CN106107206B - Preparation method of fermented chicken feed - Google Patents
Preparation method of fermented chicken feed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a fermented chicken feed, which comprises the following steps: 1) uniformly mixing strains, wherein the strains comprise aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum and trichoderma; 2) uniformly mixing the mixed strains with main materials, adding nutrient salt and stirring to obtain a mixed feed, wherein the main materials comprise soybean meal and bran, and the nutrient salt comprises urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, salt and water; 3) putting the mixed feed into a fermentation chamber for fermentation, and adding the fermented mixed feed into coarse grains in proportion to prepare fermented feed; 4) and breaking the wall of the rhodotorula benthica to obtain a rhodotorula benthica culture solution, adding the rhodotorula benthica culture solution into the fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the final chicken feed. The prepared chicken feed contains coarse food grain protein, mycoprotein, protein in rhodotorula benthica, carotenoid and the like, and the promotion and the cooperation among nutrient elements jointly provide a powerful guarantee for the growth of the firewood chicken and enrich the nutrient varieties obtained by the firewood chicken.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, and particularly relates to a preparation method of fermented chicken feed.
Background
The modern large-scale animal husbandry feeding mode improves the production speed and brings many problems, the quality of animal products is reduced, various diseases are easy to occur to livestock and poultry, and the harm to the health of human beings caused by adding a large amount of antibiotic medicines and additives in the feed affects the healthy development of animal husbandry in China. The high-quality feed is a guarantee for producing high-quality animal products, and at present, the quality and quality of the animal products are urgently needed to be improved in China, and the feed is beneficial to the healthy growth of animals and beneficial and harmless to the health of consumers.
Particularly for the poultry industry, the development is more rapid, various poultry feeds are rapidly developed, and various feeds in the market at the present stage are various in variety and have different functions. But for poultry feed, two points are most important, the first point is to ensure enough protein content, provide sufficient conditions for the growth of poultry, reduce the culture period and improve the income; the second point is that the resistance of the poultry is improved, the harm of diseases and pests is prevented, and the survival rate of the poultry is improved. The two points are more important for more expensive poultry, the capital can be quickly returned in a shorter cultivation period, the expansion of production and the resistance to emergencies are facilitated, the loss is less when the expensive poultry is cultivated due to the higher survival rate, and the income is indirectly improved.
The local chickens have the characteristics of rough feeding resistance, adaptability, foraging property, stable genetic performance, strong nesting property, strong disease resistance and the like, and exist in the poultry breeding industry at present, but the local chickens are of the types with higher value content compared with common poultry, and two problems that the supply of a large amount of protein is ensured and the health condition of the local chickens is ensured are faced by the breeding requirement at present are solved.
The invention with the application number of 201510299407.3 discloses a fermented chicken feed, which is characterized by comprising the steps of adding corn flour and soybean meal into a formula, wherein the corn flour and the soybean meal are 45-50 wt% and 10-15 wt% respectively, adding distilled water into the feed to form a solution, adding lactobacillus acidophilus amplification solution and bacillus subtilis amplification solution into the solution of the feed, performing amplification culture on candida utilis by adopting a semisolid culture medium to form an amplification culture medium, mixing the feed solution with the lactobacillus acidophilus amplification solution, the bacillus subtilis amplification culture solution and the candida utilis amplification culture medium, sealing and fermenting for 80 hours, and adding grass meal after fermentation. The grass meal component contained in the invention can replace antibiotics to maintain the health of chickens, but the supply of protein is not solved.
The method for producing the high-efficiency broiler feed by fermenting the corn straws disclosed by the invention with the application number of 201310651866.4 only needs to adopt the corn straws and carry out crushing, ammonia water treatment, steam, fermentation and other treatments, so that the utilization rate of the corn straws is improved, the cost is reduced, the broiler feeding rate is increased, and the slaughtering quality is improved. The method utilizes fermented corn straw to replace soybean meal, reduces cost, but has limited promotion of protein in feed, and the supply of protein is not as much as pure soybean meal to a certain extent, and the effect is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for preparing a fermented chicken feed, which contains coarse grain protein, mycoprotein, protein in rhodotorula benthica, carotenoid and the like, combines coarse grain, geotrichum candidum and rhodotorula benthica together, and promotes and coordinates nutritional elements to provide a powerful guarantee for the growth of the firewood chicken and enrich the nutritional types of the firewood chicken.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a fermented chicken feed comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing strains, wherein the strains comprise aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum and trichoderma;
2) uniformly mixing the mixed strains with main materials, adding nutrient salt and stirring to obtain a mixed feed, wherein the main materials comprise soybean meal and bran, and the nutrient salt comprises urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, salt and water;
3) covering the mixed feed with a plastic film, putting the plastic film into a fermentation chamber for fermentation, and adding the fermented mixed feed into coarse grains according to a proportion to prepare fermented feed;
4) and breaking the wall of the rhodotorula benthica to obtain a rhodotorula benthica culture solution, adding the rhodotorula benthica culture solution into the fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the final chicken feed.
Further, the strain in the step 1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-8 parts of Aspergillus niger, 4-24 parts of Geotrichum candidum and 0.5-2 parts of Trichoderma.
Further, in the step 2), the main material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean meal and 50 parts of bran; the nutrient salt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of urea, 2-6 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1-3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-15 parts of bentonite, 0.2-1 part of salt and 150-220 parts of water.
Further, in the step 2), the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-300 parts of main materials, 10-35 parts of strains and 110-335 parts of nutritive salt.
Further, in the step 3), the fermentation process of the mixed feed is divided into two sections, wherein the temperature of the first section of the fermentation chamber is 30-38 ℃, the fermentation time is 6-10 hours, the temperature of the second section of the fermentation chamber is 22-30 ℃, and the fermentation time is 18-42 hours.
Further, in the step 3), the fermented feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of fermented mixed feed and 4 parts of coarse food grains, wherein the coarse food grains comprise one or more of soybean meal and bran.
Further, the preparation method of the culture solution of the rhodotorula benthamii in the step 4) comprises the following steps:
a. strain activation: inoculating rhodotorula benthica strains preserved in a refrigerator on a slant culture medium, and activating for 40-56 hours at the temperature of 26-34 ℃;
b. seed culture: inoculating the strains which are fully activated in the slant culture medium into a liquid seed culture medium, and performing centrifugal culture at 24-32 ℃ and 200-400 r/min for 20-28 h;
c. fermentation culture: inoculating the cultured strain into a fermentation culture medium by 10 percent of inoculation amount, and performing centrifugal culture at 26-34 ℃ for 60-84 h at 200-400 r/min;
d. adding β -mannase into a fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture, then rotationally oscillating for 3-7 h at 30-65 ℃ and a rotation speed of 200-400 r/min to prepare a sea carmine yeast culture solution, wherein the weight of β -mannase added into each 100mL of the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture is not more than 0.2 g.
Furthermore, each liter of the slant culture medium contains 15-35 g of glucose, 5-11 g of protein, 3-7 g of yeast powder and 10-30 g of agar.
Furthermore, each liter of the liquid seed culture medium contains 15-35 g of glucose, 5-11 g of protein, 3-7 g of yeast powder, 4-8 g of monopotassium phosphate, 5-15 g of sodium chloride, 2-4 g of magnesium sulfate and 4-7 of pH value, and the components of the fermentation culture medium are the same as those of the liquid seed culture medium.
Further, 1mL of rhodotorula benthica culture solution is added into each gram of fermented feed.
The invention provides a preparation method of a fermented chicken feed, which is characterized in that geotrichum candidum is added into a main material, so that a large amount of protein in the main material can be converted into hypha protein, mycoprotein which is beneficial to absorption of firewood chicken is produced, the utilization rate of the protein in the feed is improved, aspergillus niger and trichoderma are preferentially cultured, a large amount of nutrient substances such as organic acid can be generated, the geotrichum candidum is stimulated to produce more mycoprotein, and the protein conversion of the fermented feed is strongly promoted. The nutritive salt provides a better environment for the culture of geotrichum candidum, aspergillus niger and trichoderma, promotes the culture of strains of the geotrichum candidum, and enriches the nutritional ingredients of the chicken feed by the multiple vitamins and mineral substances which are in line with the nutrient salt, thereby being beneficial to the healthy growth of the chai chicken.
The fermented mixed feed is mixed with coarse grains, so that the conversion rate of the coarse protein of the mixed feed to the mycoprotein can be ensured, namely, the effects of geotrichum candidum, aspergillus niger and trichoderma are brought into full play, and then the unfermented coarse grains are added, so that the mycoprotein content in the feed can be ensured, the vegetable protein content can also be ensured on the premise of controlling the cost, and the nutrition obtained by the chai-chui chicken is more balanced. The selection of the coarse food grains is multiple, the recommended use is bean pulp and bran, the judgment is carried out according to the absorption of feed protein in the specific use, and the coarse food grains can be alternately used, so that the nutrition of the feed is enriched.
Rhodotorula benthica is a yeast found in the natural sea. The cells are rich in various nutrients such as protein, glycogen, unsaturated fatty acids, growth hormone of animal larva, carotenoid mainly containing astaxanthin, etc. The yeast has a good effect on the growth of animal larvae, enhances the resistance, accelerates the growth speed and the like, but is not widely applied to chicken feed, the protein content in the feed is increased again by adding the rhodotorula benthica, the feed contains carotenoid, the growth of the firewood chicken is very favorable, the sensory color and the nutritive value of the firewood chicken are also increased, the nutritive value and the taste of the firewood chicken eggs are higher, the firewood chicken have bright feathers and delicious meat, and the competitiveness of the product is improved. According to the invention, the wall breaking treatment is carried out on the marine rhodotorula before the marine rhodotorula is added, so that the permeability of cell walls is increased, the nutrient substances such as astaxanthin and the like in cells can be favorably permeated to the outside of the cells and can be absorbed by the chai chicken, the probability of the nutrient substances being absorbed is greatly increased, and the utilization rate of the marine rhodotorula is improved.
The wall-breaking method of the oceanic rhodotorula adopts an enzymatic wall-breaking method, firstly, the oceanic rhodotorula is activated, cultured and fermented, and the yeast with higher quality is selected for culture and fermentation, so that the obtained oceanic rhodotorula has higher quality, and then β -mannase is added to change the permeability of the yeast cell wall and realize the wall-breaking of the oceanic rhodotorula, so that the wall-breaking method improves the damage of a chemical wall-breaking method to astaxanthin, also improves the defect of poor taste of the feed caused by other enzymolysis methods, greatly improves the wall-breaking rate of the oceanic rhodotorula, and β -mannase can also promote the digestion and absorption of energy, protein and cellulose, and enhances the absorption effect of the feed nutrition by the cha.
The final chicken feed is a mixture of fermented feed and a marine rhodotorula culture solution, contains coarse grain protein, mycoprotein, protein and carotenoid in the marine rhodotorula, combines coarse grain, geotrichum candidum and marine rhodotorula together, and promotes and coordinates nutrient elements to jointly provide a powerful guarantee for the growth of the firewood chicken, enrich the nutrient varieties obtained by the firewood chicken, improve the absorption rate of the firewood chicken on various components in the chicken feed, particularly the protein, greatly accelerate the growth speed of the firewood chicken, and improve the mouthfeel, color and nutritional value of main and auxiliary products.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the culture of the aspergillus niger and the trichoderma provides a favorable growth environment for the geotrichum candidum, so that the geotrichum candidum can convert plant proteins more thoroughly, produce more mycoprotein and have better effect than the single use of the geotrichum candidum;
2. the nutritive salt provides a better environment for the culture of geotrichum candidum, aspergillus niger and trichoderma, promotes the culture of strains of the geotrichum candidum, and the multiple vitamins and mineral substances which are consistent enrich the nutritional ingredients of the chicken feed, thereby being beneficial to the healthy growth of the firewood chicken;
3. the fermented mixed feed is mixed with coarse grains, so that on the premise of controlling the cost, the content of mycoprotein in the feed and the content of vegetable protein can be ensured, and the nutrition obtained by the firewood chicken is more balanced;
4. by adding the rhodotorula benthica, the protein content in the feed is increased again, and the feed contains carotenoid, so that the growth of the firewood chicken is greatly facilitated, the sensory color and nutritional value of the firewood chicken are increased, the nutritive value and the taste of eggs of the firewood chicken are higher, the firewood chicken has bright feathers and delicious meat, and the competitiveness of the product is improved;
5. the β -mannase is adopted for enzymolysis to break the wall of the rhodotorula benthica, so that the damage of a chemical wall-breaking method to various nutrient substances such as astaxanthin and the like can be well avoided, the defect of poor taste of the feed caused by other enzymolysis methods is also overcome, and the β -mannase can promote digestion and absorption of energy, protein and cellulose, and enhance the absorption effect of the chai chicken on the nutrition of the feed.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further used to clearly illustrate the content of the present invention, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and the following detailed description is provided:
example one
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fermented chicken feed, which comprises the following steps:
1) after uniformly mixing strains, wherein the strains comprise aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum and trichoderma, and the strains comprise the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of aspergillus niger, 16 parts of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of trichoderma;
2) uniformly mixing the mixed strains with main materials, adding nutrient salt and stirring to obtain a mixed feed, wherein the main materials comprise soybean meal and bran, the nutrient salt comprises urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, salt and water, and the main materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean meal and 50 parts of bran; the nutrient salt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of urea, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of bentonite, 0.6 part of salt and 180 parts of water, wherein the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of main materials, 22 parts of strains and 222 parts of nutritive salt;
3) covering a plastic film on the mixed feed, putting the mixed feed into a fermentation chamber for fermentation, adding the fermented mixed feed into coarse grains according to a proportion to prepare the fermented feed, wherein the fermentation process of the mixed feed is divided into two sections, the temperature of the first section of the fermentation chamber is 34 ℃, the fermentation time is 8 hours, the temperature of the second section of the fermentation chamber is 25 ℃, the fermentation time is 30 hours, and the fermented feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of fermented mixed feed and 4 parts of coarse food grains, wherein the coarse food grains comprise soybean meal, and the accuracy of the test is ensured by adopting the soybean meal in the subsequent embodiments;
4) and breaking the wall of the rhodotorula benthica to obtain a rhodotorula benthica culture solution, adding the rhodotorula benthica culture solution into the fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the final chicken feed.
The preparation method of the culture solution of the rhodotorula benthamii in the step 4) comprises the following steps:
a. strain activation: inoculating rhodotorula benthica strain stored in a refrigerator on a slant culture medium, and activating at 30 ℃ for 48 hours;
b. seed culture: inoculating the strains which are fully activated in the slant culture medium into a liquid seed culture medium, and performing centrifugal culture at 28 ℃ and 300r/min for 24 hours;
c. fermentation culture: inoculating the cultured strain into a fermentation culture medium with an inoculum size of 10%, and performing centrifugal culture at 30 ℃ and 300r/min for 72 h;
d. β -mannase is added into the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture, and then the marine rhodotorula culture solution is prepared by rotary oscillation for 5h at the temperature of 50 ℃ and the rotating speed of 300r/min, and the weight position of β -mannase is 0.05g per 100mL of the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture.
The slant culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of protein, 5g of yeast powder and 20g of agar per liter.
The liquid seed culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of dried egg white, 5g of yeast powder, 5.6g of monopotassium phosphate, 10g of sodium chloride, 3g of magnesium sulfate and 5 of PH value per liter, and the components of the fermentation culture medium are the same as those of the liquid seed culture medium.
1mL of rhodotorula benthica culture solution is added into each gram of fermented feed.
Example two
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fermented chicken feed, which comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing strains, wherein the strains comprise geotrichum candidum;
2) uniformly mixing the mixed strains with main materials, adding nutrient salt and stirring to obtain a mixed feed, wherein the main materials comprise soybean meal and bran, the nutrient salt comprises urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, salt and water, and the main materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean meal and 50 parts of bran; the nutrient salt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of urea, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of bentonite, 0.6 part of salt and 180 parts of water, wherein the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of main materials, 22 parts of strains and 222 parts of nutritive salt;
3) covering a plastic film on the mixed feed, putting the mixed feed into a fermentation chamber for fermentation, adding the fermented mixed feed into coarse grains according to a proportion to prepare the fermented feed, wherein the fermentation process of the mixed feed is divided into two sections, the temperature of the first section of the fermentation chamber is 34 ℃, the fermentation time is 8 hours, the temperature of the second section of the fermentation chamber is 25 ℃, the fermentation time is 30 hours, and the fermented feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of fermented mixed feed and 4 parts of coarse food grains, wherein the coarse food grains comprise soybean meal;
4) and breaking the wall of the rhodotorula benthica to obtain a rhodotorula benthica culture solution, adding the rhodotorula benthica culture solution into the fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the final chicken feed.
The preparation method of the culture solution of the rhodotorula benthamii in the step 4) comprises the following steps:
a. strain activation: inoculating rhodotorula benthica strain stored in a refrigerator on a slant culture medium, and activating at 30 ℃ for 48 hours;
b. seed culture: inoculating the strains which are fully activated in the slant culture medium into a liquid seed culture medium, and performing centrifugal culture at 28 ℃ and 300r/min for 24 hours;
c. fermentation culture: inoculating the cultured strain into a fermentation culture medium with an inoculum size of 10%, and performing centrifugal culture at 30 ℃ and 300r/min for 72 h;
d. β -mannase is added into the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture, and then the rhodotorula benthica culture solution is prepared by rotary oscillation for 5h at the rotation speed of 300r/min at 50 ℃ for 5h, and the weight position of β -mannase is 0.05g per 100mL of the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture.
The slant culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of protein, 5g of yeast powder and 20g of agar per liter.
The liquid seed culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of dried egg white, 5g of yeast powder, 5.6g of monopotassium phosphate, 10g of sodium chloride, 3g of magnesium sulfate and 5 of PH value per liter, and the components of the fermentation culture medium are the same as those of the liquid seed culture medium.
1mL of rhodotorula benthica culture solution is added into each gram of fermented feed.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fermented chicken feed, which comprises the following steps:
1) after uniformly mixing strains, wherein the strains comprise aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum and trichoderma, and the strains comprise the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of aspergillus niger, 16 parts of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of trichoderma;
2) uniformly mixing the mixed strains with main materials, adding nutrient salt and stirring to obtain a mixed feed, wherein the main materials comprise soybean meal and bran, the nutrient salt comprises urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, salt and water, and the main materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean meal and 50 parts of bran; the nutrient salt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of urea, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of bentonite, 0.6 part of salt and 180 parts of water, wherein the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 150 parts of main materials, 22 parts of strains and 160 parts of nutritive salt;
3) covering a plastic film on the mixed feed, putting the mixed feed into a fermentation chamber for fermentation, adding the fermented mixed feed into coarse grains according to a proportion to prepare the fermented feed, wherein the fermentation process of the mixed feed is divided into two sections, the temperature of the first section of the fermentation chamber is 34 ℃, the fermentation time is 8 hours, the temperature of the second section of the fermentation chamber is 25 ℃, the fermentation time is 30 hours, and the fermented feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of fermented mixed feed and 4 parts of coarse food grains, wherein the coarse food grains comprise soybean meal;
4) and breaking the wall of the rhodotorula benthica to obtain a rhodotorula benthica culture solution, adding the rhodotorula benthica culture solution into the fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the final chicken feed.
The preparation method of the culture solution of the rhodotorula benthamii in the step 4) comprises the following steps:
a. strain activation: inoculating rhodotorula benthica strain stored in a refrigerator on a slant culture medium, and activating at 30 ℃ for 48 hours;
b. seed culture: inoculating the strains which are fully activated in the slant culture medium into a liquid seed culture medium, and performing centrifugal culture at 28 ℃ and 300r/min for 24 hours;
c. fermentation culture: inoculating the cultured strain into a fermentation culture medium with an inoculum size of 10%, and performing centrifugal culture at 30 ℃ and 300r/min for 72 h;
d. β -mannase is added into the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture, and then the rhodotorula benthica culture solution is prepared by rotary oscillation for 5h at the rotation speed of 300r/min at 50 ℃ for 5h, and the weight position of β -mannase is 0.05g per 100mL of the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture.
The slant culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of protein, 5g of yeast powder and 20g of agar per liter.
The liquid seed culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of dried egg white, 5g of yeast powder, 5.6g of monopotassium phosphate, 10g of sodium chloride, 3g of magnesium sulfate and 5 of PH value per liter, and the components of the fermentation culture medium are the same as those of the liquid seed culture medium.
1mL of rhodotorula benthica culture solution is added into each gram of fermented feed.
Example four
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fermented chicken feed, which comprises the following steps:
1) after uniformly mixing strains, wherein the strains comprise aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum and trichoderma, and the strains comprise the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of aspergillus niger, 16 parts of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of trichoderma;
2) uniformly mixing the mixed strains with main materials, adding nutrient salt and stirring to obtain a mixed feed, wherein the main materials comprise soybean meal and bran, the nutrient salt comprises urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, salt and water, and the main materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean meal and 50 parts of bran; the nutrient salt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of urea, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of bentonite, 0.6 part of salt and 180 parts of water, wherein the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 260 parts of main materials, 22 parts of strains and 280 parts of nutritive salt;
3) covering a plastic film on the mixed feed, putting the mixed feed into a fermentation chamber for fermentation, adding the fermented mixed feed into coarse grains according to a proportion to prepare the fermented feed, wherein the fermentation process of the mixed feed is divided into two sections, the temperature of the first section of the fermentation chamber is 34 ℃, the fermentation time is 8 hours, the temperature of the second section of the fermentation chamber is 25 ℃, the fermentation time is 30 hours, and the fermented feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of fermented mixed feed and 4 parts of coarse food grains, wherein the coarse food grains comprise soybean meal;
4) and breaking the wall of the rhodotorula benthica to obtain a rhodotorula benthica culture solution, adding the rhodotorula benthica culture solution into the fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the final chicken feed.
The preparation method of the culture solution of the rhodotorula benthamii in the step 4) comprises the following steps:
a. strain activation: inoculating rhodotorula benthica strain stored in a refrigerator on a slant culture medium, and activating at 30 ℃ for 48 hours;
b. seed culture: inoculating the strains which are fully activated in the slant culture medium into a liquid seed culture medium, and performing centrifugal culture at 28 ℃ and 300r/min for 24 hours;
c. fermentation culture: inoculating the cultured strain into a fermentation culture medium with an inoculum size of 10%, and performing centrifugal culture at 30 ℃ and 300r/min for 72 h;
d. β -mannase is added into the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture, and then the rhodotorula benthica culture solution is prepared by rotary oscillation for 5h at the rotation speed of 300r/min at 50 ℃ for 5h, and the weight position of β -mannase is 0.05g per 100mL of the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture.
The slant culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of protein, 5g of yeast powder and 20g of agar per liter.
The liquid seed culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of dried egg white, 5g of yeast powder, 5.6g of monopotassium phosphate, 10g of sodium chloride, 3g of magnesium sulfate and 5 of PH value per liter, and the components of the fermentation culture medium are the same as those of the liquid seed culture medium.
1mL of rhodotorula benthica culture solution is added into each gram of fermented feed.
EXAMPLE five
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fermented chicken feed, which comprises the following steps:
1) after uniformly mixing strains, wherein the strains comprise aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum and trichoderma, and the strains comprise the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of aspergillus niger, 16 parts of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of trichoderma;
2) uniformly mixing the mixed strains with main materials, adding nutrient salt and stirring to obtain a mixed feed, wherein the main materials comprise soybean meal and bran, the nutrient salt comprises urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, salt and water, and the main materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean meal and 50 parts of bran; the nutrient salt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of urea, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of bentonite, 0.6 part of salt and 180 parts of water, wherein the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of main materials, 22 parts of strains and 222 parts of nutritive salt;
3) covering a plastic film on the mixed feed, putting the mixed feed into a fermentation chamber, fermenting for 38 hours at 25 ℃, adding the fermented mixed feed into coarse grains according to a proportion to prepare fermented feed, wherein the fermented feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of fermented mixed feed and 4 parts of coarse food grains, wherein the coarse food grains comprise soybean meal;
4) and breaking the wall of the rhodotorula benthica to obtain a rhodotorula benthica culture solution, adding the rhodotorula benthica culture solution into the fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the final chicken feed.
The preparation method of the culture solution of the rhodotorula benthamii in the step 4) comprises the following steps:
a. strain activation: inoculating rhodotorula benthica strain stored in a refrigerator on a slant culture medium, and activating at 30 ℃ for 48 hours;
b. seed culture: inoculating the strains which are fully activated in the slant culture medium into a liquid seed culture medium, and performing centrifugal culture at 28 ℃ and 300r/min for 24 hours;
c. fermentation culture: inoculating the cultured strain into a fermentation culture medium with an inoculum size of 10%, and performing centrifugal culture at 30 ℃ and 300r/min for 72 h;
d. β -mannase is added into the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture, and then the rhodotorula benthica culture solution is prepared by rotary oscillation for 5h at the rotation speed of 300r/min at 50 ℃ for 5h, and the weight position of β -mannase is 0.05g per 100mL of the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture.
The slant culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of protein, 5g of yeast powder and 20g of agar per liter.
The liquid seed culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of dried egg white, 5g of yeast powder, 5.6g of monopotassium phosphate, 10g of sodium chloride, 3g of magnesium sulfate and 5 of PH value per liter, and the components of the fermentation culture medium are the same as those of the liquid seed culture medium.
1mL of rhodotorula benthica culture solution is added into each gram of fermented feed.
EXAMPLE six
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fermented chicken feed, which comprises the following steps:
1) after uniformly mixing strains, wherein the strains comprise aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum and trichoderma, and the strains comprise the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of aspergillus niger, 16 parts of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of trichoderma;
2) uniformly mixing the mixed strains with main materials, adding nutrient salt and stirring to obtain a mixed feed, wherein the main materials comprise soybean meal and bran, the nutrient salt comprises urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, salt and water, and the main materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean meal and 50 parts of bran; the nutrient salt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of urea, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of bentonite, 0.6 part of salt and 180 parts of water, wherein the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of main materials, 22 parts of strains and 222 parts of nutritive salt;
3) covering a plastic film on the mixed feed, putting the mixed feed into a fermentation chamber for fermentation, adding the fermented mixed feed into coarse grains according to a proportion to prepare the fermented feed, wherein the fermentation process of the mixed feed is divided into two sections, the temperature of the first section of the fermentation chamber is 31 ℃, the fermentation time is 8 hours, the temperature of the second section of the fermentation chamber is 25 ℃, the fermentation time is 30 hours, and the fermented feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of fermented mixed feed and 4 parts of coarse food grains, wherein the coarse food grains comprise soybean meal;
4) and breaking the wall of the rhodotorula benthica to obtain a rhodotorula benthica culture solution, adding the rhodotorula benthica culture solution into the fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the final chicken feed.
The preparation method of the culture solution of the rhodotorula benthamii in the step 4) comprises the following steps:
a. strain activation: inoculating rhodotorula benthica strain stored in a refrigerator on a slant culture medium, and activating at 30 ℃ for 48 hours;
b. seed culture: inoculating the strains which are fully activated in the slant culture medium into a liquid seed culture medium, and performing centrifugal culture at 28 ℃ and 300r/min for 24 hours;
c. fermentation culture: inoculating the cultured strain into a fermentation culture medium with an inoculum size of 10%, and performing centrifugal culture at 30 ℃ and 300r/min for 72 h;
d. β -mannase is added into the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture, and then the rhodotorula benthica culture solution is prepared by rotary oscillation for 5h at the rotation speed of 300r/min at 50 ℃ for 5h, and the weight position of β -mannase is 0.05g per 100mL of the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture.
The slant culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of protein, 5g of yeast powder and 20g of agar per liter.
The liquid seed culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of dried egg white, 5g of yeast powder, 5.6g of monopotassium phosphate, 10g of sodium chloride, 3g of magnesium sulfate and 5 of PH value per liter, and the components of the fermentation culture medium are the same as those of the liquid seed culture medium.
1mL of rhodotorula benthica culture solution is added into each gram of fermented feed.
EXAMPLE seven
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fermented chicken feed, which comprises the following steps:
1) after uniformly mixing strains, wherein the strains comprise aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum and trichoderma, and the strains comprise the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of aspergillus niger, 16 parts of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of trichoderma;
2) uniformly mixing the mixed strains with main materials, adding nutrient salt and stirring to obtain a mixed feed, wherein the main materials comprise soybean meal and bran, the nutrient salt comprises urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, salt and water, and the main materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean meal and 50 parts of bran; the nutrient salt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of urea, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of bentonite, 0.6 part of salt and 180 parts of water, wherein the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of main materials, 22 parts of strains and 222 parts of nutritive salt;
3) covering a plastic film on the mixed feed, putting the mixed feed into a fermentation chamber for fermentation, adding the fermented mixed feed into coarse grains according to a proportion to prepare the fermented feed, wherein the fermentation process of the mixed feed is divided into two sections, the temperature of the first section of the fermentation chamber is 34 ℃, the fermentation time is 8 hours, the temperature of the second section of the fermentation chamber is 29 ℃, the fermentation time is 30 hours, and the fermented feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of fermented mixed feed and 4 parts of coarse food grains, wherein the coarse food grains comprise soybean meal;
4) and breaking the wall of the rhodotorula benthica to obtain a rhodotorula benthica culture solution, adding the rhodotorula benthica culture solution into the fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the final chicken feed.
The preparation method of the culture solution of the rhodotorula benthamii in the step 4) comprises the following steps:
a. strain activation: inoculating rhodotorula benthica strain stored in a refrigerator on a slant culture medium, and activating at 30 ℃ for 48 hours;
b. seed culture: inoculating the strains which are fully activated in the slant culture medium into a liquid seed culture medium, and performing centrifugal culture at 28 ℃ and 300r/min for 24 hours;
c. fermentation culture: inoculating the cultured strain into a fermentation culture medium with an inoculum size of 10%, and performing centrifugal culture at 30 ℃ and 300r/min for 72 h;
d. β -mannase is added into the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture, and then the rhodotorula benthica culture solution is prepared by rotary oscillation for 5h at the rotation speed of 300r/min at 50 ℃ for 5h, and the weight position of β -mannase is 0.05g per 100mL of the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture.
The slant culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of protein, 5g of yeast powder and 20g of agar per liter.
The liquid seed culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of dried egg white, 5g of yeast powder, 5.6g of monopotassium phosphate, 10g of sodium chloride, 3g of magnesium sulfate and 5 of PH value per liter, and the components of the fermentation culture medium are the same as those of the liquid seed culture medium.
1mL of rhodotorula benthica culture solution is added into each gram of fermented feed.
Example eight
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fermented chicken feed, which comprises the following steps:
1) after uniformly mixing strains, wherein the strains comprise aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum and trichoderma, and the strains comprise the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of aspergillus niger, 16 parts of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of trichoderma;
2) uniformly mixing the mixed strains with main materials, adding nutrient salt and stirring to obtain a mixed feed, wherein the main materials comprise soybean meal and bran, the nutrient salt comprises urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, salt and water, and the main materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean meal and 50 parts of bran; the nutrient salt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of urea, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of bentonite, 0.6 part of salt and 180 parts of water, wherein the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of main materials, 22 parts of strains and 222 parts of nutritive salt;
3) covering a plastic film on the mixed feed, putting the mixed feed into a fermentation chamber for fermentation, adding the fermented mixed feed into coarse grains according to a proportion to prepare the fermented feed, wherein the fermentation process of the mixed feed is divided into two sections, the temperature of the first section of the fermentation chamber is 34 ℃, the fermentation time is 8 hours, the temperature of the second section of the fermentation chamber is 25 ℃, the fermentation time is 30 hours, and the fermented feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of fermented mixed feed and 3 parts of coarse food grains, wherein the coarse food grains comprise soybean meal;
4) and breaking the wall of the rhodotorula benthica to obtain a rhodotorula benthica culture solution, adding the rhodotorula benthica culture solution into the fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the final chicken feed.
The preparation method of the culture solution of the rhodotorula benthamii in the step 4) comprises the following steps:
a. strain activation: inoculating rhodotorula benthica strain stored in a refrigerator on a slant culture medium, and activating at 30 ℃ for 48 hours;
b. seed culture: inoculating the strains which are fully activated in the slant culture medium into a liquid seed culture medium, and performing centrifugal culture at 28 ℃ and 300r/min for 24 hours;
c. fermentation culture: inoculating the cultured strain into a fermentation culture medium with an inoculum size of 10%, and performing centrifugal culture at 30 ℃ and 300r/min for 72 h;
d. β -mannase is added into the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture, and then the rhodotorula benthica culture solution is prepared by rotary oscillation for 5h at the rotation speed of 300r/min at 50 ℃ for 5h, and the weight position of β -mannase is 0.05g per 100mL of the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture.
The slant culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of protein, 5g of yeast powder and 20g of agar per liter.
The liquid seed culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of dried egg white, 5g of yeast powder, 5.6g of monopotassium phosphate, 10g of sodium chloride, 3g of magnesium sulfate and 5 of PH value per liter, and the components of the fermentation culture medium are the same as those of the liquid seed culture medium.
1mL of rhodotorula benthica culture solution is added into each gram of fermented feed.
Example nine
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fermented chicken feed, which comprises the following steps:
1) after uniformly mixing strains, wherein the strains comprise aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum and trichoderma, and the strains comprise the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of aspergillus niger, 16 parts of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of trichoderma;
2) uniformly mixing the mixed strains with main materials, adding nutrient salt and stirring to obtain a mixed feed, wherein the main materials comprise soybean meal and bran, the nutrient salt comprises urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, salt and water, and the main materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean meal and 50 parts of bran; the nutrient salt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of urea, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of bentonite, 0.6 part of salt and 180 parts of water, wherein the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of main materials, 22 parts of strains and 222 parts of nutritive salt;
3) covering a plastic film on the mixed feed, putting the mixed feed into a fermentation chamber for fermentation, adding the fermented mixed feed into coarse grains according to a proportion to prepare the fermented feed, wherein the fermentation process of the mixed feed is divided into two sections, the temperature of the first section of the fermentation chamber is 34 ℃, the fermentation time is 8 hours, the temperature of the second section of the fermentation chamber is 25 ℃, the fermentation time is 30 hours, and the fermented feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of fermented mixed feed and 4 parts of coarse food grains, wherein the coarse food grains comprise soybean meal, and the fermented feed is dried to prepare the final chicken feed.
Example ten
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fermented chicken feed, which comprises the following steps:
1) after uniformly mixing strains, wherein the strains comprise aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum and trichoderma, and the strains comprise the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of aspergillus niger, 16 parts of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of trichoderma;
2) uniformly mixing the mixed strains with main materials, adding nutrient salt and stirring to obtain a mixed feed, wherein the main materials comprise soybean meal and bran, the nutrient salt comprises urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, salt and water, and the main materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean meal and 50 parts of bran; the nutrient salt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of urea, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of bentonite, 0.6 part of salt and 180 parts of water, wherein the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of main materials, 22 parts of strains and 222 parts of nutritive salt;
3) covering a plastic film on the mixed feed, putting the mixed feed into a fermentation chamber for fermentation, adding the fermented mixed feed into coarse grains according to a proportion to prepare the fermented feed, wherein the fermentation process of the mixed feed is divided into two sections, the temperature of the first section of the fermentation chamber is 34 ℃, the fermentation time is 8 hours, the temperature of the second section of the fermentation chamber is 25 ℃, the fermentation time is 30 hours, and the fermented feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of fermented mixed feed and 4 parts of coarse food grains, wherein the coarse food grains comprise soybean meal;
4) adding the rhodotorula benthica culture solution into the fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the final chicken feed.
The preparation method of the culture solution of the rhodotorula benthamii in the step 4) comprises the following steps:
a. strain activation: inoculating rhodotorula benthica strain stored in a refrigerator on a slant culture medium, and activating at 30 ℃ for 48 hours;
b. seed culture: inoculating the strains which are fully activated in the slant culture medium into a liquid seed culture medium, and performing centrifugal culture at 28 ℃ and 300r/min for 24 hours;
c. fermentation culture: inoculating the cultured strain into a fermentation culture medium with an inoculum size of 10%, and performing centrifugal culture at 30 ℃ and 300r/min for 72 h;
1mL of rhodotorula benthica culture solution is added into each gram of fermented feed.
EXAMPLE eleven
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fermented chicken feed, which comprises the following steps:
1) after uniformly mixing strains, wherein the strains comprise aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum and trichoderma, and the strains comprise the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of aspergillus niger, 16 parts of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of trichoderma;
2) uniformly mixing the mixed strains with main materials, adding nutrient salt and stirring to obtain a mixed feed, wherein the main materials comprise soybean meal and bran, the nutrient salt comprises urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, salt and water, and the main materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean meal and 50 parts of bran; the nutrient salt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of urea, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of bentonite, 0.6 part of salt and 180 parts of water, wherein the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of main materials, 22 parts of strains and 222 parts of nutritive salt;
3) covering a plastic film on the mixed feed, putting the mixed feed into a fermentation chamber for fermentation, adding the fermented mixed feed into coarse grains according to a proportion to prepare the fermented feed, wherein the fermentation process of the mixed feed is divided into two sections, the temperature of the first section of the fermentation chamber is 34 ℃, the fermentation time is 8 hours, the temperature of the second section of the fermentation chamber is 25 ℃, the fermentation time is 30 hours, and the fermented feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of fermented mixed feed and 4 parts of coarse food grains, wherein the coarse food grains comprise soybean meal;
4) and breaking the wall of the rhodotorula benthica to obtain a rhodotorula benthica culture solution, adding the rhodotorula benthica culture solution into the fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the final chicken feed.
The preparation method of the culture solution of the rhodotorula benthamii in the step 4) comprises the following steps:
a. strain activation: inoculating rhodotorula benthica strain stored in a refrigerator on a slant culture medium, and activating at 30 ℃ for 48 hours;
b. seed culture: inoculating the strains which are fully activated in the slant culture medium into a liquid seed culture medium, and performing centrifugal culture at 28 ℃ and 300r/min for 24 hours;
c. fermentation culture: inoculating the cultured strain into a fermentation culture medium with an inoculum size of 10%, and performing centrifugal culture at 30 ℃ and 300r/min for 72 h;
d. β -mannase is added into the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture, and then the rhodotorula benthica culture solution is prepared by rotary oscillation for 5h at the rotating speed of 300r/min at 40 ℃ for 5h, and the weight position of β -mannase is 0.05g per 100mL of the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture.
The slant culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of protein, 5g of yeast powder and 20g of agar per liter.
The liquid seed culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of dried egg white, 5g of yeast powder, 5.6g of monopotassium phosphate, 10g of sodium chloride, 3g of magnesium sulfate and 5 of PH value per liter, and the components of the fermentation culture medium are the same as those of the liquid seed culture medium.
1mL of rhodotorula benthica culture solution is added into each gram of fermented feed.
Example twelve
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fermented chicken feed, which comprises the following steps:
1) after uniformly mixing strains, wherein the strains comprise aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum and trichoderma, and the strains comprise the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of aspergillus niger, 16 parts of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of trichoderma;
2) uniformly mixing the mixed strains with main materials, adding nutrient salt and stirring to obtain a mixed feed, wherein the main materials comprise soybean meal and bran, the nutrient salt comprises urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, salt and water, and the main materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean meal and 50 parts of bran; the nutrient salt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of urea, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of bentonite, 0.6 part of salt and 180 parts of water, wherein the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of main materials, 22 parts of strains and 222 parts of nutritive salt;
3) covering a plastic film on the mixed feed, putting the mixed feed into a fermentation chamber for fermentation, adding the fermented mixed feed into coarse grains according to a proportion to prepare the fermented feed, wherein the fermentation process of the mixed feed is divided into two sections, the temperature of the first section of the fermentation chamber is 34 ℃, the fermentation time is 8 hours, the temperature of the second section of the fermentation chamber is 25 ℃, the fermentation time is 30 hours, and the fermented feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of fermented mixed feed and 4 parts of coarse food grains, wherein the coarse food grains comprise soybean meal;
4) and breaking the wall of the rhodotorula benthica to obtain a rhodotorula benthica culture solution, adding the rhodotorula benthica culture solution into the fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the final chicken feed.
The preparation method of the culture solution of the rhodotorula benthamii in the step 4) comprises the following steps:
a. strain activation: inoculating rhodotorula benthica strain stored in a refrigerator on a slant culture medium, and activating at 30 ℃ for 48 hours;
b. seed culture: inoculating the strains which are fully activated in the slant culture medium into a liquid seed culture medium, and performing centrifugal culture at 28 ℃ and 300r/min for 24 hours;
c. fermentation culture: inoculating the cultured strain into a fermentation culture medium with an inoculum size of 10%, and performing centrifugal culture at 30 ℃ and 300r/min for 72 h;
d. β -mannase is added into the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture, and then the rhodotorula benthica culture solution is prepared by rotary oscillation for 5h at the rotation speed of 300r/min at 50 ℃ for 5h, and the weight position of β -mannase is 0.05g per 100mL of the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture.
The slant culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of protein, 5g of yeast powder and 20g of agar per liter.
The liquid seed culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of dried egg white, 5g of yeast powder, 5.6g of monopotassium phosphate, 10g of sodium chloride, 3g of magnesium sulfate and 4.5 of PH value per liter, and the components of the fermentation culture medium are the same as those of the liquid seed culture medium.
1mL of rhodotorula benthica culture solution is added into each gram of fermented feed.
EXAMPLE thirteen
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fermented chicken feed, which comprises the following steps:
1) after uniformly mixing strains, wherein the strains comprise aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum and trichoderma, and the strains comprise the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of aspergillus niger, 16 parts of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of trichoderma;
2) uniformly mixing the mixed strains with main materials, adding nutrient salt and stirring to obtain a mixed feed, wherein the main materials comprise soybean meal and bran, the nutrient salt comprises urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, salt and water, and the main materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean meal and 50 parts of bran; the nutrient salt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of urea, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of bentonite, 0.6 part of salt and 180 parts of water, wherein the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of main materials, 22 parts of strains and 222 parts of nutritive salt;
3) covering a plastic film on the mixed feed, putting the mixed feed into a fermentation chamber for fermentation, adding the fermented mixed feed into coarse grains according to a proportion to prepare the fermented feed, wherein the fermentation process of the mixed feed is divided into two sections, the temperature of the first section of the fermentation chamber is 34 ℃, the fermentation time is 8 hours, the temperature of the second section of the fermentation chamber is 25 ℃, the fermentation time is 30 hours, and the fermented feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of fermented mixed feed and 4 parts of coarse food grains, wherein the coarse food grains comprise soybean meal;
4) and breaking the wall of the rhodotorula benthica to obtain a rhodotorula benthica culture solution, adding the rhodotorula benthica culture solution into the fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the final chicken feed.
The preparation method of the culture solution of the rhodotorula benthamii in the step 4) comprises the following steps:
a. strain activation: inoculating rhodotorula benthica strain stored in a refrigerator on a slant culture medium, and activating at 30 ℃ for 48 hours;
b. seed culture: inoculating the strains which are fully activated in the slant culture medium into a liquid seed culture medium, and performing centrifugal culture at 28 ℃ and 300r/min for 24 hours;
c. fermentation culture: inoculating the cultured strain into a fermentation culture medium with an inoculum size of 10%, and performing centrifugal culture at 30 ℃ and 300r/min for 72 h;
d. β -mannase is added into the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture, and then the rhodotorula benthica culture solution is prepared by rotary oscillation for 5h at the rotation speed of 300r/min at 50 ℃ for 5h, and the weight position of β -mannase is 0.05g per 100mL of the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture.
The slant culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of protein, 5g of yeast powder and 20g of agar per liter.
The liquid seed culture medium contains 25g of glucose, 8g of dried egg white, 5g of yeast powder, 5.6g of monopotassium phosphate, 10g of sodium chloride, 3g of magnesium sulfate and 6 of PH value per liter, and the components of the fermentation culture medium are the same as those of the liquid seed culture medium.
1mL of rhodotorula benthica culture solution is added into each gram of fermented feed.
In the first to the eighth embodiments, the wall breaking conditions of the rhodotorula benthamii are avoided, the first three steps are changed, in the ninth to the thirteenth embodiments, the first three steps are kept unchanged, and whether the rhodotorula benthamii is added or not, whether the wall is broken and the wall breaking method are tested. 1300 firewood chickens were equally divided into 13 groups and the thirteen feeds were used, and the feeds and the excrements of the firewood chickens were detected, and the following table was obtained:
table two:
the crude protein content is detected by the crude protein content of the final chicken feed; the carotenoid content is detected by the carotenoid of the chicken feed; the protein absorption rate detection is to detect the crude protein of the faggot chicken manure, and the crude protein of the faggot chicken manure is calculated by the formula (the content of the crude protein of the chicken feed-the content of the manure protein)/the content of the crude protein of the chicken feed; the disease death rate is the disease death rate of the chickens cultivated within one month; the wall breaking rate of the rhodotorula benthica is detected according to the wall breaking condition of the rhodotorula benthica in the rhodotorula benthica culture solution, and the wall breaking rate is higher and better.
As can be seen from the above table, the first example has the best effect, the crude protein content is the highest, and the carotenoid is the same as the culture method of the rhodotorula hai, so the other examples are the same except for the nine examples, but the ten to thirteen examples with wall-breaking rate are considered to have the general performance on carotenoid absorption. The embodiment has the highest absorption rate on the protein absorption rate, the disease and death rate is 0, which shows that the carotenoid in the embodiment is better absorbed, and the protein permeated by the mycoprotein, the vegetable protein and the rhodotorula benthica is best absorbed.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a fermentation type feed for firewood chicken is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing strains, wherein the strains consist of aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum and trichoderma;
2) uniformly mixing the mixed strains with main materials, adding nutrient salt and stirring to obtain a mixed feed, wherein the main materials are soybean meal and bran, and the nutrient salt is urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, salt and water;
3) covering the mixed feed with a plastic film, putting the plastic film into a fermentation chamber for fermentation, and adding the fermented mixed feed into coarse grains according to a proportion to prepare fermented feed;
4) breaking the wall of the rhodotorula benthica to prepare a rhodotorula benthica culture solution, adding the rhodotorula benthica culture solution into fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and drying to prepare final chicken feed;
the strain in the step 1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-8 parts of Aspergillus niger, 4-24 parts of Geotrichum candidum and 0.5-2 parts of Trichoderma;
50 parts of soybean meal and 50 parts of bran; the nutrient salt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of urea, 2-6 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1-3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-15 parts of bentonite, 0.2-1 part of salt and 150-220 parts of water;
in the step 2), the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-300 parts of main materials, 10-35 parts of strains and 110-335 parts of nutritive salt;
in the step 3), the fermentation process of the mixed feed is divided into two sections, wherein the temperature of the first section of the fermentation chamber is 30-38 ℃, the fermentation time is 6-10 hours, the temperature of the second section of the fermentation chamber is 22-30 ℃, and the fermentation time is 18-42 hours.
2. The method for preparing a fermented feed for firewood chicken as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the strain in the step 1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of aspergillus niger, 16 parts of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of trichoderma;
the main material in the step 2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean meal and 50 parts of bran;
the nutrient salt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of urea, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of bentonite, 0.6 part of salt and 180 parts of water;
the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of main materials, 22 parts of strains and 222 parts of nutritive salt;
the fermentation process of the step 3) is divided into two sections, the temperature of a first section of fermentation chamber is 34 ℃, the fermentation time is 8 hours, the temperature of a second section of fermentation chamber is 25 ℃, the fermentation time is 30 hours, and the fermented feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of fermented mixed feed and 4 parts of coarse food grains, wherein the coarse food grains comprise soybean meal.
3. The method for preparing a fermented feed for firewood chicken as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the preparation method of the culture solution of the rhodotorula benthamii in the step 4) comprises the following steps:
a. strain activation: inoculating rhodotorula benthica strains preserved in a refrigerator on a slant culture medium, and activating for 40-56 hours at the temperature of 26-34 ℃;
b. seed culture: inoculating the strains which are fully activated in the slant culture medium into a liquid seed culture medium, and performing centrifugal culture at 24-32 ℃ and 200-400 r/min for 20-28 h;
c. fermentation culture: inoculating the cultured strain into a fermentation culture medium by 10 percent of inoculation amount, and performing centrifugal culture at 26-34 ℃ for 60-84 h at 200-400 r/min;
d. adding β -mannase into a fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture, then rotationally oscillating for 3-7 h at 30-65 ℃ and a rotation speed of 200-400 r/min to prepare a sea carmine yeast culture solution, wherein the weight of β -mannase added into each 100mL of the fermentation culture medium after fermentation culture is not more than 0.2 g.
4. A method of preparing a fermented chicken feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: the slant culture medium contains 15-35 g of glucose, 5-11 g of protein, 3-7 g of yeast powder and 10-30 g of agar per liter.
5. The method for preparing a fermented chicken feed according to claim 4, wherein the fermentation step comprises the following steps: the liquid seed culture medium contains 15-35 g of glucose, 5-11 g of protein, 3-7 g of yeast powder, 4-8 g of monopotassium phosphate, 5-15 g of sodium chloride, 2-4 g of magnesium sulfate and 4-7 of pH value per liter, and the components of the fermentation culture medium are the same as those of the liquid seed culture medium.
6. The method for preparing a fermented chicken feed according to claim 5, wherein the fermentation step comprises the following steps: 1mL of rhodotorula benthica culture solution is added into each gram of fermented feed.
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| CN107969571A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-01 | 佛山市高明区生产力促进中心 | A kind of capon feed rich in protein |
| CN109362943A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-02-22 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of production method of feedstuff for laying hens additive |
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