CN107225653B

CN107225653B - Method and apparatus for producing green bricks of masonry bricks, particularly sand-lime bricks

Info

Publication number: CN107225653B
Application number: CN201710086318.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 洛塔尔·鲍尔萨茨斯
Original assignee: Langenstein and Schemann GmbH
Current assignee: Langenstein and Schemann GmbH
Priority date: 2016-03-24
Filing date: 2017-02-13
Publication date: 2019-12-17
Anticipated expiration: 2037-02-13
Also published as: DE102016113240A1; RU2681711C2; NL2018207A; CN110142847A; RU2017109740A; NL2022388A; CN107225653A; NL2018207B1; NL2022388B1; CN110142847B; RU2017109740A3

Abstract

the invention discloses a method and a device for producing green bricks of masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, in which method: a) in at least one molding space (2) defined by at least two, preferably four, mold walls (10,20,30,40), a pressure difference between the mold walls (10,20,30,40) is reduced by means of at least one pair of press rams (5 and 6; 7 and 8) pressing a green brick in the form of a first brick from the raw material in a first production process and pressing a green brick in the form of a second brick from the raw material in a second production process; b) wherein between the first production process and the second production process the mould wall (10; 10 and 20) is adjusted by means of a specific adjusting drive (11; 11 and 21) is adjusted such that the cross section of the mould space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), or at least one dimension (B1, B2) of the mould space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), and due to its preferred brick form, is different in the first production process and in the second production process.

Description

Method and apparatus for producing green bricks of masonry bricks, particularly sand-lime bricks

Technical Field

the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing green bricks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks.

Background

The sand-lime brick is produced by pressing lime, sand and water in a press and subsequently hardening under steam pressure.

The sand-lime brick form from sand-lime bricks, which is popular in practice for use in masonry composites or masonry works, is described in detail in "KS-Maurerfibel" (KS-masson's horn) by j.wessig, the publisher: KS-Info GmbH, Hanover, 6 th edition, 1998. In this way, there are standard forms in the case of sand-lime bricks, which are all substantially cuboid in shape, i.e. adjoin one another at their edges at right angles (90 °) in each case, and differ only in their rectangular dimensions in terms of width, length and height. The brick height in the installed state in a masonry project is the height of the brick and the brick course measured vertically. The width of a brick in the installed state of the masonry is the wall thickness or masonry thickness measured horizontally towards the interior, and the length of a brick in the installed state of the masonry is the dimension extending between two adjacent bricks measured horizontally along the course of the brick. The end sides of the tiles in the longitudinal direction more often engage with each other by means of tongue and groove connections.

Thus, the standard form includes a precise rectangular parallelepiped block with a smooth face, and a substantially rectangular parallelepiped block with tongue and groove faces on two mutually opposite sides for tongue and groove connection to adjacent blocks in the masonry. In addition, gaps or through-holes can also be provided on one or both mutually opposite sides of the standard bricks, as clamping aids, or in contrast to solid or block bricks, for the routing of the installation or for thermal insulation as in perforated or hollow blocks. So-called planar elements (abbreviated to PE) in the form of relatively large cuboids are used for particularly effective construction of the walls (cf. pages 14 to 20).

Furthermore, in the case of sand-lime bricks, there are a large number of special forms, for example, so-called U-shaped leaf walls (reference page 21) or installation bricks with one or two pipes, or corner bricks with a pentagonal cross-section with rectangular corners and with obtuse angles, for example 135 °, or 45 °, reference page 55 or page 21, or so-called radius corner bricks with rectangular corners and at least one rounded corner (reference page 21 or page 52), or ridge bricks which, in addition to rectangular corners, have at least one beveled or oblique cut and may therefore have a triangular or pentagonal shape (reference page 93).

The special forms are produced at the factory for delivery or occasionally also on site, usually by subtracting material from solid cuboid bricks, in particular from PE, by means of band saws or circular saws.

DE 19756148 a1 discloses a method for producing a mortar green brick for a flat tile and a fitting between each two abutting end faces arranged so as to oppose each other with a certain transverse length, as well as an apparatus for implementing the method. Each green brick is framed by four mould walls and moulded and pressed between an upper press ram and a lower press ram, and/or each green brick is provided with a groove or tongue on at least one abutting end face by means of a groove forming means and/or a tongue forming means. For pressing, the end distance between the upper ram and the lower ram is set, and each green brick after pressing is unloaded and unstacked, the latter bearing on a horizontal end face. The green bricks are moulded and pressed to a brick length with a counterpart and the abutting end faces of the green bricks are designed by means of an upper and/or lower press head and the green bricks after unloading and before unloading are then rotated by 90 ° by means of the abutting end faces. In one particular embodiment (fig. 3), the upper abutting end faces of the mating pieces in the blank press are aligned in a obliquely inclined manner and are configured to be smooth, i.e. without any grooves or webs, and the effective lower side of the upper ram also extends so as to be obliquely inclined in a corresponding manner. In the example of the known method and the related apparatus, the green brick and the four mould walls have a rectangular cross section perpendicular to the pressing direction.

DE 102006034302 a1 discloses a method for producing a green brick of a masonry brick, in particular a sand-lime brick, in which method at least two molding spaces differing from each other in cross section or at least one dimension perpendicular to the pressing direction are used, at least one first molding space is brought or moved to at least one filling position, and raw material is filled into the at least one first molding space at least once in the at least one filling position and, in at least one pressing position, pressed in the first molding space by means of a first pair of press heads which can meet in the pressing direction to form at least one first green brick. Subsequently, the at least one second molding space is brought to the at least one filling position and the raw material is filled at least once into the at least one second molding space in the at least one filling position and pressed in the second molding space in the pressing position or in a further pressing position by means of a second pair of press heads which can meet in the pressing direction to form at least one second green brick. Instead of two molding spaces, a molding die (molding die) having at least two molding spaces adjusted by means of an adjusting drive can also be provided for bringing the molding spaces into the at least one filling position. The cross section of the molding space perpendicular to the pressing direction has a non-rectangular basic design, so that the pressed green brick also has a non-rectangular cross section. In particular, the cross-section for the ridge tile may be triangular or, for corner tiles, may be polygonal with at least four or five corners or may be curved in a convex manner in partial areas. Furthermore, the cross section perpendicular to the pressing direction on at least one side may have at least one gap and/or at least one projection for producing a tongue-and-groove connection surface.

A brick press for producing molding blocks is known from DE 29808917U 1, which has a tongue and groove design on at least one of its end faces, which determines the brick height on the basis of inorganic material, a molding table with a molding cavity surrounded by side walls and aligned in the horizontal direction, and at least one press ram which can enter the molding cavity vertically and effect compression of the material which has been brought into the molding cavity. At least one side wall of the moulding cavity is configured as a shape-imparting platen determining the brick height of the moulding block and is arranged in the moulding table so as to be movable by means of drive means connected to said side wall and fixed to the moulding table in a form-fitting manner during the pressing phase of the brick press. The platen has a molding design on its face directed toward the molding cavity for embossing the tongue and groove design into a designated end wall of the molded block to be pressed. In order to produce a lateral pressing contact between the pressure plate, which has a wedge shape on its outer side, and a counter-bearing (counter-bearing) which is arranged on the moulding table and has oppositely extending wedge surfaces, the mating wedges being arranged so as to be controllable by means of the drive member. Furthermore, two mutually opposed side walls or even all side walls of the mould cavity may be configured as movably arranged lateral pressure plates. A mating wedge slidable between the wedge surfaces is movable between the wedge surfaces by means of a first cylinder. A further cylinder is assigned to each of the lateral pressure plates, by means of which the lateral pressure plates are movable after the release of the mating wedge. Before filling the molding cavity, the lateral pressure plates are fixed in a form-fitting manner by means of a fitting wedge between the driving wedge faces, so that upon subsequent compression of the molding blocks, a dimensionally accurate position of the lateral walls of the molding cavity is ensured. By selecting different mating wedges, the lateral press plates can be changed in their position, so that different brick heights for the molding blocks are adjustable in a simple manner. Here, corresponding stops for driving in the mating wedge are provided on the moulding station. If the lateral pressure plates are fixed, the lower ram is fixed in a zero position and the upper ram is driven into the moulding cavity, so that the desired wall thickness according to the thickness of the brick is obtained. Upon completion of the compression, the upper ram is driven out of the molding cavity and the mating wedge is released by means of the driving member, i.e. the first cylinder. After the mating wedge has been released, the required movement space for the lateral movement of the pressure plate is achieved, the pressure plate now being disengaged by means of the second cylinder from the tongue and groove design determined by means of its molding design on the molding block, so that ejection of the molding block from the molding station can be performed by driving the lower pressure head into the molding cavity. Hydraulically or pneumatically operated cylinders, push rods, threaded articulated levers or eccentrics can be used as drive members for both the movement of the mating wedge and the movement of the lateral pressure plates.

In the example of DE 29808917U 1, different brick forms are set by different mating wedges in the dimension perpendicular to the pressing direction, which is determined by the spacing of the press plates. After removal of the mating wedge, adjustment of the press plate is only used to drive the former out of the tongue and groove connection so that the green brick can be retrieved, rather than setting the brick form.

Disclosure of Invention

the invention is now based on the object of specifying a new method and a new plant for producing green bricks of masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, by means of which in particular different brick forms are producible.

Embodiments and subject-matter according to the invention suitable for achieving this object are set forth in particular in the following embodiments of the invention, which relate in particular to a method for producing a green brick of a masonry brick and to an apparatus for producing a green brick of a masonry brick.

further design embodiments and improvements according to the invention result in particular from the following embodiments of the invention.

The claimed combination of features and subject matter according to the invention is not limited to the selected description of the patent claims and the selected return references. Rather, each feature of one category of claims, such as an apparatus, may also be claimed in another category of claims, such as a method. Furthermore, each feature of the patent claims, which is also referred to back independently of the latter, may be claimed in any combination with one or more other features of the patent claims. Furthermore, each feature described or disclosed in the specification or drawings may be claimed as such, independently of or separately from the context in which it is referred to, separately or in any combination with one or more other features described or disclosed in the patent claims or the specification or drawings.

a method for producing a green brick for laying bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, by means of which this object is achieved, which method comprises the following method steps in one embodiment:

a) Pressing a green brick in a first brick form from a raw material in a first production process and a green brick in a second brick form from the raw material in a second production process by means of at least one pair of press rams able to converge in a pressing direction into the molding space between the mold walls in at least one molding space defined by at least two, preferably four mold walls;

b) Between the first production process and the second production process, at least one of the mould walls of the moulding space is adjusted by means of a designated adjustment drive such that the cross section of the moulding space perpendicular to the pressing direction, or at least one dimension of the moulding space perpendicular to the pressing direction, and due to its preferred brick form, differs in the first production process and in the second production process.

the object is also set up by an apparatus for producing a green brick of a masonry brick, in particular a sand-lime brick, which is arranged in particular for carrying out the method in an embodiment according to the invention and has:

a) at least one moulding space, which is defined by at least two, preferably four, mould walls;

b) A filling facility for filling the molding space with a raw material;

c) And at least one pair of press heads capable of meeting in a pressing direction into the moulding space between the mould walls for pressing a green brick from the raw material that has been filled into the moulding space;

d) Wherein at least one of the mould walls is adjustable by means of a designated adjustment drive such that the cross section of the moulding space perpendicular to the pressing direction, or at least one dimension of the moulding space perpendicular to the pressing direction, and due to its preferred brick form, is adjustable so as to be different in the first production process and in the second production process.

e) And wherein the or each adjustable mould wall is assigned an associated holding facility (retaining installation) for holding during the first production process and during the second production process, wherein the or each holding facility does not change the position of the mould wall which has been set by means of the adjustment drive.

Preferably, after the adjustment of the at least one mould wall, the mould wall is subsequently held during the first production process and during the second production process by means of at least one associated holding facility, and the holding facility is released or deactivated before the adjustment between the production processes and is fixed or activated again after the adjustment.

The at least one adjusting drive can be a pneumatic or hydraulic drive, in particular a pneumatic or hydraulic piston and cylinder system (piston-and-cylinder system). Furthermore, the at least one adjusting drive may be a drive operated by an electric motor, in particular a spindle drive.

the at least one holding facility is preferably integrated in the relevant adjusting drive, in particular as a locking or braking device between a piston and a cylinder of a pneumatic or hydraulic piston and cylinder system, or as a locking or braking device on the spindle of the spindle drive, or as a mechanical motor brake in an electric motor, for example on the rotor of the electric motor.

The at least one holding facility may be a unit which is independent of the associated adjusting drive and may in particular comprise interacting locking bolts and locking clearances which may in particular be arranged or provided on the mould tank and on one or both side portions (lateralparts) of the mould wall, preferably provided on the support portion.

In one embodiment, the at least one molding space with its mold walls is arranged in the interior space of the molding box, wherein the associated adjusting drive is preferably fastened to the molding box and in particular is arranged at least partially in the interior space of the molding box.

In one variant, between the first production process and the second production process, only one of the mould walls of the moulding space is adjusted by means of a designated adjustment drive. The moulding space, or the mould wall thereof, is preferably centred with respect to the central press axis of the press ram after adjustment of the mould wall, in particular by displacing the moulding box, so that the adjusted mould wall and the opposite mould wall are equally spaced from the central press axis.

In another variant, between the first production process and the second production process, the two mutually opposite mould walls of the moulding space are adjusted by means of a designated adjustment drive and are preferably centered relative to the central press axis of the press ram, or adjusted while remaining centered, or adjusted in a centered manner such that the two adjusted mutually opposite mould walls are equally spaced from the central press axis.

In a particular embodiment, the mould dividing wall may be mountable or may be mounted between two adjustable mould walls, which mould dividing wall divides (or subdivides) the moulding space into two separate moulding spaces, each of which is defined on the one hand by one adjustable mould wall and on the other hand by the mould dividing wall. Thus, two relatively small brick forms are producible, instead of one relatively large brick form. This relatively large brick form can be produced again by removing the mould partition wall.

After adjustment of at least one of the mould walls, the mould wall is subsequently held during the first production process and during the second production process by means of at least one associated holding facility, and before the adjustment between the first production process and the second production process, the holding facility is released or deactivated and after adjustment is fixed or activated again, wherein at least one holding facility is preferably integrated in or a unit separate from the designated adjustment drive, and/or wherein the or each holding facility does not change the position of the mould wall which has been set by means of the designated adjustment drive.

In a further variant of the process for producing green bricks of masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, this variant can be combined with other embodiments according to the invention,

a) Pressing a green brick in the form of a first brick from a raw material in a first production process and a green brick in the form of a second brick from the raw material in a second production process by means of a pair of press rams which can converge in a pressing direction into the molding space between the mold walls in at least one molding space defined by the mold walls;

b) between the first production process and the second production process, at least one of the mould walls of the moulding space is at least partially replaced and preferably adjusted such that the cross section of the moulding space perpendicular to the pressing direction, or at least one dimension of the moulding space perpendicular to the pressing direction, and also due to its preferred brick form, is different in the first production process and the second production process.

in particular, the cross-section of the molding space in the first production process may have a first shape, in particular may be rectangular, and in the second production process after the at least one mold wall has been replaced, may have another shape, in particular a non-rectangular shape, in particular may be triangular or trapezoidal or pentagonal, or may be provided with a curved contour.

in a preferred embodiment, between the first production process and the second production process, in each case one of the platens on the press ram is replaced to accommodate the different cross-sections of the molding space perpendicular to the pressing direction in the first production process and the second production process, or the dimension of the molding space perpendicular to the pressing direction.

In a further variant, a method for producing a green brick of a masonry brick, in particular a sand-lime brick, is proposed, which method can be combined with other embodiments according to the invention and which comprises the following method steps:

a) In at least one molding space defined by the mold walls, the green brick is pressed from the raw material by means of a pair of press rams able to converge in a pressing direction into the molding space between the mold walls, and is subsequently ejected from the molding space by means of one of the press rams;

b) wherein the mould wall is configured to be smooth and/or without any recesses or protrusions for tongue and groove connections, and/or wherein the brick length is produced in the pressing direction and the brick width and brick height are produced perpendicular to the pressing direction, and

c) Wherein after pressing and before the green brick is ejected at least one of the mould walls is adjusted outwards by means of the associated adjustment drive in order to release the mould wall from the green brick before the green brick is ejected.

Drawings

the invention will be further explained below with the aid of exemplary embodiments. Reference is also made herein to the accompanying drawings, in which,

Fig. 1 shows in plan view a molding box for a brick press in a position for a first brick form, the molding box having an adjustable molding tool with two adjustable mold walls;

Fig. 2 shows in plan view a molding box for a brick press as shown in fig. 1 in a position for a second brick form, the molding box having an adjustable molding tool with two adjustable mold walls;

Fig. 3 to 6 show in plan view a sequence of method steps for converting an adjustable mould tool with two adjustable mould walls from a relatively small brick form into a relatively large brick form;

Figures 7 to 10 show in plan view the sequence of method steps for converting an adjustable mould tool having one adjustable mould wall from a relatively small brick form to a relatively large brick form;

FIG. 11 shows, in longitudinal cross-section, a brick press having a mold box with an adjustable molding tool and two press rams;

fig. 12 shows in plan view a molding box for the brick press of fig. 1 or for the method of fig. 3 to 6, the molding box having an adjustable molding tool with two differently shaped adjustable mold walls; and

fig. 13 shows in plan view a molding box for the brick press of fig. 1 or for the method of fig. 3 to 6, with an adjustable molding tool with two adjustable mold walls and one mold partition wall for constructing two molding spaces.

List of reference marks

2. 2A, 2B moulding space

3 mould box

4 inner space

5. 5A, 5B upper press head

6. 6', 6A, 6B upper pressing plate

7 lower press head

8 lower pressing plate

10 mould wall

11 adjustment drive

12. 12' press plate, press part

14 support part

15 locking gap

16. 17 side part

18 locking clearance

20 mould wall

21 adjustment drive

22 wear part

24 support part

25 locking gap

26. 27 side part

28 locking gap

30 mould wall

35 locking bolt

38 locking bolt

40 mould wall

55 upper pressure head unit

57 lower pressure head unit

60 holding facility

70 holding facility

80 mould partition wall

Central axis A

Width of B1 and B2 bricks

Height of H brick

Length of L brick

p pressing direction

v regulating movement

Detailed Description

In the drawings, like parts and variables have like reference numerals.

fig. 1 to 10 and 12 and 13 show in plan view an exemplary embodiment of a pressing installation or part of a brick press for producing green bricks (or pressed green bricks), in particular sand-lime green bricks, in the pressing direction of a press ram (not shown in fig. 1 to 10, but only shown in fig. 11), with a molding box (or molding die) 3, which molding box (or molding die) 3 has, for example, a rectangular outer contour and an adjustable molding tool, which is arranged in an, in particular, likewise rectangular, inner space 4 of the molding box 3. The adjustable moulding tool has a moulding space (or pressing space) 2 to be filled with raw material to be pressed, in particular for pressing sand-lime bricks, which moulding space 2 is delimited by a number of preferably four mutually adjoining mould walls 10,20,30 and 40, and in which press rams are introduced or inserted into the two open sides thereof from the top and bottom during pressing.

For pressing the green brick, a lower press ram 7, which as can be seen in fig. 11 has a wear plate or platen (or top plate) 8 attached to it, is driven from below into the molding space 2, sealing the latter towards the bottom, since the platen 8 fits into the cross-section of the molding space 2. The raw material is then filled from the top by means of a filling facility and the raw material is then compressed from the top into the molding space 2 by driving an upper press ram 5 having wear plates or press plates (or top plates) 6 attached thereto and also fitting the cross section of the molding space 2, and by driving a lower press ram 6 from below, in each case towards each other in the pressing direction P. The centre axis a of the press rams 5 and 6 also preferably extends centrally through the moulding space 2. The upper ram unit for the upper press ram 5 is indicated by 55 and the lower ram unit for the lower press ram 7 is indicated by 57. The ram units 55 and 57 may be implemented in a manner known per se and comprise supports and/or guides and drives for the press rams 5 and 6 and may be arranged on a press frame or carriage.

as can be seen in fig. 1 to 10, the mould walls 10 and 20, in particular as the spacing between the mould walls 30 and 40, have a dimension H which preferably corresponds to the brick height and which is determined in a precise and dimensionally accurate manner as a result of its being a critical dimension, in particular in the dimension, in the masonry.

In the exemplary embodiment of fig. 1 and 2, and 3 to 6 and 12 and 13, the adjustable molding tool comprises two mutually opposite and mutually parallel mold walls 10 and 20, which are adjustable or displaceable in an adjustment direction V, and two stationary mold walls 30 and 40, which extend perpendicularly to the mold walls 10 and 20.

In the exemplary embodiment of fig. 7 to 10, the adjustable molding tool has one mold wall 10, which is adjustable or displaceable in the adjustment direction V, and three stationary mold walls 20,30 and 40.

The spacing between the mould walls 10 and 20, measured in the adjustment direction V, and therefore the dimensions of the mould walls 30 and 40, corresponding to this spacing, indirectly adjoining the moulding space 2 and effective in terms of the green brick, is now adjustable between at least one first value B1 (cf. fig. 1 and 5 and 6 and 9 and 10) and a second value B2 (cf. fig. 2 and 3 and 4 and 7 and 8).

this spacing between the mould walls 10 and 20 preferably corresponds to the brick width of the pressed green brick, which then corresponds to the wall thickness of the masonry.

In principle, however, dimension H may also be used as brick width and dimensions B1 and B2 may be used as brick height, or one of dimensions H and B1 or B2 may even be used as brick length.

thus, by adjusting the moulding tool, at least two brick forms having different dimensions B1 and B2, preferably brick widths, can be pressed using the same moulding tool.

To this end, in the adjustment step, the mould walls 10 and 20 are set to the dimension B1 and fixed or held in this position and a number of adobes in the form of first bricks are then pressed having this dimension or brick width B1 and a further dimension H, wherein corresponding press rams 5 and 7 or press plates 6' or 8 or wear plates having the dimensions H and B1 on the press ram are used.

if and when the brick form is now changed to size or brick width B2, in a second adjustment step, the mold walls 10 and 20 are set to size B2 and fixed or held in this position. A plurality of green bricks in the form of a second brick having this dimension or brick width B2 and a further dimension H are now pressed, wherein before this the press ram or the press ram press platens 6 or wear plates are replaced in order to adapt to the new dimensions H and B2.

the central axis a of the press, in particular of the press rams 5 and 7, preferably extends in a centered or central manner through the moulding space 2 and/or between the two adjustable mould walls 10 and 20. Thus, the mould walls 10 and 20 are preferably adjusted in a symmetrical or centered manner or when centered such that said mould walls 10 and 20 are equally spaced from the central axis a, i.e. the spacing is in each case B1/2 or B2/2. This results in a uniform center loading of the press ram by the pressing force.

For adjusting the mould wall 10 in the adjustment direction V, an associated first adjustment drive 11 is provided, which is at least partially arranged in the interior space 4 of the moulding tank 3 and is fastened or connected to the first wall of the moulding tank 3 and the associated mould wall 10. For adjusting the mould wall 20 in the adjustment direction V, an associated second adjustment drive 21 is provided, which is at least partly arranged in the inner space 4 of the moulding tank 3 and is fastened or connected to a second wall of the moulding tank 3 opposite the first wall and to the associated mould wall 20.

in particular, a pneumatic or hydraulic drive, in particular a pneumatic or hydraulic piston and cylinder system, or a drive operated by an electric motor, preferably a spindle drive, can be selected as the adjusting drives 11 and 21.

in one embodiment, the adjusting drives 11 or 21 have a fixing or holding facility which holds the adjusting drives 11 and 21 and thus the adjustable mold walls 10 or 20 guided thereon in the set position. This may be a locking or braking device in the adjustment drive 11 or 21, in particular between the piston and the cylinder of a pneumatic or hydraulic drive, or a locking mechanism on the spindle of a spindle drive, or in an electric motor, for example a mechanical motor brake on the rotor of the motor. Such a self-locking or position-self-retaining embodiment of the adjusting drive 11 or 21 with integrated retaining facility is preferred.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with this embodiment, or which may be an alternative embodiment, the mould wall 10 or 20 is provided with a separate holding facility (or locking facility, fixing facility) 60 or 70 separate from the adjustment drive 11 or 21, which holding facility 60 or 70 holds (or locks, fixes) the adjustable mould wall 10 or 20 in the position provided for the respective brick form. Such separate retaining means 60 or 70 may have corresponding locking bolts which are automatically actuatable, for example by means of a controllable locking unit, or manually actuatable, and locking gaps which engage with one another, for example perpendicularly to the adjustment direction V. In addition, the clamp may also be used as a holding facility.

In the exemplary embodiment according to fig. 3 to 10, each adjustable mold wall 10 or 20 comprises a respective central support portion 14 or 24 and a respective wear plate or pressure plate 12 or 22 arranged in front of the adjustable mold wall 10 or 20, forming the actual dimensions of the molding space 2, and two respective side portions 16 and 17, or 26 and 27, extending in the adjustment direction V such that a particularly U-shaped design is created. The locking clearances 15 and 18, corresponding in number and position respectively to the two forms B1 and B2 for the locking bolts 35 and 38 respectively fixed to the mould tank, are preferably located in the side portions 16 and 17 of the mould wall 10. The locking clearances 25 and 28, corresponding in number and position respectively to the two versions B1 and B2 for the locking bolts 35 and 38 respectively fixed to the mould tank, are preferably located in the side portions 26 and 27 of the mould wall 20.

in all embodiments, the position of the adjusted mold wall 10, or 10 and 20, is predefined and determined by the respective adjustment drives 11 and 21 and the end positions reached thereby. The holding means, whether integrated in the adjustment drive or as a holding means 60 or 70 arranged outside the adjustment drive, preferably do not influence the position of the mould wall 10 or 20, but only hold the latter in the position set by the adjustment drive 11 or 21. In other words, the position of the mould wall 10 or 20 is not changed when the holding means is activated or deactivated.

For this purpose, holding or fixing in the two end positions for the dimensions B1 and B2 is sufficient to enable a changeover between brick forms having brick widths B1 and B2.

Preferably, however, this holding or securing function is performed in a quasi-continuous manner in a plurality of positions, for example between B1 and B2, or in an adjustment range comprising B1 and B2, whereby a continuous adaptation in the form of a brick is possible.

Fig. 3 to 6 show the sequence of conversion from a brick width B2 of one brick form to a larger brick width B1.

Fig. 3 shows the basic position of the moulding tool for pressing a green brick having a brick width B2. The two mould walls 10 and 20 have been set to a spacing B2 by their adjustable drives 11 and 21 and are held in the adjustment direction V by means of their side portions 16 and 17, or 26 and 27, respectively, by means of holding means 60 and 70, in particular by means of, for example, eight locking bolts 35 and 38, which engage in the locking gaps 15 and 18, or 25 and 28, respectively. The press ram carries a press plate adapted to the brick width B2 and the upper press ram 5 carries a press plate 6. The central axis a of the press rams 5 and 7 is preferably centered with respect to the platens 6 and 8 and the mould walls 10 and 20 or, respectively, is an axis of symmetry for the moulding space 2.

According to fig. 4, the holding facilities 60 and 70 are now deactivated; in particular, the locking bolts 35 and 38 are driven out of the locking gap. The mould walls 10 and 20 are now freely adjustable.

According to fig. 5, the adjustment drives 11 and 21 now move the die walls 10 and 20 in a symmetrical manner in the adjustment direction V until the spacing B1> B2 such that the central axis a of the press rams 5 and 7 remains centered. The platens on the press rams 5 and 7 are replaced and the platens 6 and 8 are installed for a new tile width B1.

According to fig. 6, the holding facilities 60 and 70 are reactivated; in particular, the locking bolts 35 and 38 are driven into a new locking gap corresponding to the new spacing B1. The mold walls 10 and 20 are now fixed again and a green brick having a brick width B1 can now be pressed using the molding tool.

To switch from the larger brick width B1 to the smaller brick width B2, the steps are performed in the exact reverse order, i.e., in the order from fig. 6 via fig. 5 and 4 to fig. 3.

Fig. 7 to 10 now show the conversion process of an adjustable molding tool with only one adjustable mold wall 10 and three fixed mold walls 20,30 and 40.

Fig. 7 shows the basic position of the moulding tool for pressing a green brick having a brick width B2. The mould wall 10 has been set by its adjusting drive 11 to a spacing B2 from the mould wall 20 and is held in the adjusting direction V by means of its side portions 16 and 17 by means of the holding means 60, in particular by means of the locking bolts 35 and 38 engaged in the locking gaps 15 and 18. The press ram carries a press plate adapted to the brick width B2 and the upper press ram 5 carries a press plate 6. The central axis a of the press rams 5 and 7 is preferably set to be centered with respect to the platens 6 and 8 and the mould walls 10 and 20, or is an axis of symmetry for the moulding space 2.

According to fig. 8, the holding facility 60 is now deactivated; in particular, the locking bolts 35 and 38 are driven out of the locking gap. The mould wall 10 is now freely adjustable.

According to fig. 9, the adjustment drive 11 now moves the mold wall 10 away from the mold wall 20 in the adjustment direction V until the spacing B1> B2. The holding facility 60 is reactivated; in particular, the locking bolts 35 and 38 are driven into a new locking gap corresponding to the new spacing B1. The mould walls 10 and 20 are now retained again.

However, due to the unilateral adjustment of the die wall 10, the centre axes a of the press rams 5 and 7 are displaced in an eccentric manner. Thus, according to fig. 9, the mould tank 3 is now additionally unlocked and displaced in the displacement direction Z from the position Z0 to the position Z1, so that the central axis a is again located in the centre of the moulding space 2 and between the mould walls 10 and 20, said mould tank 3 then being locked again. According to fig. 10, the press plates on the press rams 5 and 7 are now replaced and the press plates 6 and 8 are installed which fit the new tile width B1.

To switch from the larger brick width B1 to the smaller brick width B2, these steps are carried out in the order of fig. 10, then the press plate is changed to the smaller width B2, then, according to fig. 9 to 8, the holding facility 60 is released, the mould wall 10 is adjusted from B1 to B2, then fixed by means of the holding facility 60, and the mould wall 10 is held according to fig. 7, and then, according to fig. 9 to the reverse step according to fig. 8, only the moulding box 3 is shifted back by d.

Adjusting the actuator 11 or 21 also allows for an additional function or mode of operation in which the adjustable die wall is moved outwardly a small distance, and thus released from the blank, prior to ejecting the green brick. Thereby, the friction force and the ejection force can be significantly reduced.

In addition, in another embodiment, the support section 14 or 24 can be driven outwards from the other mould wall 30 and 40 for tool exchange by means of the adjusting drive 11 or 21, and one or both of the press plates 12 or 22 can then be replaced by a press plate or press section having another profile, in particular in cross section with respect to the pressing direction P, for example a triangular profile, so that a particular form which is triangular or pentagonal or trapezoidal in cross section or has a curved, in particular concave or convex, profile is producible. For this purpose, the dimensions of the brick are exchanged, depending on the application, either the brick is rotated again, or the brick length, brick width, brick height.

Fig. 12 shows an exemplary embodiment of such a variant, in which a press part (or wear part) 12' with a wedge-shaped or triangular cross-section is mounted or used on the support part 14 of the mould wall 10 instead of on a straight press plate 12. The mould surface of the mould wall 10 adjoining the moulding space 2 is now a flat surface on the inside of the wedge-shaped or triangular press part 12', which is inclined at an angle with respect to the adjustment direction V. The molding space 2 is thus no longer rectangular in cross section but trapezoidal. The other press plate 22 on the mould wall 20 is configured as shown in fig. 6, for example so as to be straight and perpendicular to the adjustment direction V, but can also be replaced by a differently shaped press part.

In a particular embodiment according to fig. 13, a further mould partition wall 80 is mounted or provided as a central web or as a central wall, for example from fig. 6, in particular so as to be centered in the region of the central axis a, which mould partition wall 80 divides the moulding space 2 into two separate moulding spaces 2A and 2B, each for producing one green brick in a relatively small form. The moulding space 2A is located between the adjustable mould wall 10 and the mould partition wall 80 and the second moulding space 2B is located between the adjustable mould wall 20 and the mould partition wall 80. Each molding space 2A and 2B is assigned an associated press ram, wherein an upper press ram 5A with an upper platen 6A for the molding space 2A is schematically depicted, and wherein an upper press ram 5B with an upper platen 6B for the molding space 2B is schematically depicted. From the initial one moulding space with two adjustable mould walls, two smaller moulding spaces 2A and 2B separated by a mould partition wall 80 have now been formed, each with only one adjustable mould wall 10 or 20, respectively. The mold divider wall 80 preferably can be installed or removed as required or desired in the form of a brick.

The pressing installation is thus in particular a brick press with a fit for adjustable tool systems in the form of different bricks.

Claims

1. A method for producing a green brick for a masonry brick, in which method

-pressing a green brick in the form of a first brick from a raw material that has been filled into the mould space in a first production process and a green brick in the form of a second brick from a raw material that has been filled into the mould space in a second production process, in at least one mould space (2) defined by at least two mould walls (10,20,30,40), by means of at least one pair of press rams (5; 7) that can converge in a pressing direction (P) into the mould space (2) between the mould walls (10,20,30, 40);

wherein, between the first production process and the second production process, at least one of the mould walls (10; 10 and 20) of the moulding space (2) is adjusted by means of a designated adjustment drive (11; 11 and 21) such that a cross section of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P) or at least one dimension (B1, B2) of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P) is different in the first production process and in the second production process due to its brick form.

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one moulding space with its mould walls is provided in an inner space (4) of a moulding tank (3), wherein the relevant adjustment drive is fastened to the moulding tank and is at least partially provided in the inner space of the moulding tank.

3. Method according to claim 2, wherein between the first production process and the second production process only one (10) of the mould walls of the moulding space (2) is adjusted by means of the assigned adjusting drive (11), and the moulding space or the mould walls thereof, after adjustment of which mould walls the adjusted mould wall and the opposite mould wall are equally spaced from the central press axis (a) by displacing the moulding box, centred with respect to the central press axis (a) of the press ram.

4. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein, between the first production process and the second production process, two mutually opposite mould walls (10, 20) of the moulding space (2) are adjusted by means of the designated adjusting drive (11, 21) and are centered relative to a central press axis (a) of the press head, or are adjusted while remaining centered, or are adjusted in a centered manner such that the two mutually opposite mould walls being adjusted are equally spaced from the central press axis (a).

5. Method according to claim 4, wherein a mould dividing wall (80) is mountable or mounted between two adjustable mould walls (10, 20), said mould dividing wall (80) dividing the moulding space (2) into two separate moulding spaces (2A, 2B), each of said two separate moulding spaces (2A, 2B) being defined on the one hand by one of said adjustable mould walls (10, 20) and on the other hand by said mould dividing wall (80).

6. Method according to one of claims 1-3 and 5, wherein, after adjustment of the at least one mould wall (10, 20), the mould wall is subsequently held during the first production process and during the second production process by means of at least one associated holding facility (60, 70), and before the adjustment between production processes, the holding facility is released or deactivated and fixed or actuated again after adjustment, wherein at least one holding facility is integrated in the assigned adjustment drive or is a unit separate from the adjustment drive, and/or wherein the or each holding facility does not change the position of the mould wall which has been set by means of the adjustment drive (11, 21).

7. Method according to claim 4, wherein after adjustment of the at least one mould wall (10, 20), the mould wall is subsequently held during the first production process and during the second production process by means of at least one associated holding facility (60, 70), and before the adjustment between production processes the holding facility is released or deactivated and fixed or actuated again after adjustment, wherein at least one holding facility is integrated in the assigned adjustment drive or is a unit separate from the adjustment drive, and/or wherein the or each holding facility does not change the position of the mould wall that has been set by means of the adjustment drive (11, 21).

8. Method according to one of claims 1-3, 5 and 7, wherein between the first production process and the second production process at least one of the mould walls (10; 10 and 20) of the moulding space (2) is at least partially replaced and adjusted such that a cross section of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P) or at least one dimension (B1, B2) of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P) and is different in the first production process and the second production process due to its brick form.

9. Method according to claim 4, wherein between the first production process and the second production process at least one of the mould walls (10; 10 and 20) of the moulding space (2) is at least partially replaced and adjusted such that the cross section of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P) or at least one dimension (B1, B2) of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P) and is different in the first production process and in the second production process due to its brick form.

10. method according to claim 6, wherein between the first production process and the second production process at least one of the mould walls (10; 10 and 20) of the moulding space (2) is at least partially replaced and adjusted such that the cross section of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P) or at least one dimension (B1, B2) of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P) and is different in the first production process and in the second production process due to its brick form.

11. method according to claim 8, wherein the cross-section of the moulding space has a first shape during the first production process and has another shape or is provided with a curved profile after the at least one mould wall has been replaced during the second production process.

12. A method according to claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the cross-section of the moulding space has a first shape during the first production process and another shape or is provided with a curved profile after the at least one mould wall has been replaced during the second production process.

13. Method according to one of claims 1-3, 5, 7 and 9-11, wherein between the first production process and the second production process, in each case one press plate (6, 6', 8) on the press ram (5, 7) is replaced to adapt a different cross section of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P) in the first production process and the second production process or to adapt a dimension (B1, B2) of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P).

14. A method according to claim 4, wherein, between the first production process and the second production process, in each case one pressure plate (6, 6', 8) on the press ram (5, 7) is replaced to adapt a different cross section of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P) in the first production process and the second production process or to adapt a dimension (B1, B2) of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P).

15. A method according to claim 6, wherein, between the first production process and the second production process, in each case one pressure plate (6, 6', 8) on the press ram (5, 7) is replaced to adapt a different cross section of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P) in the first production process and the second production process or to adapt a dimension (B1, B2) of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P).

16. Method according to claim 8, wherein between the first production process and the second production process, in each case one pressure plate (6, 6', 8) on the press ram (5, 7) is replaced to adapt a different cross section of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P) or to adapt a dimension (B1, B2) of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P) in the first production process and the second production process.

17. Method according to claim 12, wherein between the first production process and the second production process, in each case one pressure plate (6, 6', 8) on the press ram (5, 7) is replaced to adapt a different cross section of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P) in the first production process and the second production process or to adapt a dimension (B1, B2) of the moulding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P).

18. The method of one of claims 1-3, 5, 7, 9-11, and 14-17,

Wherein the mould wall is configured so as to be smooth and/or without any recesses or protrusions for tongue and groove connections, and/or wherein the brick length is produced in the pressing direction and the brick width and brick height are produced perpendicular to the pressing direction, and

Wherein after pressing and before ejection of the green brick at least one of the mould walls is adjusted outwards by means of an associated adjustment drive in order to release the mould wall from the green brick before the green brick is ejected.

19. The method of claim 4, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

20. The method of claim 6, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

21. The method of claim 8, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

22. The method of claim 12, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

23. The method of claim 13, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

24. The method of claim 1, wherein the masonry bricks are sand-lime bricks.

25. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least two mold walls are four mold walls.

26. the method of claim 11, wherein the first shape is rectangular.

27. The method of claim 11, wherein the other shape is a non-rectangular shape.

28. The method of claim 11, wherein the other shape is a triangle or a trapezoid or a pentagon.

29. An apparatus for producing green bricks of masonry bricks for implementing the method according to one of the preceding claims, having:

a) At least one molding space (2) which is delimited by at least two mold walls (10,20,30, 40);

b) a filling facility for filling the molding space with a raw material;

c) At least one pair of press heads (5; 7) -that can converge in a pressing direction (P) into the moulding space (2) between the mould walls (10,20,30,40) for pressing a green brick from the raw material that has been filled into the moulding space;

d) Wherein at least one mould wall (10; 10 and 20) are connected to each other by means of a designated adjusting drive (11; 11 and 21) are adjustable such that a cross section of the molding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), or at least one dimension (B1, B2) of the molding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), and due to its brick form, are adjustable so as to be different in a first production process and a second production process;

e) Wherein the or each adjustable mould wall (10, 20) is assigned an associated holding facility (60, 70) for holding during the first production process and during the second production process, wherein the or each holding facility does not change the position of the mould wall that has been set by means of the adjustment drive (11, 21).

30. The apparatus of claim 29, having at least one or any combination of the following further features:

i) The or each moulding space (2) is arranged in an inner space (4) of the moulding tank (3);

ii) an associated adjusting device is fixed to the moulding tank and is at least partially arranged in the inner space of the moulding tank;

iii) the at least one adjustment drive is a pneumatic or hydraulic piston and cylinder system;

iv) at least one adjustment drive is a spindle drive operated by an electric motor;

v) at least one holding facility is integrated in the associated adjusting drive as a locking or braking device between a piston and a cylinder of a pneumatic or hydraulic piston and cylinder system, or as a locking or braking device on the spindle of the spindle drive, or as a mechanical motor brake in the electric motor;

vi) at least one retaining facility is a unit which is independent of the associated adjusting drive and comprises interacting locking bolts (35, 38) and locking gaps (15, 18, 25, 28), which interacting locking bolts (35, 38) and locking gaps (15, 18, 25, 28) can be arranged or provided on the moulding box and on one or both side portions (16, 17, 26, 27) of the mould wall provided on a support portion.

31. the apparatus of claim 29, wherein the masonry bricks are sand-lime bricks.

32. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the at least two mold walls are four mold walls.

33. the apparatus of claim 30, wherein the mechanical motor brake is on a rotor of the electric motor.