CN107574294B - The heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves - Google Patents
The heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of heat processing techniques of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves, belong to technology field.Its step are as follows, the first step：Upsetting air valve crude green body；Second step：Solid solution；Third walks：Working hardening；4th step：Ageing treatment.The technique increases upsetting air valve crude green body and working hardening on the basis of traditional solid solution+ageing treatment, and strictly controls water cooling time, air cooling time, initial forging temperature, forging and stamping number and the deflection before valve stem and the forging and stamping processing of garlic portion.The technique can be such that 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves tensile strength and yield strength significantly improves, plasticity index (elongation after fracture and the contraction percentage of area) does not decline or slightly rises, metallographic structure is more ideal, with the 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves of the technique productions, fatigue strength, safety, reliability and service life are greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technology fields, and in particular to a kind of heat of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo diesel valves adds
Work technique.
Background technology
4Cr14Ni14W2Mo steel air valves are one of critical movements parts of diesel engine heart, but be its fundamental parts and
Quick-wear part.
As " heart " movement parts, it is the critical movements part for determining diesel engine performance and reliability.
Based on part, it plays a very important role the maintenance cycle and service life of diesel engine.
If air valve fails in service life, by parts such as the cylinders, piston, booster that directly contribute on diesel engine
The serious consequences such as deformation even damage, this will cause huge economic loss to user.
Since air valve is consumable product, " heart " is occupied, diesel engine needs to disintegrate when replacing it, and work consuming takes.If
Air valve breaks down in use, is lost caused by parking accident, especially marine diesel, air valve must be caused to fail
It will bigger.
China is all the drawing (but not providing manufacturing process) for introducing developed country's design there are many model diesel valve,
Air valve material is 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo, design requirement：Tensile strength sigma b >=830MPa, it 0.2 >=430MPa of yield strength σ, has no progeny
Elongation δ 5 >=20%, contraction percentage of area ψ >=35%, grain size number are not less than 4 grades, mustn't have netted compound to be precipitated.Mesh
Before, external hot-working 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves, using bar solid solution+cold rolling+valve disc forming+this technique of ageing treatment come
Meet design requirement.
It is recorded according to the pertinent literature and technical data of austenite shaped steel 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo, China's heat treatment reinforcement work
The heat treatment process that skill and each manufacturer use is solid solution：1150~1180 DEG C, heat preservation 1.5~2 hours, water cooling；Timeliness：
750~770 DEG C, heat preservation 5~7 hours, water cooling (i.e.：The heat processing technique of solid solution+timeliness improves mechanical performance).But multiple
During trial-production and long-term production, solid solution and aging technique parameter are adjusted in any case, it is strong that mechanical performance all can only achieve tension
Spend σ b：796~825MPa, yield strength σ 0.2：394~426MPa, elongation after fracture δ 5：20.5~26%, the contraction percentage of area
ψ：36~42%, 4~7 grades of grain size, without netted compound be precipitated.
It was found from the above situation：Intensity index (including tensile strength sigma b and yield strength σ 0.2) all unqualified, Wu Faman
Sufficient design requirement.It is not ideal enough that this has resulted in the safety of air valve, reliability and service life.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of heat processing techniques of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves, to improve air valve intensity,
To increase safety, reliability and the service life of diesel engine operation.
For this purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves, including
Following steps：
The first step：Upsetting air valve crude green body；
Air valve crude green body with garlic portion is formed using round bar upsetting system, the garlic head diameter of the air valve crude green body is less than air valve
The valve disc diameter of blank, air valve crude green body gauge diameter are more than air valve blank stem diameter；
Second step：Solid solution；
Be packed into an air valve crude green body at interval of 90~100 seconds with through high temperature furnace of working continuously, in order 1150~
1180 DEG C keep the temperature 1.5~2 hours, at interval of 90~100 seconds in order first shove charge first go out, workpiece goes out water-air cooling after entering water rapid cooling,
Workpiece bar portion surface temperature is gone up to 790~810 DEG C at this time；
Third walks：Working hardening；
(a) bar portion is put into air valve valve rod immediately to dial in long mold, with electric screw press to the valve rod of air valve crude green body
Under pulling 2~4, deflection is set to reach 30~40%, and reach the valve rod size of air valve blank, then workpiece is integrally entered water immediately
Go out water-air cooling after rapid cooling, workpiece garlic portion surface temperature is gone up to 820~840 DEG C at this time；
(b) workpiece is integrally put into immediately in air valve valve disc forge die, with electric screw press to air valve crude green body
Under garlic portion forging and stamping 3~6, maximum deformation quantity is set to reach 70~80%, and reach the valve disc size of air valve blank, then immediately by work
Part is integral water-cooled；
4th step：Ageing treatment；
After air valve blank is cold, the ageing treatment of 750~770 DEG C of heat preservations 5~7 hours, then water cooling are carried out.
The present invention basic principle be：First air valve valve disc position (is only swaged into " garlic ", valve disc is simultaneously by molding air valve crude green body
Unshaped, valve rod are also big compared with air valve blank diameter), then air valve crude green body is dissolved with traditional handicraft, then it is cooled to recrystallization temperature soon
Degree immediately carries out it working hardening (i.e. swaging deformation), and become air valve blank, makes nearby or shortly past recrystallization temperature
The austenite grain of blank, which elongates, to be even crushed, and part or all deformed crystalline substance are retained after rapid cooling, are finally passed again
The ageing treatment of system.
Since the deformation temperature of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valve crude green bodies is relatively low, the recrystallization temperature of the material is high in addition, deformation
Rapid cooling afterwards can reduce reply or recrystallization, or even not recrystallize.Therefore, there are a large amount of crystal defects in air valve matrix
It is retained, grain boundary area also obviously increases, this increases the second phase nucleation site for ageing treatment, that is, when increasing same
The nucleation rate of hardening constituent under the conditions of effect makes the spread bigger of precipitated phase.This is not only imitated than identical traditional aging process strengthening
Fruit is more preferable, but also increases working hardening on this basis.
So 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves are through solid solution+working hardening+ageing strengthening, (part time only occurs for air valve at this time
Multiple, do not recrystallize) reinforcing effect, hence it is evident that be higher than traditional handicraft solid solution+ageing strengthening, and plasticity index do not decline or
Slightly rise, metallographic structure is more ideal, through magnetic powder inspection and x-ray inspection air valve flawless.
4Cr14Ni14W2Mo diesel valves produced by the invention survey mechanical performance with universal testing machine, use metallographic
Microscope surveys metallographic structure, and crackle is detected with magnaflux and x-ray inspection equipment.After testing, 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves
Mechanical performance is up to tensile strength sigma b：874~922MPa, yield strength σ 0.2：481~518MPa, elongation after fracture δ 5：21~
27%, contraction percentage of area ψ：36~43.5%, 6~9 grades of grain size, be precipitated without netted compound, visited through magnetic powder inspection and X-ray
Hinder flawless.
As a preferred embodiment of the above solution, in the working hardening step, the valve rod of air valve crude green body pulls out 2~4 times, and air valve is thick
The garlic portion of base forges and presses 3~6 times, and air valve valve rod is dialled in growth process, and rotational workpieces can avoid valve rod and generate overlap.Working hardening is imitated
Fruit increases with the increase of deflection, if deflection is excessive, there is the risk cracked, so, often hit deformation
Amount should control in a certain range；Since air valve valve rod forge die uses upper and lower two halves formula symmetrical structure, at die-closed position
Overlap is easy tod produce, is often forged and pressed, can effectively avoid overlap by the way of workpiece rotation generates, it is ensured that follow-up air valve valve disc
When forging and stamping, workpiece can be smoothly put into air valve valve disc forge die.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：It is thick to increase upsetting air valve on the basis of traditional solid solution+ageing treatment for the technique
Base and working hardening, and strictly control valve stem and garlic portion forging and stamping processing before the water cooling time, air cooling time, initial forging temperature,
Forge and press number and deflection.This heat processing technique makes the tensile strength of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves and yield strength significantly improve,
Plasticity index (elongation after fracture and the contraction percentage of area) slightly rises, and precipitation distributed mutually is more reasonable, through carrying out flaw detection flawless.
The 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves produced with above-mentioned new process, all meet the high performance diesel air valve introduced from developed country
Design requirement makes its fatigue strength, service life and reliability be significantly improved.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure size schematic diagram of air valve crude green body.
Fig. 2 is the structure size schematic diagram of air valve blank
Fig. 3 is the front view that air valve valve rod dials long mold.
Fig. 4 is the left view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of air valve valve disc forge die.
Specific implementation mode
By way of example and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the invention will be further described：
Embodiment 1：
A kind of heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves, includes the following steps：
The first step：Upsetting air valve crude green body；
Air valve crude green body with garlic portion is formed using round bar upsetting system, the garlic head diameter of the air valve crude green body is less than air valve
The valve disc diameter of blank, the gauge diameter of air valve crude green body are more than the stem diameter of air valve blank, and Fig. 1 show air valve crude green body, Fig. 2
It show air valve blank.
Second step：Solid solution；
It was packed into an air valve crude green body at interval of 90 seconds with through high temperature furnace of working continuously, is kept the temperature in order at 1180 DEG C
1.5 hours, at interval of 90 seconds in order first shove charge first go out, the workpiece after coming out of the stove enters water rapid cooling 7 seconds, after go out water-air cooling 6 seconds, at this time
Workpiece bar portion surface temperature is gone up to 794 DEG C, with portable infrared thermometer thermometric.
Third walks：Working hardening；
(a) workpiece bar portion is put into air valve valve rod immediately to dial in long mold (in conjunction with shown in 3, Fig. 4), with electronic helical pressure
Machine forges and presses 2 times pullings to the valve rod of air valve crude green body, so that deflection is reached 32%, valve rod reaches the valve rod ruler of air valve blank after deformation
It is very little, then workpiece is integrally entered to water rapid cooling immediately 2 seconds, after go out water-air cooling 4 seconds, workpiece garlic portion surface temperature is gone up to 837 at this time
DEG C, with portable infrared thermometer thermometric.
(b) workpiece is integrally put into immediately in air valve valve disc forge die (as shown in Figure 5), with electric screw press pair
Under the garlic portion forging and stamping 6 of air valve crude green body, maximum deformation quantity is set to reach 80%, and reach the valve disc size of air valve blank, then immediately
Workpiece is integral water-cooled；
4th step：Ageing treatment；
After air valve blank is cold, the ageing treatment of 770 DEG C of heat preservations 5 hours, then water cooling are carried out.
Mechanical performance, tensile strength sigma b are surveyed with universal testing machine：917MPa, yield strength σ 0.2：506MPa, it has no progeny
Elongation δ 5：24.5%, contraction percentage of area ψ：41%.Metallographic structure is surveyed with metallographic microscope：7 grades of grain size, without netted chemical combination
Object is precipitated, through magnetic powder inspection and x-ray inspection flawless.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves, includes the following steps：
The first step：Upsetting air valve crude green body；
Air valve crude green body with garlic portion is formed using round bar upsetting system, the garlic head diameter of the air valve crude green body is less than air valve
The valve disc diameter of blank, the gauge diameter of air valve crude green body are more than the stem diameter of air valve blank, and Fig. 1 show air valve crude green body, Fig. 2
It show air valve blank.
Second step：Solid solution；
It was packed into an air valve crude green body at interval of 100 seconds with through high temperature furnace of working continuously, is kept the temperature in order at 1165 DEG C
105 minutes, at interval of 100 seconds in order first shove charge first go out, the workpiece after coming out of the stove enters water rapid cooling 6 seconds, after go out water-air cooling 4 seconds, this
When workpiece bar portion surface temperature go up to 792 DEG C, with portable infrared thermometer thermometric.
Third walks：Working hardening；
(a) workpiece bar portion is put into air valve valve rod immediately to dial in long mold (in conjunction with shown in 3, Fig. 4), with electronic helical pressure
Machine forges and presses 3 times pullings to the valve rod of air valve crude green body, so that deflection is reached 37%, valve rod reaches the valve rod ruler of air valve blank after deformation
It is very little, then workpiece is integrally entered to water rapid cooling immediately 3 seconds, after go out water-air cooling 5 seconds, workpiece garlic portion surface temperature is gone up to 824 at this time
DEG C, with portable infrared thermometer thermometric.
(b) workpiece is integrally put into immediately in air valve valve disc forge die, with electric screw press to air valve crude green body
Under garlic portion forging and stamping 3, maximum deformation quantity is set to reach 70%, and reach the valve disc size of air valve blank, then immediately by workpiece entirety
Water cooling；
4th step：Ageing treatment；
After air valve blank is cold, the ageing treatment of 760 DEG C of heat preservations 6 hours, then water cooling are carried out.
Mechanical performance, tensile strength sigma b are surveyed with universal testing machine：879MPa, yield strength σ 0.2：485MPa, it has no progeny
Elongation δ 5：26%, contraction percentage of area ψ：42.5%.Metallographic structure is surveyed with metallographic microscope：8 grades of grain size, without netted chemical combination
Object is precipitated, through magnetic powder inspection and x-ray inspection flawless.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves, includes the following steps：
The first step：Upsetting air valve crude green body；
Air valve crude green body with garlic portion is formed using round bar upsetting system, the garlic head diameter of the air valve crude green body is less than air valve
The valve disc diameter of blank, the gauge diameter of air valve crude green body are more than the stem diameter of air valve blank, and Fig. 1 show air valve crude green body, Fig. 2
It show air valve blank.
Second step：Solid solution；
It was packed into an air valve crude green body at interval of 95 seconds with through high temperature furnace of working continuously, keeps the temperature 2 at 1150 DEG C in order
Hour, at interval of 95 seconds in order first shove charge first go out, the workpiece after coming out of the stove enters water rapid cooling 5 seconds, after go out water-air cooling 5 seconds, work at this time
Part bar portion surface temperature is gone up to 798 DEG C, with portable infrared thermometer thermometric.
Third walks：Working hardening；
(a) workpiece bar portion is put into air valve valve rod immediately to dial in long mold (in conjunction with shown in 3, Fig. 4), with electronic helical pressure
Machine forges and presses 4 times pullings to the valve rod of air valve crude green body, so that deflection is reached 40%, valve rod reaches the valve rod ruler of air valve blank after deformation
It is very little, then workpiece is integrally entered to water rapid cooling immediately 4 seconds, after go out water-air cooling 6 seconds, workpiece garlic portion surface temperature is gone up to 823 at this time
DEG C, with portable infrared thermometer thermometric.
(b) workpiece is integrally put into immediately in air valve valve disc forge die, with electric screw press to air valve crude green body
Under garlic portion forging and stamping 5, maximum deformation quantity is set to reach 77%, and reach the valve disc size of air valve blank, then immediately by workpiece entirety
Water cooling；
4th step：Ageing treatment；
After air valve blank is cold, the ageing treatment of 750 DEG C of heat preservations 7 hours, then water cooling are carried out.
Mechanical performance, tensile strength sigma b are surveyed with universal testing machine：907MPa, yield strength σ 0.2：493MPa, it has no progeny
Elongation δ 5：22%, contraction percentage of area ψ：37.5%.Metallographic structure is surveyed with metallographic microscope：9 grades of grain size, without netted chemical combination
Object is precipitated, through magnetic powder inspection and x-ray inspection flawless.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves, which is characterized in that include the following steps：The first step：Upsetting gas
Valve crude green body；Air valve crude green body with garlic portion is formed using round bar upsetting system, the garlic head diameter of the air valve crude green body is less than air valve
The valve disc diameter of blank, air valve crude green body gauge diameter are more than air valve blank stem diameter；
Second step：Solid solution；
It was packed into an air valve crude green body at interval of 90~100 seconds with through high temperature furnace of working continuously, in order 1150~1180
DEG C heat preservation 1.5~2 hours, at interval of 90~100 seconds in order first shove charge first go out, workpiece goes out water-air cooling after entering water rapid cooling, at this time
Workpiece bar portion surface temperature is gone up to 790~810 DEG C；
Third walks：Working hardening；
（a）Bar portion is put into air valve valve rod immediately to dial in long mold, 2 are pulled out to the valve rod of air valve crude green body with electric screw press
Under~4, deflection is made to reach 30~40%, and reach the valve rod size of air valve blank, then after workpiece is integrally entered water rapid cooling immediately
Go out water-air cooling, workpiece garlic portion surface temperature is gone up to 820~840 DEG C at this time；
（b）Workpiece is integrally put into immediately in air valve valve disc forge die, with electric screw press to the garlic of air valve crude green body
Under portion's forging and stamping 3~6, maximum deformation quantity is set to reach 70~80%, and reach the valve disc size of air valve blank, then immediately that workpiece is whole
Body water cooling；
4th step：Ageing treatment；
After air valve blank is cold, the ageing treatment of 750~770 DEG C of heat preservations 5~7 hours, then water cooling are carried out.
2. the heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that：The deformation is strong
Change in step, under the valve rod pulling 2~4 of air valve crude green body, under the garlic portion forging and stamping 3~6 of air valve crude green body, air valve valve rod dials growth process
In, air valve crude green body, which will rotate, just can avoid valve rod generation overlap.
3. the heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that：The solid solution step
In rapid, enter water rapid cooling 5~7 seconds, go out water-air cooling 4~6 seconds.
4. the heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that：The deformation is strong
Change in step, enters water rapid cooling 2~4 seconds after the pulling of air valve valve rod, go out water-air cooling 4~6 seconds.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110814662B (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-08-17 | 重庆跃进机械厂有限公司 | Method for processing diesel engine valve blank |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112680583A (en) * | 2019-10-19 | 2021-04-20 | 赵毛兴 | Processing technology for carrying out local solid solution strengthening on neck of valve disc and valve rod |
| CN111097868A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-05 | 南京中远海运船舶设备配件有限公司 | Nickel-based superalloy marine low-speed diesel engine air valve blank-making forming process |
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