CN106069472B - A method of it is inefficient to solve aged closing Queensland nut garden low yield - Google Patents
A method of it is inefficient to solve aged closing Queensland nut garden low yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN106069472B CN106069472B CN201610418623.XA CN201610418623A CN106069472B CN 106069472 B CN106069472 B CN 106069472B CN 201610418623 A CN201610418623 A CN 201610418623A CN 106069472 B CN106069472 B CN 106069472B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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Abstract
The inefficient method of aged closing Queensland nut garden low yield is solved the invention discloses a kind of, comprising: (1) bounce back heavy pruning, updates tree crown；(2) pruning, innovation shoot group；(3) deep ploughing is improved the soil, and updates root system；(4) batch changes kind, and pre- plant updates；(5) reasonable fertilizer and water management；(6) foliage top dressing, flower and fruit protecting；(7) the disease pest plague of rats is prevented and treated.It is transformed using aged closing Queensland nut garden inefficient to low yield after this method in the fall fruit harvest, can make the tree crown in orchard obtain rejuvenating, kind configuration rationally, soil fertility enhances rapidly, the disease pest plague of rats is prevented and treated in time, Accelerate bloom fruit setting and fruit development, greatly improve single plant yield and quality；The production capacity in aged closing Queensland nut garden can be made to be restored to the level of its period of high birth in 2 ~ 3 years, realize that average strain produces 10 kilograms of shell fruit of band or more, benefit improves 40% or more, solves the low yield inefficiency problem in aged closing Queensland nut garden.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Cultivate administration methods in Queensland nut garden, and in particular to a kind of solution aged closing Australia is hard
Low yield inefficient method in orchard belongs to cultivation of fruit tree administrative skill field.
Background technique
Queensland nut is kind of a characteristic subtropical zone fruit, has significant region feature, unique nutritive value and high economy additional
The features such as value, is known as " king of world's nut ", and supply falls short of demand in the international market, is most latent in development characteristic tropical agriculture
The component part of power.
China's Queensland nut industry is started late, the commercial crop Queensland nut since the late nineteen eighties are just.Cut-off
In the end of the year 2015, China is in the ground such as Yunnan, Guangxi plantation Queensland nut ten thousand mu about more than 150.According to each producing region Queensland nut in China
The trend of industry development and Correlative plan, ' 13 ' period China's Queensland nut cultivated areas will break through 3,500,000 mu, 15 years futures
Interior China will become world's Queensland nut largest production state.
As Queensland nut garden area that is newly-increased or just going into operation increases year by year, some orchards also enter aged result successively
Phase, but these aged Queensland nut gardens are because of canopy, the factors such as serious, variety deterioration occur for pest and disease damage causes seriously to subtract
Produce, especially the Queensland nut garden of China's early implantation because varieties of plant mixes it is inferior due to cause apparent " low yield, inefficient " existing
As, the serious contusion enthusiasm of numerous operators, the sustainable development of Queensland nut industry is also constrained.
The remodeling method of fruit-tree orchard low yield is referred in the prior art change kind, intermediate cutting, deep ploughing are digged, fertilising etc. again
Measure, such as patent application 201310081987.X disclose the remodeling method of octagonal Low yield forest inferior, are directed to middle children respectively
Age poor quality standing forest, middle young age Low yield forest proposes remodeling method at age woods Low yield forest, at age residual woods；
201510486972. 0 disclose a kind of camellia oleifera lam low yield remodeling method, including shape pruning, suitably sparsely fell, cultivate entirely loosen the soil cultivate it is multiple,
Summer shallowly uproot intertillage, apply fertilizer, change hat, Sprout reproduction, pre- plant update, the prevention and treatment of reinforcing pest and disease damage, support nine steps of honeybee in woods；
201410349647.5 disclose a kind of remodeling method of citrus stunted tree low yield orchard, specifically include: ploughing deeply and improve the soil, more new root
System；While deep ploughing improves the soil, updates root system, heavy dressing organic fertilizer；Appropriate heavy pruning updates tree crown；Do the prevention and treatment step of pest and disease damage well
Suddenly.
Compared with general low-yield orchard, the aged Queensland nut garden in China there is also mix because of varieties of plant, it is inferior etc.
And lead to apparent low yield, inefficiency problem, there is particularity.Therefore, it cannot be used directly for being transformed using the method for the prior art
Not yet there is the relevant report being transformed for aged low yield Queensland nut garden in aged low yield Queensland nut garden at present.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is being based on above-mentioned deficiency, provide a kind of solution aged closing Queensland nut garden low yield inefficient side
Method is effectively promoted for low yield inefficiency problem existing for existing Queensland nut garden using a kind of unified Integration ofTechnology measure
The production capacity in orchard increases the single plant yield and quality of Queensland nut, improves plantation economic benefit, realizes Queensland nut industry
Sustainable development.
Technical scheme is as follows: a method of solution aged closing Queensland nut garden low yield is inefficient, specific to wrap
Include following steps:
(1) bounce back heavy pruning, updates tree crown: in the fall after fruit harvest, selecting thorax result in tree body in the ranks selecting good strains in the field for seed every 1 ~ 2
Less, the peripheral branch of branch carries out retraction heavy pruning, specific method is returned to major branch compared with the old-age group tree of closing after fruit harvesting
Contracting heavy pruning, and an auxiliary support branch is selected and remain at retraction, smear Wound-healing agent after heavy pruning on wound immediately, and wrap to tree body
Sunshade net and timely water drenching, to avoid the sun burn bark, promote wound healing, so that major branch is re-emitted young sprout；To next
Year spring, by young sprout by " go it is weak stay it is strong, go it is close stay it is thin " principle remove, 3 ~ 5 enriching shoots are retained on each major branch, to
Pinching or light cutting back are carried out at long to 15-20 centimetres of the branch remained, branch is inspired, to cultivate new fruitful branch and tree crown；
After entering fruiting period, the remaining aged tree in orchard can be subjected to retraction heavy pruning in the same way and tree crown updates；
(2) pruning, innovation shoot group: carrying out pruning for the aged tree of the remaining heavy pruning that do not bounce back, mainly pair
The orthostatic skeleton branch group at tree crown periphery top carries out blank trimming, and removes the excessive bough at the other positions of tree crown, protects
Oblique raw bough 4 ~ 6 is stayed, the angle between bough maintains 60 ~ 90 degree；Wipe out deadwood, the sick branch, intersection on oblique raw bough
Overlapping branch, descending branch and branch of growing thickly, retain its interior thorax fruitful branch, and take the principle of " weak branch is cut by force, and enriching shoot is weak to be cut " in due course, train
New fruit-bearing shoot cluster is supported, achievees the purpose that thorax ventilation and penetrating light, branch are evenly distributed, are compact-sized in tree body；
(3) deep ploughing is improved the soil, and updates root system: after the completion of trimming, in the place apart from 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters of trunk according to " tree crown
Outer depth is a little, shallow in tree crown " principle orchard is deep ploughed comprehensively 1 time, depth is 20 ~ 25 centimetres, it is simultaneous make to fall leaves translate under soil layer,
Zai Quan spreads fertilizer over the fields in garden 10 ~ 15 kilograms of quick lime, to improve soil physico-chemical property and crumb structure, promotes root growth；In deep ploughing
Meanwhile excavating annular groove below tree crown drip and uniformly being increased fertilizer, 20 ~ 25 centimetres of furrow width, 30 ~ 35 centimetres of ditch depth, every plant
25 ~ 35 kilograms of complex fertilizer are applied, earthing backfills and jam on having peace of mind after fertilizing, to prevent fertilizer nutrient from evaporating or by rain drop erosion stream
It loses, so that new root is formed；
(4) batch changes kind, and pre- plant updates: suitable for kind is inferior or the aged Queensland nut garden of variety deterioration, depending on orchard
Situation changes kind using batch or the pre- method updated of planting carries out orchard transformation；The method that batch changes kind is: in the base of retraction heavy pruning
On plinth, using the young sprout of pumping after heavy pruning, it is consistent that 2 ~ 3 florescences are grafted in the tree body that each plant weight bounces back by cleft graft
Good quality and high output new varieties；The pre- method updated of planting is: being directly planted in original kind florescence consistent 2 ~ triennial breeding seedlings
By veteran after shaped trimming, veteran is just connected into root after seedlings stable yields and is dug up；After being transformed by this method, the orchard florescence is more
Add unanimously, it is more convenient to pollinate between kind, is conducive to improve percentage of fertile fruit, makes orchard can be with the output when changing kind, to improve
Orchard yield and quality；
(5) reasonable fertilizer and water management:, every year need to be in inflorescence pumping phase, the florescence of thanking, fruit to improved aged tree and fruit setting tree
5 periods respectively increase 1 fertilizer after reality mushrooms out the phase, fruit oil content accumulates phase and fruit picking；The fertilizer that preceding 4 periods are increased
Material is compound fertilizer, and dosage is 1 ~ 2 kilogram every plant, and method is applied for tree disk cave, more caves are a small amount of；After fruit picking, based on farmyard manure, cooperation
Compound fertilizer carries out paving fertilizer, and method is that the fertilising of semi-circular ditch is dug under tree crown drip, and every plant of dose is that rotted pig manure 10 ~ 20 is public
Jin, 1 ~ 2 kilogram of cake fertilizer, 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram of compound fertilizer and 0.2 ~ 0.5 kilogram of quick lime；To the breeding seedlings of new plantation, in each branch
1 tip-promoting fertilizer and strong tip fertilizer are respectively applied before tip rudiment and during young sprout blade annesl respectively, every plant of fertilizer amount is urea 50 ~ 100
Gram, 40 ~ 80 grams of compound fertilizer and 20 ~ 50 grams of potassium chloride, method is tree disk ditch spread；Meanwhile 1 is carried out before spring summit of growth arrives
Secondary paving fertilizer spreads fertile method referring to aged tree, and dose halves；In inflorescence pumping phase, florescence and fruit development period, it should be noted that leaching
Water keeps moisture sufficient, to guarantee normally to bloom, Pollination Fertilization and fruit development；
(6) foliage top dressing, flower and fruit protecting: for flower, the feature of fruit puberty Queensland nut tree body nutrient supply deficiency,
Before blooming about 1 week and thank spend after the 1st week and the 3rd week when respectively carry out 1 foliage top dressing, method is to spray flower and fruit protecting blade face
Fertilizer should increase 0.2% borax when spraying before blooming；
(7) prevent and treat the disease pest plague of rats: the disease of Queensland nut mainly has anthracnose, flower epidemic disease and shell spot disease etc., insect pest
Mainly there are aphid, flower snout moth's larva, moth fruit snout moth's larva, thrips, white cured moth and stinkbug silk worm etc.；It to be directed to different pest and disease damages, carries out corresponding prediction
Forecast takes corresponding control measure once occurring in time, accomplish except it is early, except less, in addition to；It then to be carried out in the harvest season
The prevention and treatment of the plague of rats can place the devices such as rattrap, Poison bait station in orchard, kill mouse in conjunction with highly effective and safe rat poison is launched；Winter
After Ji Qingyuan, full garden sprays a lime sulfur, overwintering disease pest source is killed, to reduce pest and disease damage.
Step (1) described Wound-healing agent is formulated by the component of following mass fraction: 4 ~ 8% lime sulfurs or methyl
Thiophanate, 0.05 ~ 0.3% urea, 0.1 ~ 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01 ~ 0.1% Nafusaku, 50 ~ 60% calcium carbonate, 24 ~ 35%
Water, 8 ~ 12% lards.
Preferably, the Wound-healing agent is formulated by the component of following mass fraction: 5% lime sulfur or methyl support
Cloth saliva, 0.15% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% Nafusaku, 55% calcium carbonate, 30% water, 9.5% lard.
Containing 22 ~ 30 kilograms decomposed of organic fertilizer, 3 ~ 5 kilograms of compound fertilizer in step (3) described complex fertilizer.
Compound fertilizer of the present invention is chloro type compound fertilizer, N, P2O5、K2The mass content ratio of tri- kinds of nutrients of O is 15:
5:15。
The formula of step (6) the flower and fruit protecting foliar fertilizer are as follows: in 1L water contain following quality proportioning component: 0.1 ~
0.2% urea, 0.1 ~ 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 ~ 0.2% compound nucleotide, 0.01 ~ 0.05% photosynthetic micro- fertilizer, 0.01 ~ 0.1%
Rare-earth elements nutrient solution, 10 ~ 20mg/L CPPU(swelling agent).
Preferably, the formula of the flower and fruit protecting foliar fertilizer are as follows: in 1L water contain following quality proportioning component: 0.15%
Urea, 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% compound nucleotide, 0.02% photosynthetic micro- fertilizer, 0.05% Rare-earth elements nutrient solution, 15mg/L
CPPU。
The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with the existing technology is: a series of implementation of technical measures through the invention
Afterwards, the tree crown in orchard can be made to obtain, and rejuvenating, kind configuration is reasonable, soil fertility enhances rapidly and the disease pest plague of rats obtains in time
Prevention and treatment makes the production capacity in aged closing Queensland nut garden be restored to the level of its period of high birth in 2 ~ 3 years, realizes that average strain produces
Band 10 kilograms of shell fruit or more, benefit improve 40% or more, and then the low yield for efficiently solving aged closing Queensland nut garden is inefficient asks
Topic greatly improves its yield and quality, and then promotes the development of Queensland nut industry.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further details below by embodiment, these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, and
It does not limit the scope of the invention.
1 pair of embodiment is planted 35 years, canopy, the inefficient Australia of low yield that pest and disease damage generation is serious, variet complexity is inferior
Continent nut garden is transformed using following steps:
(1) bounce back heavy pruning, updates tree crown: in the fall after fruit harvest, selecting thorax result in tree body in the ranks selecting good strains in the field for seed every 1 ~ 2
Less, the peripheral branch of branch carries out retraction heavy pruning compared with the old-age group tree of closing after fruit harvesting；Retraction heavy pruning method be to major branch into
Row retraction heavy pruning, and an auxiliary support branch is selected and remain at retraction, smear Wound-healing agent after heavy pruning on wound immediately, and to tree body
Wrap sunshade net and timely water drenching, to avoid the sun burn bark, promote wound healing, so that major branch is re-emitted young sprout；
Spring in next year, by young sprout by " go it is weak stay it is strong, go it is close stay it is thin " principle remove, 3 ~ 5 enriching shoots are retained on each major branch；
Pinching or light cutting back are carried out at long to 15-20 centimetres of the branch to get off to be retained, branch is inspired, to cultivate new fruitful branch and tree
Hat；After entering fruiting period, the remaining aged tree in orchard can be subjected to retraction heavy pruning in the same way and tree crown updates；Wherein, institute
The Wound-healing agent of use is by 5% lime sulfur or thiophanate methyl, 0.15% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% methyl α-naphthyl acetate
Sodium, 55% calcium carbonate, 30% water and 9.5% lard are formulated；
(2) pruning, innovation shoot group: carrying out pruning for the aged tree of the remaining heavy pruning that do not bounce back, mainly pair
The orthostatic skeleton branch group at tree crown periphery top carries out blank trimming, and removes the excessive bough at the other positions of tree crown, protects
Oblique raw bough 4 ~ 6 is stayed, the angle between bough maintains 60 ~ 90 degree；Wipe out deadwood, the sick branch, intersection on oblique raw bough
Overlapping branch, descending branch and branch of growing thickly, retain its interior thorax fruitful branch, and take the principle of " weak branch is cut by force, and enriching shoot is weak to be cut " in due course, train
New fruit-bearing shoot cluster is supported, achievees the purpose that thorax ventilation and penetrating light, branch are evenly distributed, are compact-sized in tree body；
(3) deep ploughing is improved the soil, and updates root system: after the completion of trimming, in the place apart from 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters of trunk according to " tree crown
Outer depth is a little, shallow in tree crown " principle orchard is deep ploughed comprehensively 1 time, depth is 20 ~ 25 centimetres, it is simultaneous make to fall leaves translate under soil layer,
Zai Quan spreads fertilizer over the fields in garden 10 ~ 15 kilograms of quick lime, to improve soil physico-chemical property and crumb structure, promotes root growth；In deep ploughing
Meanwhile excavating annular groove below tree crown drip and uniformly being increased fertilizer, 20 ~ 25 centimetres of furrow width, 30 ~ 35 centimetres of ditch depth, every plant
28 kilograms of complex fertilizer (containing 3 kilograms of 25 kilograms decomposed of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer) is applied, earthing backfills and jams on having peace of mind after fertilizing,
To prevent fertilizer nutrient from evaporating or be lost by rain drop erosion, so that new root is formed；Wherein, compound fertilizer used is that chloro type is compound
Fertilizer, N, P2O5、K2The mass content ratio of tri- kinds of nutrients of O is 15:5:15；
(4) batch changes kind, and pre- plant updates: suitable for kind is inferior or the aged Queensland nut garden of variety deterioration, depending on orchard
Situation changes kind using batch or the pre- method updated of planting carries out orchard transformation.The method that batch changes kind is: in the base of retraction heavy pruning
On plinth, using the young sprout of pumping after heavy pruning, it is consistent that 2 ~ 3 florescences are grafted in the tree body that each plant weight bounces back by cleft graft
Good quality and high output new varieties；The pre- method updated of planting is: being directly planted in original kind florescence consistent 2 ~ triennial breeding seedlings
By veteran after shaped trimming, veteran is just connected into root after seedlings stable yields and is dug up；
(5) reasonable fertilizer and water management:, every year need to be in inflorescence pumping phase, the florescence of thanking, fruit to improved aged tree and fruit setting tree
After mushrooming out phase, fruit oil content accumulation phase and fruit picking in fact；5 periods respectively increase 1 fertilizer；What preceding 4 periods were increased
Fertilizer is compound fertilizer, and dosage is 1.5 kilograms every plant, and method is applied for tree disk cave, more caves are a small amount of；After fruit picking, based on farmyard manure, match
Compound fertilizer carries out paving fertilizer, and method is that the fertilising of semi-circular ditch is dug under tree crown drip, and every plant of dose is rotted pig manure 10 ~ 20
Kilogram, 1 ~ 2 kilogram of cake fertilizer, 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram of compound fertilizer and 0.2 ~ 0.5 kilogram of quick lime；To the breeding seedlings of new plantation, each
Respectively apply 1 tip-promoting fertilizer and strong tip fertilizer before branch rudiment and during young sprout blade annesl respectively, every plant of fertilizer amount be urea 50 ~
100 grams, 40 ~ 80 grams of compound fertilizer and 20 ~ 50 grams of potassium chloride, method are tree disk ditch spread；Meanwhile arriving to advance in spring summit of growth
1 paving fertilizer of row, spreads fertile method referring to aged tree, dose halves；In inflorescence pumping phase, florescence and fruit development period, should infuse
It anticipates water drenching, keeps moisture sufficient, to guarantee normally to bloom, Pollination Fertilization and fruit development；
(6) foliage top dressing, flower and fruit protecting: for flower, the feature of fruit puberty Queensland nut tree body nutrient supply deficiency,
Before blooming about 1 week and thank spend after the 1st week and the 3rd week when respectively carry out 1 foliage top dressing, method is to spray flower and fruit protecting blade face
Fertilizer should increase 0.2% borax when spraying before blooming；Wherein, the formula of flower and fruit protecting foliar fertilizer is to match in 1L water containing following quality
The component of ratio: 0.15% urea, 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% compound nucleotide, 0.02% photosynthetic micro- fertilizer, 0.05% rare earth nutrition
Liquid, 15mg/L CPPU；
(7) prevent and treat the disease pest plague of rats: the disease of Queensland nut mainly has anthracnose, flower epidemic disease and shell spot disease etc., insect pest
Mainly there are aphid, flower snout moth's larva, moth fruit snout moth's larva, thrips, white cured moth and stinkbug silk worm etc.；It to be directed to different pest and disease damages, carries out corresponding prediction
Forecast takes corresponding control measure once occurring in time, accomplish except it is early, except less, in addition to；The plague of rats is carried out in the harvest season
Prevention and treatment, place rattrap, the devices such as Poison bait station in orchard, kill mouse in conjunction with highly effective and safe rat poison is launched；Winter clear garden
Afterwards, full garden sprays a lime sulfur, overwintering disease pest source is killed, to reduce pest and disease damage.
After the Queensland nut garden uses abovementioned technology, its production capacity is made to be restored to the water of its period of high birth in 3 years
Flat, average strain produces 10.8 kilograms of shell fruit of band, and benefit improves 74.2%.
2 pairs of embodiment plant 28 years, canopy, that serious, variety deterioration inefficient Australia of low yield occurs for pest and disease damage is hard
Orchard is transformed using following steps:
(1) bounce back heavy pruning, updates tree crown: in the fall after fruit harvest, selecting thorax result in tree body in the ranks selecting good strains in the field for seed every 1 ~ 2
Less, the peripheral branch of branch carries out retraction heavy pruning compared with the old-age group tree of closing after fruit harvesting；Retraction heavy pruning method be to major branch into
Row retraction heavy pruning, and an auxiliary support branch is selected and remain at retraction, smear Wound-healing agent after heavy pruning on wound immediately, and to tree body
Wrap sunshade net and timely water drenching, to avoid the sun burn bark, promote wound healing, so that major branch is re-emitted young sprout；
Spring in next year, by young sprout by " go it is weak stay it is strong, go it is close stay it is thin " principle remove, 3 ~ 5 enriching shoots are retained on each major branch；
Pinching or light cutting back are carried out at long to 15-20 centimetres of the branch to get off to be retained, branch is inspired, to cultivate new fruitful branch and tree
Hat；After entering fruiting period, the remaining aged tree in orchard can be subjected to retraction heavy pruning in the same way and tree crown updates；Wherein, institute
The Wound-healing agent of use by 4% lime sulfur, 0.2% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% Nafusaku, 60% calcium carbonate,
24% water, 11.5% lard are formulated；
(2) pruning, innovation shoot group: carrying out pruning for the aged tree of the remaining heavy pruning that do not bounce back, mainly pair
The orthostatic skeleton branch group at tree crown periphery top carries out blank trimming, and removes the excessive bough at the other positions of tree crown, protects
Oblique raw bough 4 ~ 6 is stayed, the angle between bough maintains 60 ~ 90 degree；Wipe out deadwood, the sick branch, intersection on oblique raw bough
Overlapping branch, descending branch and branch of growing thickly, retain its interior thorax fruitful branch, and take the principle of " weak branch is cut by force, and enriching shoot is weak to be cut " in due course, train
New fruit-bearing shoot cluster is supported, achievees the purpose that thorax ventilation and penetrating light, branch are evenly distributed, are compact-sized in tree body；
(3) deep ploughing is improved the soil, and updates root system: after the completion of trimming, in the place apart from 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters of trunk according to " tree crown
Outer depth is a little, shallow in tree crown " principle orchard is deep ploughed comprehensively 1 time, depth is 20 ~ 25 centimetres, it is simultaneous make to fall leaves translate under soil layer,
Zai Quan spreads fertilizer over the fields in garden 10 ~ 15 kilograms of quick lime, to improve soil physico-chemical property and crumb structure, promotes root growth；In deep ploughing
Meanwhile excavating annular groove below tree crown drip and uniformly being increased fertilizer, 20 ~ 25 centimetres of furrow width, 30 ~ 35 centimetres of ditch depth, every plant
25 kilograms of complex fertilizer (containing 3 kilograms of 22 kilograms decomposed of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer) is applied, earthing backfills and jams on having peace of mind after fertilizing,
To prevent fertilizer nutrient from evaporating or be lost by rain drop erosion, so that new root is formed；Wherein, compound fertilizer used is that chloro type is compound
Fertilizer, N, P2O5、K2The mass content ratio of tri- kinds of nutrients of O is 15:5:15；
(4) batch changes kind, and pre- plant updates: suitable for kind is inferior or the aged Queensland nut garden of variety deterioration, depending on orchard
Situation changes kind using batch or the pre- method updated of planting carries out orchard transformation.The method that batch changes kind is: in the base of retraction heavy pruning
On plinth, using the young sprout of pumping after heavy pruning, it is consistent that 2 ~ 3 florescences are grafted in the tree body that each plant weight bounces back by cleft graft
Good quality and high output new varieties；The pre- method updated of planting is: being directly planted in original kind florescence consistent 2 ~ triennial breeding seedlings
By veteran after shaped trimming, veteran is just connected into root after seedlings stable yields and is dug up；
(5) reasonable fertilizer and water management:, every year need to be in inflorescence pumping phase, the florescence of thanking, fruit to improved aged tree and fruit setting tree
After mushrooming out phase, fruit oil content accumulation phase and fruit picking in fact；5 periods respectively increase 1 fertilizer；What preceding 4 periods were increased
Fertilizer is compound fertilizer, and dosage is 1 kilogram every plant, and method is applied for tree disk cave, more caves are a small amount of；After fruit picking, based on farmyard manure, cooperation
Compound fertilizer carries out paving fertilizer, and method is that the fertilising of semi-circular ditch is dug under tree crown drip, every plant of dose be 20 kilograms of rotted pig manure,
1 kilogram of cake fertilizer, 1 kilogram of compound fertilizer and 0.5 kilogram of quick lime；It is before each branch rudiment and new to the breeding seedlings of new plantation
1 tip-promoting fertilizer and strong tip fertilizer are respectively applied during tip blade annesl respectively, every plant of fertilizer amount is 50 grams of urea, 80 grams of compound fertilizer and chlorine
Change 20 grams of potassium, method is tree disk ditch spread；Meanwhile 1 paving fertilizer is carried out before spring summit of growth arrives, fertile method is spread referring to aged
Tree, dose halve；In inflorescence pumping phase, florescence and fruit development period, it should be noted that water drenching keeps moisture sufficient, to guarantee
It normally blooms, Pollination Fertilization and fruit development；
(6) foliage top dressing, flower and fruit protecting: for flower, the feature of fruit puberty Queensland nut tree body nutrient supply deficiency,
Before blooming about 1 week and thank spend after the 1st week and the 3rd week when respectively carry out 1 foliage top dressing, method is to spray flower and fruit protecting blade face
Fertilizer should increase 0.2% borax when spraying before blooming；Wherein, the formula of flower and fruit protecting foliar fertilizer is to match in 1L water containing following quality
The component of ratio: 0.1% urea, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2% compound nucleotide, 0.01% photosynthetic micro- fertilizer, 0.1% Rare-earth elements nutrient solution,
10mg/L CPPU；
(7) prevent and treat the disease pest plague of rats: the disease of Queensland nut mainly has anthracnose, flower epidemic disease and shell spot disease etc., insect pest
Mainly there are aphid, flower snout moth's larva, moth fruit snout moth's larva, thrips, white cured moth and stinkbug silk worm etc.；It to be directed to different pest and disease damages, carries out corresponding prediction
Forecast takes corresponding control measure once occurring in time, accomplish except it is early, except less, in addition to；The plague of rats is carried out in the harvest season
Prevention and treatment, place rattrap, the devices such as Poison bait station in orchard, kill mouse in conjunction with highly effective and safe rat poison is launched；Winter clear garden
Afterwards, full garden sprays a lime sulfur, overwintering disease pest source is killed, to reduce pest and disease damage.
After the Queensland nut garden uses abovementioned technology, its production capacity is made to be restored to the water of its period of high birth in 2 years
Flat, average strain produces 11.5 kilograms of shell fruit of band, and benefit improves 45.2%.
3 pairs of embodiment plant 25 years, canopy, pest and disease damage serious, variety deterioration inefficient low yield Queensland nut occurs
Garden is transformed using 2 identical steps are implemented: where the difference is that:
Step (1) is different from wound healing agent prescription used by embodiment 2,6% thiophanate methyl specific as follows, 0.3%
Urea, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% Nafusaku, 58% calcium carbonate, 25% water, 10.5% lard are formulated；
Every plant of step (3) applies 35 kilograms of complex fertilizer (containing 5 kilograms of 30 kilograms decomposed of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer)；
The fertilizer that step (5) preceding 4 periods are increased is compound fertilizer, and dosage is 2 kilograms every plant；After fruit picking, every plant of fertilising
It measures as 10 kilograms of rotted pig manure, 2 kilograms of cake fertilizer, 0.5 kilogram of compound fertilizer and 0.2 kilogram of quick lime；To the breeding seedlings of new plantation,
The fertilizer amount of its each tip-promoting fertilizer and strong tip fertilizer is every plant of 100 grams of application urea, 40 grams of compound fertilizer and 50 grams of potassium chloride；
The formula of the used flower and fruit protecting foliar fertilizer of step (6) is the component containing following quality proportioning in 1L water: 0.2% urine
Element, 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% compound nucleotide, 0.05% photosynthetic micro- fertilizer, 0.01% Rare-earth elements nutrient solution, 20mg/L CPPU.
After the Queensland nut garden uses abovementioned technology, its production capacity is made to be restored to the water of its period of high birth in 2 years
It is flat, realize that average strain produces 12.8 kilograms of shell fruit of band or more, benefit improves 47%.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of solve the inefficient method of aged closing Queensland nut garden low yield, it is characterised in that: comprise the following specific steps that:
(1) bounce back heavy pruning, updates tree crown: in the fall after fruit harvest, in the ranks every 1 ~ 2 select good strains in the field for seed select in tree body thorax fruitful branch compared with
Less, peripheral branch carries out retraction heavy pruning compared with the old-age group tree of closing after fruit harvesting；The specific method of the retraction heavy pruning is:
Retraction heavy pruning is carried out to major branch, and selects and remain an auxiliary support branch at retraction, smears Wound-healing agent after heavy pruning on wound immediately,
And sunshade net wrapped to tree body, timely water drenching, to avoid the sun burn bark, promote wound healing, send out major branch again
Young sprout out；To spring in next year, by young sprout by " go it is weak stay it is strong, go it is close stay it is thin " principle remove, retain 3 on each major branch
~ 5 enriching shoots, long to 15-20 centimetres of the branch to be retained that gets off when, carry out pinching or light cutting back, branch are inspired, to cultivate new knot
Fruit branch and tree crown；After entering fruiting period, the remaining aged tree in orchard is subjected to retraction heavy pruning according to the above method and tree crown updates；
(2) innovation shoot group: the aged tree of the remaining heavy pruning that do not bounce back is carried out pruning, specifically to tree crown by pruning
The orthostatic skeleton branch group at peripheral top carries out blank trimming, and removes the excessive bough at the other positions of tree crown, retains oblique
Raw bough 4 ~ 6, the angle between bough maintains 60 ~ 90 degree；Wipe out deadwood, the sick branch, juxtaposition on oblique raw bough
Branch, descending branch and branch of growing thickly, retain its interior thorax fruitful branch, and take the principle of " weak branch is cut by force, and enriching shoot is weak to be cut " in due course, and culture is new
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster, so that thorax ventilation and penetrating light, branch are evenly distributed, are compact-sized in tree body；
(3) deep ploughing is improved the soil, and updates root system: after the completion of trimming, in the place apart from 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters of trunk according to " outside tree crown deeply
A bit, principle in tree crown shallowly " deep ploughs in orchard 1 time comprehensively, and depth is 20 ~ 25 centimetres, simultaneous to translate into fallen leaves under soil layer, then entirely
Spread fertilizer over the fields 10 ~ 15 kilograms of quick lime in garden；While deep ploughing, annular groove is excavated below tree crown drip and is uniformly increased fertilizer, ditch
Wide 20 ~ 25 centimetres, 30 ~ 35 centimetres of ditch depth, every plant is applied 25 ~ 35 kilograms of complex fertilizer, and earthing backfills and jams on having peace of mind after fertilizing；
(4) batch changes kind, and pre- plant updates: kind is changed using batch in aged Queensland nut garden inferior for kind or variety deterioration
Or the pre- method updated of planting carries out orchard transformation；The method that batch is changed kind is: on the basis of bouncing back heavy pruning, using taking out after heavy pruning
Raw young sprout grafts 2 ~ 3 florescences consistent good quality and high output new varieties by cleft graft in the tree body that each plant weight bounces back；In advance
Planting the method updated is: old after shaped trimming being directly planted in original kind florescence consistent 2 ~ triennial breeding seedlings
Tree is other, and veteran is just connected root after seedlings stable yields and is dug up；
(5) reasonable fertilizer and water management: rapid in inflorescence pumping phase, the florescence of thanking, fruit every year to improved aged tree and fruit setting tree
5 periods respectively increase 1 fertilizer after growth period, fruit oil content accumulation phase and fruit picking；The fertilizer that preceding 4 periods are increased is multiple
Hefei, dosage are 1 ~ 2 kilogram every plant, and method is applied for tree disk cave, more caves are a small amount of；After fruit picking, based on farmyard manure, match compound fertilizer
Paving fertilizer is carried out, method is that the fertilising of semi-circular ditch is dug under tree crown drip, and every plant of dose is 10 ~ 20 kilograms of rotted pig manure, cake
1 ~ 2 kilogram of fertilizer, 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram of compound fertilizer and 0.2 ~ 0.5 kilogram of quick lime；To the breeding seedlings of new plantation, sprouted in each branch
1 tip-promoting fertilizer and strong tip fertilizer are respectively applied before bud and during young sprout blade annesl respectively, every plant of fertilizer amount is 50 ~ 100 grams of urea, again
40 ~ 80 grams of Hefei and 20 ~ 50 grams of potassium chloride, method are tree disk ditch spread；Meanwhile 1 paving is carried out before spring summit of growth arrives
Fertilizer spreads fertile method referring to aged tree, and dose halves；In inflorescence pumping phase, florescence and fruit development period, water drenching is paid attention to, protect
Water holding point abundance, to guarantee normally to bloom, Pollination Fertilization and fruit development；
(6) flower and fruit protecting: foliage top dressing for flower, the feature of fruit puberty Queensland nut tree body nutrient supply deficiency, is being bloomed
First 1 week and thank spend after the 1st week and the 3rd week when respectively carry out 1 foliage top dressing, foliage top dressing method is to spray flower and fruit protecting blade face
Fertilizer should increase 0.2% borax when spraying before blooming；
(7) prevent and treat the disease pest plague of rats: the pest and disease damage different to Queensland nut carries out prediction, once pest and disease damage occurs, adopts in time
Take corresponding control measure, accomplish except it is early, except less, in addition to；The prevention and treatment that the plague of rats is carried out in the harvest season is placed in orchard and is killed rats
Device kills mouse in conjunction with rat poison is launched；Behind winter clear garden, full garden sprays a lime sulfur, kills overwintering disease pest source,
Reduce pest and disease damage.
2. a kind of inefficient method of solution aged closing Queensland nut garden according to claim 1 low yield, it is characterised in that:
Step (1) Wound-healing agent is formulated by the component of following mass fraction: 4 ~ 8% lime sulfurs or thiophanate methyl,
0.05 ~ 0.3% urea, 0.1 ~ 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01 ~ 0.1% Nafusaku, 50 ~ 60% calcium carbonate, 24 ~ 35% water, 8 ~
12% lard.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: step (1) Wound-healing agent is by following quality point
Several components are formulated: 5% lime sulfur or thiophanate methyl, 0.15% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% methyl α-naphthyl acetate
Sodium, 55% calcium carbonate, 30% water, 9.5% lard.
4. a kind of inefficient method of solution aged closing Queensland nut garden according to claim 1 low yield, it is characterised in that:
Containing 22 ~ 30 kilograms decomposed of organic fertilizer, 3 ~ 5 kilograms of compound fertilizer in step (3) complex fertilizer.
5. a kind of inefficient method of solution aged closing Queensland nut garden according to claim 1 or 4 low yield, feature exist
In: the compound fertilizer is chloro type compound fertilizer, N, P2O5、K2The mass content ratio of tri- kinds of nutrients of O is 15:5:15.
6. a kind of inefficient method of solution aged closing Queensland nut garden according to claim 1 low yield, it is characterised in that:
The formula of step (6) the flower and fruit protecting foliar fertilizer are as follows: in 1L water contain following quality proportioning component: 0.1 ~ 0.2% urea,
0.1 ~ 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 ~ 0.2% compound nucleotide, 0.01 ~ 0.05% photosynthetic micro- fertilizer, 0.01 ~ 0.1% rare earth nutrition
Liquid, 10 ~ 20mg/L CPPU.
7. a kind of inefficient method of solution old-age group closing Queensland nut garden low yield according to claim 1 or 6, feature exist
In the formula of step (6) the flower and fruit protecting foliar fertilizer are as follows: contain the component of following quality proportioning in 1L water: 0.15% urea,
0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% compound nucleotide, 0.02% photosynthetic micro- fertilizer, 0.05% Rare-earth elements nutrient solution, 15mg/L CPPU.
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