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CN106844992B - A kind of multi-directional hammer type incremental forming method and product obtained by the method - Google Patents

A kind of multi-directional hammer type incremental forming method and product obtained by the method Download PDF

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CN106844992B
CN106844992B CN201710069721.1A CN201710069721A CN106844992B CN 106844992 B CN106844992 B CN 106844992B CN 201710069721 A CN201710069721 A CN 201710069721A CN 106844992 B CN106844992 B CN 106844992B
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tool
forming
trajectory
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hammering
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CN106844992A (en
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王进
李丽华
姜虎森
王海涛
王小连
周鹏
柳琪
王旭
金烨堂
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Shenzhen Qianhai Hengjin Technology Co ltd
Qingdao University of Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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Abstract

The invention discloses a multidirectional hammering type incremental forming method and a product obtained by the method. The method can solve the problem of uneven deformation of the plate material in the common incremental forming process, thereby improving the forming performance of the plate material.

Description

Multidirectional hammering type progressive forming method and product obtained by same
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multidirectional hammering type incremental forming method and a product obtained by the method, and belongs to the technical field of sheet incremental forming processing.
Background
The plate incremental forming technology adopts the idea of 'layered manufacturing' of rapid prototyping manufacturing technology, is driven by a CAD model, can form a product without a die or only a male die, is very suitable for processing single-piece or small-batch thin shell products, and is a beneficial supplement to the traditional stamping forming. Has wide application prospect in the manufacturing industries of aviation, aerospace, household electrical appliances, medical appliances, automobiles and the like.
So-called progressive forming, in which the tool and the sheet are always in contact during the forming process, is also called continuous contact progressive forming. If the tool moves along the processing track and performs hammering action during the forming process, namely the tool is continuously lifted and dropped to periodically contact the sheet, the hammering type incremental forming is called. The relative continuous contact progressive forming is realized, and the hammering progressive forming has small friction and almost zero between the plates along the movement horizontal direction due to the periodic contact with the plates, so that the forming performance of the plates is further improved, the deformation force is reduced, the distortion of the finished piece along the processing direction can not occur, and the finished piece of the mesh plate can be formed.
The prototype of incremental sheet forming is that the craftsman uses a hammering method to deform the sheet to the shape to be formed. When the worker hammers the workpiece, the hammering direction can rotate freely, and the local deformation of the sheet is controlled by continuously adjusting the hammering direction and the hammering force in the hammering forming process, so that the local thickness of the workpiece can be controlled. In contrast, in the conventional hammering type incremental forming, since the hammering angle is fixed to 90 °, the hammering direction is not changed during forming, and the plate thickness cannot be freely adjusted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel multidirectional hammering type progressive forming method, which solves the problem that the hammering direction is difficult to change by driving in a hydraulic or mechanical mode in the conventional hammering type progressive forming method. The hammering direction of the tool can be flexibly controlled by reasonably programming a numerical control program so as to control the local thickness of a workpiece and improve the forming performance of a plate.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of multidirectional hammer-peening progressive forming comprising the steps of:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of a workpiece by using three-dimensional software;
(2) generating a continuous contact incremental forming processing track of a workpiece by adopting three-dimensional software or a manual programming mode;
(3) outputting the continuous contact progressive forming processing track in the step (2) to meet the discrete points of certain forming precision;
(4) interpolating the processing track points output in the step (3) to obtain new processing track points;
(5) introducing sine fluctuation in the direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction according to the horizontal speed and the processing time of the tool, adjusting the new processing track point obtained in the step (4), controlling the introduced amplitude, and generating a hammering type progressive forming track with a hammering angle of 90 degrees;
(6) the tool track point connecting line of two adjacent wave troughs is taken as a rotating shaft, and the track point between the two wave troughs rotates around the rotating shaft for a specific angle, so that the controllable fluctuation direction is realized;
(7) outputting a multi-directional hammering type gradually formed fluctuating machining track;
(8) and (4) performing multidirectional hammering progressive forming on the workpiece to be processed by the forming tool according to the processing track in the step (7).
Further, the specific process of the step (3) is as follows: and (4) interpolating the processing track points output in the step (3) by a Lagrange linear interpolation method according to the wavelength of the sine wave to be introduced and the number of the track points which are required to be met by each wavelength.
Further, the sinusoidal fluctuation is as shown in formula (1).
Figure BDA0001222353450000021
In the formula (x)i,yi,zi) Representing the space coordinate of a certain tool processing track point i output in the step 4; (X)i,Yi,Zi) Representing the spatial coordinates of a certain point i on the sinusoidal fluctuation track; a represents the amplitude of the incoming sine wave; λ represents the wavelength of the incoming sine wave; v represents the horizontal feed speed of the forming tool; t is tiIndicating the time required for the tool to pass from the initial position to point i.
Further, the direction of the connecting line of the track points of the tool in the step (6) is approximate to the tangential direction of the horizontal movement of the tool.
Further, the output format of the processing track in the step (7) is a format which can be recognized by a numerical control machine tool or a special incremental forming machine.
Further, the specific process of the step (8) is as follows:
making the workpiece to be processed into a flat structure, and enabling the geometric center of the workpiece to be processed to be superposed with the geometric center of the forming clamp so as to press the periphery of the workpiece to be processed; and (4) carrying out point-by-point progressive forming on the forming tool according to the fluctuation track data generated in the step (7) under the control of a numerical control machine tool or a special progressive forming machine.
An article obtained by any of the described multi-directional hammering progressive forming methods.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the prior art, the hammering direction is difficult to change by adopting a hydraulic or mechanical driving mode, and the redesign of the incremental forming equipment or the addition of a controllable multidirectional hammering device on the prior equipment obviously needs higher cost investment, long period, complex control system and uncertain feasibility.
The invention compiles the processing track of the forming tool into a fluctuating processing track, controls the fluctuating direction, wavelength and amplitude through a numerical control program, and can flexibly realize multidirectional hammering type progressive forming of periodic contact between the tool and a plate. The multidirectional hammering type incremental forming method can overcome the problem that the thickness of the existing incremental forming plate is mainly determined by a forming angle, and can better control the local thickness of a part, so that the forming performance of a plate can be improved.
The multidirectional hammering type incremental forming method can realize the control of hammering direction, frequency and amplitude only by the direction, wavelength and amplitude of a fluctuation track in a numerical control program, so that the design of the existing forming equipment does not need to be changed, an additional device does not need to be added, the cost is low, and the multidirectional hammering type incremental forming method can be used on the existing three-axis numerical control milling machine and a special incremental forming machine.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a generation flow of a multidirectional hammering type progressive forming wave machining trajectory.
Detailed Description
The following examples are specifically described in detail, which are carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and describe detailed implementation manners and specific operation procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
According to the multi-directional hammering type incremental forming method researched by the invention, the tool machining track is programmed into a fluctuation machining track, the direction, wavelength and amplitude of fluctuation are controlled through a numerical control program, and when a forming tool moves according to the programmed machining track, the multi-directional hammering type incremental forming of periodic contact between the tool and a plate can be realized. By adopting the forming method, the change of the hammering direction can be realized only by a common three-axis numerical control machine tool, the hammering forming process of a craftsman is better simulated, and the problem that the thickness of the existing incremental forming plate is mainly determined by a forming angle is solved, so that the forming performance of the plate can be improved, and the forming quality of a product is improved; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of a workpiece by using three-dimensional software;
(2) generating a continuous contact incremental forming processing track of a workpiece by adopting three-dimensional software or a manual programming mode;
(3) outputting the continuous contact progressive forming processing track in the step (2) to meet the discrete points of certain forming precision;
(4) interpolating the processing track points output in the step (3) to obtain new processing track points;
(5) introducing sine fluctuation in the direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction according to the horizontal speed and the processing time of the tool, adjusting the new processing track point obtained in the step (4), controlling the introduced amplitude, and generating a hammering type progressive forming track with a hammering angle of 90 degrees;
(6) the tool track point connecting line of two adjacent wave troughs is taken as a rotating shaft, and the track point between the two wave troughs rotates around the rotating shaft for a specific angle, so that the controllable fluctuation direction is realized;
(7) outputting a multi-directional hammering type gradually formed fluctuating machining track;
(8) and (4) performing multidirectional hammering progressive forming on the workpiece to be processed by the forming tool according to the processing track in the step (7).
The three-dimensional software can be selected from CAD/CAM software, and the UGNX8.0 software is taken as an example to explain the invention in detail:
example 1
The implementation process of the multi-directional hammering type progressive forming is specifically shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional CAD model of the variable-angle conical cup in UGNX8.0 software;
wherein the cone cup generatrix of the three-dimensional CAD model is a circular arc line, the radius is 100m, the opening size of the cone cup is 100mm, and the angle variation range is 20-90 degrees.
(2) The processing module in the UGNX8.0 software generates a continuous contact progressive forming processing trajectory. The precision of the progressive machining locus was set to 0.02mm, and the continuous machining locus was output as discrete points by calculation.
(3) Entering sine waves, setting the wavelength of each sine wave to meet the requirement that the number of track points is 18, interpolating the discrete processing track points output in the step (2) by a Lagrange linear interpolation method to obtain a new space coordinate (x) of a processing track point ii,yi,zi) (ii) a The wavelength can be controlled.
(4) A hammering type progressive forming locus with a hammering angle of 90 ° is generated according to equation (1). Selecting a sine wave with the wavelength lambda of 0.6mm, the amplitude A of 0.8mm and the horizontal feeding speed v of the tool of 300 mm/min; obtaining the spatial coordinate of a certain point i on the hammering type progressive forming track with the hammering angle of 90 degrees as
Xi=xi
Yi=yi
Figure BDA0001222353450000041
In the formula (x)i,yi,zi) Representing the space coordinate of a certain tool processing track point i output in the step 4; (X)i,Yi,Zi) Representing the spatial coordinates of a certain point i on the sinusoidal fluctuation track; 0.8 represents the amplitude of the incoming sine wave; t is tiIndicating the time required for the tool to pass from the initial position to point i.
(5) And (3) taking a connecting line of the tool track points of two adjacent wave troughs (approximate to the tangential direction of the horizontal motion of the tool) as a rotating shaft, and rotating the track point between the two wave troughs by a specific angle around the rotating shaft to generate a new tool path track.
In the area of 20-40 degrees of the opening of the processing variable-angle cone cup, the hammering angle of the tool is selected to be 90 degrees which is normally set, and the fluctuation direction of the tool is not changed; in the area of 40-65 degrees in the middle of the processing variable-angle cone cup, the track point rotates 20 degrees around the rotating shaft; in the area of 65-90 degrees at the bottom of the processing variable angle cone cup, the track point rotates 45 degrees around the rotating shaft.
(7) Outputting the wave processing track of the multidirectional hammering type progressive forming in a format which can be recognized by a numerical control machine tool or a special progressive forming machine.
(8) And (4) carrying out point-by-point progressive forming on the forming tool according to the fluctuation track data generated in the step (7) under the control of the machine tool.
In the method, the processing track of the forming tool is programmed into a fluctuation processing track, and the direction, wavelength and amplitude of fluctuation are controlled by a program in UGNX8.0 software, so that the multidirectional hammering type incremental forming of periodic contact between the tool and a plate can be flexibly realized. The multidirectional hammering type incremental forming method can overcome the problem that the thickness of the existing incremental forming plate is mainly determined by a forming angle, and can better control the local thickness of a part, so that the forming performance of a plate can be improved.
Example 2
A sheet-like shaped article, i.e. the article, obtained by the multidirectional hammer-peening progressive forming method described in embodiment 1. After the corresponding program is obtained in the steps (1) - (7), blanking the plate material into 230 x 230mm by adopting an industrial pure aluminum 1060 plate with the thickness of 1mm, enabling the geometric center of the plate material to be overlapped with the geometric center of the forming clamp, and pressing the periphery of the plate material for clamping by 15 mm; carrying out point-by-point progressive forming on the forming tool under the control of the machine tool according to the fluctuation track data generated in the step (7); the final product is obtained.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1.一种多向锤击式渐进成形方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:1. a multi-directional hammer type incremental forming method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 将工具加工轨迹编制为波动加工轨迹,通过数控程序控制波动的方向、波长和振幅,当成形工具按编制好的加工轨迹运动时,实现工具与板料周期性接触的多向锤击式渐进成形;The tool processing trajectory is programmed as a wave processing trajectory, and the direction, wavelength and amplitude of the wave are controlled by the numerical control program. When the forming tool moves according to the programmed processing trajectory, the multi-directional hammer incremental forming in which the tool and the sheet are periodically contacted is realized. ; (1)采用三维软件建立制件三维几何模型;(1) Use 3D software to establish a 3D geometric model of the part; (2)采用三维软件或人工编程方式生成制件的连续接触渐进成形加工轨迹;(2) Using three-dimensional software or manual programming to generate the continuous contact incremental forming processing trajectory of the workpiece; (3)将步骤(2)中的连续接触渐进成形加工轨迹以满足一定成形精度的离散点输出;(3) outputting the discrete point output of the continuous contact incremental forming processing track in step (2) to meet a certain forming accuracy; (4)对步骤(3)输出的加工轨迹点进行插值,获得新的加工轨迹点;(4) Interpolate the processing track point output in step (3) to obtain a new processing track point; (5)在垂直于水平方向上根据工具水平速度和加工时间引入正弦波动,调整步骤(4)获得的新的加工轨迹点,控制引入的振幅,生成锤击角为90°的锤击式渐进成形轨迹;(5) Introduce sinusoidal fluctuations perpendicular to the horizontal direction according to the horizontal speed of the tool and the processing time, adjust the new processing trajectory point obtained in step (4), control the introduced amplitude, and generate a hammering progressive with a hammering angle of 90° forming trajectory; (6)以相邻两个波谷的工具轨迹点连线为转轴,将两波谷之间的轨迹点绕该转轴旋转特定角度,实现波动方向可控;(6) Taking the line connecting the tool trajectory points of the two adjacent wave valleys as the rotation axis, rotate the trajectory points between the two wave valleys around the rotation axis by a specific angle to realize the controllable wave direction; (7)输出多向锤击式渐进成形的波动加工轨迹;(7) Output the wave processing trajectory of multi-directional hammer-type incremental forming; (8)成形工具按步骤(7)所述的加工轨迹对待加工件进行多向锤击渐进成形;(8) The forming tool performs multi-directional hammering incremental forming of the workpiece to be processed according to the processing track described in step (7); 将待加工件做成平板状结构,使待加工件的几何中心与成形夹具的几何中心重合,压住待加工件的四周;成形工具在数控机床或专用渐进成形机的控制下按照步骤(7)生成的波动轨迹数据进行逐点渐进成形。The workpiece to be processed is made into a flat structure, so that the geometric center of the workpiece to be processed coincides with the geometric center of the forming fixture, and the periphery of the workpiece to be processed is pressed; ) to generate point-by-point incremental shaping of the wave trajectory data. 2.如权利要求1所述的多向锤击式渐进成形方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)的具体过程为:根据要引入正弦波的波长和每个波长应满足轨迹点的个数,通过Lagrange线性插值法对步骤(2)输出的加工轨迹点进行插值。2. multi-directional hammering type incremental forming method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the concrete process of step (3) is: should satisfy the number of trajectory points according to the wavelength and each wavelength of sine wave to be introduced, Interpolate the processing track points output in step (2) by the Lagrange linear interpolation method. 3.如权利要求1所述的多向锤击式渐进成形方法,其特征在于,所述正弦波动如式(1)所示,3. The multi-directional hammering type incremental forming method according to claim 1, wherein the sinusoidal wave is as shown in formula (1),
Figure FDA0002370034910000011
Figure FDA0002370034910000011
式中,(xi,yi,zi)表示步骤4输出的某个工具加工轨迹点i的空间坐标;(Xi,Yi,Zi)表示正弦波动轨迹上某个点i的空间坐标;A表示引入正弦波的振幅;λ表示引入正弦波的波长;v表示成形工具的水平进给速度;ti表示工具从初始位置到i点所需经过时间。In the formula, (x i , y i , z i ) represents the spatial coordinates of a certain tool processing trajectory point i output in step 4; (X i , Y i , Z i ) represents the space of a certain point i on the sinusoidal wave trajectory Coordinates; A represents the amplitude of the sine wave introduced; λ represents the wavelength of the sine wave introduced; v represents the horizontal feed speed of the forming tool; t i represents the time required for the tool to travel from the initial position to point i.
4.如权利要求1所述的多向锤击式渐进成形方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中所述的工具轨迹点连线的方向近似工具水平运动切线方向。4 . The multi-directional hammer-type incremental forming method according to claim 1 , wherein the direction of the line connecting the tool trajectory points in step (6) approximates the tangential direction of the horizontal movement of the tool. 5 . 5.如权利要求1所述的多向锤击式渐进成形方法,其特征在于,步骤(7)中加工轨迹的输出格式为数控机床或专用渐进成形机可识别的格式。5 . The multi-directional hammering type incremental forming method according to claim 1 , wherein the output format of the processing track in step (7) is a format recognizable by a numerically controlled machine tool or a special incremental forming machine. 6 . 6.一种制品,其特征在于,采用权利要求1-5任一所述的多向锤击式渐进成形方法获得,6. A product, characterized in that, it is obtained by adopting the multi-directional hammering type incremental forming method described in any one of claims 1-5, 变角度锥杯开口,变角度锥杯中部,变角度锥杯底部。The variable-angle cone cup has an opening, the middle of the variable-angle cone cup, and the bottom of the variable-angle cone cup.
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