CN107417710B - 一种用于高效选择分离吸附的杂环金属有机框架材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于高效选择分离吸附的杂环金属有机框架材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及了一种用于高效选择分离吸附的杂环金属有机框架材料,其制备方法是首先采用溶剂热方法得到均相晶体材料,其次采用无水丙酮进行多次溶剂交换,然后在真空状态下去除材料孔洞内与配位的溶剂分子,最后得到活化后可用于气体吸附与分离的晶体材料。本发明合成的氮配位的杂环金属有机多孔材料,其金属锌组建的次级结构单元不同于经典的Zn4O模式,具有六配位,七配位和八配位三种不同的配位模式,其构建的三维晶体框架材料孔道多样,可分离吸附不同的气体分子。因此,该材料呈现出优异的C2H2/C2H4、CO2/CH4和CO2/N2高效选择分离性能,在功能性气体的选择性分离吸附领域具有潜在的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环境与能源领域气体吸附与分离系统的制备,具体涉及一种金属有机框架材料ZJU-197及其制备方法,该材料可用于C2H2/C2H4、CO2/CH4和CO2/N2高效选择分离吸附。
背景技术
科技的迅猛发展和人类生活水平的日益提高对能源材料提出了更高的挑战。乙烯,作为最重要的化工原料之一,是合成纤维、合成橡胶、合成塑料(聚乙烯及聚氯乙烯)和合成乙醇(酒精)等重要化工产品的基本原料。乙烯工业是石油化工产业的核心,在国民经济中占有举足轻重的地位。乙烯主要来自石油裂解工艺,但是此工艺的产物除了乙烯之外,还混有约1%杂质的乙炔生成。少量乙炔杂质的存在严重影响了乙烯后续的聚合反应,因此高效的去除乙烯中的少量乙炔对提高乙烯利用率具有非常重要的意义。另外,人类对化石能源需求的日益增长带来了严重的能源危机与环境污染。自工业革命以来,人类向大气中排入的二氧化碳等吸热性强的温室气体逐年增加,大气的温室效应也随之增强,引发了全球气候变暖等一系列严重问题。空气中释放的二氧化碳主要来自燃料发动机的尾气,其主要成分是75%的氮气、10~15%的二氧化碳以及其他少量气体。目前,行之有效的主要方法是寻找适宜的过渡能源、有效缓解并解决温室效应。甲烷,天然气的主要成分,由于比煤炭等化石能源更高效、更环保,加之储量丰富,成为目前比较理想的替代能源,但是其中混有的少量二氧化碳严重地阻碍了甲烷的充分燃烧,降低了甲烷的效率。因此高效的实现C2H2/C2H4、CO2/N2和CO2/CH4的选择分离吸附对于缓解能源危机与环境压力意义非凡。
金属有机框架材料(Metal-organicFramework,MOFs)作为一类新兴的多孔晶体材料,由有机配体与金属中心经过自组装形成,凭借其不可替代的优势引起了社会各界的广泛关注。相比于分子筛与活性炭等传统的多孔吸附材料,金属有机框架材料具有超高比表面积和孔体积、可调节孔径尺寸、易于功能化等一系列优势。这些显著的优势使得金属有机框架材料在气体存储与分离领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。
目前,金属有机框架材料实现气体分离的手段主要有两种,一种手段是利用框架材料本身的孔径尺寸分离具有尺寸差异的气体分子,另一种是设计框架材料内部的化学化境分离化学属性不同的气体分子。其中,CO2、N2和CH4存在相对明显的动力学尺寸差异,C2H2和C2H4具有相似的分子尺寸与电负性,因此CO2/N2和CO2/CH4选择分离吸附对金属有机框架材料挑战性相对较低,但是C2H2/C2H4的有效分离相对艰难。目前为止,利用金属有机框架材料作为C2H2和CO2的吸附材料并不少见。但是同时实现高效的C2H2/C2H4、CO2/N2和CO2/CH4选择分离吸附并不多见。本发明发掘了一种全新的有机配体并利用此配体成功合成了一种独特的氮配位的杂环金属有机框架材料,该材料不同于经典的框架材料,具有多种次级结构构筑模式,从而呈现多种不同尺寸的孔道,因此具有优异的C2H2/C2H4、CO2/CH4和CO2/N2选择分离性能,为金属有机框架材料在结构设计与性能预测方面提供了新视角,推进了金属有机框架材料在气体吸附与分离方面的应用进展。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种用于高效选择分离吸附的杂环金属有机框架材料及其制备方法,该材料是氮配位的杂环金属有机框架材料,可用于高效C2H2/C2H4、CO2/CH4和CO2/N2选择分离吸附。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
用于高效C2H2/C2H4、CO2/CH4和CO2/N2选择分离吸附的氮配位杂环金属有机框架材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将有机配体H3L-N(5-(5-carboxypyridin-3-yl)isophthalic acid)与Zn(NO3)2·6H2O溶解于DMF、乙腈与去离子水的混合溶液中,加入一定量的氟硼酸,在100℃条件下反应2天,得到均相晶体材料;
(2)采用溶剂交换法将上述步骤得到的均相晶体材料在无水丙酮中交换多次,每次相隔至少半小时,以去除材料孔洞内及配位的溶剂分子,然后保持5μmHg的真空状态依次置于273K下1天、室温下12小时,323K下5小时,从而得到可用于高效选择分离吸附的杂环金属有机框架材料。
上述方法制得的金属有机框架材料可用于C2H2/C2H4选择分离吸附,也可用于CO2/CH4选择分离吸附,还可用于CO2/N2选择分离吸附。
上述方案中,所述的有机配体为H3L-N(5-(5-carboxypyridin-3-yl)isophthalicacid),所述的金属盐为Zn(NO3)2·6H2O。
所述的有机配体H3L-N与Zn(NO3)2·6H2O的摩尔比为1:2.7。
所述的DMF、乙腈与去离子的体积比为4:2:1。
所述的酸为纯度(即质量浓度)50%的氟硼酸,所述的氟硼酸与去离子的体积比为4:25。
本发明具体的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明采用的有机配体不同于传统的有机羧酸配体,H3L-N是含氮的杂环有机配体,为金属离子提供了更多样的配位环境。
(2)本发明设计并合成的氮配位杂环金属有机框架材料,其金属锌组建的次级结构单元不同于经典的Zn4O模式,具有六配位,七配位和八配位三种不同的配位模式,因此构建的三维晶体框架材料的孔道多样,可分离吸附不同的气体分子。
(3)CO2、N2和CH4存在相对明显的动力学尺寸差异,C2H2和C2H4具有相似的分子尺寸与电负性,因此CO2/N2和CO2/CH4选择分离吸附对金属有机框架材料挑战性相对较低,但是C2H2/C2H4的有效分离相对艰难。目前为止,利用金属有机框架材料作为C2H2和CO2的吸附材料并不少见。但是同时实现高效的C2H2/C2H4、CO2/N2和CO2/CH4选择分离吸附并不多见。本发明发掘了一种全新的有机配体并利用此配体成功合成了一种独特的氮配位的杂环金属有机框架材料,该材料不同于经典的框架材料,具有多种次级结构构筑模式,呈现多种不同尺寸的孔道,因此具有优异的C2H2/C2H4、CO2/CH4和CO2/N2选择分离性能,为金属有机框架材料在结构设计与性能预测方面提供了新视角,推进了金属有机框架材料在气体吸附与分离方面的应用进展。
附图说明
图1为金属有机框架材料ZJU-197的有机配体H3L-N示意图。
图2为金属有机框架材料ZJU-197的晶体结构图。
图3为金属有机框架材料ZJU-197的X-射线衍射(XRD)图。
图4为活化后的金属有机框架材料ZJU-197a在298K与273K条件下的C2H2、C2H4、CO2、CH4和N2的单组分吸附曲线。
图5为金属有机框架材料ZJU-197a在298K与273K条件下的C2H2/C2H4、CO2/N2和CO2/CH4选择分离系数曲线图
图6为金属有机框架材料ZJU-197a的C2H2、C2H4、CO2、CH4和N2的等温吸附焓曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但这些实例并不限制本发明的保护范围,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。
实例:
(1)采用溶剂热方法合成晶体材料,将购得的现有有机配体H3L-N(4.0mg,0.0125mmol)与10.0mg,0.0337mmol的金属盐Zn(NO3)2·6H2O在溶剂(DMF:MeCN:H2O,2.0mL/1.0mL/0.5mL)环境下超声振荡五分钟至均匀溶解,加入80μL纯度为50%的氟硼酸,在100℃条件下反应2天,得到均相晶体材料,本文中命名为ZJU-197。
(2)采用溶剂交换法得到活化后的晶体材料,为了去除材料孔洞内以及配位的溶剂分子得到活化的晶体材料,首先利用溶剂交换法将上述步骤得到的约120mg样品在无水丙酮中交换约10次,每次相隔至少半小时,然后依次在273K下1天、室温下12小时,323K下5小时,同时保持5μmHg的真空状态,最终得到活化后的可用于高效C2H2/C2H4、CO2/CH4和CO2/N2选择分离吸附的约80mg晶体材料(ZJU-197a)。
(3)将活化后的晶体材料在丙酮与干冰的混合溶液保护条件下完成196K-CO2全吸附实验,从而得到晶体材料的比表面积、孔体积等参数。然后,分别在冰水混合物条件(273K)和室温水浴条件(298K)下完成晶体材料的C2H2、C2H4、CO2、CH4和N2的单组分吸附曲线。
本发明合成的独特的氮配位杂环金属有机框架材料的有机配体如图1所示,该有机配体不同于传统多羧酸有机配体,氮原子的加入使得配体的配位模式多样化。本发明首次采用该种有机配体合成氮配位杂环金属有机框架材料,其晶体结构如图2所示。图2a表明该发明中有机配体为四配位模式,一个有机配体配位四个锌原子;如图2b所示,该晶体材料存在三种次级结构单元,Zn2原子与Zn3原子的配位模式相同为七配位模式,Zn1原子为六配位模式,Zn4原子为八配位模式;三种不同的次级结构单元与含氮有机配位构筑的三维框架材料呈现多种孔道环境(图2c),孔道尺寸大小从到不等,该尺寸大小非常适合小分子气体的吸附与分离。图3为ZJU-197的X-射线衍射图,由图可知,溶剂热方法合成的晶体结构与模拟的晶体结构十分吻合,并且活化后的晶体材料ZJU-197a在真空环境脱掉溶剂后没有失去原有的三维晶体结构。该金属有机框架材料在298K与273K的C2H2、C2H4、CO2、CH4和N2的单组分吸附曲线如图4所示。由图可知,ZJU-197a呈现显著的气体分子吸附差异现象,对C2H2和CO2的吸附量明显超过与之相应的C2H4和CH4、N2。在273K和298K条件下,乙炔的吸附量分别达到61.5cm3·g-1和36.4cm3·g-1,并且无论在273K条件下还是298K条件下,ZJU-197a的C2H2吸附量均远远高于C2H4的吸附量;除此,ZJU-197a同样相对CH4和N2,优先吸附CO2,进一步表明了材料对C2H2/C2H4、CO2/CH4和CO2/N2的选择性分离吸附。该材料的C2H2/C2H4、CO2/CH4和CO2/N2的选择分离系数如图5所示。由图可知,在室温条件下,C2H2和CH4的分离系数高达137.8,CO2/CH4和CO2/N2的分离系数也分别高达53.0和514.1。该材料的C2H2、C2H4、CO2、CH4和N2的等温吸附焓如图6所示,由图可知,ZJU-197对C2H2分子的作用力明显高于C2H4分子,由此证明C2H2分子与框架的作用力远高于C2H4分子,另一方面ZJU-197对CO2分子的作用力同样明显高于CH4分子与N2分子,进一步证明了该独特的氮配位杂环金属有机框架材料对C2H2/C2H4、CO2/CH4和CO2/N2选择性分离吸附的潜力,推进了金属有机框架材料在能源与环境领域的新进展。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于高效选择分离吸附的杂环金属有机框架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将有机配体H3L-N(5-(5-carboxypyridin-3-yl)isophthalic acid)与Zn(NO3)2·6H2O溶解于DMF、乙腈与去离子水的混合溶液中,再加入氟硼酸,在100℃条件下反应2天,得到均相晶体材料;
(2)采用溶剂交换法将上述步骤得到的均相晶体材料在无水丙酮中交换多次,每次相隔至少半小时,以去除材料孔洞内及配位的溶剂分子,然后保持5μmHg的真空状态下依次置于273K下1天、室温下12小时,323K下5小时,得到用于高效选择分离吸附的杂环金属有机框架材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于高效选择分离吸附的杂环金属有机框架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机配体H3L-N与Zn(NO3)2·6H2O的摩尔比为1:2.7。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于高效选择分离吸附的杂环金属有机框架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的DMF、乙腈与去离子水的体积比为4:2:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于高效选择分离吸附的杂环金属有机框架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的氟硼酸为纯度50%的氟硼酸,且氟硼酸与去离子水的体积比为4:25。
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