CN106342555B - Method for breeding new species of natural hetero-alternating heterogeneous populus euphratica and populus griseus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for breeding new varieties of natural hybrid alternating ash poplars through the populus euphratica and ash poplar, which comprises the following steps of (1) stock seedling breeding, selecting excellent female populus euphratica as stock seed sources, soaking seeds of the excellent female populus euphratica, sowing, culturing the sown seedlings by a moving bed for years, selecting strong seedlings from seedlings as stock seedlings in summer in the third year, (2) selecting and processing scions, selecting excellent populus euphratica varieties from natural hybrid ash poplars in a mixed distribution area of the populus euphratica and the ash poplar, selecting the excellent hybrid populus euphorbia as good trees, then keeping good trees in piles, culturing strong branches for tillering, selecting branches with vigorous growth as scions, (3) grafting, (4) managing, and (5) carrying out secondary grafting.

Description

Method for breeding new species of natural hetero-alternating heterogeneous populus euphratica and populus griseus

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural biology, and particularly relates to a method for breeding new varieties of varieties of natural hybrid alternative alien populus euphratica through populus euphratica and populus griseus.

Background

Populus diversifolia and populus griseifolia are very precious woody plant stress-resistant germplasm resources, are listed as gradually-dangerous three-level protection plants by the nation, have strong drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance, wind resistance, sand fixation and other capabilities, are natural vegetation establishment species and dominant species in a Tarim river basin, and play a vital role in ecological balance of the Tarim river basin.

The morphological characteristics and the ecological characteristics of the populus euphratica and the populus griseifolia are basically the same, the two populus euphratica and the populus griseifolia are often mixed at , so that the two populus euphratica are naturally hybridized to form a plurality of intermediate variation species of the populus euphratica with the characteristics of the populus euphratica and the populus griseifolia, the researches on genetic variation, improved variety breeding, salt resistance, drought resistance mechanism, asexual propagation and the like of the populus griseifolia and the natural hybrid species of the populus griseifolia are still blank, and in order to enable the natural hybrid species of the populus griseifolia to be subjected to the processes of improved variety and.

The new species of the trees have a decisive role in the sustainable development of forestry, and in the breeding of the tree species, although partial characters of the tree species of the trees can be analyzed by methods such as gene analysis and the like, the variety value of the tree species of the trees depends on the aspects of growth, material quality, stress resistance, disease and insect resistance and the like. By adopting a conventional breeding mode, the tree seeds of the trees need a longer period from seeds, seedlings and high growth to fruiting and yield, so that the breeding of the tree seeds of the trees consumes a large amount of manpower and material resources, and meanwhile, the breeding investment is large and the risk is high.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a grafting and breeding method of natural hybrid populus diversifolia.

The invention provides a method for breeding new species of natural hetero-alternating heterogeneous populus diversifolia through populus euphratica and populus tremula, which comprises the following steps:

(1) stock seedling breeding: selecting excellent populus diversifolia female trees as stock seed sources, soaking seeds of the populus diversifolia female trees for seed sowing, and culturing the sowed seedlings by a moving bed; culturing the transplanting bed in summer of the second year, and selecting the strong seedlings in the seedlings as stock seedlings in spring of the third year;

(2) and (3) scion screening and processing:

selecting excellent branches from the types of natural hybrid ash poplars in a mixed generation and distribution area of the populus euphratica and the ash poplars as good-breed trees, then, reserving piles for cutting the good-breed trees, culturing strong tillering branches, selecting branches with vigorous growth as scions when the branches grow to 30-35cm, and preserving the scions;

(3) grafting: grafting by adopting a grafting method before the middle ten days of 4 months or grafting by adopting a budding method after the middle ten days of 4 months;

(4) management, namely watering in time after grafting, checking for times every 2 days from the 5 th day, timely erasing sprouts on trunk branches of trees, and managing after setting values and managing by a conventional method ;

(5) secondary grafting: after grafting for 1-2 years, carrying out secondary check on the superior tree subjected to grafting culture, and preserving or carrying out propagation on the superior tree branches subjected to secondary check as scions;

(6) and (4) performing excellent scion branch propagation on the excellent branch plant seedlings after secondary grafting and checking according to a breeding target, and cultivating into a new variety.

Preferably, the seed soaking in the step (1) is to soak the seeds in cold water for 25 to 35 minutes and then soak the seeds in the germination accelerating hormone liquid medicine.

Preferably, in the step (1), the GGR powder is sprayed on the leaves of the populus euphratica solid wood seedlings cultured in the transplanting bed in summer in the next year.

Preferably, in the step (1), the excellent populus diversifolia female tree is selected as the stock seed source, and the female tree plant with vigorous growth, strong forest and early maturity is selected from the female tree seed collection forest, wherein the female tree seed collection forest is a sparse forest land with good environmental conditions and mixed male and female plants.

Preferably, in the step (2), the selection is to select natural hybrid ash populus diversifolia which is vigorous in growth, strong in tree vigor, salt and alkali resistant and strong in stress resistance.

Preferably, in the step (3), the stock seedling is treated by: in spring of the third year, selecting strong and disease and insect pest-free populus euphratica seedlings which are cultivated in a moving bed mode and have the diameter at breast height of 1-2cm in a stock cultivation area, cutting the stocks at 38-42cm, and completely removing buds below cuts of the stocks according to the grafting method.

Preferably, in the step (3), the scion or the grafting bud is treated by collecting -year-old hard branches of populus tremuloides which have the annual thickness suitable for the rootstock and vigorous growth or full buds on current-year-old germinated branches as the scion or the grafting bud, wherein the scion cutting length is 5-8cm, strong buds are reserved, the top of the scion is cut straightly, the pruning mode of the lower grafting part is determined according to the grafting method, the full buds on the current-year-old branches need to be collected in bud grafting, and the grafting bud is grafted at any time.

The invention discloses a method for breeding new species of varieties of natural hybrid poplar by different varieties of natural poplar and ash, wherein the drought resistance, cold resistance, wood dry shape and wind and sand resistance of the bred natural hybrid poplar varieties exceed those of parents, and particularly the salt resistance reaches 1-2%.

The breeding period of the invention is 3-4 years, and the normal breeding period is 8-10 years, thus effectively shortening the breeding period of new varieties, reducing the nursery stock planting area required by the breeding of good varieties, reducing the manpower and material resources consumed by the breeding of forest varieties, and reducing the cost and risk of the breeding of new varieties.

Detailed Description

The following examples are given to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, but do not limit the invention. The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

method for breeding new variety by natural hetero-alternation of populus euphratica and populus griseus, comprising the following steps:

1. stock seedling breeding

Selecting excellent populus diversifolia female trees as stock seed sources, and selecting female and male plant plants which grow vigorously, strongly (strongly) and early in maturity from a female and male plant sparse forest land with good soil, moisture and forest growth environmental conditions. Soaking seeds of the selected mother tree plants in cold water for 30 minutes, then soaking the seeds in a germination accelerating hormone liquid medicine, taking out the seeds, airing and sowing the seeds on a seedbed, and covering soil of the seeds with the thickness of 2 cm; the germination accelerating hormone liquid medicine is ABT rooting powder (produced by Beijing Aibidi biotechnology limited), the soaking time is based on the liquid medicine use instruction, and the seeding needs to be cultured by a moving bed.

Spraying GGR powder (produced by Beijing Aibidi biotechnology, Inc.) on the leaf surface of the seedling of Populus diversifolia cultured by a transplanting bed in summer of the next year, and selecting the seedling with strong growth from the seedlings as a stock seedling by taking the application method of the GGR powder as a reference;

2. scion screening and processing

Selecting excellent natural hybrid ash poplars from the types of the natural hybrid ash poplars in a mixed growing and distributing area of the poplars and the ash poplars, selecting the natural hybrid ash poplars with strong growth, strong tree vigor, strong salt and alkali resistance and strong stress resistance as good-breed trees, then reserving piles for harvesting the good-breed trees, culturing strong tillering branches, selecting the branches with strong growth as scions when branches grow to 30-35cm, and storing the scions in a cellar for later use after wax sealing treatment;

3. grafting

In spring of the third year, selecting strong and disease and insect pest-free populus euphratica seedlings which are cultivated in a moving bed mode and have the diameter at breast height of 1-2cm in a stock cultivation area, cutting the stocks at about 40cm, adopting a grafting method as a cutting mode, completely removing buds below cuts of the stocks, and grafting. Grafting can be performed by selecting a grafting method or a budding method.

Collecting full buds on -year-old hard branches or current-year-old germinated branches of populus grayi with proper annual thickness and vigorous growth with stocks, taking the buds as scions or grafted buds, wherein the scions are 5-8cm in length, strong buds are reserved, the tops of the scions are cut flatly, the pruning mode of the lower grafting part is determined according to a grafting method, the full buds on the current-year-old branches need to be collected in bud grafting, and the grafted buds are grafted at any time.

The branch grafting method can be cleft grafting, cutting grafting, tongue grafting, bark grafting and other methods, and includes grafting scions onto selectively marked populus diversifolia stock seedlings before the middle ten (4) of the month, smearing liquid wax on the grafting joints for moisturizing, and binding and fixing with agricultural film.

Bud grafting can be carried out after the middle ten days of 4 months, buds on the scions are grafted to populus diversifolia stock seedlings with selective markers, liquid wax is smeared for moisturizing after grafting, then agricultural films are used for binding and fixing, and the grafted buds need to be exposed during binding.

4. Managing

Watering in time after grafting, checking for times every 2 days from the 5 th day, timely erasing the sprouts on the trunk branches of the trees, and managing after setting the value and conventional management of other seedlings.

And after grafting for 1-2 years, carrying out secondary check on the superior tree cultured by grafting, and storing the superior tree branch subjected to secondary check as a scion for later use or carrying out propagation expansion after wax sealing treatment.

And (4) performing excellent scion branch propagation on the excellent plant branch seedlings after secondary grafting and checking according to a breeding target, and cultivating into a new variety.

Example 1

The invention discloses a method for breeding new species of varieties by natural heteroalternation of populus euphratica and populus tremuloides, which comprises the following steps:

1. variety breeding

1.1 site of seed selection

The selection is carried out in the types of the natural hybrid ash populus euphratica in various counties and cities (Yuli county, Kuerle city, Tanshi county, Kuche county, Shaya county, Bachu county, Alarl city and the like) in the mixed living and distributed districts of the natural populus euphratica.

1.2 Breeding Process and method

The method comprises the following steps of carrying out germplasm resource survey on natural hybrid ash populus in each county and city area where the natural hybrid ash populus is distributed, selecting an excellent strain, collecting branch scions of the excellent strain after the excellent strain is selected, storing the scions in a refrigerator at 0-4 ℃ for later use, and carrying out grafting and breeding in a nursery garden of a seedling raising base of the ash populus in the Korla city.

1.2.1 Breeding Process

And (3) performing germplasm resource investigation on the areas where the natural hybrid populus diversifolia is distributed in each county and city of the natural populus diversifolia and populus margaritifolia mixed growth distribution region, wherein the area of each investigation point is not less than 50 mu. Selecting, observing, photographing and recording the excellent varieties in the selected investigation points, investigating the distribution area and distribution condition of the varieties, and selecting natural hybrid varieties of populus euphratica with the following conditions: (1) has strong natural hybrid vigor of populus euphratica and populus griseus; (2) the trunk has small sharp cutting degree, straight and full dry shape and high growth speed; (3) the crown width is medium and tight; (4) has super drought and sand resistance, disease and insect resistance and saline-alkali resistance, and is determined to be a natural hybrid variety of populus euphratica according to the conditions. After the variety is selected, the branch scions are collected and put into a germplasm resource garden for grafting culture, and meanwhile, a comparison test is carried out with the populus euphratica and populus tremuloides which are cultivated at present.

1.2.2 Breeding method

(1) Stock seedling breeding: selecting excellent populus diversifolia female trees as stock seed sources, and selecting female and male plant mixed with the mother trees to grow vigorously, strong and early-maturing mother tree plants in a sparse forest with good environmental conditions. Soaking populus diversifolia seeds in cold water for 30 minutes, then soaking the populus diversifolia seeds in a germination accelerating hormone liquid medicine, taking out the populus diversifolia seeds, airing the populus diversifolia seeds, sowing the populus diversifolia seeds on a seedbed, and covering soil on the seeds with the thickness of 2 cm; the germination accelerating hormone liquid medicine is ABT rooting powder, the soaking time is based on the liquid medicine use instruction, and the seeding seedlings need to be cultured by a moving bed. And spraying GGR powder to the leaf surfaces of the populus euphratica seedlings cultured in the moving bed in summer in the next year, wherein the application method of the GGR powder is used as the standard. In the culture area of the rootstock in spring of the third year, selecting populus diversifolia seedlings which grow robustly and have no plant diseases and insect pests and have the diameter at breast height of 1-2cm and are cultured by a moving bed to be marked, shearing the rootstock at a position of 40cm, and wiping off all buds below a cut of the rootstock by taking the grafting method as a standard.

(2) Selecting and processing the scions, namely taking the good varieties selected in the step 1.2.1 as good varieties, cutting the good varieties with piles, culturing strong tillering branches, selecting branches with vigorous growth as scions when the branches grow to 30-35cm, storing the scions in a cellar for later use after wax sealing treatment, collecting hard branches grown in years or full buds on branches grown in the current year as the scions or grafting buds of populus euphratica and populus griseus with proper annual coarseness and vigorous growth as well as the stock, keeping strong buds, performing flat shearing on the tops of the scions, determining the pruning mode at the lower grafting part according to the grafting method, collecting the full buds on the branches grown in the current year by bud grafting, and randomly grafting the grafting buds with harvesting.

(3) Grafting: the branch grafting method can be cleft grafting, cutting grafting, tongue grafting, bark grafting and other methods, and includes grafting scions onto selectively marked populus diversifolia stock seedlings before the middle ten (4) of the month, smearing liquid wax on the grafting joints for moisturizing, and binding and fixing with agricultural film. Bud grafting can be carried out after 4 months, buds on the scions are grafted on populus diversifolia stock seedlings with selective markers, liquid wax is smeared for moisturizing after grafting, and then agricultural films are used for binding and fixing, and grafted buds need to be exposed during binding.

(4) Managing

Watering in time after grafting, checking for times every 2 days from the 5 th day, timely erasing the sprouts on the trunk branches of the trees, and managing after planting and conventional management of other seedlings.

After grafting for 1-2 years, the grafted nursery stock grows to be more than 3m in height, the breast diameter reaches to be more than 3cm, the stress resistance and the growth characteristic of the nursery stock are tested and analyzed, the growth and the character are compared and analyzed, the new variety of the grafting cultured populus diversifolia is checked for the second time according to the analysis and test results, the check condition of the new variety of the populus diversifolia is based on 1.2.1, and the excellent branches checked for the second time are used as scions and subjected to wax sealing treatment and then are stored in a cellar for later use or propagation. According to the requirements of breeding targets, the bred natural hybrid ash populus diversifolia has strong stress resistance and excellent characteristics in the aspects of growth, material quality, dry shape, stress resistance such as drought resistance, cold resistance and salt resistance, wind and sand resistance, disease and insect resistance and the like, and the excellent variety branch seedlings after secondary grafting and check are required to be superior to the parents per se, and branch scion propagation is carried out on the excellent variety branch seedlings to breed a new variety.

2. The test reports:

establishing a comparison observation test point of varieties and strains in a populus diversifolia seedling raising base in Korla, carrying out field regular observation, recording and determination on the test materials by carrying out items such as phenology, botanical characteristics, growth habits, economic properties of forest trees, wood materials, stress resistance and the like, and carrying out analysis and evaluation.

2.1 results of seed selection

The tree trunk of the variety has small coning degree, is round and straight, has strong heterosis, fast growth, straight and full stem shape, medium and compact crown width, strong disease and insect resistance, super-strong drought and sand resistance and saline-alkali resistance, can resist the attack of strong storm of more than 8 grades due to strong lateral root distribution, can still normally grow when the average salt content of soil reaches 1-2 percent and the pH value is 8-9.5, has cold resistance exceeding populus euphratica and populus griseus, is easy to survive by asexual propagation, and particularly has the survival rate of more than 85 percent of green branch cuttage. Has stronger adaptability, good wood quality and high annual growth2.5-3m, 3-4cm diameter at breast height, 350 plants per mu, 1.5-2.5m annual timber³。

2.2 suitable Pushing planting area

The populus diversifolia and ash poplar are native tree species in Xinjiang, and a new natural hybrid populus diversifolia variety is formed by selecting and optimizing natural hybrid of the two tree species, the stress resistance of the new natural hybrid populus diversifolia and ash poplar is superior to that of the populus diversifolia and ash poplar, and the suitable push planting areas are areas in south and east of Tianshan of Xinjiang (Tu Tuo basin), and areas in south and north of Tianshan mountain of quasi-Saonager basin, Ili basin and Tacheng basin.

The variety has low requirement on the cultivation soil, can be planted in saline-alkali soil distribution areas with the saline-alkali content (total soil salt) of 0.8-1.5% and the pH value lower than 8.7 of aeolian sandy soil, sandy loam and soil, but the soil salinity (total soil salt) of the seedling stage and the seedling raising field needs to be lower than 0.6% and the pH value is lower than 7.8.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1, method for breeding new species of natural hetero-alternating heterogenous Buxus exigua through Buxus exigua and Buxus exigua, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

(1) stock seedling breeding: selecting excellent populus diversifolia female trees as stock provenances, soaking seeds of the populus diversifolia female trees in cold water for 25-35 minutes, then soaking the seeds in a germination accelerating hormone liquid medicine, and then sowing, wherein the sowed seedlings need to be cultured by a transplanting bed; culturing a transplanting bed in summer in the second year, spraying GGR powder on the leaf surface of a solid poplar seedling cultured by the transplanting bed, selecting a seedling with strong growth from the nursery stock as a stock seedling in the spring of the third year, selecting a good poplar mother tree as a stock seed source, selecting a mother tree plant with vigorous growth, strong forest and early maturity from a mother tree seed-collecting forest, wherein the mother tree seed-collecting forest is a thinning land with good environmental conditions and mixed male and female plants;

(2) and (3) scion screening and processing: selecting excellent natural hybrid ash poplar varieties from the mixed growing and distributing areas of the populus euphratica and the ash poplar as good-quality trees, then, reserving piles for cutting the good-quality trees, culturing strong tillering branches, selecting the branches with vigorous growth as scions when the branches grow to 30-35cm, and preserving the scions, wherein the selection is to select the natural hybrid ash poplar varieties with vigorous growth, strong tree vigor and strong saline-alkali resistance and strong stress resistance;

(3) grafting by adopting a branch grafting method before the middle ten of 4 months or grafting by adopting a bud grafting method after the middle ten of 4 months, wherein during grafting, a stock seedling is treated by selecting a populus euphratica seedling which is strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and is cultivated by a transplanting bed with the diameter of 1-2cm in breast diameter in the culture area of the stock in the spring of the third year, the stock is cut at the position of 38-42cm, the cutting position trimming mode is based on the grafting method, and all buds below the cutting position of the stock are removed, wherein the scion or the grafting bud is treated by collecting year-old hard branches or full buds of the populus euphratica variety which is suitable for the stock in growth and is vigorous in the current year as the scion or the grafting bud, the cutting length of the scion is 5-8cm, strong buds are reserved, the top of the scion is cut flatly, the trimming mode at the lower grafting position is determined according to the grafting method;

(4) management, namely watering in time after grafting, checking for times every 2 days from the 5 th day, timely erasing sprouts on trunk branches of trees, and managing after setting values and managing by a conventional method ;

(5) secondary grafting: after grafting for 1-2 years, carrying out secondary check on the superior tree subjected to grafting culture, and preserving or carrying out propagation on the superior tree branches subjected to secondary check as scions;

(6) and (4) performing excellent scion branch propagation on the excellent branch plant seedlings after secondary grafting and checking according to a breeding target, and cultivating into a new variety.