CN105265053A - Method for planting blueberries in large-scale manner by utilizing grain stillage-modified soil - Google Patents
Method for planting blueberries in large-scale manner by utilizing grain stillage-modified soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting blueberries in a large-scale manner by utilizing grain stillage-modified soil. The method includes the following steps that: 1, grain stillage is aired to a slightly dry state, and the slightly-dry grain stillage and cattle and sheep manure are fully mixed, the mixing ratio of the grain stillage and the cattle and sheep manure by weight ratio ranges from 4 to 5:1, after the grain stillage and the cattle and sheep manure are mixed, the mixture is piled and fermented, the fermented mixture is crushed into particles, and the particles are adopted as a matrix material; 2, the matrix material is mixed with the cattle and sheep manure, clay and sulfur powder, and the mixture is adopted as matrix soil; 3, the matrix material and the clay are mixed together to form furrow surface soil; 4, the furrow surface soil is flatly laid on the ground, and furrowing is carried out; 5, tree pits are dug, the matrix soil is arranged at the bottoms of the tree pits; and 6, blueberry seedlings are planted, and positions below the roots of the blueberry seedlings are watered. With the method of the invention adopted, the survival rate of blueberry cultivation can be greatly improved, and the blueberries can grow fast, and can fructify early, and fruit yield can be high. The method is especially suitable for planting blueberries in red soil, maintain plateau red soil, yellow-red soil and red earth soil in regions in the Yunnan province.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a planting fruit-trees, specifically a kind of method utilizing vinasse to improve soil large-scale planting blueberry.
Background technology
Blueberry is fibrous root system plants, be happiness acid, soft, loose ventilative, moistening but not ponding, be rich in organic matter soil in grow, if in blueberry cultivation, root moisture is too high will cause rare, if gas permeability deficiency will cause blueberry to burn root and blueberry poor growth.Blueberry plantation General Requirements soil pH value is that 4.0-5.5 soil organic matter content is generally 8% ~ 12%, and the suitableeest soil organic matter content 8-10%, is at least not less than 5%.Mostly be red soil, mountain plateau red soil, yellow-red soil, red soil soil in the soil property of Yunnan Province, organic and nutrient is on the low side in soil property, fertility is low, and chad is many, and soil organic matter content is often lower than 5%, and soil compaction is sticky to be weighed, and is unfavorable for the root system development of blueberry.In Yunnan, the soil of most regional large-scale planting blueberry has to pass through improvement; the method of improvement soil structure conventional at present mixes the material such as sawdust, mountain base soil; the more method of current use adds the peat composed of rotten mosses; but will add blueberry cultivation cost, the soil effect for low-heat river valley, Yunnan is also not obvious.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, for organic on the low side in the soil property of From Mountainous Districts of Yunnan Province, soil organic matter content is on the low side, the situation that soil easily hardens, and proposes a kind of technical scheme utilizing vinasse to improve the method for soil large-scale planting blueberry.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of method utilizing vinasse to improve soil large-scale planting blueberry, and comprise vinasse fermentation, substrate composition, blueberry cultivation, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) fresh vinasse airing done to micro-, in vinasse, water tariff collection is at 2-30%, fully mixes with cattle and sheep excrement, and mixed proportion is weight ratio 4-5:1, banks up after mixing to pile up neatly shape, and the section configuration of buttress shape is triangle, height 1.5-2.0m, wide 4-6m.Moisture content is kept to be 55-65% after mixing, fermentation 20-60 days, in the every 4-7 of heap postpone days turning once, keep central temperature at 55-60 DEG C during degree of depth slaking, after fermentation, moisture is 2-8%, and the content of organic matter is greater than 15%, and the particle that after fermentation ends, pulverizing bulk is less than 4 centimetres for latus rectum is substrate material;
(2) substrate material 10-50 part step (1) obtained, cattle and sheep excrement 5-20 part, laterite 10-30 part, Cosan 0.01-0.1 part fully mixes, and described part is weight portion, and adjust ph is 4.0-5.5, is matrix soil;
(3) substrate material 25-60 part that step (1) obtains fully mixed with laterite 40-75 part, described part is weight portion, and adjust ph is 4.0-5.5, is moisture in the soil face soil;
(4) soil after smooth is paved with the moisture in the soil face soil that step (3) obtains, and be organized into wide 60-100cm, moisture in the soil face height 20-50 centimetre, stays 20cm passageway between moisture in the soil face;
(5) dig out diameter 50 centimetres in face, railway carriage or compartment, tree well that the degree of depth is greater than tree root length 5-10 centimetre, bottom tree well, insert 5-15 centimetre of matrix soil, seeding row spacing 1.2 meters-2.0 meters × 2.0 meters-2.5 meters;
(6) take off the nutritive cube outside blueberry sapling, the peripheral soil of cleaning root, is placed on sapling in planting pit, planting pit, completely in planting pit, fills up with the matrix soil that step (2) obtains, covers root completely by tree root, stand solid with their feet, water permeable to root in time.
Described vinasse are spirit stillages, particularly Chinese sorghum, barley, buckwheat vinasse.
Described cattle and sheep excrement is cow dung or sheep excrement, or any combination of cow dung and sheep excrement, and it is water content 20-60%.
Plantation blueberry typically use sawmilling, mountain base soil or peat composed of rotten mosses transformation soil, when front range base soil, the peat composed of rotten mosses is non-renewable resources, and price is high, and China is former vast, and various places soil property composition there are differences.The present invention forms through a large amount of Test Summary after the soil researching and analysing Yunnan Province.The present invention is that the discarded object vinasse making full use of local wine brewing improve soil with cattle and sheep excrement, realizes large-scale planting blueberry, changes over that to plant blueberry survival rate in Yunnan Province low, the present situation that result is little and few.The present invention is first fully fermented with specific proportioning and method with vinasse and cattle and sheep excrement, becomes substrate material, is more fully mixed into matrix soil with substrate material and cattle and sheep excrement, laterite and Cosan.Vinasse in matrix and cattle and sheep excrement are through fully and completely fermenting, and granular matrix provides the nutrient required for blueberry growth, can also make loosing soil, strengthens the gas permeability of blueberry root.Cattle and sheep excrement in matrix soil is less due to proportion, without fermentation, can shorten the making duration of matrix soil like this, reduce cost of manufacture under the prerequisite ensureing result of use.Moisture in the soil face soil is fully mixed into the substrate material obtained and laterite.Organic matter in soil and organic fertility is considerably increased containing a large amount of substrate materials in matrix soil and moisture in the soil face soil.The present invention is top layer foundation soil with moisture in the soil face soil, and the soil is porous for this soil, not easily hardens, and water conservation not easily ponding again, survives for blueberry sapling and growth provides excellent environment.The present invention uses matrix soil in kind of plant hole, and in matrix soil, the content of organic matter is high, and also containing a large amount of cattle and sheep excrement, the root of blueberry sapling can be made to obtain more nutrient, and loose matrix soil makes the root of blueberry be easy to survive and grow.The present invention makes full use of the discarded object produced in industrial or agricultural and carries out soil melioration, makes full use of resource, preserves the ecological environment, also can greatly reduce costs.The inventive method science, successful, convenient operation, the present invention can improve the survival rate of blueberry plantation greatly, blueberry also can be made to grow fast, and early, fruit yield is high for result.Be particularly suitable for the red soil of Yunnan Province, mountain plateau red soil, yellow-red soil, red soil soil plantation blueberry.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.
embodiment:
Utilize the method for the raw blueberry seedling of 1-2 that vinasse improvement soil large-scale planting kind is brilliance, embodiment 1-5 parameter is in table 1, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) fresh vinasse airing is done to micro-, in vinasse, water tariff collection is at 2-30%, the moisture of particle and the less buckwheat vinasse of weight can content higher, the moisture of particle and the larger barley vinasse of weight can content on the low side, be all advisable not drip, vinasse fully mix with cattle and sheep excrement, mixed proportion is weight ratio 4-5:1, banks up after mixing to pile up neatly shape, and the section configuration of buttress shape is triangle, height 1.5-2.0m, wide 4-6m.Keep moisture content to be 55-65% after mixing, fermentation 20-60 days, in the every 4-7 of heap postpone days turning once, keep central temperature at 55-60 DEG C during degree of depth slaking, after fermentation, moisture is 2-8%, and detecting the content of organic matter and be greater than 15%, is substrate material.Described vinasse are spirit stillages, particularly Chinese sorghum, barley, buckwheat vinasse.Described cattle and sheep excrement is cow dung or sheep excrement, or the combination of cow dung and sheep excrement, and it is water content 20-50%, pulverizes the particle that bulk is less than 4 centimetres for latus rectum after fermentation ends;
(2) substrate material 10-50 part step (1) obtained, cow dung 5-20 part, laterite 10-30 part, Cosan 0.01-0.1 part fully mixes, and adjust ph is 4.0-4.8, is matrix soil;
(3) substrate material 25-60 part that step (1) obtains fully mixed with laterite 40-75 part, adjust ph is 4.0-4.8, is moisture in the soil face soil;
(4) early-stage preparations: plough deeply at field planting combination the previous year pressure green manure, the degree of depth is advisable with 20-25cm, ploughs deeply slaking, should weed a garden when ploughing deeply, and smooth.At moisture in the soil face, upper berth, smooth rear soil soil, and be organized into wide 60-100cm, height 20-30cm moisture in the soil face, stays 20cm passageway between moisture in the soil face;
(5) dig out diameter 0.5 meter in moisture in the soil face, tree well that the degree of depth is greater than tree root length 5-10 centimetre, seeding row spacing 1.2 meters-2.0 meters × 2.0 meters-2.5 meters, and insert 5-15 centimetre of matrix soil bottom tree well;
(6) take off the nutritive cube outside the raw blueberry sapling of 1-2, the peripheral soil of cleaning root, is placed on sapling in planting pit, planting pit, completely in planting pit, fills up with the matrix soil that step (2) obtains, covers root completely by tree root, stand solid with their feet, water permeable to root in time.
(7) regular maintenance: annual spring, at soil surface uniform fold pine needle or stalk, keeps ground moistening and don't ponding, moisture will be kept in liberal supply, will reduce moisture supply in the result stage in the Growth status stage.
Within 2010-2014 years, blueberry 200 mu is planted in Huaping County, Yunnan Province by method of the present invention, average survival: 99.7%, 2nd year starts result, within 4th year, enter the rich fruit phase, shift to an earlier date 1 year compared with the blueberry of conventional method plantation and enter the rich fruit phase, the average single plant yield 4.23kg of rich fruit phase fruit tree, maximum single fruit weight is 2.4g, minimum single fruit weight is 1.6g, average 2.05g.
Table 1
Claims (3)
1. utilize vinasse to improve a method for soil large-scale planting blueberry, comprise vinasse fermentation, substrate composition, blueberry cultivation, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) fresh vinasse airing done to micro-, in vinasse, water tariff collection is at 2-30%, fully mixes with cattle and sheep excrement, and mixed proportion is weight ratio 4-5:1, banks up after mixing to pile up neatly shape, and the section configuration of buttress shape is triangle, height 1.5-2.0m, wide 4-6m; Moisture content is kept to be 55-65% after mixing, fermentation 20-60 days, in the every 4-7 of heap postpone days turning once, keep central temperature at 55-60 DEG C during degree of depth slaking, after fermentation, moisture is 2-8%, and the content of organic matter is greater than 15%, and the particle that after fermentation ends, pulverizing bulk is less than 4 centimetres for latus rectum is substrate material;
(2) substrate material 10-50 part step (1) obtained, cattle and sheep excrement 5-20 part, laterite 10-30 part, Cosan 0.01-0.1 part fully mixes, and described part is weight portion, and adjust ph is 4.0-5.5, is matrix soil;
(3) substrate material 25-60 part that step (1) obtains fully mixed with laterite 40-75 part, described part is weight portion, and adjust ph is 4.0-5.5, is moisture in the soil face soil;
(4) soil after smooth is paved with the moisture in the soil face soil that step (3) obtains, and be organized into wide 60-100cm, moisture in the soil face height 20-50 centimetre, stays 20cm passageway between moisture in the soil face;
(5) dig out diameter 50 centimetres in moisture in the soil face, tree well that the degree of depth is greater than tree root length 5-10 centimetre, bottom tree well, insert 5-15 centimetre of matrix soil, seeding row spacing 1.2 meters-2.0 meters × 2.0 meters-2.5 meters;
(6) take off the nutritive cube outside blueberry sapling, the peripheral soil of cleaning root, is placed on sapling in planting pit, planting pit, completely in planting pit, fills up with the matrix soil that step (2) obtains, covers root completely by tree root, stand solid with their feet, water permeable to root in time.
2. a kind of method utilizing vinasse to improve soil large-scale planting blueberry according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described vinasse are spirit stillages, particularly Chinese sorghum, barley, buckwheat vinasse.
3. a kind of method utilizing vinasse to improve soil large-scale planting blueberry according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cattle and sheep excrement is cow dung or sheep excrement, or any combination of cow dung and sheep excrement, and it is water content 20-60%.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN106747938A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-31 | 贵州省仁怀市金水湾果业有限公司 | A kind of method for improving blueberry kind ground soil property |
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