CN107574294A - The heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves - Google Patents
The heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves, belong to technology field.Its step is as follows, the first step：Upsetting air valve crude green body；Second step：Solid solution；3rd step：Working hardening；4th step：Ageing Treatment.The technique adds upsetting air valve crude green body and working hardening on the basis of traditional solid solution+Ageing Treatment, and strictly controls water cooling time, air cooling time, initial forging temperature, forging and stamping number and the deflection before valve stem and the forging and stamping processing of garlic portion.The technique can significantly improve 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves tensile strength and yield strength, plasticity index (elongation after fracture and the contraction percentage of area) does not decline or slightly risen, metallographic structure is more preferable, with the 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves of the technique productions, fatigue strength, security, reliability and service life are greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technology field, and in particular to a kind of heat of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo diesel valves adds
Work technique.
Background technology
4Cr14Ni14W2Mo steel air valves are one of critical movements parts of diesel engine heart, be again its fundamental parts and
Quick-wear part.
As " heart " movement parts, it is to determine diesel engine performance and the critical movements part of reliability.
Based on part, its maintenance cycle and service life to diesel engine plays a very important role.
If air valve fails in service life, by parts such as the cylinders, piston, booster that directly contribute on diesel engine
The deformation even serious consequence such as damage, this will cause huge economic loss to user.
Because air valve is consumable product, " heart " is occupied, diesel engine needs to disintegrate when changing it, and work consuming takes.If
Air valve is broken down in use, and parking accident, particularly marine diesel, air valve must be caused to be lost caused by failing
Will be bigger.
It is all the drawing (but not providing manufacturing process) for introducing developed country's design that, which there is Multiple Type diesel valve in China,
Air valve material is 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo, design requirement：Tensile strength sigma b >=830MPa, 0.2 >=430MPa of yield strength σ, have no progeny
Elongation δ 5 >=20%, contraction percentage of area ψ >=35%, grain size number are not less than 4 grades, mustn't have netted compound to separate out.Mesh
Before, external hot-working 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves, be dissolved using bar+cold rolling+valve disc shaping+this technique of Ageing Treatment come
Meet design requirement.
Recorded according to austenite shaped steel 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo pertinent literature and technical data, China's heat treatment reinforcement work
The Technology for Heating Processing that skill and each manufacturer use is solid solution：1150~1180 DEG C, insulation 1.5~2 hours, water cooling；Timeliness：
750~770 DEG C, insulation 5~7 hours, water cooling (i.e.：The heat processing technique of solid solution+timeliness improves mechanical performance).But multiple
During trial-production and long-term production, solid solution and aging technique parameter are adjusted in any case, it is strong that mechanical performance all can only achieve tension
Spend σ b：796~825MPa, yield strength σ 0.2：394~426MPa, elongation after fracture δ 5：20.5~26%, the contraction percentage of area
ψ：36~42%, 4~7 grades of grain size, without netted compound separate out.
It was found from the above situation：Intensity index (including tensile strength sigma b and yield strength σ 0.2) all unqualified, Wu Faman
Sufficient design requirement.The security, reliability and service life that this has resulted in air valve are not ideal enough.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves, to improve air valve intensity,
So as to increase security, reliability and the service life of diesel engine operation.
Therefore, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves, including
Following steps：
The first step：Upsetting air valve crude green body；
Air valve crude green body with garlic portion is formed using round bar upsetting system, the garlic head diameter of the air valve crude green body is less than air valve
The valve disc diameter of blank, air valve crude green body gauge diameter are more than air valve blank stem diameter；
Second step：Solid solution；
Loaded an air valve crude green body at interval of 90~100 seconds with through high temperature furnace of working continuously, in order 1150~
1180 DEG C be incubated 1.5~2 hours, at interval of 90~100 seconds in order first shove charge first go out, workpiece goes out water-air cooling after entering water rapid cooling,
Now workpiece bar portion surface temperature is gone up to 790~810 DEG C；
3rd step：Working hardening；
(a) bar portion is put into air valve valve rod immediately to dial in long mould, the valve rod with electric screw press to air valve crude green body
Under pulling 2~4, deflection is reached 30~40%, and reach the valve rod size of air valve blank, then workpiece is integrally entered into water immediately
Go out water-air cooling after rapid cooling, now workpiece garlic portion surface temperature is gone up to 820~840 DEG C；
(b) workpiece is integrally put into air valve valve disc forge die immediately, with electric screw press to air valve crude green body
Under garlic portion forging and stamping 3~6, maximum deformation quantity is reached 70~80%, and reach the valve disc size of air valve blank, then immediately by work
Part is integral water-cooled；
4th step：Ageing Treatment；
After air valve blank is cold, the Ageing Treatment of 750~770 DEG C of insulations 5~7 hours, then water cooling are carried out.
The present invention general principle be：Air valve crude green body is first molded (to be only swaged at air valve valve disc position " garlic ", valve disc is simultaneously
Unshaped, valve rod are also big compared with air valve blank diameter), then air valve crude green body is dissolved with traditional handicraft, then it is cooled to recrystallization temperature soon
Degree carries out working hardening (i.e. swaging deformation) to it immediately nearby or shortly past recrystallization temperature, and becomes air valve blank, makes
The austenite crystal of blank, which elongates, even to be crushed, and part or all deformed crystalline substance are retained after rapid cooling, are finally passed again
The Ageing Treatment of system.
Because the deformation temperature of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valve crude green bodies is relatively low, the recrystallization temperature of the material is high in addition, deformation
Rapid cooling afterwards, reply or recrystallization can be reduced, or even do not recrystallized.Therefore, there are a large amount of crystal defects in air valve matrix
It is retained, grain boundary area also substantially increases, and this is that Ageing Treatment adds the second phase nucleation site, that is, when increasing equal
The nucleation rate of hardening constituent under the conditions of effect, make the spread of precipitated phase bigger.This is not only imitated than identical traditional aging process strengthening
Fruit is more preferable, but also adds working hardening on this basis.
So 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves are through solid solution+working hardening+ageing strengthening, (now part time only occurs for air valve
Multiple, do not recrystallize) reinforcing effect, hence it is evident that higher than traditional handicraft solid solution+ageing strengthening, and plasticity index do not decline or
Slightly rise, metallographic structure is more preferable, through magnetic powder inspection and x-ray inspection air valve flawless.
4Cr14Ni14W2Mo diesel valves produced by the invention, mechanical performance is surveyed with universal testing machine, uses metallographic
Microscope surveys metallographic structure, and crackle is detected with magnaflux and x-ray inspection equipment.After testing, 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves
Mechanical performance is up to tensile strength sigma b：874~922MPa, yield strength σ 0.2：481~518MPa, elongation after fracture δ 5：21~
27%th, contraction percentage of area ψ：36~43.5%, 6~9 grades of grain size, separate out without netted compound, visited through magnetic powder inspection and X ray
Hinder flawless.
As the preferred of such scheme, in the working hardening step, the valve rod of air valve crude green body pulls out 2~4 times, and air valve is thick
The garlic portion of base is forged and pressed 3~6 times, and air valve valve rod is dialled in growth process, and rotational workpieces can avoid valve rod from producing overlap.Working hardening is imitated
Fruit increases with the increase of deflection, if deflection is excessive, there is the risk cracked, so, often hit deformation
Amount should control within the specific limits；Because air valve valve rod forge die uses upper and lower two halves formula symmetrical structure, at die-closed position
Overlap is easily produced, often forges and presses, effectively overlap can be avoided to produce by the way of workpiece rotation, it is ensured that follow-up air valve valve disc
During forging and stamping, workpiece can be smoothly put into air valve valve disc forge die.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：It is thick to add upsetting air valve on the basis of traditional solid solution+Ageing Treatment for the technique
Base and working hardening, and strictly control valve stem and garlic portion forging and stamping processing before the water cooling time, air cooling time, initial forging temperature,
Forge and press number and deflection.This heat processing technique significantly improves the tensile strength of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves and yield strength,
Plasticity index (elongation after fracture and the contraction percentage of area) slightly rises, and precipitation distributed mutually is more reasonable, through carrying out flaw detection flawless.
The 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves produced with above-mentioned new technology, all meet the high performance diesel air valve introduced from developed country
Design requirement, its fatigue strength, service life and reliability is set to be significantly improved.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the physical dimension schematic diagram of air valve crude green body.
Fig. 2 is the physical dimension schematic diagram of air valve blank
Fig. 3 is the front view that air valve valve rod dials long mould.
Fig. 4 is Fig. 3 left view.
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of air valve valve disc forge die.
Embodiment
By way of example and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the invention will be further described：
Embodiment 1：
A kind of heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves, comprises the following steps：
The first step：Upsetting air valve crude green body；
Air valve crude green body with garlic portion is formed using round bar upsetting system, the garlic head diameter of the air valve crude green body is less than air valve
The valve disc diameter of blank, the gauge diameter of air valve crude green body are more than the stem diameter of air valve blank, and Fig. 1 show air valve crude green body, Fig. 2
It show air valve blank.
Second step：Solid solution；
Loaded an air valve crude green body at interval of 90 seconds with through high temperature furnace of working continuously, in order in 1180 DEG C of insulations
1.5 hours, at interval of 90 seconds in order first shove charge first go out, the workpiece after coming out of the stove enters water rapid cooling 7 seconds, after go out water-air cooling 6 seconds, now
Workpiece bar portion surface temperature is gone up to 794 DEG C, with portable infrared thermometer thermometric.
3rd step：Working hardening；
(a) workpiece bar portion is put into air valve valve rod immediately to dial in long mould (with reference to shown in 3, Fig. 4), with electronic helical pressure
Machine forges and presses 2 times pullings to the valve rod of air valve crude green body, deflection is reached 32%, valve rod reaches the valve rod chi of air valve blank after deformation
It is very little, then workpiece is integrally entered to water rapid cooling immediately 2 seconds, after go out water-air cooling 4 seconds, now workpiece garlic portion surface temperature is gone up to 837
DEG C, with portable infrared thermometer thermometric.
(b) workpiece is integrally put into air valve valve disc forge die (as shown in Figure 5) immediately, with electric screw press pair
Under the garlic portion forging and stamping 6 of air valve crude green body, maximum deformation quantity is reached 80%, and reach the valve disc size of air valve blank, then immediately
Workpiece is integral water-cooled；
4th step：Ageing Treatment；
After air valve blank is cold, the Ageing Treatment of 770 DEG C of insulations 5 hours, then water cooling are carried out.
Mechanical performance, tensile strength sigma b are surveyed with universal testing machine：917MPa, yield strength σ 0.2：506MPa, have no progeny
Elongation δ 5：24.5%th, contraction percentage of area ψ：41%.Metallographic structure is surveyed with metallographic microscope：7 grades of grain size, without netted chemical combination
Thing separates out, through magnetic powder inspection and x-ray inspection flawless.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves, comprises the following steps：
The first step：Upsetting air valve crude green body；
Air valve crude green body with garlic portion is formed using round bar upsetting system, the garlic head diameter of the air valve crude green body is less than air valve
The valve disc diameter of blank, the gauge diameter of air valve crude green body are more than the stem diameter of air valve blank, and Fig. 1 show air valve crude green body, Fig. 2
It show air valve blank.
Second step：Solid solution；
Loaded an air valve crude green body at interval of 100 seconds with through high temperature furnace of working continuously, in order in 1165 DEG C of insulations
105 minutes, at interval of 100 seconds in order first shove charge first go out, the workpiece after coming out of the stove enters water rapid cooling 6 seconds, after go out water-air cooling 4 seconds, this
When workpiece bar portion surface temperature go up to 792 DEG C, with portable infrared thermometer thermometric.
3rd step：Working hardening；
(a) workpiece bar portion is put into air valve valve rod immediately to dial in long mould (with reference to shown in 3, Fig. 4), with electronic helical pressure
Machine forges and presses 3 times pullings to the valve rod of air valve crude green body, deflection is reached 37%, valve rod reaches the valve rod chi of air valve blank after deformation
It is very little, then workpiece is integrally entered to water rapid cooling immediately 3 seconds, after go out water-air cooling 5 seconds, now workpiece garlic portion surface temperature is gone up to 824
DEG C, with portable infrared thermometer thermometric.
(b) workpiece is integrally put into air valve valve disc forge die immediately, with electric screw press to air valve crude green body
Under garlic portion forging and stamping 3, maximum deformation quantity is reached 70%, and reach the valve disc size of air valve blank, then it is immediately that workpiece is overall
Water cooling；
4th step：Ageing Treatment；
After air valve blank is cold, the Ageing Treatment of 760 DEG C of insulations 6 hours, then water cooling are carried out.
Mechanical performance, tensile strength sigma b are surveyed with universal testing machine：879MPa, yield strength σ 0.2：485MPa, have no progeny
Elongation δ 5：26%th, contraction percentage of area ψ：42.5%.Metallographic structure is surveyed with metallographic microscope：8 grades of grain size, without netted chemical combination
Thing separates out, through magnetic powder inspection and x-ray inspection flawless.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves, comprises the following steps：
The first step：Upsetting air valve crude green body；
Air valve crude green body with garlic portion is formed using round bar upsetting system, the garlic head diameter of the air valve crude green body is less than air valve
The valve disc diameter of blank, the gauge diameter of air valve crude green body are more than the stem diameter of air valve blank, and Fig. 1 show air valve crude green body, Fig. 2
It show air valve blank.
Second step：Solid solution；
Load an air valve crude green body at interval of 95 seconds with through high temperature furnace of working continuously, be incubated 2 at 1150 DEG C in order
Hour, at interval of 95 seconds in order first shove charge first go out, the workpiece after coming out of the stove enters water rapid cooling 5 seconds, after go out water-air cooling 5 seconds, now work
Part bar portion surface temperature is gone up to 798 DEG C, with portable infrared thermometer thermometric.
3rd step：Working hardening；
(a) workpiece bar portion is put into air valve valve rod immediately to dial in long mould (with reference to shown in 3, Fig. 4), with electronic helical pressure
Machine forges and presses 4 times pullings to the valve rod of air valve crude green body, deflection is reached 40%, valve rod reaches the valve rod chi of air valve blank after deformation
It is very little, then workpiece is integrally entered to water rapid cooling immediately 4 seconds, after go out water-air cooling 6 seconds, now workpiece garlic portion surface temperature is gone up to 823
DEG C, with portable infrared thermometer thermometric.
(b) workpiece is integrally put into air valve valve disc forge die immediately, with electric screw press to air valve crude green body
Under garlic portion forging and stamping 5, maximum deformation quantity is reached 77%, and reach the valve disc size of air valve blank, then it is immediately that workpiece is overall
Water cooling；
4th step：Ageing Treatment；
After air valve blank is cold, the Ageing Treatment of 750 DEG C of insulations 7 hours, then water cooling are carried out.
Mechanical performance, tensile strength sigma b are surveyed with universal testing machine：907MPa, yield strength σ 0.2：493MPa, have no progeny
Elongation δ 5：22%th, contraction percentage of area ψ：37.5%.Metallographic structure is surveyed with metallographic microscope：9 grades of grain size, without netted chemical combination
Thing separates out, through magnetic powder inspection and x-ray inspection flawless.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of heat processing technique of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
The first step：Upsetting air valve crude green body；
Air valve crude green body with garlic portion is formed using round bar upsetting system, the garlic head diameter of the air valve crude green body is less than air valve blank
Valve disc diameter, air valve crude green body gauge diameter is more than air valve blank stem diameter；
Second step：Solid solution；
Loaded an air valve crude green body at interval of 90~100 seconds with through high temperature furnace of working continuously, in order 1150~1180
DEG C insulation 1.5~2 hours, at interval of 90~100 seconds in order first shove charge first go out, workpiece goes out water-air cooling after entering water rapid cooling, now
Workpiece bar portion surface temperature is gone up to 790~810 DEG C；
3rd step：Working hardening；
(a) bar portion is put into air valve valve rod immediately to dial in long mould, 2 is pulled out to the valve rod of air valve crude green body with electric screw press
Under~4, deflection is reached 30~40%, and reach the valve rod size of air valve blank, then workpiece is integrally entered to water rapid cooling immediately
After go out water-air cooling, now workpiece garlic portion surface temperature is gone up to 820~840 DEG C；
(b) workpiece is integrally put into air valve valve disc forge die immediately, the garlic with electric screw press to air valve crude green body
Under portion's forging and stamping 3~6, maximum deformation quantity is reached 70~80%, and reach the valve disc size of air valve blank, then it is immediately that workpiece is whole
Body water cooling；
4th step：Ageing Treatment；
After air valve blank is cold, the Ageing Treatment of 750~770 DEG C of insulations 5~7 hours, then water cooling are carried out.
2. according to the heat processing technique of the 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The deformation is strong
Change in step, under the valve rod pulling 2~4 of air valve crude green body, under the garlic portion forging and stamping 3~6 of air valve crude green body, air valve valve rod dials growth process
In, air valve crude green body, which will rotate, can just avoid valve rod from producing overlap (it is two-half structure to dial long mould because of valve rod).
3. according to the heat processing technique of the 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The solid solution step
In rapid, enter water rapid cooling 5~7 seconds, go out water-air cooling 4~6 seconds.
4. according to the heat processing technique of the 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo air valves described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The deformation is strong
Change in step, enter water rapid cooling 2~4 seconds after the pulling of air valve valve rod, go out water-air cooling 4~6 seconds.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110814662A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-21 | 重庆跃进机械厂有限公司 | Method for processing diesel engine valve blank |
| CN111097868A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-05 | 南京中远海运船舶设备配件有限公司 | Nickel-based superalloy marine low-speed diesel engine air valve blank-making forming process |
| CN112680583A (en) * | 2019-10-19 | 2021-04-20 | 赵毛兴 | Processing technology for carrying out local solid solution strengthening on neck of valve disc and valve rod |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112680583A (en) * | 2019-10-19 | 2021-04-20 | 赵毛兴 | Processing technology for carrying out local solid solution strengthening on neck of valve disc and valve rod |
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