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CN105748174A - 非金属球头髋关节假体 - Google Patents

非金属球头髋关节假体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105748174A
CN105748174A CN201610325901.7A CN201610325901A CN105748174A CN 105748174 A CN105748174 A CN 105748174A CN 201610325901 A CN201610325901 A CN 201610325901A CN 105748174 A CN105748174 A CN 105748174A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
prosthesis
nonmetal
metal
femoral head
cup
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201610325901.7A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
周殿阁
刘念
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JIASITE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT (TIANJIN) CO Ltd
Original Assignee
JIASITE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT (TIANJIN) CO Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JIASITE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT (TIANJIN) CO Ltd filed Critical JIASITE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT (TIANJIN) CO Ltd
Priority to CN201610325901.7A priority Critical patent/CN105748174A/zh
Publication of CN105748174A publication Critical patent/CN105748174A/zh
Priority to US15/405,333 priority patent/US20170333192A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61L2430/24—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for joint reconstruction

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及医疗器械领域，尤其涉及非金属球头髋关节假体，包括髋臼杯假体，非金属股骨头假体及股骨柄假体，本发明将将原有的髋臼杯及内衬改为金属杯，同时将传统的金属或陶瓷球头改为带金属内芯的高交联聚乙烯球头。在保持原有的金属—聚乙烯关节面配伍的前提下，大大降低了髋臼杯的厚度，允许小直径臼杯时即可使用大直径的球头。在减少了部件之间连接的同时，大大降低了磨损机率，同时克服了传统全髋关节假体活动角度小、易脱位、髋臼侧去骨量大的缺点。

Description

非金属球头髋关节假体
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械领域，尤其涉及非金属球头髋关节假体。
背景技术
如图1所示，传统的全球全髋关节假体的结构由金属髋臼杯、聚乙烯内衬、股骨头和股骨柄组成，金属髋臼杯1和内衬2固定为一体，内衬2的内表面为内球面，股骨头3的外表面为与内衬2的内球面相适配的外球面，这样，通过股骨头3在内衬2内的转动，可以使髋关节假体具有一定的活动度，而由于为保证防止股骨头的移位，内衬设置为单侧凸出于金属髋臼杯。由于内衬的强度及磨损问题，内衬的厚度被要求设计为不低于5mm厚，这便极大地占用了股骨头的空间，尤其在使用小型号臼杯时。股骨头直径不得不设计的更小(如28mm)，或更小的22mm。这在减小接触面积增加磨损的同时，小直径的球头还有易发生脱位的可能，同时会影响关节假体的活动度，使得关节假体的动作范围不大于90°，如图2和图3，分别为传统全球全髋关节假体的两种活动极限状态示意图，而人体的生理髋关节的动作范围大于120°，远远满足不了人体需要。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术中存在的小直径球头、安装时去骨量多、磨损大、易脱位等不足，提供一种将关节界面对调的方法，将原有的内衬取消，代之以单纯的金属光滑内表面臼杯。而将原来的金属股骨头改为带金属内芯的高交联聚乙烯球头。这样臼杯的厚度大大减小，为增加球头的直径释放了空间，同时减少了髋臼侧安装时的去骨量。
本发明是通过以下技术方案予以实现：
非金属球头髋关节假体，其特征在于，包括髋臼杯假体，非金属股骨头假体及股骨柄假体.髋臼杯假体的内表面为内球面，非金属股骨头假体的外表面为与髋臼杯假体的内球面相适配的外球面，非金属股骨头假体在髋臼杯假体内转动，非金属股骨头假体内嵌有锥度内芯,股骨柄假体插入非金属股骨头假体内的锥度内芯实现锥度锁定连接。
所述股骨柄假体设有粗糙表面。
所述非金属股骨头假体为高交联聚乙烯材料。
所述非金属股骨头假体为聚醚醚酮材料。
所述锥度内芯为金属锥度内芯。
所述锥度内芯为陶瓷锥度内芯。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明将将原有的髋臼侧聚乙烯内衬取消，代之以单纯的金属光滑内表面臼杯。而将原来的金属股骨头改为带金属内芯的高交联聚乙烯球头。在减小臼杯厚度的同时，增加了球头的直径(尤其在小尺寸髋臼的病人仍可使用大直径球头假体)。达到了大直径球头、安装时保留髋臼侧骨量、降低磨损、防脱位等多项要求，同时增加了关节活动度。
附图说明
图1是传统全球全髋关节假体结构示意图。
图2是传统全球全髋关节假体一侧活动极限状态示意图。
图3是传统全球全髋关节假体另一侧活动极限状态示意图。
图4是本发明的主视结构示意图。
图5是本发明的极限活动状态示意图。
图中：1.金属髋臼杯，2.股骨头，3.内衬，4.股骨柄，5.髋臼杯假体，6.非金属股骨头假体，7.股骨柄假体，8.粗糙表面，9.锥度内芯。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和最佳实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
如图所示，本发明包括髋臼杯假体5，非金属股骨头假体6及股骨柄假体7，非金属股骨头假体及股骨柄假体.髋臼杯假体的内表面为内球面，非金属股骨头假体的外表面为与髋臼杯假体的内球面相适配的外球面，非金属股骨头假体在髋臼杯假体内转动，非金属股骨头假体内嵌有锥度内芯,股骨柄假体插入非金属股骨头假体内的锥度内芯实现锥度锁定连接。
锥度内芯优选为金属锥度内芯或陶瓷锥度内芯。
如图5所示为本发明的非金属球头髋关节假体两侧的活动极限状态示意图，由于内衬和股骨头合二为一，不必将内衬设置单侧凸出于金属髋臼杯，消除了对关节假体活动角度的限制。
本发明将将原有的内衬和股骨头合二为一，减少了部件之间的连接，大大降低了磨损机率，同时克服了传统全髋关节假体活动角度小的缺点。
非金属股骨头假体的材料为高耐磨非金属材料，优选的为高交联聚乙烯材料或聚醚醚酮材料。
为保证关节假体植入后的稳定性，还可以在股骨柄假体设有粗糙表面8。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.非金属球头髋关节假体，其特征在于，包括髋臼杯假体，非金属股骨头假体及股骨柄假体.髋臼杯假体的内表面为内球面，非金属股骨头假体的外表面为与髋臼杯假体的内球面相适配的外球面，非金属股骨头假体在髋臼杯假体内转动，非金属股骨头假体内嵌有锥度内芯,股骨柄假体插入非金属股骨头假体内的锥度内芯实现锥度锁定连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的非金属球头髋关节假体，其特征在于，所述股骨柄假体设有粗糙表面。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的非金属球头髋关节假体，其特征在于，所述非金属股骨头假体为高交联聚乙烯材料。
4.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的非金属球头髋关节假体，其特征在于，所述非金属股骨头假体为聚醚醚酮材料。
5.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的非金属球头髋关节假体，其特征在于，所述锥度内芯为金属锥度内芯。
6.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的非金属球头髋关节假体，其特征在于，所述锥度内芯为陶瓷锥度内芯。
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