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WO2020155376A1 - 关节窝假体及具有其的关节假体 - Google Patents

关节窝假体及具有其的关节假体 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020155376A1
WO2020155376A1 PCT/CN2019/081495 CN2019081495W WO2020155376A1 WO 2020155376 A1 WO2020155376 A1 WO 2020155376A1 CN 2019081495 W CN2019081495 W CN 2019081495W WO 2020155376 A1 WO2020155376 A1 WO 2020155376A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
joint
inner liner
groove
outer cup
communication channel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/081495
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张卫平
Original Assignee
北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司 filed Critical 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司
Priority to JP2020552714A priority Critical patent/JP7065999B2/ja
Priority to US16/957,124 priority patent/US11291550B2/en
Priority to EP19912506.3A priority patent/EP3868341B1/en
Publication of WO2020155376A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020155376A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/34—Acetabular cups
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30383—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by laterally inserting a protrusion, e.g. a rib into a complementarily-shaped groove
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30476—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism
    • A61F2002/305—Snap connection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30581—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for having a pocket filled with fluid, e.g. liquid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30621—Features concerning the anatomical functioning or articulation of the prosthetic joint
    • A61F2002/30649—Ball-and-socket joints
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30667—Features concerning an interaction with the environment or a particular use of the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/30673—Lubricating means, e.g. synovial pocket
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30667—Features concerning an interaction with the environment or a particular use of the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/30673—Lubricating means, e.g. synovial pocket
    • A61F2002/30675—Means for regulating synovial fluid pressure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2002/30934—Special articulating surfaces
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/3094—Designing or manufacturing processes
    • A61F2002/30985—Designing or manufacturing processes using three dimensional printing [3DP]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/34—Acetabular cups
    • A61F2002/3401—Acetabular cups with radial apertures, e.g. radial bores for receiving fixation screws
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/34—Acetabular cups
    • A61F2002/3443—Acetabular cups with an anti-luxation elevated rim portion, e.g. on the inner shell
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/34—Acetabular cups
    • A61F2002/3469—Acetabular cups with non-radial inner bores or canals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of artificial joint implants, in particular to a joint prosthesis and a joint prosthesis having the same.
  • Total hip replacement has been quite popular in the field of artificial joints, but most of the existing products use ceramic or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene for acetabular lining prostheses. Not to mention that the hardness of ceramics even if polyethylene is It is much higher than the hardness of the human physiological acetabular cartilage tissue, which causes the patient's walking feeling after rehabilitation to be far from the preoperative proprioception.
  • the present invention aims to provide a joint socket prosthesis and a joint prosthesis with the joint prosthesis, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that the lack of effective lubrication on the friction surface of the artificial joint causes the joint material to wear quickly and cause the artificial joint to fail earlier.
  • a joint prosthesis which is arranged in a target bone.
  • the joint socket prosthesis includes an outer cup and an inner liner.
  • the outer cup is arranged in the target bone and the inner liner is arranged outside
  • the outer cup is provided with a first communication channel communicating with the joint capsule, the inlet of the first communication channel is arranged on the surface of the outer cup exposed in the joint capsule, and the outlet of the first communication channel is arranged on the outer cup in contact with the inner liner
  • the inner liner is provided with a second communication channel communicating with the joint capsule, part of the inlet of the second communication channel is provided on the surface of the inner liner exposed in the joint capsule, and part of the inlet of the second communication channel is provided in the outer cup
  • the outlet of the second communication channel is arranged on the surface where the inner liner is in contact with the matched joint head structure, and the second communication channel can guide synovial fluid to
  • the first communication channel includes a first tubular channel and a first groove-shaped channel.
  • the first tubular channel is arranged in the outer cup.
  • the entrance of the first tubular channel is arranged on the surface of the outer cup exposed to the joint capsule.
  • the channel is arranged on the inner surface of the outer cup, at least part of the outlet of the first tubular channel is arranged in the first groove-shaped channel
  • the second communication channel includes a second tubular channel, the second tubular channel is arranged in the inner liner, and the second tubular channel
  • the inlet of the inner liner is arranged on the surface of the inner liner exposed in the joint capsule and the surface of the outer cup in contact with the inner liner
  • the outlet of the second tubular channel is arranged on the surface of the inner liner in contact with the matched joint head structure.
  • the first groove-shaped channel includes a first groove
  • the inner liner is provided with a clamping convex part that matches the first groove.
  • the clamping convex part extends into In the first groove and snap fit.
  • an overflow gap is provided between the clamping convex portion and the first groove to communicate the first communication channel and the second communication channel.
  • first groove-shaped passage further includes a plurality of second grooves, and the plurality of second grooves are radially arranged on the inner surface of the outer cup and communicate with the first grooves.
  • the entrance of the second groove is provided on the surface of the outer cup exposed in the joint capsule.
  • the second communication passage further includes a second groove-shaped passage provided on the outer surface of the inner liner, the second groove-shaped passage includes a third groove provided on the clamping convex portion, and part of the entrance of the second communication passage Set on the third groove.
  • the second groove-shaped channel further includes a fourth groove, the fourth groove and the third groove are spaced apart, and part of the entrance of the second communication channel is provided on the fourth groove
  • the outlet of a part of the second communication channel arranged on the surface of the inner liner in contact with the adapted joint head structure is provided with a containing pool, and the opening diameter of the containing pool is larger than the opening diameter of the outlet of the second communication channel.
  • the joint socket prosthesis is an acetabular prosthesis, and the entrance of the first communication channel is arranged on the end surface of the outer cup.
  • the outer cup is made of ceramic or metal material
  • the inner liner is made of elastic polymer material.
  • the inner liner is made of a transparent material, and the second communication channel is formed by femtosecond laser engraving technology.
  • the outer cup is manufactured using metal and ceramic 3D printing technology to facilitate obtaining the first tubular channel with spatial bending characteristics, and the first groove and second groove and other structures can also be obtained by 3D printing technology or later mechanical cutting. .
  • the outer cup is manufactured by a metal and ceramic molding sintering method to facilitate obtaining the first tubular channel with spatial bending characteristics.
  • the first groove and the second groove can also be obtained by molding sintering or later mechanical cutting.
  • the inner liner is made of transparent elastic polymer material, and the second communication channel is formed by femtosecond laser engraving technology.
  • a joint prosthesis which is arranged between a first bone and a second bone that can move relative to each other.
  • the joint prosthesis includes a joint socket prosthesis and a joint head prosthesis.
  • the joint socket prosthesis The joint head prosthesis is set on the first bone, the joint head prosthesis is set on the second bone, and the joint socket prosthesis is the aforementioned joint socket prosthesis.
  • the outer cup and the inner liner are respectively two parts and are combined to form a joint socket prosthesis, so that the outer cup and the inner liner can be made of different materials, which is beneficial to meet the requirements of the outer cup and the patient’s bones. Fixing effect and reduce the wear between the inner liner and the joint head.
  • the inlet of the first communication channel on the outer cup is arranged on the surface of the outer cup exposed in the joint capsule and connected to the second communication channel, and the inlet of the second communication channel on the inner liner is arranged on the surface of the inner liner exposed in the joint capsule And guide the synovial fluid in the joint capsule to the contact surface between the lining and the joint head structure, so that the contact surface between the lining and the matching joint head structure can be fully lubricated, reducing the lining and The wear rate of the joint head structure ensures the service life of the joint socket prosthesis and reduces the frequency of patients' operations.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a joint socket prosthesis according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of the outer cup of the joint socket prosthesis of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of the outer cup of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 shows a structural schematic diagram of the inner lining of the joint socket prosthesis of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic sectional view of the structure of the inner liner of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a joint prosthesis according to the present invention.
  • the joint socket prosthesis of the present application can be applied to joints with relative rotation and sliding such as shoulder joints and hip joints.
  • the joint prosthesis of this embodiment is an acetabular prosthesis and can be set in the hip bone to replace the patient's native acetabulum.
  • the synovial membrane in the joint capsule secretes synovial fluid to reduce friction between the connected bones in the joint.
  • the joint socket prosthesis of this embodiment includes an outer cup 10 and an inner lining 20.
  • the outer cup 10 is arranged in the target bone (which may be a hip bone), the inner lining 20 is arranged in the outer cup 10, and the joint ball head It can be movably arranged in the inner liner 20.
  • the outer cup 10 is provided with a first communication channel communicating with the joint capsule, the inlet of the first communication channel is provided on the surface of the outer cup 10 exposed in the joint capsule, and the outlet of the first communication channel is provided on the outer cup 10 and the inner liner 20 On the contact surface.
  • the inner liner 20 is provided with a second communication channel communicating with the joint capsule, and part of the inlet of the second communication channel is provided on the outer surface of the inner liner 20 opposite to the outer cup 10 and communicates with the first communication channel.
  • the inlet of the second communication channel is arranged on the surface of the inner liner 20 exposed in the joint capsule, and the outlet of the second communication channel is arranged on the inner surface of the inner liner 20 in contact with the matched joint ball head structure.
  • the outer cup 10 and the inner lining 20 are respectively two parts and combined to form a joint prosthesis, so that the outer cup 10 and the inner lining 20 can be made of different materials and formed separately, which is beneficial to meet the requirements of the outer cup
  • the fixation effect between 10 and the patient's bone and the reduction of wear between the inner lining 20 and the joint head is beneficial to meet the requirements of the outer cup.
  • the entrance of the first communication channel on the outer cup 10 is arranged on the surface of the outer cup 10 exposed in the joint capsule and connected to the second communication channel, and the entrance of the second communication channel on the inner liner 20 is arranged on the inner liner 20 to expose the joint And guide the synovial fluid in the joint capsule to the contact surface between the liner 20 and the joint head structure, so that the contact surface between the liner 20 and the corresponding joint head structure can be fully Lubrication reduces the wear rate of the inner lining 20 and the joint head structure, ensures the service life of the joint socket prosthesis, and reduces the frequency of patient revision operations.
  • the outer cup 10 of the present embodiment is made of metal materials through 3D printing technology to ensure the hardness of the outer cup 10, and at the same time, it is easy to form a porous structure on the outer surface of the outer cup 10, which helps to fix the patient's bones and has a certain structure.
  • the first communication channel with space bending characteristics can also be made of medical materials such as ceramics, or can be processed by technical means such as mechanical cutting, compression molding and sintering.
  • the inner liner 20 of this embodiment is made of an elastic polymer material to ensure its elasticity.
  • medical materials such as polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol gel, and polylactic acid can be selected. Since the inner liner 20 is provided with a second communication channel, under the action of the force generated when the patient moves, the inner liner 20 can be deformed or restored under pressure to form a function similar to a pump and slide the hydraulic pressure into the contact surface or actively The second communication channel is sucked to improve the lubrication effect between the inner liner 20 and the ball head.
  • this pumping effect can also act on the first communication passage through the deformation of the inner lining 20 to provide the first communication passage with positive and negative pressure for sucking or squeezing out synovial fluid, thereby improving the lubrication effect between the outer cup 10 and the inner lining 20 .
  • the inner liner 20 of this embodiment is made of a transparent material
  • the second communication channel is formed by femtosecond laser engraving technology.
  • the joint socket prosthesis of this embodiment can engrave a pre-designed pathway in a transparent polyurethane material through a femtosecond laser engraving process, while ensuring the permeability of the pathway, the mechanical properties of the lining, and the synovial fluid on the contact surface. On the distribution, improve the lubrication effect.
  • the first communication channel of this embodiment includes a first tubular channel 11 and a first groove-shaped channel.
  • the first tubular channel 11 is provided in the outer cup 10.
  • the outer surface of the outer cup 10 is covered by the hip bone bed, and the inner surface is covered by the inner liner 20, so the first tubular channel inlet 15 is provided on the outer cup end surface 17 to be exposed in the joint capsule so that synovial fluid can enter the first tubular channel 11.
  • the cross section of the first tubular passage 11 in this embodiment is a circle with a diameter greater than or equal to 0.5 mm. In other embodiments not shown, the cross section of the first communication passage may not be a circle or even a regular pattern.
  • the equivalent circle diameter should also be greater than or equal to 0.5mm (here, the equivalent circle diameter refers to the diameter of a circle with the same area as an irregular figure).
  • the first groove-shaped channel includes a first groove 12, which is annularly arranged on the inner spherical surface of the outer cup 10, and a plurality of first tubular channel outlets 16 are arranged in the first The bottom of the groove 12 and the first tubular passage outlet 18 are arranged on the inner spherical surface of the outer cup 10.
  • the inner lining 20 is provided with a snap-fitting convex portion 22 that is adapted to the first groove 12. When the outer cup 10 and the inner lining 20 are assembled, the snap-fitting convex portion 22 extends into the first groove 12 to make The outer cup 10 and the inner liner 20 are mutually locked to prevent the inner liner 20 from retreating and coming out.
  • the first groove-shaped channel of this embodiment further includes a plurality of second grooves 13, and the plurality of second grooves 13 are radially arranged on the inner surface of the outer cup 10 and are connected with the first grooves.
  • the slots 12 are connected.
  • the second groove inlet 14 is arranged on the end surface 17 of the outer cup. Synovial fluid can enter the first tubular passage 11 from the first tubular passage inlet 15 and enter the second groove 13 through the first tubular passage outlet 16 and the first groove 12, or it can enter the second groove 13 directly from the second groove entrance 14.
  • Two grooves 13 Two grooves 13.
  • the second communication channel of this embodiment includes a second tubular channel 21, the second tubular channel 21 is provided in the inner liner 20, after the inner liner 20 is implanted in the patient, the inner liner 20
  • the outer surface is covered by the outer cup 10 and the inner surface is covered by the joint ball head, so the second tubular channel inlet 26 is provided on the inner liner end surface 27 to be exposed in the joint capsule so that synovial fluid can enter the second tubular channel 21.
  • the outlet of the second tubular passage is arranged on the inner surface of the inner liner 20 that contacts the matched joint ball head.
  • the second communication channel is also provided with an inlet on the contact surface of the inner liner 20 and the outer cup 10, so that the second communication channel can guide the synovial fluid in the first communication channel to the inner liner.
  • the second communication passage further includes a second groove-shaped passage provided on the outer surface of the inner liner 20, the second groove-shaped passage includes a third groove 23 and a fourth groove 24, and the third groove 23 is arranged in On the engaging convex portion 22, the fourth groove 24 and the third groove 23 are arranged at intervals on the outer surface of the inner liner 20, and the entrance of the second communication channel toward the outer cup 10 is arranged in the third groove 23 and the fourth groove.
  • the synovial fluid in the second groove 13 can enter the second communication channel through the fourth groove 24, and then coat the contact surface between the inner liner 20 and the joint ball head.
  • the cross section of the inner liner 20 toward the entrance of the outer cup 10 in this embodiment is a circle with a diameter between 0.05 mm and 3 mm. In other embodiments not shown, the cross section of the inner liner toward the entrance of the outer cup 10 may be If it is not a circle or even a regular figure, its equivalent circle diameter should also be between 0.05mm and 3mm.
  • an overflow gap is formed between the latching protrusion 22 and the first groove 12 in this embodiment, and the synovial fluid enters through the first tubular channel 11
  • the flow gap enters the second communication channel through the opening on the third groove 23, and then coats the contact surface between the inner liner 20 and the joint ball head to achieve a lubricating effect.
  • a receiving pool 25 is provided on the inner surface of the inner liner 20 in contact with the joint ball head.
  • the receiving pool 25 is connected to the outlet of the second communication channel facing the joint ball head.
  • the opening diameter of the receiving pool 25 is larger than the second communication channel.
  • the opening diameter of the outlet is such that synovial fluid can be stored in the holding tank 25.
  • the cross section of the inner liner 20 facing the outlet of the joint ball head of the present embodiment is a circle with a diameter between 0.03 mm and 1.5 mm
  • the opening of the receiving pool 25 is a circle with a diameter between 0.05 mm and 2 mm.
  • the cross section of the inner liner toward the outlet of the ball head may not be circular or even regular, and its equivalent circular diameter should also be between 0.03 mm and 1.5 mm.
  • the equivalent circle diameter of the opening of the holding tank should be between 0.05mm and 2mm.
  • the joint socket prosthesis of this embodiment adopts a transparent polymer material with hardness and elasticity parameters similar to that of human cartilage, which makes the patient feel stronger and more comfortable in walking after rehabilitation.
  • the acetabulum inner lining and acetabular outer cup are arranged
  • the first communication channel and the second communication channel for conveying joint synovial fluid can effectively convey the joint synovial fluid to the friction interface.
  • the present application also provides a joint prosthesis.
  • the joint prosthesis of this embodiment is a hip joint prosthesis and can be set between the femur and the hip bone.
  • the joint prosthesis of this embodiment includes a joint socket prosthesis and a joint head prosthesis, the joint socket prosthesis is arranged on the hip bone, and the joint head prosthesis is arranged on the femur.
  • the joint socket prosthesis is a joint socket prosthesis that includes some or all of the above technical features and specifically includes an outer cup 10 and an inner liner 20.
  • the joint head prosthesis includes a ball head 30 and a femoral stem 40.
  • the stem 40 can be implanted in the femur 50 of a patient.
  • the joint prosthesis of this embodiment has the advantages of sufficient lubrication, not easy to wear, and long service life.
  • the outer cup and the inner liner are respectively two parts and are combined to form a joint socket prosthesis, so that the outer cup and the inner liner can be made of different materials, which is beneficial to satisfy the fixing effect between the outer cup and the patient's bones and reduce the difference between the inner liner and the inner liner. Wear between joint heads.
  • the inlet of the first communication channel on the outer cup is arranged on the surface of the outer cup exposed in the joint capsule and connected to the second communication channel, and the inlet of the second communication channel on the inner liner is arranged on the surface of the inner liner exposed in the joint capsule And guide the synovial fluid in the joint capsule to the contact surface between the lining and the joint head structure, so that the contact surface between the lining and the matching joint head structure can be fully lubricated, reducing the lining and The wear rate of the joint head structure ensures the service life of the joint socket prosthesis and reduces the frequency of patient revision operations.

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Abstract

一种关节窝假体，包括外杯（10）和内衬（20），外杯（10）设置在目标骨骼中，内衬（20）设置在外杯（10）中，关节头结构能够可活动地设置在内衬（20）中，外杯（10）上设置有与关节囊相连通的第一连通通道，内衬（20）上设置有与关节囊相连通的第二连通通道，第一连通通道与第二连通通道相连通以将滑液引导至内衬（20）与关节头结构之间的接触面上。该关节窝假体能解决现有技术中人工关节的摩擦面上缺乏有效润滑导致关节材料磨损速度快导致人工关节较早失效的问题。还包括具有上述关节窝假体的关节假体。

Description

关节窝假体及具有其的关节假体 技术领域
本发明涉及人工关节植入物领域，具体而言，涉及一种关节窝假体及具有其的关节假体。
背景技术
在人工关节领域全髋关节置换已经相当普及，但在现有的产品中绝大多数的髋臼内衬假体使用的是陶瓷或者超高分子量聚乙烯，莫说陶瓷即便是聚乙烯其硬度也要远高于人体生理髋臼软骨组织的硬度，这也就导致患者在康复后行走的感觉与术前的本体感觉对比相去甚远。有极少数业内机构也曾尝试使用与人体自然生理软骨具有近似硬度和弹性的聚合物材料(例如聚氨酯、聚乙烯醇凝胶、聚乳酸)作为关节摩擦面，虽然在耐磨性能以及力学性能方面都能达到要求，但由于其具有良好的变形能力，在受到加压载荷后其摩擦面与对侧的关节假体摩擦面(通常为陶瓷或硬质金属)形成紧密贴合从而使得关节滑液无法维持在关节摩擦面之间的完整覆盖，由此造成摩擦面部分甚或大部缺乏有效润滑最终导致聚合物材料的快速磨损而失效。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种关节窝假体及具有其的关节假体，以解决现有技术中人工关节的摩擦面上缺乏有效润滑导致关节材料磨损速度快导致人工关节较早失效的问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种关节窝假体，设置在目标骨骼中，关节窝假体包括外杯和内衬，外杯设置在目标骨骼中，内衬设置在外杯中，外杯上设置有与关节囊相连通的第一连通通道，第一连通通道的入口设置在外杯暴露在关节囊内的表面上，第一连通通道的出口设置在外杯与内衬接触的表面上；内衬上设置有与关节囊相连通的第二连通通道，部分第二连通通道的入口设置在内衬暴露在关节囊内的表面上，部分第二连通通道的入口设置在外杯与内衬接触的表面上并与第一连通通道相连通，第二连通通道的出口设置在内衬与相适配的关节头结构接触的表面上，第二连通通道能够将滑液引导至内衬与关节头结构之间的接触面上。
进一步地，第一连通通道包括第一管状通道和第一槽状通道，第一管状通道设置在外杯中，第一管状通道的入口设置在外杯暴露在关节囊内的表面上，第一槽状通道设置在外杯的内表面上，至少部分第一管状通道的出口设置在第一槽状通道中，第二连通通道包括第二管状通道，第二管状通道设置在内衬中，第二管状通道的入口设置在内衬暴露在关节囊内的表面上以及外杯与内衬接触的表面上，第二管状通道的出口设置在内衬与相适配的关节头结构接触的表面上。
进一步地，第一槽状通道包括第一凹槽，内衬上设置有与第一凹槽相适配的卡接凸部， 在外杯与内衬装配完成的情况下，卡接凸部伸入第一凹槽中并卡接配合。
进一步地，卡接凸部与第一凹槽之间设有过流间隙，以连通第一连通通道和第二连通通道。
进一步地，第一槽状通道还包括多个第二凹槽，多个第二凹槽呈放射状设置在外杯的内表面上并与第一凹槽相连通。
进一步地，第二凹槽的入口设置在外杯暴露在关节囊内的表面上。
进一步地，第二连通通道还包括设置在内衬的外表面上的第二槽状通道，第二槽状通道包括设置在卡接凸部上的第三凹槽，部分第二连通通道的入口设置在第三凹槽上。
进一步地，第二槽状通道还包括第四凹槽，第四凹槽与第三凹槽间隔设置，部分第二连通通道的入口设置在第四凹槽上
进一步地，设置在内衬与相适配的关节头结构接触的表面上的部分第二连通通道的出口设置有容纳池，容纳池的开口直径大于该第二连通通道的出口的开口直径。
进一步地，关节窝假体为髋臼假体，第一连通通道的入口设置在外杯的端面上。
进一步地，外杯由陶瓷或金属材料制成，内衬由弹性聚合物材料制成。
进一步地，内衬由透明材料制成，第二连通通道通过飞秒激光内雕技术形成。
进一步地，外杯采用金属及陶瓷3D打印技术制造以方便获得具有空间弯曲特性的第一管状通道，其第一凹槽和第二凹槽等结构亦可以通过3D打印技术或者后期机械切削加工得到。
进一步地，外杯采用金属及陶瓷模压烧结方法制造以方便获得具有空间弯曲特性的第一管状通道，其第一凹槽和第二凹槽等结构亦可以通过模压烧结或者后期机械切削加工得到。
进一步地，内衬由透明的弹性聚合物材料制成，第二连通通道通过飞秒激光内雕技术形成。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种关节假体，设置在能够相对运动的第一骨骼和第二骨骼之间，关节假体包括关节窝假体和关节头假体，关节窝假体设置在第一骨骼上，关节头假体设置在第二骨骼上，关节窝假体为上述的关节窝假体。
应用本发明的技术方案，外杯和内衬分别为两个部件并组合形成关节窝假体，以使外杯和内衬可采用不同材质分别制作成型，有利于满足外杯与患者骨骼间的固定效果以及减轻内衬与关节头之间的磨损。外杯上的第一连通通道的入口设置在外杯暴露在关节囊内的表面上并与第二连通通道相连，内衬上的第二连通通道的入口设置在内衬暴露在关节囊内的表面上，并将关节囊内滑液引导至内衬与关节头结构之间的接触面上，使内衬以及相适配的关节头结构之间的接触面能够得到充分的润滑，降低内衬以及关节头结构的磨损速度，保证关节窝假体的使用寿命，降低患者手术频率。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的关节窝假体的实施例的结构示意图；
图2示出了图1的关节窝假体的外杯的结构示意图；
图3示出了图2的外杯的剖视结构示意图；
图4示出了图1的关节窝假体的内衬的结构示意图；
图5示出了图4的内衬的剖视结构示意图；以及
图6示出了根据本发明的关节假体的实施例的结构示意图。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
10、外杯；11、第一管状通道；12、第一凹槽；13、第二凹槽；14、第二凹槽入口；15、第一管状通道入口；16、第一管状通道出口；17、外杯端面；18、第一管状通道出口；20、内衬；21、第二管状通道；22、卡接凸部；23、第三凹槽；24、第四凹槽；25、容纳池；26、第二管状通道入口；27、内衬端面；30、球头；40、股骨柄；50、股骨。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
本申请的关节窝假体可以应用在如肩关节、髋关节等具有相对转动、滑动的关节中。本实施例关节窝假体是一种髋臼假体，并能够设置在髋骨中替代患者原生髋臼。具体地，关节的周围有结缔组织构成膜囊密封关节腔，该膜囊被称为关节囊。关节囊内有滑膜分泌滑液以减少关节中相连骨之间的摩擦。如图1所示，本实施例的关节窝假体包括外杯10和内衬20，外杯10设置在目标骨骼(可以为髋骨)中，内衬20设置在外杯10中，关节球头能够可活动地设置在内衬20中。外杯10上设置有与关节囊相连通的第一连通通道，第一连通通道的入口设置在外杯10暴露在关节囊内的表面上，第一连通通道的出口设置在外杯10与内衬20接触的表面上。内衬20上设置有与关节囊相连通的第二连通通道，其中，部分第二连通通道的入口设置在内衬20与外杯10相对的外表面上并与第一连通通道相连通，部分第二连通通道的入口设置在内衬20暴露在关节囊内的表面上，第二连通通道的出口设置在内衬20与相适配的关节球头结构接触的内表面上。
应用本实施例的技术方案，外杯10和内衬20分别为两个部件并组合形成关节窝假体，以使外杯10和内衬20可采用不同材质分别制作成型，有利于满足外杯10与患者骨骼间的固定效果以及减轻内衬20与关节头之间的磨损。外杯10上的第一连通通道的入口设置在外杯10暴露在关节囊内的表面上并与第二连通通道相连，内衬20上的第二连通通道的入口设置在内衬20暴露在关节囊内的表面上，并将关节囊内滑液引导至内衬20与关节头结构之间的接触面上，使内衬20以及相适配的关节头结构之间的接触面能够得到充分的润滑，降低内衬20 以及关节头结构的磨损速度，保证关节窝假体的使用寿命，降低患者翻修手术的频率。
优选地，本实施例的外杯10由金属材料通过3D打印技术制成以保证外杯10的硬度，同时容易在外杯10外表面形成多孔结构等有助于与患者骨骼固定的结构以及具有一定空间弯曲特性的第一连通通道。在其他未示出的实施例中，外杯也可以由陶瓷等医用材料制成，也可以通过机械切削、模压烧结等技术手段加工得到。
优选地，本实施例的内衬20由弹性聚合物材料制成以保证其弹性，具体地可选用聚氨酯、聚乙烯醇凝胶、聚乳酸等医用材料。由于内衬20中设置有第二连通通道，在患者运动时产生的力的作用下，内衬20能够受压变形或失压复原以形成类似于泵的作用并将滑液压入接触面或主动吸入第二连通通道，提高内衬20与球头之间的润滑效果。并且这种泵效应也能通过内衬20的形变作用于第一连通通道，为第一连通通道提供吸入或挤出滑液的正负压力，提高外杯10和内衬20之间的润滑效果。
进一步优选地，本实施例的内衬20由透明材料制成，第二连通通道通过飞秒激光内雕技术形成。目前所进行的各种试验中也有些案例试图得到一种多孔的聚合物结构以方便关节滑液的存储与输送，但此类设计大都围绕于冻干法、发泡法或烧结法等工艺，这些方法仅能得到随机无序的单一结构多孔材料且无法保证所有孔隙的通透性，对其内部的力学特性亦无法进行有效设计与控制。而本实施例的关节窝假体可以在透明的聚氨酯材料中通过飞秒激光内雕工艺雕刻出预先设计好的通路，同时保证通路的通透性、内衬的力学特性以及滑液在接触面上的分布，提高润滑效果。
如图2和图3所示，本实施例的第一连通通道包括第一管状通道11和第一槽状通道，第一管状通道11设置在外杯10中，在外杯10植入患者体内后，外杯10的外表面被髋骨骨床覆盖、内表面被内衬20覆盖，因此第一管状通道入口15设置在外杯端面17上，以暴露在关节囊内使滑液能够进入第一管状通道11。本实施例的第一管状通道11的横截面为直径大于或者等于0.5mm的圆形，在其他未示出的实施例中，第一连通通道的横截面可能不是圆形甚至可能不是规则图形，其等效圆直径也应大于或者等于0.5mm(这里的等效圆直径指指一不规则图形，与其面积相同的圆形的直径)。
如图1至图5所示，第一槽状通道包括第一凹槽12，第一凹槽12呈环状设置在外杯10的内球面上，多个第一管状通道出口16设置在第一凹槽12的槽底，第一管状通道出口18设置在外杯10的内球面上。内衬20上设置有与第一凹槽12相适配的卡接凸部22，在外杯10与内衬20装配完成的情况下，卡接凸部22伸入第一凹槽12中，使外杯10和内衬20相互锁定以防止内衬20退行脱出。
如图2和图3所示，本实施例的第一槽状通道还包括多个第二凹槽13，多个第二凹槽13呈放射状设置在外杯10的内表面上并与第一凹槽12相连通。第二凹槽入口14设置在外杯端面17上。滑液可以从第一管状通道入口15进入第一管状通道11，并通过第一管状通道出口16和第一凹槽12进入第二凹槽13，也可以直接从第二凹槽入口14进入第二凹槽13。
如图4和图5所示，本实施例的第二连通通道包括第二管状通道21，第二管状通道21设置在内衬20中，在内衬20植入患者体内后，内衬20的外表面被外杯10覆盖、内表面被关 节球头覆盖，因此第二管状通道入口26设置在内衬端面27上，以暴露在关节囊内使滑液能够进入第二管状通道21。第二管状通道出口设置在内衬20与相适配的关节球头接触的内表面上。
如图4和图5所示，第二连通通道在内衬20与外杯10接触的表面上也设置有入口，以使第二连通通道能够将第一连通通道中的滑液引导至内衬20与关节球头之间的接触面上。具体地，第二连通通道还包括设置在内衬20的外表面上的第二槽状通道，第二槽状通道包括第三凹槽23和第四凹槽24，第三凹槽23设置在卡接凸部22上，第四凹槽24与第三凹槽23间隔设置地设置在内衬20的外表面，第二连通通道朝向外杯10的入口设置在第三凹槽23和第四凹槽24的槽底。第二凹槽13中的滑液能够通过第四凹槽24进入到第二连通通道中，进而涂覆在内衬20与关节球头之间的接触面上。本实施例的内衬20朝向外杯10的入口的横截面为直径在0.05mm至3mm之间的圆形，在其他未示出的实施例中，内衬朝向外杯的入口的横截面可能不是圆形甚至可能不是规则图形，其等效圆直径也应在0.05mm至3mm之间。
为使滑液顺畅地从第一连通通道进入第二连通通道，本实施例的卡接凸部22与第一凹槽12之间形成有过流间隙，滑液通过第一管状通道11进入到过流间隙中并通过第三凹槽23上的开口进入第二连通通道，进而涂覆在内衬20与关节球头之间的接触面上，实现润滑效果。
本实施例在内衬20与关节球头接触的内表面上设置有容纳池25，容纳池25与第二连通通道朝向关节球头的出口相连，容纳池25的开口直径大于该第二连通通道的出口的开口直径以使滑液能够储存在容纳池25。本实施例的内衬20朝向关节球头的出口的横截面为直径在0.03mm至1.5mm之间的圆形，容纳池25的开口为直径在0.05mm至2mm之间的圆形。在其他未示出的实施例中，内衬朝向球头的出口的横截面可能不是圆形甚至可能不是规则图形，其等效圆直径也应在0.03mm至1.5mm之间。容纳池的开口的等效圆直径应在0.05mm至2mm之间。
本实施例的关节窝假体采用与人体软骨硬度、弹性参数相近的透明聚合物材料使得患者在康复后的行走本体感觉更强更为舒适，同时由于在髋臼内衬与髋臼外杯设置了输送关节滑液的第一连通通道和第二连通通道，可以将关节滑液有效输送到摩擦界面处。当人体行走中具有一定弹性的聚合物内衬假体在人体体重的交变载荷作用下被循环压缩与舒张释放，内衬中第二连通通道内的滑液会交替被挤出与吸入，从而将滑液不断输送至关节摩擦界面处，从而解决了摩擦界面的润滑问题以保证植入假体的使用寿命大为延长。
本申请还提供了一种关节假体，本实施例的关节假体为髋关节假体并能够设置在股骨和髋骨之间。如图6所示，本实施例的关节假体包括关节窝假体和关节头假体，关节窝假体设置在髋骨上，关节头假体设置在股骨上。关节窝假体为包含上述部分或全部技术特征的关节窝假体并具体包括外杯10和内衬20，关节头假体包括球头30和股骨柄40。股骨柄40能够植入患者的股骨50中。本实施例的关节假体具有润滑充分、不易磨损、使用寿命长的优点。
从以上的描述中，可以看出，本发明上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果：
外杯和内衬分别为两个部件并组合形成关节窝假体，以使外杯和内衬可采用不同材质分别制作成型，有利于满足外杯与患者骨骼间的固定效果以及减轻内衬与关节头之间的磨损。 外杯上的第一连通通道的入口设置在外杯暴露在关节囊内的表面上并与第二连通通道相连，内衬上的第二连通通道的入口设置在内衬暴露在关节囊内的表面上，并将关节囊内滑液引导至内衬与关节头结构之间的接触面上，使内衬以及相适配的关节头结构之间的接触面能够得到充分的润滑，降低内衬以及关节头结构的磨损速度，保证关节窝假体的使用寿命，降低患者翻修手术的频率。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种关节窝假体，设置在目标骨骼中，其特征在于，所述关节窝假体包括外杯(10)和内衬(20)，所述外杯(10)设置在所述目标骨骼中，所述内衬(20)设置在所述外杯(10)中，
    所述外杯(10)上设置有与关节囊相连通的第一连通通道，所述第一连通通道的入口设置在所述外杯(10)暴露在所述关节囊内的表面上，所述第一连通通道的出口设置在所述外杯(10)与所述内衬(20)接触的表面上；
    所述内衬(20)上设置有与所述关节囊相连通的第二连通通道，部分所述第二连通通道的入口设置在所述内衬(20)暴露在所述关节囊内的表面上，部分所述第二连通通道的入口设置在所述外杯(10)与所述内衬(20)接触的表面上并与所述第一连通通道相连通，所述第二连通通道的出口设置在所述内衬(20)与相适配的关节头结构接触的表面上，所述第二连通通道能够将滑液引导至所述内衬(20)与所述关节头结构之间的接触面上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的关节窝假体，其特征在于，所述第一连通通道包括第一管状通道(11)和第一槽状通道，所述第一管状通道(11)设置在所述外杯(10)中，所述第一管状通道(11)的入口设置在所述外杯(10)暴露在所述关节囊内的表面上，所述第一槽状通道设置在所述外杯(10)的内表面上，至少部分所述第一管状通道(11)的出口设置在所述第一槽状通道中，所述第二连通通道包括第二管状通道(21)，所述第二管状通道(21)设置在所述内衬(20)中，所述第二管状通道(21)的入口设置在所述内衬(20)暴露在所述关节囊内的表面上以及所述外杯(10)与所述内衬(20)接触的表面上，所述第二管状通道(21)的出口设置在所述内衬(20)与相适配的关节头结构接触的表面上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的关节窝假体，其特征在于，所述第一槽状通道包括第一凹槽(12)，所述内衬(20)上设置有与所述第一凹槽(12)相适配的卡接凸部(22)，在所述外杯(10)与所述内衬(20)装配完成的情况下，所述卡接凸部(22)伸入所述第一凹槽(12)中并卡接配合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的关节窝假体，其特征在于，所述卡接凸部(22)与所述第一凹槽(12)之间设有过流间隙，以连通所述第一连通通道和所述第二连通通道。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的关节窝假体，其特征在于，所述第一槽状通道还包括多个第二凹槽(13)，多个所述第二凹槽(13)呈放射状设置在所述外杯(10)的内表面上并与所述第一凹槽(12)相连通。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的关节窝假体，其特征在于，所述第二凹槽(13)的入口设置在所述外杯(10)暴露在所述关节囊内的表面上。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的关节窝假体，其特征在于，所述第二连通通道还包括设置在所述内衬(20)的外表面上的第二槽状通道，所述第二槽状通道包括设置在所述卡接凸部(22)上的第三凹槽(23)，部分所述第二连通通道的入口设置在所述第三凹槽(23)上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的关节窝假体，其特征在于，所述第二槽状通道还包括第四凹槽(24)，所述第四凹槽(24)与所述第三凹槽(23)间隔设置，部分所述第二连通通道的入口设置在所述第四凹槽(24)上。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的关节窝假体，其特征在于，设置在所述内衬(20)与相适配的关节头结构接触的表面上的部分所述第二连通通道的出口设置有容纳池(25)，所述容纳池(25)的开口直径大于该所述第二连通通道的出口的开口直径。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的关节窝假体，其特征在于，所述关节窝假体为髋臼假体，所述第一连通通道的入口设置在所述外杯(10)的端面上。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的关节窝假体，其特征在于，所述外杯(10)由陶瓷或金属材料制成，所述内衬(20)由弹性聚合物材料制成。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的关节窝假体，其特征在于，所述内衬(20)由透明材料制成，所述第二连通通道通过飞秒激光内雕技术形成。
  13. 一种关节假体，设置在能够相对运动的第一骨骼和第二骨骼之间，所述关节假体包括关节窝假体和关节头假体，所述关节窝假体设置在所述第一骨骼上，所述关节头假体设置在所述第二骨骼上，其特征在于，所述关节窝假体为权利要求1至12中任一项所述的关节窝假体。
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