled 204 in FIG. 3) of the birefringent wedge plate 203 is small (e.g., less than 5), the included angle θ (labeled 205 in FIG. 3) of the two outgoing rays is related to α as follows:
θ＝△n1*α (1)
where Δ n1 is the birefringence difference of birefringent wedge 203.
One switching liquid crystal cell 209 can change one incident beam into two emergent beams with an included angle theta, and N switching liquid crystalsCell 209 can then generate 2NThe beam emits light.
The attenuation liquid crystal 210 generates various polarized lights under voltage driving, and when passing through the analyzer 211, different attenuations can be generated according to the Malus extinction law.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the present invention employs a Twisted Nematic (TN) liquid crystal as the switching liquid crystal 202 for the description of polarization state control (as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, they are schematic model diagrams of the corresponding switching liquid crystal 202 control). Which upon energization and deenergization, respectively, leaves the incident polarized light unchanged in polarization state and rotated by 90 (where the arrow next to the direction of the optical path is the polarization direction of the optical signal). When the TN liquid crystal is not energized, the liquid crystal molecules 303 are twisted and aligned, and the liquid crystal molecule optical axis is along the y-axis at the incident surface (near the liquid crystal transparent electrode 302), and the liquid crystal molecule optical axis is along the x-axis at the exit surface, and the liquid crystal molecule optical axis direction is rotated from the y-axis to the x-axis from the incident surface to the exit surface, and this rotation angle is the liquid crystal twist angle. When the twist angle is equal to 0, the model can simulate an Electrically Controlled Birefringence (ECB) liquid crystal, i.e., the attenuation liquid crystal 210 for controlling the attenuation function in the WSS.
For the TN liquid crystal with the birefringence difference of delta n, the liquid crystal box thickness of d and the twist angle of theta t, and lambda is the wavelength, the total phase delay between o light and e light in the liquid crystal satisfies the first formula among the parameters in the TN liquid crystal:
wherein, the birefringence difference Deltan (lambda) of the liquid crystal to any wavelength is determined, and the thickness d of the liquid crystal box in a calibration environment is fixed.
Included angle theta between optical axis and x-axis of liquid crystal moleculesx：
θx＝z/d*θt (3)
Where z represents the distance between the liquid crystal molecules and the incident plane, and in our model, z is 0 at the incident plane and z is d at the exit plane.
If the liquid crystal is divided into M layers from the incident surface to the emergent surface, and the number of the M layers is 1,2,3 … …, M in sequence, the included angle between the optical axis and the x axis of the j-th layer liquid crystal is as follows:
θj＝j/M*θt (4)
the phase delay is as follows:
δj＝j/M*δ (5)
the jones matrix for the j-th layer of liquid crystal is as follows:
the jones matrix for the entire liquid crystal is then:
G＝GM*...*G2*G1 (7)
when the liquid crystal is electrified, the included angle between the optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules and the z axis is changed from 90 degrees to 0 degree, the included angle between the projection of the optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules on the xy plane and the x axis is not changed, and only the phase delay delta is changedj. Therefore, when the distribution of the optical axes of the liquid crystal molecules is known, the liquid crystal molecules are energized, and the jones matrix of the liquid crystal is associated with only the phase delay δ, which can be written as G (δ). The change of the polarization state of the liquid crystal is shown as follows,
wherein Ex and Ey are x and y components of the polarization state of incident light, and Ex 'and Ey' are x and y components of the polarization state of emergent light.
By using the Malus extinction law, the transmittance (which can be converted into IL) of the emergent light in the polarization direction of the parallel incident light and the polarization direction of the perpendicular incident light under different phase delays δ can be calculated, that is, the δ -IL curve 502 in the parallel direction and the δ -IL curve 501 in the perpendicular direction are shown in FIG. 8.
Based on the theoretical derivation of the implementation principle, the present invention will specifically explain how to implement the automatic scaling method of the wavelength selective switch and the corresponding system by using several embodiments below.
Example 1:
in the explanation process of the embodiment of the present invention, corresponding implementation contents of the corresponding first formula and the second formula and corresponding function implementation in each step are also combined with the case that TN liquid crystal is used as the example of switching liquid crystal in the implementation principle, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
in step 401, the laser wavelength is set to a calibration wavelength λc。
In step 402, the voltages of the liquid crystals with the wavelengths corresponding to the wavelength selective switches are set, and the corresponding relationship U between the voltages and the insertion loss of the liquid crystals is acquiredC handoverIL, and voltage versus insertion loss correspondence U of the attenuating liquid crystalC attenuation-IL。
Taking the TN liquid crystal model provided by the invention as an example, the corresponding relationship U is due to the rotation of the liquid crystal in two corresponding dimensionsC handoverIL may in particular be represented by the curve shown in fig. 9: parallel direction (i.e. polarization invariant direction) UC handoverIL Curve 503 and the vertical orientation (i.e. the direction of 90 ° change in polarization) UC handoverIL curve 504, where 505 is vertical direction light pass and parallel direction light block, 506 is parallel direction light pass and vertical direction light block, 505 and 506 correspond to, i.e. low and high voltage for switching the liquid crystal; and the corresponding relation UC attenuationThe IL may be embodied as the curve shown in fig. 10: attenuating liquid crystal UC attenuationIL curve 507, where 508 represents light blocking (i.e. block), 509 represents light passing (zero attenuation point), and the corresponding voltages at 508 and 509 are the blocking voltage and zero attenuation voltage of the attenuated liquid crystal.
In step 403, the retardation δ is determined according to the phase of the liquid crystalcCorresponding relation delta to insertion losscIL, calculating the calibration wavelength λcSwitching the voltage of the liquid crystal and/or attenuating the voltage of the liquid crystal, with a phase delay deltacCorresponding relation of (1) U-deltac。
Taking the TN liquid crystal model provided by the present invention as an example, the corresponding relationshipIs deltacIL is embodied as curves 501 and 502 shown in FIG. 8, and both represent the vertical direction δ respectivelycIL curve and parallel direction δc-an IL curve.
Wherein, U-deltacFor the sake of simplified identification, it actually represents UC handover-δcAnd/or UC attenuation-δcThe concept of (1). FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram of U-delta implemented by using the TN liquid crystal model provided by the present inventioncRelation curve, wherein the curve shown in FIG. 11 specifically represents UC handover-δcAnd U isC attenuation-δcNot shown in fig. 11.
In step 404, a phase delay delta corresponding to an arbitrary wavelength λ and a corresponding calibration λ are derived from a first equation between the phase delay delta of the liquid crystal and the birefringence difference Δ n (λ), the liquid crystal cell thickness d, and the wavelength of the arbitrary laser signalcIs delayed by a phase delay deltacA second equation for the relationship between.
In the TN liquid crystal model provided by the present invention, the first equation, i.e. the formula (2) provided in the above scheme implementation principle, and the second equation is expressed as follows:
in step 405, U-delta is calculated according to the second equation and the abovecData, calculating the U-delta corresponding data of the switching liquid crystal and/or the attenuation liquid crystal for any wavelength lambda; and calculating U-IL data of any wavelength lambda of various liquid crystals by using the delta-IL relation of the liquid crystals.
Wherein, the delta-IL relationship is based on the phase delay delta of the corresponding wavelength and the corresponding calibration lambdacDelta ofcSecond equation of (c), for example: the above equation (9), and the relationship δcIL is calculated.
In step 406, according to the U-IL curves of any wavelength of each liquid crystal, the low voltage 505 and the high voltage 506 of the switched liquid crystal of all wavelengths and the voltages of each attenuation step of the attenuated liquid crystal are calculated, thereby completing the calibration of any wavelength.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: calculating low voltage 505 and high voltage 506 of the switching liquid crystal of all wavelengths according to the U-IL curve of all wavelengths of the switching liquid crystal, wherein the switching of all ports can be realized by combining the high voltage and the low voltage of a plurality of pieces of liquid crystal, and the dimension calibration of the ports of all wavelengths is correspondingly completed; according to the U-IL curves of all the wavelengths of the attenuation liquid crystal, calculating blocking voltages (508 corresponds to voltages) and voltages of all attenuation steps of the attenuation liquid crystal of all the wavelengths, and correspondingly finishing the calibration of attenuation dimensions of all the wavelengths; according to the calculation of the switching liquid crystal and the attenuation liquid crystal, the calibration of the ports and the attenuation of all the wavelengths is completed, and the calibration of three dimensions of the wavelength, the ports and the attenuation is realized.
As shown in fig. 9, in the TN liquid crystal model provided by the present invention, the calculation of the low voltage and the high voltage of the switched liquid crystal of all wavelengths is embodied as the low voltage 505 and the high voltage 506 shown in fig. 9.
By the scheme set forth by the embodiment of the invention, the calibration data of other wavelengths is calculated by the calibration data of one wavelength, namely the calibration of wavelength dimensions; wherein, the high voltage and the low voltage of the switching liquid crystal correspond to two states, and the N pieces of liquid crystal correspond to 2NOne state, corresponding to completion 2NScaling of individual ports, i.e. scaling of port dimensions; wherein, the calibration of each attenuation gear of the attenuation liquid crystal corresponds to the calibration of attenuation dimension; the calibration of three dimensions of wavelength, port and attenuation is completed through computer calculation. The traditional scheme needs to traverse all wavelengths, so compared with the traditional calibration scheme, the method improves the calibration efficiency, can calculate corresponding calibration data according to the wavelengths to be calibrated, and reduces the calibration time. In addition, the calibration method provided by the invention obtains calibration data by adopting a calculation mode, ensures the consistency of the data, eliminates the system error existing in the existing calibration method and improves the precision of the calibration data.
In this embodiment of the present invention, the completing of the calibration of any wavelength in step 406 may specifically be implemented as:
acquiring switching liquid crystal with any wavelength to be calibrated, attenuating the liquid crystal voltage to minimize IL of the WSS, and recording wavelength-dependent loss curves WDL of all ports of the WSS;
for the switching liquid crystal, the corresponding point of the low voltage point is the minimum IL value of which the polarization state changes in the direction of 90 degrees, and the corresponding point of the high voltage point is the minimum IL value of which the polarization state does not change in the direction; and for the attenuation liquid crystal, finding out the voltage corresponding to the corresponding attenuation according to the voltage U-IL data.
In the embodiment of the present invention, especially when attenuation operation is performed by using an attenuation liquid crystal and IL of any wavelength to be calibrated is consistent under the condition of using an automatic calibration result, the method specifically includes:
determining the maximum IL value in the WDL data, wherein the difference DeltaIL (marked as 603 in FIG. 12) between IL and ILmax of any wavelength is the required pre-attenuation amount of the wavelength; and setting corresponding wavelength attenuation delta IL by using attenuation liquid crystal, wherein IL after all wavelengths are pre-attenuated according to requirements is ILmax, and ensuring that all wavelengths IL are consistent after calibration. As shown in fig. 12, it is necessary to perform a leveling operation on the recorded WDL curve (i.e., a damping operation using a damping liquid crystal to make IL uniform at all wavelengths).
In step 406, the high and low voltages of the N pieces of switching liquid crystals with all wavelengths, the block voltage of the attenuation liquid crystals with all wavelengths, and the voltages of the attenuation stages are obtained, and when a certain wavelength is specified, a certain port is switched, and the attenuation amount is specified, it is only necessary to set the voltage of each piece of switching liquid crystal with the specified wavelength according to the high-low switching configuration corresponding to the port, and set the voltage of the attenuation liquid crystal according to the attenuation voltage of the attenuation liquid crystal corresponding to the attenuation amount with the specified wavelength.
For convenience of explanation, the switching liquid crystal number N is 4, 16 ports are provided in total, and the switching arrangement table is shown in table 1 (SW 1, SW2, SW3, and SW4 for 4 switching liquid crystals, respectively). In Table 1, H represents high voltage, L represents low voltage, and if P1 corresponds to 4 pieces of arrangement HHHHHH, the voltage of 4 pieces of switching liquid crystal is designated to be SW1-H, SW2-H, SW3-H, SW4-H corresponding to a certain wavelength when the wavelength is switched to P1 (wherein SW1-H represents the high voltage of the first piece of switching liquid crystal, SW1-L represents the low voltage of the first piece of switching liquid crystal, and the like); if attenuation is also to be achieved, it is only necessary to apply an attenuation voltage corresponding to the wavelength to the attenuating liquid crystal.
Table 116 port WSS 4 switching liquid crystal corresponding switching configuration:
example 2:
the present invention further provides an automatic calibration system of a wavelength selective switch, which can be used to implement the automatic calibration method of the wavelength selective switch described in embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 7, the system includes a main controller 811, a tunable laser 808, a Wavelength Selective Switch (WSS)809 and a power meter 810, wherein the main controller 811 establishes electrical signal connections with the tunable laser 808, the WSS and the power meter 810, and optical signal paths are established between the tunable laser 808, the WSS and the power meter 810, specifically:
the main controller 811 is configured to set the wavelength of the tunable laser 808 to the calibration wavelength λc(ii) a Setting the voltage of each liquid crystal with the wavelength corresponding to the wavelength selection switch, and acquiring the corresponding relation U between the voltage and the insertion loss of the liquid crystalsC handoverIL, and voltage versus insertion loss correspondence U of the attenuating liquid crystalC attenuation-IL；
The main controller 811 is further configured to delay the phase of the liquid crystal by δcCorresponding relation delta to insertion losscIL, calculating the calibration wavelength λcSwitching the voltage of the liquid crystal and/or attenuating the voltage of the liquid crystal, with a phase delay deltacCorresponding relation of (1) U-deltac(ii) a According to a first equation between the phase delay delta and the birefringence difference delta n (lambda) of the liquid crystal, the thickness d of the liquid crystal box and the wavelength of any laser signal, the phase delay delta corresponding to any wavelength lambda and the corresponding calibration lambda are deducedcDelta ofcBetweenA second equation of relationship; u-delta calculated according to the second equation and the abovecData, calculating the U-delta corresponding data of the switching liquid crystal and/or the attenuation liquid crystal for any wavelength lambda; calculating U-IL data of any wavelength lambda of various liquid crystals by using the delta-IL relation of the liquid crystals; wherein, the delta-IL relationship is based on the phase delay delta of the corresponding wavelength and the corresponding calibration lambdacDelta ofcOf the second equation of (d), and the relation δc-IL is calculated; according to the U-IL curve of any wavelength of various liquid crystals, calculating the low voltage and the high voltage of the switching liquid crystals of all wavelengths and the voltage of each attenuation level of the attenuation liquid crystals, thereby completing the calibration of any wavelength;
the power meter 810 is configured to feed back the detected optical power value to the main controller 811, so that the main controller 811 can calculate the real-time insertion loss IL.
By the scheme set forth by the embodiment of the invention, the calibration data of other wavelengths is calculated by the calibration data of one wavelength, namely the calibration of wavelength dimensions; wherein, the high voltage and the low voltage of the switching liquid crystal correspond to two states, and the N pieces of liquid crystal correspond to 2NOne state, corresponding to completion 2NScaling of individual ports, i.e. scaling of port dimensions; wherein, the calibration of each attenuation gear of the attenuation liquid crystal corresponds to the calibration of attenuation dimension; the calibration of three dimensions of wavelength, port and attenuation is completed through computer calculation. The traditional scheme needs to traverse all the wavelengths, so compared with the traditional calibration scheme, the method improves the calibration efficiency, can calculate corresponding calibration data in real time according to the wavelengths to be calibrated, and reduces the calibration time. In addition, the calibration method provided by the invention obtains calibration data by adopting a calculation mode, ensures the consistency of the data, eliminates the system error existing in the existing calibration method and improves the precision of the calibration data.
With reference to the embodiment of the present invention, there is an optional implementation scheme, where when the switching liquid crystal 202 in the wavelength selective switch WSS809 specifically uses a TN liquid crystal, the first equation is as follows: δ 2 pi/λ Δ n (λ) d; wherein, the birefringence difference Deltan (lambda) of the liquid crystal to any wavelength is fixed, and the thickness d of the liquid crystal box in the calibration environment is fixedIn (1). Accordingly, the second equation is: delta n (lambda) × lambdac/(△n(λc)*λ)*δc。
In the embodiment of the present invention, the main controller 811 is further configured to calculate a switching liquid crystal of any wavelength to be calibrated, attenuate a liquid crystal voltage to minimize IL of the WSS, and record wavelength-dependent loss curves WDL of all ports of the wavelength selective switch WSS 809; for the switching liquid crystal, the corresponding point of the low voltage point is the minimum IL value of which the polarization state changes in the direction of 90 degrees, and the corresponding point of the high voltage point is the minimum IL value of which the polarization state does not change in the direction; and for the attenuation liquid crystal, finding out the voltage corresponding to the corresponding attenuation according to the voltage U-IL data.
In this embodiment of the present invention, the main controller 811 is further configured to determine the maximum value of IL in the WDL data, and the difference Δ IL between IL and ILmax of any wavelength is the amount of pre-attenuation required for the wavelength; and setting corresponding wavelength attenuation delta IL by using attenuation liquid crystal, wherein IL after all wavelengths are pre-attenuated according to requirements is ILmax, and the attenuation delta IL is used for ensuring the consistency of IL after calibration.
Please refer to fig. 13, which is a block diagram illustrating a main controller 811 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The main controller 811 of this embodiment includes one or more processors 61 and a memory 62. In fig. 13, one processor 61 is taken as an example.
The processor 61 and the memory 62 may be connected by a bus or other means, and fig. 13 illustrates the connection by a bus as an example.
The memory 62, which is a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium for an automatic calibration method of a wavelength selective switch, can be used to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer-executable programs, and modules, such as the automatic calibration method of a wavelength selective switch and corresponding program instructions (e.g., data processing and corresponding calculation processes shown in fig. 1) in embodiments 1-3. The processor 61 executes various functional applications and data processing of the main controller 811 by running the nonvolatile software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 62, that is, realizes the automatic scaling method of the wavelength selection switch of embodiment 1 and the functions of the main controller of embodiment 2.
The memory 62 may include high speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory 62 may optionally include memory located remotely from the processor 61, and these remote memories may be connected to the processor 61 via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
The program instructions/modules stored in the memory 62, when executed by the one or more processors 61, perform the auto-scaling method of the wavelength selective switch of embodiment 1 described above.
It should be noted that, because the contents of information interaction, execution process, and the like between the modules and units in the apparatus and system are based on the same concept as that of the processing method embodiment 1 of the present invention, specific contents may refer to the description in the method embodiment 1 of the present invention, and are not described herein again.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for automatically calibrating a wavelength selective switch, the method comprising:
setting laser wavelength to calibration wavelength lambdac；
Setting the voltage of each liquid crystal with the wavelength corresponding to the wavelength selection switch, and acquiring the corresponding relation U between the voltage and the insertion loss of the liquid crystalsC handoverIL, and voltage versus insertion loss correspondence U of the attenuating liquid crystalC attenuation-IL；
According to a calibration wavelength lambdacPhase delay delta of liquid crystalcCorresponding relation delta to insertion losscIL, calculating the calibration wavelength λcSwitching the voltage of the liquid crystal and/or attenuating the voltage of the liquid crystal, with a scaling wavelength lambdacIs delayed by a phase delay deltacCorresponding relation of (1) U-deltac；
According to a first equation between the phase delay delta and the birefringence difference delta n (lambda) of the liquid crystal, the thickness d of the liquid crystal box and the wavelength of any laser signal, the phase delay delta corresponding to any wavelength lambda and the corresponding calibration wavelength lambda are deducedcDelta ofcA second equation of relationship therebetween;
u-delta calculated according to the second equation and the abovecData, calculating the U-delta corresponding data of the switching liquid crystal and/or the attenuation liquid crystal for any wavelength lambda; calculating U-IL data of any wavelength lambda of various liquid crystals by using the delta-IL relation of the liquid crystals; wherein, the delta-IL relationship is based on the phase delay delta of the corresponding wavelength and the corresponding calibration lambdacDelta ofcOf the second equation of (d), and the relation δc-IL is calculated;
according to the U-IL curve of any wavelength of various liquid crystals, calculating the low voltage and the high voltage of the switching liquid crystals of all wavelengths and the voltage of each attenuation level of the attenuation liquid crystals, thereby completing the calibration of any wavelength;
specifically, the low voltage and the high voltage of the switching liquid crystal of all the wavelengths are calculated according to the U-IL curve of all the wavelengths of the switching liquid crystal, and the combination of the high voltage and the low voltage of a plurality of pieces of liquid crystal is used for realizing the switching of all the ports; correspondingly finishing the dimension calibration of the ports of all the wavelengths; calculating blocking voltages and attenuation level voltages of the attenuation liquid crystals with all wavelengths according to the U-IL curves of all wavelengths of the attenuation liquid crystals, and correspondingly finishing calibration of attenuation dimensions of all wavelengths; according to the calculation of the switching liquid crystal and the attenuation liquid crystal, the calibration of ports and attenuation of all wavelengths is completed, and the calibration of three dimensions of the wavelength, the ports and the attenuation is realized;
wherein the first equation is:
the birefringence difference of the liquid crystal to any wavelength is delta n (lambda), and the thickness d of the liquid crystal box in a calibration environment is fixed;
the second equation is:
wherein Deltan (lambda) is a birefringence difference of the liquid crystal with respect to an arbitrary wavelength, and Deltan (lambda)c) Difference in birefringence, delta, for a calibration wavelengthcTo scale the phase delay of the wavelength.
2. The method for automatically calibrating a wavelength selective switch according to claim 1, wherein the calibration of any wavelength is performed by:
acquiring switching liquid crystal with any wavelength to be calibrated, attenuating the liquid crystal voltage to minimize the insertion loss IL of the wavelength selective switch WSS, and recording wavelength-dependent loss curves WDL of all ports of the wavelength selective switch WSS;
for the switching liquid crystal, the low voltage point corresponds to the minimum insertion loss IL value with the polarization state changing in the direction of 90 degrees, and the high voltage corresponds to the minimum insertion loss IL value with the polarization state not changing in the direction; and for the attenuation liquid crystal, finding out the voltage corresponding to the corresponding attenuation according to the voltage U-IL data.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein when the automatic calibration result is used, the attenuation liquid crystal is used to perform attenuation operation to make the insertion loss IL of any wavelength to be calibrated consistent, and the method comprises:
determining the maximum value of the insertion loss IL in the wavelength-dependent loss curve WDL data, wherein the difference value delta IL between the insertion loss IL of any wavelength and the maximum value ILmax of the insertion loss IL is the required pre-attenuation quantity of the wavelength; attenuation delta IL of corresponding wavelength is set by using attenuation liquid crystal, and the insertion loss IL of all the wavelengths subjected to pre-attenuation according to needs is the maximum insertion loss ILmax, so that the insertion loss IL is consistent after calibration.
4. An automatic calibration system of a wavelength selective switch is characterized in that the system comprises a main controller, a tunable laser, a wavelength selective switch WSS and a power meter, wherein the main controller is electrically connected with the tunable laser, the wavelength selective switch WSS and the power meter, and an optical signal path is established among the tunable laser, the wavelength selective switch WSS and the power meter, specifically:
the main controller is used for setting the wavelength of the tunable laser to be a calibration wavelength lambdac(ii) a Setting the voltage of each liquid crystal with the wavelength corresponding to the wavelength selection switch, and acquiring the corresponding relation U between the voltage and the insertion loss of the liquid crystalsC handoverIL, and voltage versus insertion loss correspondence U of the attenuating liquid crystalC attenuation-IL；
The main controller is also used for delaying delta according to the phase of the liquid crystalcCorresponding relation delta to insertion losscIL, calculating the calibration wavelength λcSwitching the voltage of the liquid crystal and/or attenuating the voltage of the liquid crystal, with a phase delay deltacCorresponding relation of (1) U-deltac(ii) a According to a first equation between the phase delay delta and the birefringence difference delta n (lambda) of the liquid crystal, the thickness d of the liquid crystal box and the wavelength of any laser signal, the phase delay delta corresponding to any wavelength lambda and the corresponding calibration lambda are deducedcDelta ofcA second equation of relationship therebetween; u-delta calculated according to the second equation and the abovecData, calculating the U-delta corresponding data of the switching liquid crystal and/or the attenuation liquid crystal for any wavelength lambda; calculating U-IL data of any wavelength lambda of various liquid crystals by using the delta-IL relation of the liquid crystals; wherein, the delta-IL relationship is based on the phase delay delta of the corresponding wavelength and the corresponding calibration lambdacDelta ofcOf the second equation of (d), and the relation δc-IL is calculated; according to the U-IL curve of any wavelength of various liquid crystals, calculating the low voltage and the high voltage of the switching liquid crystals of all wavelengths and the voltage of each attenuation level of the attenuation liquid crystals, thereby completing the calibration of any wavelength;
the power meter is used for feeding back the detected optical power value to the main controller so that the main controller can calculate real-time insertion loss IL;
specifically, the low voltage and the high voltage of the switching liquid crystal of all the wavelengths are calculated according to the U-IL curve of all the wavelengths of the switching liquid crystal, and the combination of the high voltage and the low voltage of a plurality of pieces of liquid crystal is used for realizing the switching of all the ports; correspondingly finishing the dimension calibration of the ports of all the wavelengths; calculating blocking voltages and attenuation level voltages of the attenuation liquid crystals with all wavelengths according to the U-IL curves of all wavelengths of the attenuation liquid crystals, and correspondingly finishing calibration of attenuation dimensions of all wavelengths; according to the calculation of the switching liquid crystal and the attenuation liquid crystal, the calibration of ports and attenuation of all wavelengths is completed, and the calibration of three dimensions of the wavelength, the ports and the attenuation is realized;
wherein the first equation is:
the birefringence difference of the liquid crystal to any wavelength is delta n (lambda), and the thickness d of the liquid crystal box in a calibration environment is fixed;
the second equation is:
wherein Deltan (lambda) is a birefringence difference of the liquid crystal with respect to an arbitrary wavelength, and Deltan (lambda)c) Difference in birefringence, delta, for a calibration wavelengthcTo scale the phase delay of the wavelength.
5. The automatic calibration system of the wavelength selective switch according to claim 4, wherein the main controller is further configured to calculate a switching liquid crystal of any wavelength to be calibrated, attenuate a liquid crystal voltage to minimize an insertion loss IL of the wavelength selective switch WSS, and record wavelength-dependent loss curves WDL of all ports of the wavelength selective switch WSS; for the switching liquid crystal, the low voltage point corresponds to the minimum insertion loss IL value with the polarization state changing in the direction of 90 degrees, and the high voltage corresponds to the minimum insertion loss IL value with the polarization state not changing in the direction; and for the attenuation liquid crystal, finding out the voltage corresponding to the corresponding attenuation according to the voltage U-IL data.
6. The system for automatically scaling a wavelength selective switch according to claim 5, wherein said master controller is further configured to determine a maximum value of insertion loss IL in the wavelength-dependent loss curve WDL data, and a difference Δ IL between the insertion loss IL and the maximum value ILmax of insertion loss IL for any wavelength is a required pre-attenuation amount for that wavelength; attenuation delta IL corresponding to the wavelength is set by using attenuation liquid crystal, and the insertion loss IL after all the wavelengths are pre-attenuated according to the needs is ILmax, so that the insertion loss IL is consistent after calibration.
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