CN107056424B - Rice machine direct seeding growth promoting granules and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a rice machine direct seeding growth promoting granule, a preparation method and application thereof. The active ingredients such as pesticides and fertilizers in the granules are separated from seeds, the direct contact of the active ingredients on the seeds for germination and the inhibition and toxic action on the growth of seedling tissues is avoided, the preservative is added in the granules, large-area seed rot and seedling shortage caused by seed decay and fermentation in high-humidity and flooding environments can be effectively prevented, the seedling emergence rate of mechanical direct seeding of rice can be improved by 18.33-26.83%, and the seedling rate can be improved by 63.07-109.51%.

Description

Rice machine direct seeding growth promoting granules and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a rice machine direct seeding growth promoting granule as well as a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Currently, with the development of rice cultivation technology, improvement of rural economy, change of labor force structure, improvement of agricultural mechanization degree and increase of agricultural input cost, direct seeding of rice is well received by agricultural workers in China due to the characteristics of light simplification, cost saving and labor saving. Especially, direct seeding rice is easier to realize mechanization, so that a large amount of labor can be saved when the direct seeding rice is used for planting large-area rice, the contradiction of seasonal shortage of labor is relieved, the direct seeding rice has important significance for realizing light weight, specialization and large scale of rice production, and has wide application prospect. Therefore, mechanized direct seeding of rice has become one of the important directions for rice cultivation in China.

Aiming at the problems of seed silting rot, uneven emergence of seedlings, low seedling rate, serious diseases, insect pests and weeds and the like existing in direct-seeding rice, the prior method widely adopts rice seeds which are subjected to seed soaking treatment by a seed soaking agent or film coating treatment by a coating agent except a soil disinfection method, has better effects on the aspects of preventing and treating diseases and insect pests, bird pests and mouse pests, improving seedling quality, low-temperature resistance and the like, but still has a large number of problems to be solved: for example, seed coatings are directly adhered to the surface of seed coats, so that the germination and respiration of seeds are influenced or physiological toxicity is generated on seedling tissues; the seed coating procedure needs to be operated before direct seeding, and labor is consumed; the seed coating is uneven in thickness, which affects the precision seeding of mechanical direct seeding and the like.

At present, rice seeds which are subjected to seed soaking treatment by a seed soaking agent or film coating treatment by a coating agent are widely adopted for direct seeding of rice, and a large number of problems still exist and need to be solved:

(1) the thickness of the seed dressing coating powder and the coating of the coated seeds is difficult to be ensured to be consistent, so that the coated seeds have different sizes, and the requirement of mechanical direct seeding precision seeding cannot be met.

(2) The coated seeds are easy to absorb moisture, and are inconvenient for long-term storage of the seeds. And seed coatings are directly adhered to the surfaces of seed coats, so that not only is the melting water lost during seed soaking, but also high-concentration aqueous solution inhibits and damages seeds during seed soaking, and poor seedling emergence and difficult seedling alignment are caused.

(3) The seed coating is directly adhered to the surface of the seed coat, and after moisture absorption is carried out in a direct-seeding paddy field under the high-humidity or flooding condition, the seed coating has an inhibition effect on seed germination and respiration and even generates physiological toxicity on seedling tissues.

(4) The oxygen increasing agent components commonly adopted by the seed coating agent such as calcium peroxide and the like generate a large amount of alkaline components during oxygen release, and the alkaline components directly contact with germinated seeds to cause seedling dehydration or salt damage and reduce the emergence rate of direct-seeded rice.

Chinese patent application publication No. CN101774852A (application No. 201010019334.5) discloses a multifunctional compound seed coating agent, which is prepared by mixing active ingredients such as pesticides, fertilizers and plant regulators with inactive ingredients such as film-forming agents, emulsifying agents and pigments, and is suitable for seed soaking and germination accelerating. Chinese patent application publication No. CN1887089A (application No. 200610032028.9) provides a multifunctional rice seed coating agent in the form of superfine powder, which is suitable for coating rice seeds under different conditions by applying a composite film-forming agent, a slow-release technology and a superfine grinding technology. Chinese patent application publication No. CN101310582A (application No. 200810024466.X) provides a seed coating formulation special for direct seeding rice, which is prepared by mixing super absorbent resin, oxygenating agent, bactericide, insecticide, plant growth regulator, micro-fertilizer and special mineral clay, coating the mixture on the surface of seeds by a rolling coating method, and performing direct seeding. Chinese patent application publication No. CN103718701A (application No. 201310714426.9) provides a seed coating agent formulation and a pelleting method for direct seeding of rice, wherein the surface layer of the seed is pelletized for 3 times to change the shape rule of the rice seed, the seed coating can be quickly cracked after meeting water, and the seed coating is suitable for mechanized precise direct seeding of rice. However, the coating ingredients of the current methods are required to be directly attached to the seeds and all or part of the above disadvantages cannot be avoided.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a rice machine direct seeding growth promoting granule as well as a preparation method and application thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a paddy rice machine direct seeding growth promoting granule is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.01-0.1% of preservative, 3-5% of insecticide, 3-5% of bactericide, 3-5% of oxygen producer, 0.05-0.2% of plant growth regulator, 5-8% of trace elements, 1-2% of sparrow repellent, 15-20% of filler, 2-3% of natural polysaccharide nano microspheres, 2-3% of coating agent (acid regulator) and binder, wherein the binder is added to make the weight of the granule 100%.

Further, the preservative is sodium benzoate;

the pesticide is one or more of imidacloprid, abamectin and cartap;

the bactericide is one or more of metalaxyl, carbendazim, benomyl, prochloraz and pyricularia grisea;

the oxygen increasing agent is one or more of calcium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, sodium percarbonate and ammonium peroxydisulfate;

the plant growth regulator is one or more of compound sodium nitrophenolate, naphthylacetic acid sodium salt, indoleacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, uniconazole, paclobutrazol, chlormequat chloride and gibberellin;

the trace element fertilizer is a mixture of a zinc fertilizer, a copper fertilizer, a manganese fertilizer and a boron fertilizer;

the sparrow repellent is one or more of carbofuran and bromacil;

the filler is industrial ground phosphate rock;

the natural polysaccharide is one or more of starch, xylo-oligosaccharide, raffinose and chitosan oligosaccharide;

the binder is one or more of attapulgite, kaolin and bentonite.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the rice machine-transplanted growth-promoting granules, which comprises the following steps:

(1) accurately weighing antiseptic, pesticide, bactericide, oxygen increasing agent, plant growth regulator, microelement fertilizer, rodenticide, acid regulating agent, filler and binder at a certain proportion, adding into a high-speed mixer, and stirring;

(2) putting the mixture obtained in the preparation step (1) into a pulverizer to pulverize until the fineness reaches more than 150 meshes;

(3) granulating and screening the crushed mixture obtained in the preparation process (2) and natural polysaccharide nano microspheres to obtain microspheres with the particle size of 2-3 mm;

(4) quantitatively packaging the finished product of the invention, and sealing and storing.

The invention also provides application of the rice machine direct seeding growth promoting granules in rice planting.

Further, when the machine is used for direct seeding, the granules are applied around the rice seeds which are directly seeded in a ring shape.

The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:

(1) the active ingredients such as pesticide, fertilizer and the like in the granules are separated from the seeds, so that the direct contact on the inhibition and the toxic action on the seed germination and the seedling tissue growth are avoided.

(2) The granules provided by the invention are added with the preservative, so that large-area seed rot and seedling shortage caused by seed rot and fermentation in high-humidity and flooded environments can be effectively prevented, the seedling emergence rate of mechanical direct seeding of rice can be increased by 18.33% -26.83%, and the seedling rate can be increased by 63.07% -109.51%.

(3) Through the mechanical direct seeding device, the granules and direct-seeded rice seeds form a specific concentric circle structure, oxygen, pesticides, plant growth regulators, available phosphorus nutrients and other components are continuously provided around the seeds, the seeds are promoted to germinate rapidly, roots of the seeds are greatly expanded and deeply pricked, the seedling quality is improved, and the seedling emergence, seedling formation and seedling aligning effects of the direct-seeded rice are further enhanced; by adopting the granules, the plant height of direct-seeded rice is obviously reduced, the internode of the base part is shortened, the stalk is thickened, and the lodging resistance is enhanced.

(4) The granules are uniform micro granules, have the diameter of only 2-3mm, and are more suitable for direct seeding machinery.

(5) The granules can be directly sown with seeds simultaneously through a direct sowing mechanical device, procedures such as seed dressing and coating before direct sowing are not needed, operation is simplified, labor cost is saved, mechanical operation is realized in the whole process, mechanical direct sowing efficiency is improved, and economic benefits are improved.

(6) The granules of the invention promote the generation of root systems, promote the generation of tillers and promote the dwarfness and the sturdiness of stems, greatly improve the effective spike number by improving the seedling rate and the tiller number, and finally achieve the effect of increasing the yield by 7.57 to 17.11 percent.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the oxygen release curve of the granules of the present invention in a direct-seeded rice field environment and the ethanol release curve during seed germination.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The applicant carries out a field direct seeding test in 2015 in a test field of a Chinese rice institute by applying the method for promoting growth and strengthening seedlings, takes a certain commercially available rice direct seeding seed coating agent mixed with seeds and then directly seeded as a control example 1, and takes uncoated rice seeds directly seeded as a control example 2.

1. The test varieties are as follows: zhe Jing 88

2. The implementation scheme is as follows:

example (b):

the granules used in the embodiment are prepared by 0.1% of sodium benzoate, 5% of imidacloprid, 5% of metalaxyl, carbendazim, 5% of prochloraz mixture, 5% of calcium peroxide, 0.2% of heteroauxin, paclobutrazol and gibberellin mixture, 8% of zinc fertilizer (zinc oxide), manganese fertilizer (manganese sulfate), boron fertilizer (borax) and copper fertilizer (copper sulfate), 2% of carbofuran, 20% of powdered rock phosphate, 2% of chitosan oligosaccharide nano microspheres, 3% of sulfur and 49.7% of attapulgite according to a production process; the numerical values in parentheses of the above components are all in mass percent.

When the rice is directly sowed by a machine, seeds in the seed cylinder are sowed in a precise manner by the seed sowing pipe, 3-5 seeds are dibbled, the distribution diameter is 2cm, and the granules are discharged by the discharging pipe, dispersed around the seeds and 0.5cm away from the seeds.

Comparative example 1

Before direct seeding, seeds are treated by using a certain commercial rice direct seeding seed coating agent to prepare coated seeds; and (3) performing precision seeding on the coated seeds through a direct seeding machine, and dibbling 3-5 seeds with the distribution diameter of 2 cm. The commercially available direct seeding seed coating agent for rice does not contain an oxygen increasing agent component.

Comparative example 2:

the seeds are not subjected to any coating treatment, and are directly subjected to precision seeding by a direct seeding machine, 3-5 seeds are dibbled, and the distribution diameter is 2 cm.

3. And (3) testing results:

from the day of sowing to 10 days after sowing, the examples, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 were individually spot-determined, sampled every day to determine the oxygen content (mg/L) of the surface soil solution and the ethanol content (μmol/g) of the germinated seeds and seedlings, and repeated 5 times, and the oxygen release curve of the granules of the present invention in the direct-seeded rice field environment and the ethanol release curve during seed germination were plotted accordingly (FIG. 1).

The oxygen content of the surface soil solution is determined according to the national forestry industry standard of the people's republic of China-determination LY/T1222-1999 of the oxygen content of the forest soil solution, and the ethanol content of the soil solution is determined by adopting a gas chromatography.

After sowing, the emergence rate, the seedling rate, the pest damage condition, the seedling quality and the yield after maturity of the examples, the comparison example 1 and the comparison example 2 are investigated.

The test results are shown in tables 1-3.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the granules used in the present example rapidly released a large amount of oxygen within 4 days after sowing, and then maintained a high oxygen release amount, which supplied the necessary oxygen for the germination of the seeds and the growth of the seedlings of the direct-seeded rice under high humidity and flooding conditions, and at the same time reduced the production of ethanol, an anaerobic respiration product, and reduced the toxic effect thereof on the seeds. In comparative examples 1 and 2, after the seeds germinate and a large amount of oxygen in the surrounding soil solution is consumed, ethanol which is an anaerobic respiration product is rapidly generated, so that the inhibition effect on the seed germination is generated, and the toxicity to the seeds and seedlings is generated.

As can be seen from table 1, the emergence rate and the seedling rate of the granule treatment used in this example were respectively increased by 18.33% and 26.83% as compared with comparative example 1, and increased by 63.07% and 109.51% as compared with comparative example 2, and the damage of diseases, insects, and birds was significantly reduced.

TABLE 1 influence of the granule for promoting growth and strengthening seedling of direct-seeded rice on seedling emergence and damage of diseases and pests in mechanical direct-seeded rice field

As can be seen from Table 2, the plant height of the granules treated by the granules used in the present example is reduced by 7.09% -14.90%, the tillering number of a single plant is increased by 13.64% -16.28%, the total root number is increased by 15.01% -36.73%, the crude extract of pseudostems is increased by 3.95% -11.27%, the total dry weight is increased by 10.86% -20.07%, particularly the underground root weight is increased by 16.82% -23.15%, and the seedling quality is significantly improved.

TABLE 2 influence of the growth promoting and seedling strengthening granule for direct-seeded mechanical rice seedling quality (seedling age 30 days)

As can be seen from table 3, the effective ear number of the granule treatment used in this example is increased by 5.88% to 9.21% compared to comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, respectively, the difference in the other yield components is small, and the final actual yield is increased by 7.57% to 17.11% compared to comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, respectively.

TABLE 3 influence of the growth-promoting seedling-strengthening granules on the yield of mechanically direct-seeded rice

The results show that: by applying the mechanical direct seeding device and the germination-promoting and seedling-strengthening granules, the seedling emergence is complete, the seedling emergence is uniform, the seedling rate is high, the problems of poor seedling emergence and low seedling rate of direct-seeded rice are obviously improved, and meanwhile, the mechanical direct seeding device and the germination-promoting and seedling-strengthening granules have obvious effects on preventing and treating diseases, insect pests and sparrows; the embodiment has the advantages that the tillering of the seedlings is fast, the root system is developed, the dry matter accumulation is relatively large, the quality of the seedlings is greatly improved, meanwhile, the seedlings are short and strong, the stems are thickened, and a physiological foundation is laid for improving the lodging resistance of direct-seeding rice; the effective spike number is obviously improved, and the effect of increasing the yield by 7.57-17.11% can be achieved. The embodiment applies the growth-promoting strong-seedling granules, simplifies the cultivation process, saves the labor cost, simultaneously, directly-sown rice seedlings are complete, uniform and strong, the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced, the rice rooting quantity is promoted to be large, the tillering is more, and a foundation is laid for stable yield and yield increase.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended to cover in the claims the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. The application of the rice machine direct seeding growth promoting granules in rice planting is characterized in that when the machine direct seeding is carried out, the granules are annularly applied around the rice seeds which are directly seeded;

the rice machine direct seeding growth promoting granules are prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.01-0.1% of preservative, 3-5% of insecticide, 3-5% of bactericide, 3-5% of oxygenation agent, 0.05-0.2% of plant growth regulator, 5-8% of trace elements, 1-2% of sparrow repellent, 15-20% of filler, 2-3% of natural polysaccharide nano microspheres and 2-3% of coating agent, and the binder is added to make the weight of the granule 100%.

2. The use according to claim 1,

the preservative is sodium benzoate;

the pesticide is one or more of imidacloprid, abamectin and cartap;

the bactericide is one or more of metalaxyl, carbendazim, benomyl, prochloraz and pyricularia grisea;

the oxygen increasing agent is one or more of calcium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, sodium percarbonate and ammonium peroxydisulfate;

the plant growth regulator is one or more of compound sodium nitrophenolate, naphthylacetic acid sodium salt, indoleacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, uniconazole, paclobutrazol, chlormequat chloride and gibberellin;

the trace element fertilizer is a mixture of a zinc fertilizer, a copper fertilizer, a manganese fertilizer and a boron fertilizer;

the sparrow repellent is one or more of carbofuran and bromacil;

the filler is industrial ground phosphate rock;

the natural polysaccharide is one or more of starch, xylo-oligosaccharide, raffinose and chitosan oligosaccharide;

the binder is one or more of attapulgite, kaolin and bentonite.

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