CN107236799B - 一种肾纤维化miRNA标记物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种miRNA标记物,该miRNA标记物是miRNA‑576。miRNA‑576可用于判断肾纤维化的进程和严重程度。经检验证明,miRNA‑576可有效区分肾纤维化样本和非肾纤维化样本。在此基础上,miRNA‑576还可以用于制备抑制肾纤维化的药物。本发明为临床在分子水平上诊断肾纤维化提供了新的诊断方法,同时为肾纤维化的基因治疗提供了新的药物靶点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,涉及一种肾纤维化miRNA标记物及其应用,具体涉及一种与肾纤维化相关的miRNA-576标记物及其应用。
背景技术
miRNA是天然存在于体内的21-22nt的非编码RNA分子,是一类通过转录后基因沉默对靶基因表达进行调节的RNA。据估计,生物体内约有1/3的基因受miRNA的调控。miRNA与RISC的复合体通过碱基配对可与靶基因mRNA5’-UTR或者3’-UTR中的互补序列相结合,抑制蛋白质翻译,或是引发mRNA降解,从而负调控靶基因的表达。
肾纤维化(包括肾间质纤维化和肾小球硬化)是各种原因引起的肾脏损害最后阶段的主要病理基础,肾纤维化发生机制较为复杂,与多种因素有关,其中主要与细胞外基质细胞产生细胞的增殖和活化,血管活性物质、细胞因子以及细胞外基质转换失衡有关,肾间质纤维化几乎是所有原发或继发肾脏疾病进展到终末期肾衰竭的共同途径。
miRNA是调节基因表达的内源性非编码小分子RNA,在转录后水平对基因表达进行调控,参与细胞周期、凋亡、发育、分化和新陈代谢等生理过程。miRNA在细胞中表达失调会导致肾纤维化在内的多种疾病的发生,最新研究表明,一些miRNA在肾纤维化患者的肾脏和尿液中异常表达,但何种miRNA与肾纤维化的发生、发展有关仍未达成共识。因此有必要寻找与肾纤维化发生、发展有关的miRNA,从而为临床上判断和治疗肾纤维化提供一种有效手段。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可用于判断肾纤维化的miRNA标记物。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种用于预判肾纤维化风险、诊断肾纤维化的miRNA标记物,所述miRNA 标记物是miRNA-576。所述miRNA-576选自以下组中的至少一种::miRNA-576初始miRNA、miRNA-576前体miRNA、成熟miRNA-576;所述miRNA-576初始miRNA能在人细胞内被剪切并表达成成熟miRNA-576;所述miRNA-576前体miRNA能在人细胞内被剪切并表达成成熟miRNA-576。
应当知道,本发明的miRNA-576包括组成型核酸分子的功能等同物,即变体,其显示完整miRNA-576核酸分子相同的功能,尽管它们通过核苷酸残基的缺失、置换或者插入而突变。
本领域人员熟知,为了保证miRNA的稳定性,可以在miRNA的一端或者两端增加保护性碱基,如TT,也可对miRNA碱基进行修饰,但是不影响miRNA的功能。因此,本领域技术人员熟知,在不影响miRNA-576功能的条件下,对miRNA-576进行碱基修饰或者在两端增加碱基获得的序列同样包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
在本发明的一些具体的实施方式中,所述miRNA-576是成熟miRNA-576。所述成熟miRNA-576包括miRNA-576-5p、miRNA-576-3p,它们共同享有共同的种子序列。
虽然在某些具体实施方式中所使用的是成熟miRNA-576,但是本领域技术人员可以预期,初始miRNA(pi-miRNA-576)、前体miRNA(pre-miRNA-576)将可以获得与成熟miRNA-576 同样的技术效果,因为细胞有能力进一步将初始miRNA(pi-miRNA-576)、前体miRNA(pre-miRNA-576)加工为成熟miRNA-576。
本发明的miRNA-576核酸分子可以以单链或双链的形式存在。成熟的miRNA-576主要呈单链形式,而miRNA-576前体是部分自互补的,以形成双链结构。本发明的核酸分子可以是RNA、DNA、PNA、LNA的形式。
本发明提供了miRNA-576在制备预判肾纤维化风险的工具中的应用。
本发明还提供了miRNA-576在制备诊断肾纤维化的工具中的应用。
本发明的实验证明已发生肾纤维化的尿液中miRNA-576的水平显著低于为未发生肾纤维化的尿液中miRNA-576的水平。因此,与未发生肾纤维化的尿液中miRNA-576的水平相比,如果受试者尿液中miRNA-576的水平显著降低,那么则可以判断该受试者已发生肾纤维化,从而采取预防肾纤维化的方案或者为临床治疗方案的制定提供诊断基础。
本发明还提供了miRNA-576在判断肾纤维化的工具中的应用。与不发生肾纤维化的尿液中miRNA-576的水平相比,如果受试者尿液中miRNA-576的水平显著境地,则表明受试者发生肾纤维化。
进一步,上述预判肾纤维化风险、判断肾纤维化是否发生的工具包括但不限于,芯片、试剂盒。所述工具包括用于待测样本中miRNA-576表达水平的试剂。所述试剂可以是针对 miRNA-576的引物或探针。
本发明还提供了上述miRNA-576在高通量测序平台中的应用。通过高通量测序能获知待检测样本肾组织或尿液中miRNA-576的表达水平,将待测样本的结果同未发生肾纤维化的肾组织或尿液相比,容易判断待测样本是否存在肾纤维化的风险或者容易判断待测样本是否已经发生了肾纤维化。因此,经过高通量测序获得miRNA-576与肾纤维化相关性的应用同样包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明还提供了一种用于预判肾纤维化风险、诊断肾纤维化是否发生的芯片,所述芯片包括固相载体;以及固定在所述固相载体上的寡核苷酸探针,所述寡核苷酸探针包括特异性地对应于miRNA-576的部分或全部序列。所述寡核苷酸探针还可包括针对现有技术中已经报道的可用于判断肾纤维化是否发生的miRNA的寡核苷酸探针。将多种miRNA的检测探针放置在同一芯片上通过检测多种miRNA指标联合判断肾纤维化的情况也包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
进一步,所述固相载体包括所述固相载体可采用基因芯片领域的各种常用材料,例如但不限于尼龙膜,经活性基团(如醛基、氨基等)修饰的玻片或硅片、未修饰的玻片、塑料片等。
所述的miRNA芯片的制备可采用本领域已知的生物芯片的常规制造方法,例如,如果固相载体采用的是修饰玻片或硅片,探针的5’端含有氨基修饰的聚dT串,可将寡核苷酸探针配制成溶液,然后采用点样仪将其点在修饰玻片或硅片上,排列成预定的序列或阵列,然后通过放置过夜来固定,就可得到本发明的miRNA芯片。
本发明还提供了一种用于预判肾纤维化风险、诊断肾纤维化是否发生的试剂盒,所述试剂盒包括用于检测受试者肾组织或尿液中miRNA-576的表达水平的试剂。与未发生肾纤维化的肾组织或尿液中的miRNA-576的表达水平比较,若通过试剂盒检测肾组织或尿液中 miRNA-576的表达水平显著降低,则判断该受试者的肾纤维化风险很高或者已发生肾纤维化。
进一步,所述试剂包括针对miRNA-576的引物和/或探针。所述试剂还包括针对现有技术中已经报道的可用于判断肾纤维化风险,或者判断肾纤维化是否发生的miRNA的引物和/ 或探针。将多种miRNA的检测引物和/或探针放置在同一试剂盒中通过检测多种miRNA指标联合判断肾纤维化的情况也包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明的miRNA-576可以是天然的或是人工合成的,或者使用可以表达miRNA-576的DNA片段的载体转染细胞获得。所述载体包括病毒载体、真核载体。
病毒载体可以是任何适当的载体,包括但不限于逆转录病毒载体、腺病毒载体、腺病毒相关病毒载体、疱疹病毒(例如单纯疱疹病毒、痘苗病毒及EB病毒)载体、甲病毒载体。
真核表达载体可以是任何适当的表达载体,包括但不限于pCMV-Myc表达载体、pcDNA3.0表达载体、pcDNA3.1表达载体、pEGFP表达载体、pEFBos表达载体、pTet表达载体、pTRE表达载体、或者在公知表达载体的基础上经改造的载体,比如pBin438、pCAMBIA1301等。
可以表达miRNA-576的DNA片段可以通过如下方式获取:从miRNA数据库中(http://microrna.sanger.ac.uk/sequences/)寻找miRNA-576在基因组上的位置及具体序列信息,根据基因组序列确定miRNA-576初始miRNA的位置,在miRNA-576初始miRNA位置的上下游500-800bp区间内设计特异性引物,扩增引物中间的序列即可获得表达miRNA-576的DNA片段。
本发明还提供了前面所述的miRNA-576在制备抑制或治疗肾纤维化的药物中的应用。
本发明的实验证明miRNA-576与肾纤维化相关,在此基础上,通过促进miRNA-576的表达可用于抑制肾纤维化的发生或发展的风险。
进一步,所述药物包含miRNA-576激动剂。所述miRNA-576激动剂能够促进miRNA-576 的表达或者能够激活miRNA-576的功能。所述miRNA-576激动剂的抑制靶标不限于miRNA-576本身,还包括miRNA-576的上下游,例如:编码miRNA-576的基因组序列, miRNA-576靶基因、调控miRNA-576的蛋白或者基因。
进一步,miRNA-576抑制剂包括蛋白、寡核苷酸、小分子化合物。
优选地,所述miRNA-576抑制剂是miRNA-576的反义寡核苷酸或者miRNA-576模拟物。
根据miRNA-576序列容易设计出它的反义寡核苷酸,将反义寡核苷酸转移到人体内后,它们能够明显下调miRNA-576的表达。“反义寡核苷酸(antisense-oligonucleotides,AS-Ons 或ASO)”又称为“反义核苷酸”,是指长度约为18-26nt(更特别的约19-22nt)的DNA分子或RNA分子或其类似物。
在本发明中,所述的“反义寡核苷酸”还包括采用如基于核酸锁或核酸链骨架修饰技术等手段获得的经修饰的反义核苷酸,所述的修饰基本不改变反义寡核苷酸的活性,更佳地,所述修饰可提高反义寡核苷酸的稳定性、活性或治疗效果。核酸锁(locked nucleicacid,LNA) 通常是指通过一个亚甲基桥将核糖的2’氧原子和4’碳原子连接起来的修饰技术。基于核酸链骨架的修饰技术发展出的反义药物在可溶性,抗核酸酶降解等方面大有改善,且易于大量合成。寡核苷酸的骨架修饰方法有多种,包括硫代法,例如将脱氧核苷酸链硫代修饰为硫代脱氧核苷酸链。该方法是将DNA骨架上的磷酸键的氧原子用硫原子替代,可抵抗核酸酶降解。应理解,任何能够保持所述反义寡核苷酸的大部分或全部活性的修饰都包含在本发明中。
本发明的抑制肾纤维化的药物还包含药物学上可以接受的载体,所述载体包括但不限于:稀释剂、缓冲剂、混悬剂、乳剂、颗粒剂、包囊剂、赋形剂、填充剂、粘合剂、喷雾剂、透皮吸收剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、着色剂、矫味剂或吸附载体。
所述药物可以制成包括但不限于显微注射剂、适于转染的剂型、注射液、片剂、粉剂、粒剂、胶囊剂。上述各种剂型的药物均可以按照药学领域的常规方法制备。
所述药物可以单独施用;或者与其他能够抑制肾纤维化的药物进行组合施用。
所述药物可以离体施用:将miRNA-576或者miRNA-576的表达载体在体外导入或转染人体自身或异体细胞(或异种细胞),经体外细胞扩增后,输回人体。
所述药物可以体内施用:将miRNA-576或者miRNA-576的表达载体直接导入体内。这种载体可以是病毒型或非病毒性,甚至是裸DNA或RNA。
所述的受试者可以是人类或者其他哺乳动物。更具体地,受试者是器官、组织、细胞。
附图说明
图1为miRNA-576在肾纤维化人群和非纤维化人群的尿液中的表达情况;
图2为肾小管上皮细胞HK-2在肾纤维化过程中的细胞形态变化情况;
图3为miRNA-576在肾纤维化细胞系中的表达情况;
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例进一步说明本发明,本发明的实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不意味着限制本发明的保护范围。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
本实施例证明miR-576在肾纤维化人群的尿液样本中低表达。
1.miRNA提取
使用Tiangen的miRNA提取试剂盒,每200μl尿液中加入等体积裂解液,振荡器振荡混匀30秒。室温放置5min后,12,000rpm离心10min,取上清,加入200μl氯仿,剧烈振荡15秒,室温放置5min后,12,000rpm离心15min,样品会分成三层:黄色的有机相,中间层和无色的水相,RNA主要在水相中,把水相转移到新管中,缓慢加入转移液体积1/3 体积的无水乙醇混匀,一起转入吸附柱,室温放置2min,12,000rpm离心30秒,保留流出液。缓慢加入流出液体积2/3体积的无水乙醇,混匀,一起转入吸附柱,室温放置2min后 12,000rpm离心30秒,离心后保留吸附柱。向吸附柱中加入500μl去蛋白液,室温12,000 rpm离心30sec,弃废液。500μl漂洗液,室温12,000rpm离心30秒。将吸附柱放入2ml 收集管中,室温12,000rpm离心1min,去除残余液体。再将吸附柱转入一个新的1.5ml离心管中,加15-30μl无RNA酶的水,室温12,000rpm离心2min。
2.逆转录
将10pg-1μg的RNA模板与2μl 10倍缓冲液、2μl dATP(10mM)、0.5μl引物、0.5μl 核糖核酸酶抑制剂和无核糖核酸酶水混合,体积最后为20μl,37℃孵育1h。然后反应管中加入1μl 0.5μg/μl特异性RT引物,70℃孵育5min后立刻冰上孵育至少2min,打断RNA 和引物的二级结构。最后,将上述20μl反应混合物与4μl 5倍缓冲液、1μl dNTP(10mM), 0.5μl M-MLV逆转录酶,0.5μl核糖核酸酶抑制剂,10μl polyA反应混合液和4μl无核糖核酸酶水混合,42℃孵育1h。
3.Q-PCR检测
采用25μl反应体系,每个样本设置3个平行管,所有扩增反应均重复三次以上以保证结果的可靠性。配制以下反应体系:SYBR Green聚合酶链式反应体系12.5μl,正向引物(5μM/l)1μl,反向引物(5μM/l)1μl,模板cDNA 2μl,无酶水8.5μl。各项操作均于冰上进行。扩增程序为:95℃10min,(95℃20s,60℃55s)40个循环。以SYBR Green作为荧光标记物,在荧光实时定量PCR仪上进行PCR反应。通过融解曲线分析和电泳确定目的条带,ΔΔCT法进行相对定量。
4.结果
如图1所示,在肾纤维化人群尿液中的miRNA-576含量显著低于未发生肾纤维化的人群(*p<0.05),miRNA-576能够作为检测肾纤维化的标记物。
实施例2
本实施例证明miRNA-576在肾纤维化细胞系中低表达。
1.EMT细胞模型
EMT是指上皮细胞间充质转化,是肾纤维化过程的一部分。采用肾小管上皮细胞系HK-2 细胞,在HK-2细胞培养液中加入TGF-β至终浓度为10ng/mL,培养48h后拍照观察:未加入TGF-β的HK-2细胞具有典型的上皮细胞鹅卵石样形态特征,胞间衔接紧密;加入TGF-β的HK-2显示出梭形的形态,细胞间间隙明显,细胞较为瘦缩,类似成纤维细胞的形态,如图2所示。
2.miRNA提取和反转录,参考实施例1中的实验过程。
3.Q-PCR检测,参考实施例1中的实验过程
4.结果
如图3所示,在发生肾纤维化的细胞中,miRNA-576的含量显著低于对照细胞系 (*p<0.05),miRNA-576是肾纤维化发生过程的标记物。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
miR-576
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Claims (3)
1.miRNA-576在制备预判肾纤维化风险、诊断肾纤维化工具中的应用,其特征在于,所述miRNA-576选自以下组中的至少一种:miRNA-576初始miRNA、miRNA-576前体miRNA、成熟miRNA-576;所述miRNA-576初始miRNA能在人细胞内被剪切并表达成成熟miRNA-576;所述miRNA-576前体miRNA能在人细胞内被剪切并表达成成熟miRNA-576。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述miRNA-576是成熟miRNA-576。
3.根据权利要求1所述的的应用,其特征在于,所述工具为芯片,所述芯片包括固相载体;以及固定在所述固相载体上的寡核苷酸探针,所述寡核苷酸探针包括特异性地对应于权利要求1所述的miRNA-576的部分或全部序列。
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