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CN106680762A - Sound vector array orientation estimation method based on cross covariance sparse reconstruction - Google Patents

Sound vector array orientation estimation method based on cross covariance sparse reconstruction Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106680762A
CN106680762A CN201611158285.7A CN201611158285A CN106680762A CN 106680762 A CN106680762 A CN 106680762A CN 201611158285 A CN201611158285 A CN 201611158285A CN 106680762 A CN106680762 A CN 106680762A
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sound
signal
noise
vibration velocity
vector
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CN106680762B (en
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时洁
杨德森
时胜国
张昊阳
朱中锐
李松
胡博
莫世奇
方尔正
张揽月
洪连进
李思纯
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Yantai Haixin Tuofei Marine Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/80Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • G01S3/802Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a sound vector array orientation estimation method based on cross covariance sparse reconstruction. The method comprises steps of (a) acquiring sound vector array reception data, and generating vector array airspace sparse expression related to sound source signals in interested space THETA; (b) in each azimuth angle thetak, generating M*M-dimensional sound pressure-vibration velocity cross covariance matrix R(p+vc)(thetak); and (c) sufficiently using the irrelevance between the signals and the noise and independence between signals and between noise in the sound pressure-vibration velocity united processing, reducing the phi(vc)(thetak) in the cross covariance matrix into a K*K-dimensional diagonal matrix. According to the invention, a new sound source signal sparse expression form is constructed which is different from former forms where the vibration velocity in the vector array is only taken as scalar quantity which is the same as a sound pressure channel to be processed, and the advantages of the pressure-vibration velocity united processing are fully used, so the noise inhibiting ability of the array signal processing is greatly improved.

Description

A kind of acoustic vector sensor array direction estimation method based on the sparse reconstruct of cross covariance
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of acoustic vector sensor array direction estimation method based on the sparse reconstruct of cross covariance.
Background technology
The sharpest edges of acoustic vector array signal process technique are by the anti-noise ability and array manifold of vector sensor Resolving power performance combines, therefore more single acoustic pressure battle array treatment estimates performance with orientation higher.But, it is existing Acoustic vector sensor array signal processing technology be substantially based on Nehorai theoretical frames, its essence is by the vibration velocity of acoustic vector sensor array letter Breath is processed as with acoustic pressure identical independence array element information, does not make full use of " acoustic pressure-vibration velocity " united information to process, because This signal-noise ratio threshold is higher.In fact, in acoustic far field coherent source (signal source of limited dimension) signal acoustic pressure and vibration velocity It is relevant, and the acoustic pressure of noise is incoherent with vibration velocity in isotropic noise, therefore based on acoustic pressure vibration velocity joint The information processing technology will necessarily have stronger isotropic noise rejection ability.Based on this, Bai Xingyu etc. proposes acoustic pressure and shakes Fast united signal processing method, the anti-noise ability of the high resolution of subspace class method and vector hydrophone is organically combined Come, realize long-range high resolution DOA estimation (1 Bai Xingyu, based on the acoustic vector direction finding technology of united information treatment, the Doctor of engineering Paper, Harbin Engineering University, 2006).Its core technology is that acoustic pressure vibration velocity Cross-covariance is carried out into Subspace Decomposition, from And subspace class high-resolution space spectral method is expanded and is applied in vector array signals processing.
Angeliki Xenaki et al. propose compressed sensing Wave beam forming concept, using the space of array received data It is openness to carry out sound source reconstruct (2 Angeliki Xenaki, Peter Gerstoft, Klaus Mosegaard.Compressive beamforming.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.2014,136(1):260-271).Utilizing In the sparse research reconstructed for target Bearing Estimation of array covariance matrix, Siyang Zhong et al. are proposed based on acoustic pressure Compressed sensing Beamforming Method (3 Siyang Zhong, the Qingkai Wei, Xun of battle array data covariance matrix Huang.Compressive sensingbeamforming based on covariance for acoustic imaging With noisy measurements, J.Acoust.Soc.Am.2013,134 (5), 445-451), sound source waveform is estimated to ask Topic is converted into sound power of a source estimation problem.Ning Chu et al. propose sound power of a source and location estimation side based on sparse reconstruct Method (4 Ning Chu, Jos é Picheral, Ali Mohammad-djafari, Nicolas Gac.A robust super- resolution approach with sparsity constraint in acoustic imaging).But above method The separate prior information of sound source is with only, its shortcoming is identical with traditional acoustic pressure battle array treatment, it is impossible to reduce signal to noise ratio door Limit.Shi Jie et al. proposes the vector array based on compressed sensing and focuses on localization method (clean when 5, Yang Desen, Shi Shengguo, Hu Bo, Zhu In sharp be based on compressed sensing vector array focus on localization method Acta Physica Sinicas .2016,65 (2):024302,1-11) it is, fully sharp With the spatial sparsity of sound source, the sparse signal model of vector array near field positioning is constructed, solved using l1 norms regularization method, it is real The small accurate auditory localization taken soon is showed.Although the technology is processed using vector array, overcome coherent sound sources and differentiate difficult, tribute Offer evaluation inaccurate, algorithm performance is degenerated seriously in practical application, and result of calculation relies on big snap and carries out data covariance estimation, Algorithm iteration computational processing is huge to wait a series of complex problem, but it is still that acoustic pressure vibration velocity is considered as at autonomous channel Reason, it is impossible to give full play to the advantage of acoustic pressure-vibration velocity Combined Treatment.
Inspired by above Physical Mechanism and processing method, this patent has paid close attention to acoustic pressure vibration velocity Cross-covariance Spatial sparsity, invented a kind of compressed sensing Beamforming Method based on Cross-covariance, the method can be obtained simultaneously Obtain sound power of a source and orientation estimated result.
The content of the invention
A kind of enhancing noise is provided present invention aim at the advantage of vector array acoustic pressure-vibration velocity Combined Treatment is made full use of Rejection ability, realizes to sound source power in the reconstruct of evacuated space, can simultaneously obtain the base of sound power of a source and orientation estimated result In the acoustic vector sensor array direction estimation method of the sparse reconstruct of cross covariance.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A () obtains acoustic vector sensor array and receives data, the vector array on sound-source signal is generated in space Θ interested empty Domain rarefaction is represented.
B () is in each azimuth angle thetakOn, generation M × M dimensions acoustic pressure-vibration velocity Cross-covariance R(p+vc)k)。
C () is made full use of in acoustic pressure-vibration velocity Combined Treatment, irrelevance and signal and letter between signal and noise Between number, the independence between noise and noise, by the Φ in Cross-covariance(vc)k) turn to K × K dimension diagonal matrix.
D () is to M × M dimension Cross-covariances R(p+vc)k) deformed, generate new M2× 1 dimension cross covariance column vector
E () is obtained on signal powerRarefaction representation.
F () is using the vector array cross covariance column vector for having obtainedWith super complete G Φ(vc)k) weigh Structure sparse signal matrix
The whole azimuth angle thetas of (g) traversalk(k=1,2 ..., K), repeat step (b) to (f) obtains each angle, θkOn Sound-source signal power estimated result.
H () draws orientation spectrogram according to all azimuthal sound-source signal power estimation values.
I () determines sound source incoming wave orientation and power relative size simultaneously by the spectrum peak position and intensity of spatial spectrum.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) new sound-source signal rarefaction representation form is constructed, this form vibration velocity by vector array different from the past is led to Road is only regarded solely as harmony pressure passageway identical scalar and is processed, but takes full advantage of the excellent of acoustic pressure-vibration velocity Combined Treatment Gesture, greatly improves the noise inhibiting ability of Array Signal Processing.
2) the spatial domain compression property of the sound source information received using vector array, makes Array Signal Processing no longer be directly to obtain Orientation estimated result (can only obtain azimuthal estimate) is obtained, and can be the joint for obtaining sound bearing and power simultaneously Estimated result.
3) vector array is taken full advantage of to port and starboard ambiguity resolution capability, is suppressed completely in the spatial spectrum after sparse reconstruct Fuzzy message.
4) high space high-resolution performance is shown naturally in spatial spectrum, only sound source is cashed out in orientation where sound source Performance number, and completely without power leakage on adjacent orientation.
5) preferable orientation estimation effect can be still obtained under fewer snapshots.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is vector array sparse signal schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is orientation spectrogram comparing result;
Fig. 3 is change curve of the power estimation error with signal to noise ratio;
Fig. 4 is change curve of the orientation evaluated error with signal to noise ratio.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The method makes full use of vector array acoustic pressure vibration velocity Combined Treatment advantage, sparse on dimensional orientation using sound source Property, by constructing the rarefaction representation of novel acoustic vector sensor array cross-covariance vector, performance is estimated in effectively enhancing acoustic vector sensor array orientation.
A () obtains acoustic vector sensor array and receives data, the vector array on sound-source signal is generated in space Θ interested empty Domain rarefaction is represented.
Consider that single far field single-frequency point sound-source signal is incided in the uniform two dimension acoustic vector linear array of M units, array element spacing d mono- As be chosen for sound wave half-wavelength (Fig. 1 show vector array sparse signal schematic diagram).The sparse letter of vector array how soon generation is taken Number matrix form it is as follows:
Y(p)=AS+N(p) (1a)
Y(vx)=A Φ(vx)S+N(vx) (1b)
Y(vy)=A Φ(vy)S+N(vy) (1c)
Above formula is deployable to be expressed as:
Wherein, S is that K × L ties up source signal matrix, and K is the whole azimuth numbers in the Θ of space, and L is fast umber of beats, skIt is right Should be in 1 × L dimensional signal vectors of kth arrival bearing;A is conventional linear array steering vector matrix, wherein element(m=1,2 ..., M, k=1,2 ..., K) is to reach the corresponding to the signal on kth arrival bearing The steering vector element of m array elements, d is array element spacing, and f is frequency of sound wave, and c is the velocity of sound in water;Subscript ()(p)、(.)(vx)With (.)(vy)Represent respectively corresponding to acoustic pressure, x to vibration velocity and y to the variable of vibration velocity, vector or matrix.Φ(vx)And Φ(vy)Respectively Corresponding to x K × K dimension diagonal matrix are to vibration velocity and y to the unit vector matrix of vibration velocity channel.Consider ambient noise interference, N(p)、N(vx)And N(vy)Respectively M × L dimensions acoustic pressure, x are to vibration velocity and y to vibration velocity channel noise matrix.WithPoint Not Wei the acoustic pressure of m hydrophones, x tie up noise data vector to 1 × L of vibration velocity channel to vibration velocity and y.Y(p)、Y(vx)And Y(vy)Point Not Wei M × L dimension acoustic pressure, x to vibration velocity and y to vibration velocity data matrix,WithRespectively the acoustic pressure of m array elements, X is to vibration velocity and y to vibration velocity 1 × L dimension data vectors.
The physical significance of the sparse signal model is as shown in Figure 1.Director space domain Θ where sound source is divided between K etc. Every uniform azimuth constitute { θ12,...,θk,...,θK, then each of which dimensional orientation θkWith a pair of sound bearing 1 Should, simultaneously as only existing N number of real sources (N < < K) in space.On Θ, there is signal at only N number of azimuth, that is, construct There was only the Wave data .y of wherein corresponding N row nonzero elements in the K × L dimensional signal matrixes S for going out(p)、y(vx)And y(vy)Essence On be S rarefaction representation, the reconstruct of signal S is realized following with the united new method of acoustic pressure-vibration velocity.
B () is in each azimuth angle thetakOn, generation M × M dimensions acoustic pressure-vibration velocity Cross-covariance R(p+vc)k)。
In θkOn, construct vibration velocity composite signal Y(vc)k)=cos θkY(vx)+sinθkY(vy).And then generate M × M dimension sound Pressure-vibration velocity Cross-covariance:
R(p+vc)k)=E { Y(p)(Y(vc)k))*}=E { Y (cos θkY(vx)+sinθkY(vy))*} (3)
Wherein, E { } is mathematic expectaion,*It is conjugate transposition operator.
C () is made full use of in acoustic pressure-vibration velocity Combined Treatment, irrelevance and signal and letter between signal and noise Between number, the independence between noise and noise, by the Φ in Cross-covariance(vc)k) turn to K × K dimension diagonal matrix.
Using the irrelevance between signal and noise, Operation Nature meets(i =1,2 ..., K, j=1,2 ..., K), and between signal and signal, the independence between noise and noise With(now requiring i ≠ j), then can be by the Φ in Cross-covariance(vc)k) K × K dimensions are turned to angular moment Battle array.
Have:
D () is to M × M dimension Cross-covariances R(p+vc)k) deformed, generate new M2× 1 dimension cross covariance column vector
The Cross-covariance R that further M × M can be tieed up(p+vc)Shown recombination method, generates M according to the following formula2×1 The cross covariance column vector of dimension
E () is obtained on signal powerRarefaction representation.
Wherein, G is M2× K ties up restructuring transformation matrix.For reconstruction signal matrix is tieed up in K × 1, its physical significance represents sparse The power of signal.It is M2× 1 dimension restructuring noise matrix.
F () is using the vector array cross covariance column vector for having obtainedWith super complete G Φ(vc)k) weigh Structure sparse signal matrix
Sparse signal processing procedure is expressed as following optimization:
Wherein ε is noise constraints parameter, | | | |1Represent l1Norm, | | | |2Represent l1Norm, min is represented and is taken minimum value. S.t. implication is to make the l of left side formula on the right side of meeting under formula constraints1Norm minimum.Above formula is a underdetermined equation, can Recover source signal power with from vector array cross covariance column vector, so as to obtain indirectly in θkSignal power in orientation is estimated As a result.This sparse linear regression problem can carry out regularization to second order error by using low-order mode, and using CVX tool boxes Effectively solve the optimization problem.
The whole azimuth angle thetas of (g) traversalk(k=1,2 ..., K), repeat step (b) to (f) obtains each angle, θkOn Sound-source signal power estimated result.
H () draws orientation spectrogram according to all azimuthal sound-source signal power estimation values.
I () determines sound source incoming wave orientation and power relative size simultaneously by the spectrum peak position and intensity of spatial spectrum.
The specific embodiment to content of the invention each several part is illustrated above.New method makes full use of vector array sound The advantage of pressure-vibration velocity Combined Treatment, strengthen noise inhibiting ability, realize to sound source power evacuated space reconstruct, can be simultaneously Obtain sound power of a source and orientation estimated result.Simulation example is analyzed below.
Example one:Orientation spectrogram comparative analysis
Instance parameter sets as follows:Single single-frequency frequency of source is 1kHz, 45 ° of its incident orientation angle.For ease of analysis, will Sound power of a source value is 1.Vector array element number of array 7, array element spacing is chosen for the half-wavelength 0.75m of incident acoustic wave.System is adopted Sample rate is 10kHz.The velocity of sound is taken as 1480m/s in water.Azimuth sweep scope is 0 ° to 360 °, 1 ° of scanning step.Will in emulation The sparse reconstruct of auto-covariance matrix is used in new method and document [3] that the sparse reconstruct of Cross-covariance is utilized in this patent Method is analyzed.The orientation spectrogram comparing result of two methods is as shown in Fig. 2 (a) represents document [3] method in figure Result of calculation, (b) represents result of calculation of the invention, and the abscissa in figure represents azimuth, and ordinate represents estimation power.
Example two:Amplitude Estimation and orientation evaluated error analysis under different signal to noise ratios
Simulation parameter is constant, amplitude Estimation and orientation the evaluated error analysis under different signal to noise ratios, signal to noise ratio excursion It is -5dB to 20dB.Fig. 3 show change curve of the power estimation error with signal to noise ratio.Fig. 4 show orientation evaluated error with The change curve of signal to noise ratio.
Simulation result in Comprehensive example can be seen that the excellent of the abundant acoustic pressure vibration velocity Combined Treatment of new method in the present invention Gesture, with anti-port and starboard ambiguity ability, the orientation especially when signal to noise ratio is relatively low estimates that performance has significantly raising.The method Due to being reconstructed to sound power of a source, can be significantly improved background fluctuations rejection ability.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of acoustic vector sensor array direction estimation method based on the sparse reconstruct of cross covariance, it is characterised in that the method is included such as Lower step:
A () obtains acoustic vector sensor array and receives data, the vector array spatial domain on sound-source signal is generated in space Θ interested dilute Thinization is represented;
B () is in each azimuth angle thetakOn, generation M × M dimensions acoustic pressure-vibration velocity Cross-covariance R(p+vc)k);
C () is made full use of in acoustic pressure-vibration velocity Combined Treatment, the irrelevance and signal and signal between signal and noise it Between, the independence between noise and noise, by the Φ in Cross-covariance(vc)k) turn to K × K dimension diagonal matrix;
D () is to M × M dimension Cross-covariances R(p+vc)k) deformed, generate new M2× 1 dimension cross covariance column vector
E () is obtained on signal powerRarefaction representation;
F () is using the vector array cross covariance column vector for having obtainedWith super complete G Φ(vc)k) dilute to reconstruct Dredge signal matrix
The whole azimuth angle thetas of (g) traversalk(k=1,2 ..., K), repeat step (b) to (f) obtains each angle, θkOn sound Source signal power estimated result;
H () draws orientation spectrogram according to all azimuthal sound-source signal power estimation values;
I () determines sound source incoming wave orientation and power relative size simultaneously by the spectrum peak position and intensity of spatial spectrum.
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CN111175691A (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-05-19 北京理工大学 Bilateral sparse nested array design method for direction of arrival estimation
CN111679248A (en) * 2020-05-15 2020-09-18 黑龙江工程学院 Target azimuth and distance combined sparse reconstruction positioning method based on seabed horizontal L-shaped array
CN111679248B (en) * 2020-05-15 2023-04-21 黑龙江工程学院 Target azimuth and distance combined sparse reconstruction positioning method based on seabed horizontal L-shaped array
CN112285647A (en) * 2020-09-30 2021-01-29 中国船舶重工集团公司七五0试验场 Signal orientation high-resolution estimation method based on sparse representation and reconstruction
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