CN106563474A - 工业污水净化及有效降低cod用粉状催化剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
工业污水净化及有效降低cod用粉状催化剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种工业污水净化及有效降低COD用粉状催化剂,活性炭载体上负载有5~15%的Ca、5~15%的Mg、5~15%的Fe、10~50%的Cl。选择优化的活性炭载体,将活性物质按一定比例配制成混合溶液,通过浸渍煅烧的方式将活性物质有效负载于活性炭载体中,后半成品磨粉,还可以通过添加粘结剂经过成型压块出矩形、柱状等形状的其他产品。活性炭因其本身的发达孔隙,有良好的吸附效果,加之在此基础上负载可以针对水中污染物的相应活性组分,针对污水中氨氮、磷酸根离子及降低COD,使处理更快捷更方便,且成本降低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂制备领域,具体为 一种工业污水净化及有效降低COD用粉状催化剂。
背景技术
水是人类生存和社会发展的重要物质基础,是一种有限的、不可替代的宝贵资源,也是实现经济社会可持续发展的重要保证。我国是一个人均水资源匮乏的国家,被列为世界上十三个贫水国之一。随着我国工业的发展,工业废水的排放量日益增加,污染水体,水体受到污染后,不仅会使其水质不符合饮用水、渔业用水的标准,还会使地下水中的化学有害物质和硬度增加,影响地下水的利用,并且水体一旦受到污染,要想在短时间内恢复到原来的状态是不容易的。水污染成为我国面临的主要环境问题之一。因此,尽快提升我国污水处理行业技术和产业化水平,有效遏制水资源污染的状况,是缓解水资源短缺行之有效的方法。
现有污水处理一般有三种方式:
1、物理处理法:包括格栅截留法、沉淀法、气浮法和过滤法等。
2、化学处理法:主要用于处理工业废水,包括中和、混凝、电解、氧化还原、汽提、萃取、吸附和离子交换等。
3、生物处理法:主要有好氧法和厌氧法两大类。
单纯的生物氧化法出水中含有一定量的难降解有机物,COD值偏高,不能完全达到排放标准。吸附法虽能较好地去除COD,但存在吸附剂的再生和二次污染问题。催化氧化法虽能降低难以生物降解的有机物,但实际的工业应用中存在运行费用高等问题。
由于传统的物理法应用受限,处理简易,对高要求的环境不能适应。化学法利用化学反应的作用分离回收污水中各种(悬浮物、胶体和溶解物等)污染物。生物法多用于处理高浓度有机污水及污水处理过程中产生的污泥,主要用于城市污水及有机性工业废水。
发明内容
本发明的目的是研制能有效去除工业污水中的氨氮及磷酸根离子,同时降低COD的粉状催化剂,使其达到国家规定的排放标准。活性炭因为其本身的发达孔隙,有良好的吸附效果,加之在此基础上负责可以针对水中污染物的活性组分,使处理更快捷方便,且成本较低。
本发明是采用如下技术方案实现的:
一种工业污水净化及有效降低COD用粉状催化剂,活性炭载体上负载有5~15%的Ca、5~15%的Mg、5~15%的Fe、10~50%的Cl。
上述催化剂的制备过程如下:
(1)混合溶液配置:称取规定重量的上述活性组分的浸渍剂加入到计算好的盐酸和蒸馏水的混合溶剂中,加热并不断搅拌,使浸渍剂充分溶解,待混合溶液温度达到30-50℃,停止加热;
(2)浸渍:采用等量浸渍法,将配置好的上述混合溶液加入到盛有煤质破碎活性炭的浸渍机中,迅速搅拌,直至溶液被充分吸收;
(3)活化:将混合物料加入到热的空气气流中进行煅烧干燥,待气流温度达到100℃时开始计时,继续反应1~1.5h,温度控制在100~130℃之间。
(4)磨粉:用某型磨粉机将半成品磨粉至300目或以上。
(5)成型:通过添加特定配制的粘结剂,将磨好的半成品与粘结剂按20:1的比例混合搅拌,用矩形或压条机进行成型工序。
根据化学反应原理:污水中的COD的含量本身可通过活性炭的物理孔隙吸附降低。
污水中的氨氮及磷酸根离子可通过与钙、镁、铁等离子的交换反应生成沉底去除。
2PO4 3- + 3Ca2+ ==Ca3(PO4)2↓
污水中的氨氮(NH3-N)以游离氨(NH3)或铵盐(NH4 +)的形式存在于水中,两者的组成比例取决于水的PH值和水温。当PH偏高时,游离氨的比例较高。反之,则铵盐的比例高。水温则相反。
水中的氨在氧的作用下可以生成亚硝酸盐,并进一步形成硝酸盐。同时水中的亚硝酸盐也可以在厌氧条件下受微生物作用转化为氮气。氨氮转化为硝酸盐反应:
4NH3 + 5O2==4NO+6H2O
2NO+O2==2NO2
4NO2+2H2O+O2==4HNO3
(NH4)2C2O4+Ca2+/Mg2+==CaC2O4↓/MgC2O4↓+2NH4 +
本发明以粉状炭为突破点,区别于现有柱状、破碎等形式的煤质炭,以期达到更好的吸附效果。
上述方法通过在活性炭载体上负载多种浸渍剂实现对多种工业污水净化及有效降低COD,其优点如下:
1、负载活性组分的种类主要包括了Ca、Mg、Fe、Cl元素。
2、在所述载体材料上负载指定活性组分制备浸渍炭,具有对多种工业污水净化及有效降低COD。
3、该产品可根据市场需求以粉状或规则形状存在。
本发明设计合理,选择优化的活性炭载体,将活性物质按一定比例配制成混合溶液,通过浸渍煅烧的方式将活性物质有效负载于活性炭载体中,后半成品磨粉,还可以通过添加粘结剂经过成型压块出矩形、柱状等形状的其他产品。活性炭因其本身的发达孔隙,有良好的吸附效果,加之在此基础上负载可以针对水中污染物的相应活性组分,针对污水中氨氮、磷酸根离子及降低COD,使处理更快捷更方便,且成本降低。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施例进行详细说明。
实施例1
一种工业污水净化及有效降低COD用粉状催化剂,以活性炭重量为计,活性炭载体上负载有10%的Ca元素、12%的Mg元素、12%的Fe元素、25%的Cl元素。
其中,Ca元素来自于碳酸钙等,Mg元素来自于碳酸镁等,Fe元素来自于氧化铁或者氯化铁等。
其制备方法如下:
(1)混合溶液配置:称取规定重量的含有活性组分的浸渍剂加入到计算好的盐酸和蒸馏水的混合溶剂中,加热并不断搅拌,使浸渍剂充分溶解,待混合溶液温度达到30-50℃,停止加热;
(2)浸渍:采用等量浸渍法,将配置好的上述混合溶液加入到盛有煤质破碎活性炭的浸渍机中,迅速搅拌,直至溶液被充分吸收;
(3)活化:将混合物料加入到热的空气气流中进行煅烧干燥,待气流温度达到100℃时开始计时,继续反应1~1.5h,温度控制在 100~130℃之间;
(4)磨粉:将半成品磨粉至300目或以上。
(5)成型:通过添加特定配制的粘结剂,将磨好的半成品与粘结剂按20:1的比例混合搅拌,用矩形或压条机进行成型工序。
该产品最终可以粉状或规则形状形式存在。
实施例2
一种工业污水净化及有效降低COD用粉状催化剂,以活性炭重量为计,活性炭载体上负载有5%的Ca元素、15%的Mg元素、10%的Fe元素、40%的Cl元素。
制备方法同实施例1,该产品最终可以粉状或规则形状形式存在。
实施例3
一种工业污水净化及有效降低COD用粉状催化剂,以活性炭重量为计,活性炭载体上负载有15%的Ca元素、10%的Mg元素、5%的Fe元素、50%的Cl元素。
制备方法同实施例1,该产品最终可以粉状或规则形状形式存在。
实施例4
一种工业污水净化及有效降低COD用粉状催化剂,以活性炭重量为计,活性炭载体上负载有10%的Ca元素、8%的Mg元素、15%的Fe元素、10%的Cl元素。
制备方法同实施例1,该产品最终可以粉状或规则形状形式存在。
最后应说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照本发明实施例进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,都不脱离本发明的技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖本发明的权利要求保护范围中。
Claims (4)
1.一种工业污水净化及有效降低COD用粉状催化剂,其特征在于:活性炭载体上负载有5~15%的Ca、5~15%的Mg、5~15%的Fe、10~50%的Cl。
2.根据权利要求1所述的工业污水净化及有效降低COD用粉状催化剂,其特征在于:活性炭载体上负载有10% 的Ca、12%的Mg、12%的Fe、25%的Cl。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的工业污水净化及有效降低COD用粉状催化剂,其特征在于:所述活性炭载体为煤质破碎活性炭。
4.权利要求3所述的工业污水净化及有效降低COD用粉状催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)混合溶液配置:称取含有活性组分的浸渍剂加入到计算好的盐酸和蒸馏水的混合溶剂中,加热并不断搅拌,使浸渍剂充分溶解,待混合溶液温度达到30-50℃,停止加热;
(2)浸渍:采用等量浸渍法,将配置好的上述混合溶液加入到盛有煤质破碎活性炭的浸渍机中,迅速搅拌,直至溶液被充分吸收;
(3)活化:将混合物料加入到热的空气气流中进行煅烧干燥,待气流温度达到100℃时开始计时,继续反应1~1.5h,温度控制在 100~130℃之间;
(4)磨粉:将半成品磨粉至300目或以上。
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