CN105742828B - Dual-polarized three-beam antenna and feed network device thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a dual-polarized three-beam antenna and a feed network device thereof. The dual-polarization three-beam antenna comprises a metal substrate, at least 4 rows of antenna arrays, a first polarization power divider and a second polarization power divider which are respectively equal to the number of the antenna arrays, and a first polarization Butler matrix feed network and a second polarization Butler matrix feed network, wherein each polarization Butler matrix feed network comprises a Butler matrix and a power divider, the Butler matrix comprises a first bridge, a second bridge, a third bridge, a first phase shifter and a second phase shifter. This antenna structure can form 3 fixed directional double polarization beams on the horizontal direction, forms a fixed directional double polarization beam in the vertical direction, and the overlap area is little between 3 beams of horizontal direction, thereby can increase equipment RRU quantity and increase data capacity, this double polarization three wave beam antenna, the data capacity of antenna itself has been increased, anti-interference effect is good, the stable performance, simple structure, light in weight, easily installation, can effectively reduce cost, satisfy venue or the regional demand of large tracts of land cover.

Description

Dual-polarized three-beam antenna and its feeding network device

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a dual-polarized three-beam antenna and a feeding network device for a mobile communication base station.

Background technique

With the rapid development of mobile communication technology and the sharp increase of mobile communication business volume, the coverage area of mobile communication network is constantly expanding and perfecting. And it becomes more and more important, the demand is larger and larger, and the beam form is required to be more and more complex.

Traditional base station antennas communicate by generating a fixed wide beam in the coverage area. Due to the continuous increase in communication traffic and the increase in coverage area, it is impossible to meet the demand for one antenna, and multi-faceted antennas are prone to interference. Cost It will also double, and it will not get very good results.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a dual-polarized three-beam antenna and its feeding network device, which has large capacity, good anti-interference effect, stable performance, simple structure, light weight, easy installation, can effectively reduce costs, meet Needs for venues or large coverage areas.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a feed network device for a dual-polarized three-beam antenna, including: the first and second two polarized Butler matrix feed networks with the same structure; The Butler matrix feed network includes a Butler matrix and a power divider, the Butler matrix includes a first bridge, a second bridge, a third bridge, a first phase shifter and a second phase shifter, the The first electric bridge, the second electric bridge and the third electric bridge each include two input ports and two output ports, and the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter each include an input port and an output port, wherein : The two input ports of the first electric bridge are respectively used as two input ports of the Butler matrix, and one input port of the second electric bridge is connected with one input port of the third electric bridge to form a Butler matrix Another input port of the first electric bridge; one output port of the first electric bridge is connected with another input port of the third electric bridge, and another output port of the first electric bridge is connected with another input port of the second electric bridge One of the output ports of the second electric bridge is used as the output port of the Butler matrix after the second phase shifter, and the other output port is directly used as the output port of the Butler matrix, and one of the output ports of the third electric bridge is passed through The first phase shifter is used as the output port of the Butler matrix port array, and the other output port is directly used as the output port of the Butler matrix; each output port of the Butler matrix is correspondingly connected to each input port of the power divider.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention also provides a dual-polarized three-beam antenna, including at least four antenna arrays, a first polarized power splitter, a second polarized power splitter, and the feeding network device as described above The number of the first polarized power splitter and the second polarized power splitter is equal to the column number of the antenna array respectively; the antenna array of each column includes at least two antenna radiation units, and the antenna radiation units include vertical A +45° polarization antenna unit and a -45° polarization antenna unit formed by crossing; the number of power distribution ports of each of the first polarization power splitters is not less than that of each antenna array The number of antenna units in the +45° polarization mode, the number of power distribution ports of each of the second polarized power splitters is not less than the number of antenna units in the -45° polarization mode in each antenna array; where , the power distribution ports of each of the first polarized power splitters are respectively electrically connected to the antenna elements of the +45° polarization mode in the same column antenna array, and the power of each of the second polarized power splitters The distribution ports are respectively electrically connected to the antenna elements of the -45° polarization mode in the same row of antenna arrays; the power combining ports of each of the first polarized power splitters are respectively connected to the first polarized Bart in the feed network device The power distribution port of the power divider of the Le matrix feed network is electrically connected, and the power combination port of each of the second polarized power dividers is respectively connected with the second polarized Butler matrix feed network in the feed network device. The power distribution port of the power divider is electrically connected.

Further, the dual-polarized three-beam antenna includes a metal substrate, each column of the antenna array is arranged on the upper surface of the metal substrate, and the first polarized power splitter and the second polarized power splitter are arranged on the metal substrate the lower surface.

Further, the number of power distribution ports of the power divider of the first polarization Butler matrix feed network in the feed network device is not less than the number of columns of the antenna array, and the second polarization in the feed network device The number of power distribution ports of the power divider of the Butler matrix feed network is not less than the number of columns of the antenna array.

Further, the structure of the first polarized power splitter and the second polarized power splitter is the same; the allocation of each power distribution port of each of the first polarized power splitter and the second polarized power splitter The power amplitudes are the same, and the distributed power of each adjacent power distribution port has the same phase difference, so that the vertical pattern of the antenna has the same inclination angle.

Further, the inclination angle is an up-inclination angle or a down-inclination angle, the value range of the up-inclination angle is 0°-30°, and the value range of the down-inclination angle is 0°-30°.

Further, the antenna arrays in each row are arranged in a straight line and arranged parallel to each other, and the two ends of all the antenna arrays are aligned with each other.

Further, the antenna arrays in each column are arranged in a straight line and arranged parallel to each other, the two ends of the antenna arrays in all odd columns are aligned with each other, and the two ends of the antenna arrays in all even columns are aligned with each other.

Further, the distance between two adjacent antenna arrays is 0.2λ-1.3λ, and the distance between two adjacent radiation elements in the same column of antenna arrays is 0.2λ-1.3λ, where λ represents The wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna working frequency band in the air.

Further, the antenna radiating elements in each column of the antenna array are arranged in a misaligned manner.

The dual-polarized three-beam antenna of the present invention can form three dual-polarized beams with fixed orientation in the horizontal direction and a single dual-polarized beam with fixed orientation in the vertical direction, and the interference between the three beams in the horizontal direction is small ,large capacity. The dual-polarized three-beam antenna made according to the technical solution of the present invention increases the data capacity of the antenna itself, has good anti-interference effect, stable performance, simple structure, light weight, easy installation, can effectively reduce costs, and meets the requirements of venues or large areas. coverage area needs.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a side view of the overall structure of a dual-polarized three-beam antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of the first embodiment of the dual-polarized three-beam antenna antenna array shown in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of a second embodiment of the dual-polarized three-beam antenna antenna array shown in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of a third embodiment of the dual-polarized three-beam antenna antenna array shown in Fig. 1 .

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna radiation unit in the dual-polarized three-beam antenna shown in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of network connection of the dual-polarized three-beam antenna shown in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the Butler matrix feeding network in the dual-polarized three-beam antenna shown in FIG. 1 .

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the dual-polarized three-beam antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes: a metal substrate 1 , an antenna array 2 , a polarized power splitter, and a feeding network device.

Specifically, the number of antenna arrays 2 is 4 or more, as shown in FIG. 2 , for example, the number of antenna arrays 2 in this embodiment of the present invention is 5 columns. The arrangement of the antenna array 2 can have at least the following situations:

(1) As shown in FIG. 2 , each antenna array 2 is arranged in a straight line and arranged parallel to each other, and both ends of all antenna arrays 2 are aligned with each other.

(2) As shown in Figure 3, each antenna array 2 is arranged in a straight line and arranged parallel to each other, the two ends of all odd-numbered antenna arrays 2 are aligned with each other, and the two ends of all even-numbered antenna arrays 2 are aligned with each other, and odd The two ends of the antenna array 2 in the column and the antenna array 2 in the even column are not aligned.

(3) As shown in FIG. 4 , the antenna radiation units 21 in each antenna array 2 are arranged in a misaligned manner.

In case (1) or (2), the distance between two adjacent antenna arrays 2 is 0.2λ-1.3λ, and the distance between two adjacent radiation elements in the same antenna array 2 is 0.2λ-1.3 λ, where λ represents the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the antenna operating frequency band in the air; The distance between adjacent antenna radiating elements 21 is 0.86λ. In case (3), the distance between two adjacent antenna arrays 2 and the distance between two adjacent radiation elements in the same antenna array 2 can be designed according to actual requirements.

Wherein, referring to FIG. 5, each antenna array 2 includes at least two antenna radiation units 21, and the antenna radiation unit 21 includes an antenna unit 211 of a +45° polarization mode and an antenna unit of a -45° polarization mode 212, wherein the antenna unit 211 in the +45° polarization mode and the antenna unit 212 in the -45° polarization mode are perpendicularly intersected to form a whole.

Further, referring to FIG. 6, the polarization power splitter includes two types, specifically including a first polarization power splitter 31 and a second polarization power splitter 32, and the number of the first polarization power splitter 31 The number of columns of the antenna array 2 is equal to that of the antenna array 2 , and the number of the second polarized power dividers 32 is also equal to the number of columns of the antenna array 2 . Wherein, the number of power distribution ports of each first polarization power divider 31 is not less than (including greater than or equal to) the number of antenna units 211 in the +45° polarization mode in each antenna array 2, and each second polarization The number of power distribution ports of the power divider 32 is not less than (including greater than or equal to) the number of antenna units 212 in the -45° polarization mode in each antenna array 2 . Corresponding to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , the antenna array 2 has 5 columns as an example, and the number of power distribution ports of the first polarized power splitter 31 and the second polarized power splitter 32 is equal to or greater than 5.

Preferably, the number of power distribution ports of each first polarized power splitter 31 is greater than the number of antenna elements 211 of +45° polarization mode in each column antenna array 2, and the power of each second polarized power splitter 32 The number of assigned ports is greater than the number of antenna units 212 in the -45° polarization mode in each antenna array 2 .

Its electrical connection relationship is as follows: the power distribution port of each first polarized power splitter 31 is electrically connected to the +45° polarized antenna unit 211 in the same row of antenna arrays 2, and each second polarized The power distribution ports of the power divider 32 are respectively electrically connected to the antenna units 212 in the -45° polarization mode in the same antenna array 2 .

The structures of the first polarized power splitter 31 and the second polarized power splitter 32 may generally be the same. The distribution power amplitude of each power distribution port of each first polarization power splitter 31 and the second polarization power splitter 32 is the same, and the distribution power of each adjacent power distribution port has the same phase difference, so that the antenna The vertical pattern has the same inclination angle, wherein the inclination angle is an uptilt angle or a downtilt angle, and the value range of the uptilt angle is 0°～30°, and the value range of the downtilt angle is 0°～30°. In an example, the downtilt angle can be selected as 6°. Of course, in other embodiments, the distribution power amplitude and phase of each power distribution port of each first polarized power splitter 31 and second polarized power splitter 32 may not necessarily be the same, and design according to actual needs .

In the actual installation structure, each antenna array 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the metal substrate 1 , and each first polarization splitter 31 and second polarization splitter 32 is arranged on the lower surface of the metal substrate 1 . Certainly, the feeding network device is also disposed on the lower surface of the metal substrate 1 , and its corresponding output ports are electrically connected to the power combining ports of the first polarized power splitter 31 and the second polarized power splitter 32 .

In a specific embodiment, please refer to FIG. 7 for details. The feeder network device includes first and second polarized Butler matrix feeder networks 41 and 42. The first polarized Butler matrix feeder network 41 It has the same structure as the second polarized Butler matrix feeding network 42 . For the convenience of description, only the first polarized Butler matrix feeder network 41 is described in detail, and the structure and working principle of the second polarized Butler matrix feeder network 42 are the same as those of the first polarized Butler matrix feeder network 41 , which will not be repeated here.

The first polarized Butler matrix feeding network 41 includes a Butler matrix 411 and a power divider 412 . Wherein, the Butler matrix 411 includes: a first bridge A1 , a second bridge A2 , a third bridge A3 , a first phase shifter C1 and a second phase shifter C2 .

The first bridge A1, the second bridge A2 and the third bridge A3 each include two input ports and two output ports, and the first phase shifter C1 and the second phase shifter C2 each include an input port and a output port.

The two input ports of the first electric bridge A1 are respectively used as two input ports P2 and P3 of the Butler matrix 411, one input port of the second electric bridge A2 (such as the second input port) and one input of the third electric bridge A3 Ports (such as the second input port) are connected together into one as another input port P1 of the Butler matrix 411 . The three input ports of the Butler matrix 411 are isolated from each other.

One output port (such as the first output port) of the first electric bridge A1 is connected with another input port (such as the first input port) of the third electric bridge A3, and another output port (such as the second output port) is connected to another input port (such as the first input port) of the second bridge A2.

One of the output ports (such as the second output port) of the second bridge A2 is used as the output port of the Butler matrix 411 after passing through the second phase shifter C2, and the other output port (such as the first output port) is directly used as the Butler matrix 411 One of the output ports of the third bridge A3 (such as the second output port) is used as the output port of the Butler matrix 411 port array after passing through the first phase shifter C1, and the other output port (such as the first output port) directly as the output port of the Butler matrix 411. In this embodiment, the definitions of the first output port, the second output port, the first input port and the second output port are for the convenience of description. In fact, the user can choose the corresponding appropriate port as the first or second input and output port. The ports are electrically connected.

Each output port of the Butler matrix 411 is correspondingly connected to each input port of the power divider 412 .

Wherein, the number of power distribution ports of the power splitter 412 is not less than the number of columns of the antenna array 2, and the power distribution ports of the power splitter 412 and the corresponding polarized power splitter (first polarized power splitter 31) The power combining port is electrically connected. Preferably, the number of power distribution ports of the power divider 412 is greater than the number of columns of the antenna array 2 .

Specifically, the power combination port of each first polarized power splitter 31 is electrically connected to a power distribution port of the power splitter 412 of the first polarized Butler matrix feed network 41 . Correspondingly, the power combination port of each second polarized power splitter 32 is electrically connected to one power distribution port of the power splitter of the second polarized Butler matrix feeding network 42 .

In an application embodiment, the Butler matrix 411 includes a power divider, and the power divider can specifically choose a one-to-two power divider B1, and the power combining port of the one-to-two power divider B1 serves as the Butler matrix The input port of 411, one power distribution port (such as the first power distribution port) of the one-to-two power divider B1 is connected to the second input port of the third electric bridge A3, and the other power distribution port (such as the second power distribution port) port) is connected to the second input port of the second bridge A2. Preferably, in the Butler matrix 411, the line length between the first output port of the first electric bridge A1 and the first input port of the third electric bridge A3 is the same as that between the second output port of the first electric bridge A1 and the second The line lengths between the first input ports of the electric bridge A2 are equal, and the line length between the first power distribution port of the one-two power divider B1 and the second input port of the third electric bridge A3 is equal to the one-two power The lengths of the lines between the second power distribution port of the splitter B1 and the second input port of the second bridge A2 are equal. Further, the line length between the first output port of the first electric bridge A1 and the first input port of the third electric bridge A3, the first The line lengths between the input ports are equal, the line length between the first power distribution port of the one-to-two power divider B1 and the second input port of the third bridge A3, and the second power of the one-to-two power divider B1 The lengths of the lines between the distribution port and the second input port of the second bridge A2 are all equal.

In the above embodiment, the electrical connection relationship among the first electric bridge A1, the second electric bridge A2, the third electric bridge A3 and the one-to-two power divider B1 includes direct electric connection or indirect electric connection, wherein, The meaning of the direct electrical connection relationship is as described in the literal meaning of the preceding text, while the meaning of the indirect electrical connection is implied in the literal meaning of the preceding text, specifically: the first electric bridge A1 is connected with the second electric bridge A2 and the third electric bridge respectively. Between the bridges A3, between the second bridge A2 and the third bridge A3 and the one-to-two power divider B1, phase shifters or mixers for adjusting parameters such as the phase of each feed signal can also be set. .

In summary, the overall electrical connection relationship of the present invention is as follows:

The input ports P1, P2, and P3 of the Butler matrix 411 are respectively connected to signal input cables; the second output port of the second bridge A2 is connected to the second phase shifter C2 through a PCB microstrip line or a coaxial cable as a Butler An output port of the Butler matrix 411, and the second output port of the third bridge A3 is connected to the first phase shifter C1 through a PCB microstrip line or a coaxial cable as an output port of the Butler matrix 411.

Each output port in the Butler matrix 411 port array can be connected to the main road of the antenna array 2 through a coaxial cable. Wherein, the antenna array 2 itself is a network with a phase, and each antenna radiation unit 21 in the same column antenna array 2 is electrically connected to the network, and the amplitude of each antenna radiation unit 21 on the antenna array 2 is close to the binomial distribution Yes, the phase can be determined according to the actual situation, wherein each antenna array 2 is formed by electrically connecting several power dividers Bn (n represents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6...).

When the input ports of the Butler matrix feed network are fed, the signal phases of the output ports show different linear changes. Therefore, when the input ports of the Butler matrix feed network are fed, the radiation beams in the horizontal direction of the antenna are different in direction, where the input port P1 produces a horizontal beam directed at 0°, and the input port P2 produces a horizontal beam directed at -30°. Port P3 produces a beam directed horizontally at +30°.

When the three ports of the first polarized Butler matrix feeder network 104 are simultaneously fed, the antenna produces three +45° polarized beams that are horizontally directed at 0°, ±30°, and tilted down by 6 degrees in the vertical direction; Similarly, when the three ports of the +45° polarized Butler matrix feed network are simultaneously fed, the antenna generates three -45° polarized beams that point horizontally at 0°, ±30°, and tilt down 6° in the vertical direction. . Therefore, when the 6 ports of the two Butler matrix feed networks are simultaneously fed, the antenna can produce 3 horizontal patterns pointing to 0°, ±30° and vertical patterns with 6° downtilt of ±45° dual Polarized 3 beams.

The dual-polarized three-beam antenna of the present invention can form three dual-polarized beams with fixed orientation in the horizontal direction and a single dual-polarized beam with fixed orientation in the vertical direction, and the interference between the three beams in the horizontal direction is small ,large capacity. The dual-polarized three-beam antenna made according to the technical solution of the present invention increases the data capacity of the antenna itself, has good anti-interference effect, stable performance, simple structure, light weight, easy installation, can effectively reduce costs, and meets the requirements of venues or large areas. coverage area needs.

In particular, it should be emphasized that the direction and beam width of the beams produced by the dual-polarized three-beam antenna of the present invention can be adjusted according to different requirements. The distance between the arrays, the number of radiating elements in each linear antenna array, the distance between adjacent radiating elements, the distribution power amplitude and phase of the power distribution port of the power divider, so as to adjust the beam pointing and width changes are also included in this paper. within the scope of invention protection. In addition, the modification of changing the number of horizontal beams by adjusting the number of feeding ports is also within the protection scope of the present invention.

The above is only the embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process conversion made by using the description of the present invention and the contents of the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly used in other related technical fields, All are included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention in the same way.

Claims (10)

1. A feeding network device of a dual-polarized three-beam antenna, characterized in that, comprising: The first and second polarized Butler matrix feed networks with the same structure; Each of the polarized Butler matrix feed networks includes a Butler matrix and a power divider, and the Butler matrix includes a first bridge, a second bridge, a third bridge, a first phase shifter and a second A phase shifter, the first bridge, the second bridge and the third bridge each include two input ports and two output ports, the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter each include an input port and an output port where: The two input ports of the first electric bridge are respectively used as two input ports of the Butler matrix, and one input port of the second electric bridge is connected with one input port of the third electric bridge to form a butler matrix. another input port; An output port of the first electric bridge is connected to another input port of the third electric bridge, and another output port of the first electric bridge is connected to another input port of the second electric bridge; One of the output ports of the second electric bridge is used as the output port of the Butler matrix after passing through the second phase shifter, and the other output port is directly used as the output port of the Butler matrix, and one of the output ports of the third electric bridge passes through the second phase shifter. One phase shifter is used as the output port of the Butler matrix, and the other output port is directly used as the output port of the Butler matrix; Each output port of the Butler matrix is correspondingly connected to each input port of the power divider. 2. A dual-polarized three-beam antenna, characterized in that it includes at least four antenna arrays, a first polarized power splitter, a second polarized power splitter, and the feeding network device as claimed in claim 1; The numbers of the first polarized power splitter and the second polarized power splitter are respectively equal to the number of columns of the antenna array; Each column of the antenna array includes at least two antenna radiating units, and the antenna radiating units include a +45° polarization antenna unit and a -45° polarization antenna unit vertically crossed to form one; The number of power distribution ports of each of the first polarized power splitters is not less than the number of antenna elements in the +45° polarization mode in each antenna array, and the power distribution of each of the second polarized power splitters The number of ports is not less than the number of antenna elements with -45° polarization in each antenna array; Wherein, the power distribution ports of each of the first polarized power splitters are respectively electrically connected to the antenna elements of the +45° polarization mode in the same column antenna array, and the power distribution ports of each of the second polarized power splitters The power distribution ports are electrically connected to the -45° polarization antenna elements in the same antenna array respectively; The power combining ports of each of the first polarized power splitters are respectively electrically connected to the power distribution ports of the power splitters of the first polarized Butler matrix feeder network in the feed network device, and each of the second The power combining ports of the polarized power splitter are respectively electrically connected with the power distribution ports of the power splitter of the second polarized Butler matrix feeding network in the feeding network device. 3. The dual-polarized three-beam antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dual-polarized three-beam antenna includes a metal substrate, the antenna array of each column is arranged on the upper surface of the metal substrate, and the first polarized power splitter and the second polarized power splitter are arranged on the lower surface of the metal substrate . 4. The dual-polarized three-beam antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of power distribution ports of the power divider of the first polarized Butler matrix feed network in the feed network device is not less than the number of columns of the antenna array, and the second polarized Butler matrix in the feed network device The number of power distribution ports of the power divider of the feed network is not less than the number of columns of the antenna array. 5. The dual-polarized three-beam antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first polarized power splitter and the second polarized power splitter have the same structure; The distribution power amplitudes of the power distribution ports of each of the first polarization power splitter and the second polarization power splitter are the same, and the distribution power of each adjacent power distribution port has the same phase difference, so that the antenna The vertical pattern has a same inclination. 6. The dual-polarized three-beam antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inclination angle is an upward inclination angle or a downward inclination angle, the value range of the upward inclination angle is 0°-30°, and the value range of the downward inclination angle is 0°-30°. 7. The dual-polarized three-beam antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The antenna arrays in each column are arranged in a straight line and arranged parallel to each other, and the two ends of all the antenna arrays are aligned with each other. 8. The dual-polarized three-beam antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The antenna arrays in each column are arranged in a straight line and arranged parallel to each other, the two ends of the antenna arrays in all odd columns are aligned with each other, and the two ends of the antenna arrays in all even columns are aligned with each other. 9. The dual-polarized three-beam antenna according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent antenna arrays is 0.2λ-1.3λ, and the distance between two adjacent radiation units in the same row of antenna arrays is 0.2λ-1.3λ, where λ represents the antenna working frequency band The center frequency corresponds to the wavelength in air. 10. The dual-polarized three-beam antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The antenna radiating units in each column of the antenna array are arranged in a misplaced position.