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CN107303826A - 组合的多级变流器和acdc功率充电单元 - Google Patents

组合的多级变流器和acdc功率充电单元 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107303826A
CN107303826A CN201710276363.1A CN201710276363A CN107303826A CN 107303826 A CN107303826 A CN 107303826A CN 201710276363 A CN201710276363 A CN 201710276363A CN 107303826 A CN107303826 A CN 107303826A
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current transformer
electric network
charhing unit
drawing electric
charging
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R.库施
H.施勒德
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
    • H02J7/045—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/40—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries adapted for charging from various sources, e.g. AC, DC or multivoltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/008—Plural converter units for generating at two or more independent and non-parallel outputs, e.g. systems with plural point of load switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于机动车的牵引电网，其包括用于给牵引电池（3）充电的充电单元（2）以及将电机（4）和充电单元（2）都耦合到牵引电池（3）上的行驶变流器（1）。

Description

组合的多级变流器和ACDC功率充电单元
技术领域
本发明涉及机动车的牵引电网的领域，特别是涉及机动车的牵引电池的充电。
背景技术
在常规的牵引电网中，用于行驶驱动的行驶变流器、AC充电单元和DC直接连接被实施为单个组件。常规的充电系统具有以下缺点，即AC充电功率大多由于基础设施而被限制到22kW上，很少被限制到44kW上，并且更高的DC充电功率只能够通过从DC充电桩到电池上的直接连接来实现。充电电流调节在此是场外的并且最终不在车辆控制下。
德国公开文献DE 10 2012 202 764 A1公开了一种电动车辆的充电设备，该电动车辆包括电机、驱动变流器和储能器。车辆的驱动变流器在将电机的相连接到低压电网时形成充电设备。该解决方案具有以下缺点，即不存在与驱动变流器分开的充电单元，使得在驱动变流器的电压水平上进行充电。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，克服常规充电系统的缺点。该任务通过根据本发明的根据权利要求1的牵引电网来解决。本发明的其他有利的设计方案由从属权利要求和本发明的优选实施例的以下描述中得出。
根据本发明的用于机动车的牵引电网包括用于给牵引电池充电的充电单元以及将电机和充电单元都耦合到牵引电池上的行驶变流器。根据本发明的牵引电网具有以下优点，即例如多相充电单元和可控的DC充电单元与行驶变流器联合并且在此多次使用功率电子组件、如IGBT和二极管。
根据本发明的牵引电网可以有利地用在基于电驱动的机动车中，例如用在电池驱动的电动车辆（BEV）、混合动力车辆（HEV）、插电式混合动力车辆（PHEV）、燃料电池车辆（FCEV）、范围扩展电动车辆（REEV）或诸如此类的中。电机例如可以是任意的牵引电机。牵引电池可以是任意的高伏特电池，其被设置用于给电机馈电。
根据一种优选的实施方式，行驶变流器还被设计成，使得行驶变流器具有用于充电模块的功率流的附加的抽头。该抽头可以通过可控的继电器来实现，所述继电器由能量管理装置来控制。通过继电器的相应控制，行驶转换器从运行状态“行驶”切换到运行状态“充电”并且相反地切换，其中在运行状态“行驶”中牵引电池与电机耦合，在运行状态“充电”中牵引电池与充电单元耦合。
在一个优选的实施例中，存在充电单元和牵引电池或包括牵引电池的高伏特系统之间的直流分离。充电单元与牵引电池的直流分离例如可以通过串联振荡回路来实现，该串联振荡回路例如包括变压器以及扼流圈和电容器。
根据本发明的牵引电网的优点在于，通过充电单元与行驶变流器的连接可以多次使用行驶变流器的功率半导体。因此，针对运行模式“行驶”来安装的功率半导体根据本发明现在可以同样用于运行模式“充电”。特别是充电单元可以将具有功率因子修正的AC充电以及具有充电单元与牵引电池或牵引电网的高伏特系统的直流分离的可控的DC快速充电相联合。通过与用于行驶运行的功率半导体的集成，利用根据本发明的方案可以实现高的功率密度。汇流排可以在该集成的方案的情况下被限制到最小，在所述汇流排中由于低的设计电压而需要高的电流密度。通过多次使用无源组件（电容器）和传感装置可以实现高的功率密度。
优选地，作为行驶变流器使用多级行驶变流器，其借助附加的连接将多级变流器的优点与集成的功率充电联合。根据一种优选的实施方式，行驶变流器被设计成三级变流器拓扑，其允许在高伏特系统侧上的高的电压电平（例如800V）。在行驶变流器可以使用汽车级功率半导体，以便实现所述高的电压电平。三级变流器拓扑还允许，由于在电压的边沿陡度中的更适宜的特性而降低对机械侧的绕组的要求。替代地，行驶变流器也可以设计成两级变流器拓扑或类似的。
充电单元可以包括AC充电单元和/或DC充电单元，特别是多相AC充电单元和/或可控的DC充电单元、优选地可控的DC快速充电模块。
AC充电单元可以设计成，使得在AC充电时支持常规的一相运行（例如3.3kW至7kW），以及支持具有常见的电流和11kW、22kW或44kW（视所使用的机械连接器而定）的功率的三相运行。利用集成的控制装置和调节装置来跟踪功率因子同样是能够实现的。
通过可控的DC快速放电模块，优选地在DC输入端上实现宽的电压范围，例如200至800V。在DC充电时，根据运行策略由在宽的范围内允许的输入电压（例如200V至800V）利用通过能量管理装置的控制和调节来调节充电功率。
由根据本发明的牵引电网支持的DC快速充电特别是对于远距离的BEV是有利的，因为电池的典型能量含量处于80-100kWh，这在常规的充电功率的情况下导致很长的充电时间。在高的充电功率的情况下，在该过程中，800V的电压电平在电池系统中是特别有利的。然而，在800V下的DC快速充电从基础设施侧来说当前还没被覆盖。然而，根据本发明的方案允许，即使利用当今的基础设施也使800V电池系统有快速充电能力。通过将行驶变流器的转换器拓扑用于功率充电可以实现例如50kW至300kW或更大的充电功率。
为了将DC充电单元的DC电压转换成交流电压，充电单元可以具有H桥。能量管理装置能够借助这样的H桥执行功率因子修正。
根据一种优选的实施方式，行驶变流器的变流器拓扑安置在第一模块（行驶变流器模块）中并且充电单元安置在第二模块（充电模块）中。根据一种优选的实施方式，充电模块和行驶变流器模块作为包连同共同使用的控制装置、冷却单元、连接器和结构组件在空间上位于一个壳体中。
本发明还涉及一种调节，该调节例如在机动车的能量管理单元中实现。该调节调节或控制行驶变流器以及充电单元。
在一种优选的实施例中，充电单元和/或行驶变流器例如通过机动车的能量管理单元来主动调节。这具有以下优点，按照根据本发明的方案例如在DC快速充电时机动车可以承担功率调节并且因此调节和能量管理不必转移到充电桩上。此外，根据本发明的牵引电网的行驶变流器通过机动车的能量管理装置来调节或控制。通过设置电流测量点和电压测量点可以执行控制和调节。控制和调节可以通过能量管理单元的处理器并且根据所设计的软件来实现。借助通过能量管理装置实现的调节产生一种脉冲模式，该脉冲模式允许，在车辆驱动中有针对性地消除谐波电流分量，这改进电机的总效率，因为谐波不有助于转矩形成。
附图说明
本发明的实施例现在示例性地并且参考附图来描述，其中：
图1示出根据本发明的牵引电网的一个实施例；
图2示出根据本发明的牵引电网的另一个实施例；并且
图3示出用于根据本发明的牵引电网的示例性的控制装置和调节装置。
具体实施方式
图1的实施例的牵引电网具有被设计成第一模块的行驶变流器1和被设计成第二模块的充电单元2。行驶变流器1将牵引电池3耦合到充当牵引电机的电机4上。牵引电池3被设计到800V的电压上。行驶变流器1被设计成三级变流器拓扑。牵引电池3的电压借助两个电容器Cdc分布到三个电压水平上，其中N是中性点。对于三级变流器拓扑，为每个相分别设置两个具有所属的二极管的功率开关对8a-f。作为功率开关，使用600V的IGBT。功率开关8a-f在运行模式“行驶”中通过控制装置和调节装置（图3中的6）来驱控，使得牵引电池3的直流电压转换成用于运行电机4的三相交流电压。基于行驶变流器1的电流测量点A和（示意性示出的）电压测量点V的数据，控制装置和调节装置提供适于驱控开关8a-8f的脉冲模式。行驶变流器1具有两个可控的继电器7a、b，所述继电器充当充电单元2的端子的抽头。所述继电器7a、b由控制装置和调节装置（图3中的6）来驱控，使得可以在运行模式“行驶”和运行模式“充电”之间变换。充电单元2通过串联振荡回路5耦合到行驶变流器1上。串联振荡回路5具有用于将充电单元2与高伏特系统（行驶变流器1、牵引电池3、电机4）直流分离的变压器Ts以及定义振荡回路的扼流圈Ls和电容器Cs。充电单元2具有DC充电端子11（DC+和DC-）并且被设计用于具有200V至800V的充电电压和直至300kW的充电功率的DC高功率充电。通过DC充电端子11输送的DC充电电压借助由功率开关9a、b连同所属的二极管构成的H桥14和串联振荡回路5被转换成交流电压，该交流电压在运行模式“充电”中通过抽头7a、b输送给行驶变流器1。行驶变流器将由充电单元输送的交流电压转换成用于给牵引电池3充电的直流电压。在运行模式“充电”中，控制装置和调节装置（图3中的6）基于电流测量点A和电压测量点V的数据不仅为H桥而且针对行驶变流器的功率开关8a-8f产生合适的脉冲模式，以便根据DC充电时的电压输送和功率输送产生合适的用于给牵引电池3充电的直流电压（在此520V-800V）。充电单元2也还包括多相AC充电单元，该多相AC充电单元包括AC充电端子12、整流二极管13以及充电电容器Cl。AC充电单元支持一相运行（例如3.3kW至7kW），以及支持具有常见的电流和11kW、22kW或44kW（视所使用的机械连接器而定）的功率的三相运行。通过经由控制装置和调节装置（图3中的6）的合适的驱控，AC充电单元也能够实现功率因子的跟踪。充电端子11和12借助受控的继电器10a、b能够与H桥分开。
图2示出根据本发明的牵引电网的另一个实施例。该牵引电网在很大程度上对应于图1的实施例。区别在于，代替三级变流器拓扑，将行驶变流器1设计成两级变流器拓扑。根据两级变流器拓扑，为每个相设置具有所属二极管的功率开关对8a-c。作为功率开关，在该实施例中使用1200V的IGBT。
图3示出用于根据本发明的牵引电网的示例性的控制装置和调节装置。控制装置和调节装置6通过车辆总线15不仅与充电单元2耦合而且与行驶变流器1耦合。控制装置和调节装置6产生用于驱控行驶变流器的功率开关（图1中的8a-f或图2中的8a-c）的脉冲模式以及用于驱控充电单元2中的H桥（图1和2中的14）的脉冲模式。控制装置和调节装置6还产生用于将充电单元2与行驶变流器1分离的受控的继电器（图1和2中的7a、b）的控制信号和用于将充电端子（图1和2中的11、12）与充电单元2中的H桥（图1和2中的14）分离的受控的继电器（图1和2中的10a、b）的控制信号。控制装置和调节装置6还与提供测量值的电流测量点和电压测量点（图1和2中的A或V）连接，基于所述测量值，控制装置和调节装置6产生脉冲模式。
附图标记列表
1 行驶变流器
2 充电单元
3 牵引电池
4 电机（牵引电机）
5 串联振荡回路
Ls 串联振荡回路的扼流圈
Cs 串联振荡回路的电容器
Ts 串联振荡回路的变压器
6 控制装置和调节装置（能量管理装置）
7a、b 可控的继电器
8a-f 行驶变流器的功率开关和二极管
N 中性点
Cdc 行驶变流器的电容器
9a、b H桥的功率开关和二极管
10a、b 可控的继电器
11 DC充电端子
DC+ DC充电端子+
DC- DC充电端子-
12 多极充电端子
13 ACDC转换器
14 H桥
15 车辆总线
A 电流测量点
V 电压测量点

Claims (10)

1.用于机动车的牵引电网，包括用于给牵引电池（3）充电的充电单元（2）以及将电机（4）和充电单元（2）都耦合到牵引电池（3）上的行驶变流器（1）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的牵引电网，其中行驶变流器（1）具有用于充电模块（2）的功率流的抽头。
3.根据上述权利要求之一所述的牵引电网，其中抽头通过可控的继电器（7a、7b）来实现。
4.根据上述权利要求之一所述的牵引电网，其中在充电单元（2）和牵引电池（3）之间存在直流分离。
5.根据上述权利要求之一所述的牵引电网，其中充电单元（2）与牵引电池（3）的直流分离通过串联振荡回路（5）来实现。
6.根据上述权利要求之一所述的牵引电网，其中通过充电单元（2）与行驶变流器（1）的连接，对于运行模式“行驶”和运行模式“充电”多次使用行驶变流器（1）的功率开关（8a-f）。
7.根据上述权利要求之一所述的牵引电网，其中充电单元（1）能够实现具有功率因子修正（14）的AC充电（12）以及具有充电单元（2）与牵引电池（3）的直流分离的可控的DC快速充电（11）。
8.根据上述权利要求之一所述的牵引电网，其中行驶变流器（1）被设计成多级行驶变流器。
9.根据上述权利要求之一所述的牵引电网，其中充电单元（2）包括可控的DC快速充电模块，所述DC快速充电模块能够实现在DC输入端（11）上的200至800V的电压范围和/或直至300kW的充电功率。
10.根据上述权利要求之一所述的牵引电网，其中行驶变流器（1）的变流器拓扑被安置在第一模块中并且充电单元（2）被安置在第二模块中。
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