CN105007898A - 难溶性药物的过饱和的稳定纳米颗粒 - Google Patents
难溶性药物的过饱和的稳定纳米颗粒 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种药物组合物以及制备难溶性药物的过饱和的稳定纳米颗粒的方法,所述药物具有小于1μm或小于800nm或小于500nm的平均尺寸;所述药物组合物包含至少一种药学活性成分、亲水聚合物、水溶性表面活性剂并且后续地被离子型聚合物稳定。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求提交于2012年12月19日,标题为药物剂型(Pharmaceutical Dosage Form)的美国临时申请第61/739,472号的提交日的权益,其公开的内容在此引作参考。
技术领域
本发明的方面涉及含有具有有限的水溶性的微粒活性成分的药物剂型。在实施方案中,剂型意在被口服施用以提供活性成分从胃肠道的全身吸收。
背景技术
很多努力已针对改善药品的生物利用度和其他药理性质。对于口服施用的具有有限的水溶性的活性成分的固体剂型,这种需要尤其迫切,因为胃肠道通常是含水环境且很多因素影响药物颗粒可被全身吸收的能力。
通常,已被接受的是使用活性药学成分的较小颗粒将提高其口服生物利用度;由于增加的颗粒表面积,微粒物质的增溶速率倾向于随着颗粒尺寸减小而增加。然而,在药物剂型生产中使用较小的颗粒导致复杂化,因为较小的颗粒不容易操作。颗粒的流动性常常随着它们尺寸减小而变小。将小颗粒与较大颗粒掺混常常导致掺混物的均一性差。并且,许多因素(包括可能存在于小颗粒上的表面电荷)助长了不期望和不可预料的现象,例如:团聚,其导致在处理和加工粉末期间,最初颗粒尺寸的实际增加。
美国专利第4,196,188号公开了在固体剂型中口服施用孕酮所遇到的困难。据报道,压缩具有小颗粒尺寸的粉末导致起始颗粒的颗粒分布的改变。通过提供孕酮颗粒在油载体中的混悬剂克服了该问题,该孕酮颗粒的至少80%具有5-15μm的尺寸,该混悬剂被填充进胶囊中。通过将重结晶的孕酮与花生酸(arachid oil)混合并在保持25-30℃的温度的冷的旋转磨机中碾磨该混合物,得到上述颗粒尺寸。微粉化的孕酮被描述为在颗粒尺寸小于20μm时是非常吸湿的和静电的,并在储存期间显示颗粒尺寸增加,这降低了药物的生物利用度。该专利被认为涉及商品孕酮胶囊。然而,由于变态反应的流行,因此目前不赞成在药物产品中使用所述公开的油。
美国专利第4,927,816号公开了一种舌下胶囊制剂,其包含与唾液分泌刺激剂结合的具有小于5μm的尺寸的孕酮颗粒。
美国专利申请公布第2004/0131553号公开了含有孕酮的片剂,其通过包括将药物与表面活性剂,优选例如十二烷基硫酸钠的离子型表面活性剂共微粉化(co-micronizing)的操作来制备。所述共微粉化可能包括使用喷射磨机的干燥成分,或者可能为使用胶体磨或球磨机的固体/液体共微粉化。根据此公开,微粉化所述药物不是增加生物利用度的自动方式,因为可能需要另外的制剂开发步骤;颗粒尺寸减小对溶解度和生物利用度的效果被认为是不可预料的。
美国专利第6,649,659号公开了阿托伐醌混悬剂的制备,其通过使含有2.5w/v阿托伐醌和0.25%w/v CelacolTM M2500(甲基纤维素)的含水混合物通过MICROFLUIDIZERTM(微射流机),制备具有1μm的平均药物颗粒尺寸的混悬剂。该混悬剂与具有3μm的平均药物颗粒尺寸的另一混悬剂相比,具有更高的药物生物利用度。
美国专利第6,248,363号公开了通过将药物与亲水性表面活性剂或者亲水性表面活性剂和亲脂性表面活性剂的混合物的溶液涂覆至固体载体颗粒上来改善许多药品的溶出和吸收。一个实例描述了用孕酮、PEG-24胆固醇醚(亲水性表面活性剂)与蒸馏单酸甘油酯和脱氧胆酸的亲脂成分的混合物涂覆丸芯(non-pareil seeds)。
美国专利申请公布第2005/0063913号公开了在聚维酮和多库酯钠的存在下湿磨美他沙酮以制备药物的纳米颗粒分散体。
用于制备固体剂型的药物溶液的用途不是优选的,因为在完成的剂量单元中药物的精确的物理形式不必然已知或可预料。而且,由于药物在聚合载体或油类中的难溶性,难以制得对于口服施用具有可接受的尺寸的可溶剂型。持续需要含有低溶解度药品并具有可重复的理想生物利用度特性的药物剂型。
有必要开发具有至少一种下述特征的制剂:
i)药物可被制备为具有50-800nm范围的最小颗粒尺寸的纳米混悬剂。
ii)纳米颗粒可以在下游加工为固体药物剂型后保持它们的原始颗粒尺寸。
iii)与药物的传统口服剂型相比,它们保持过饱和的溶解度特性或出众的溶出特性。
发明概述
在一方面,本申请提供一种混悬剂,其包含水、具有平均尺寸小于1μm的药物颗粒、水溶性表面活性剂和水溶性聚合物,其中使用固定几何结构流体处理器(fixed-geometryfluid processor),所述药物颗粒已被降低颗粒尺寸。
在又一方面,本申请提供一种混悬剂,其包含:水、药物、水溶性表面活性剂以及水溶性聚合物,所述药物选自具有小于1μm的平均尺寸的颗粒形式的阿比特龙、波普瑞韦(boceprivir)、美他沙酮、孕酮、特拉匹韦(telaprevir)和齐拉西酮或它们的药学可接受的盐、酯或溶剂合物组成的组。在实施方案中,混悬剂中的药物的平均颗粒尺寸小于800nm或小于500nm。
本申请的混悬剂可用于制得固体药物剂型。剂型的实施方案包括胶囊剂,所述胶囊剂具有被含药物的混悬剂涂覆并干燥、以及任选地还被包衣聚合物涂覆的药理学惰性颗粒支持物。其他实施方案包括片剂,其由药学赋形剂和被含药物的混悬剂涂覆并干燥的药理学惰性颗粒支持物的掺混物压缩。
在本发明的另一方面,是含有水溶液的稳定的纳米混悬剂,其包含水溶性表面活性剂和水溶性聚合物,其中药学活性成分的颗粒悬浮于所述水溶液中并将松团剂(de-agglomeration agent)与所述水溶液结合,其中所述松团剂保持小于约800nm的所述颗粒的平均尺寸;且其中所述松团剂维持高于所述药学活性成分在所述纳米混悬剂中的溶解度的所述药学活性成分的过饱和浓度。
在本发明的又一实施方案中,所述松团剂是一种阴离子型聚合物。仍在本发明的又一实施方案中,所述阴离子型聚合物是甲基丙烯酸和选自丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的丙烯酸酯的共聚物。在本发明的另一实施方案中,所述松团剂是阳离子型聚合物。仍在本发明的另一实施方案中,所述阳离子型聚合物是基于甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,所述药学活性成分对所述松团剂的比率为20:1至1:20。在又一实施方案中,所述药学活性成分对所述松团剂的比率为5:1至1:5。在本发明的另一实施方案中,所述药学活性成分对所述松团剂的比率为3:1至1:3。
本发明的一些实施方案提供了一种药物组合物,其包含具有平均尺寸小于约1μm或小于约800nm或小于约500nm的难溶性药物的颗粒,所述颗粒通过用含有悬浮的药物、水溶性表面活性剂和水溶性聚合物的水性介质的尺寸减缩步骤制备。
在其他实施方案中,所述药物组合物包含含有下述任意一种或多种的药剂:阿比特龙、阿维A酸(acutretin)、阿苯达唑、沙丁胺醇、氨鲁米特(aminogluthemide)、胺碘酮、氨氯地平、安非他明、两性霉素B、阿托伐他汀、阿托伐醌、阿奇霉素、巴氯芬、倍氯米松(beclomethsone)、贝那普利(benezepril)、苯佐那酯、倍他米松、比卡鲁胺(bicalutanide)、波普瑞韦(boceprevir)、布地奈德、丁氨苯丙酮、白消安、布替萘芬、骨化二醇、卡泊三醇(calciprotiene)、骨化三醇、喜树碱(camptothecan)、坎地沙坦、辣椒素、卡马西平(carbamezepine)、胡萝卜素、塞来考昔、西伐他汀(cerivistatin)、塞替利嗪、氯苯那敏、胆钙化醇、西洛他唑、西米替丁、桂利嗪、环丙沙星、西沙必利、克拉霉素、氯马斯汀、氯米酚、氯米帕明、氯吡格雷(clopidrogel)、可待因、辅酶Q10、环苯扎林、环孢霉素、达那唑、丹曲林、右氯苯那敏(dexchlopheniramine)、双氯芬酸、双香豆素、地高辛、双氢表雄甾酮、双氢麦角胺、双氢速甾醇、地红霉素、多奈哌齐、依法韦仑、依普沙坦(eposartan)、麦角钙化醇、麦角胺、必需脂肪酸来源、依托度酸、依托泊苷、法莫替丁、非诺贝特、芬太尼、非索非那定、非那雄胺、氟康唑(flucanazole)、氟比洛芬、氟伐他汀、磷苯妥英(fosphenytion)、夫罗曲普坦、呋喃唑酮、加巴喷丁、吉非贝齐、格列本脲、格列甲嗪、优降糖、格列美脲(glymepride)、灰黄霉素、卤泛群、布洛芬、厄贝沙坦、伊立替康、异山梨醇、异维A酸(isotreinoin)、伊曲康唑、伊维菌素、酮康唑、酮咯酸、拉莫三嗪、兰索拉唑(lanosprazole)、来氟米特、赖诺普利、洛哌丁胺、氯雷他定、洛伐他汀、左旋甲状腺素(L-thryroxine)、叶黄素、番茄红素、甲羟孕酮、米非司酮(mefepristone)、甲氟喹、甲地孕酮(megesterol)、美他沙酮、美沙酮、甲氧沙林、甲硝唑、甲硝唑、咪康唑、咪达唑仑、米格列醇、米诺地尔、米托蒽醌、孟鲁司特、萘丁美酮、纳布啡、那拉曲坦(naratiptan)、奈非那韦、硝苯地平、尼索地平(nilsolidipine)、尼鲁米特(nilutanide)、呋喃妥因、尼扎替丁、奥美拉唑、奥普瑞白介素(oprevelkin)、雌二醇(osteradiol)、奥沙普秦、紫杉醇、帕立骨化醇、帕罗西汀、喷他佐辛、吡格列酮、苯唑替吩(pizofetin)、普伐他汀、泼尼松龙、普罗布考、孕酮、伪麻黄碱、吡啶斯的明、雷贝拉唑、雷洛昔芬、罗非考昔(refocoxib)、瑞格列奈、利福布汀(rifabutine)、利福喷丁、利福昔明(rifaximine)、利美索龙、利托那韦(ritanovir)、利伐沙班(rivaroxaban)、利扎曲普坦、罗格列酮、沙奎那韦、舍曲林、西布曲明、西地那非、辛伐他汀、西罗莫司、螺内酯、舒马普坦、他克林、他克莫司、他莫昔芬、坦洛新、蓓萨罗丁(targretin)、他扎罗汀、特拉匹韦、替米沙坦、替尼泊苷、特比萘芬、特拉唑嗪(terzosin)、四氢大麻酚、噻加宾、噻氯匹定(ticlidopine)、替罗非班(tirofibran)、替扎尼定、托吡酯、托泊替康、托瑞米芬、曲马多、维甲酸、曲格列酮、曲伐沙星、泛癸利酮、缬沙坦、文拉法辛、维替泊芬(vertoporfin)、氨己烯酸、维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、扎鲁司特、齐留通、齐拉西酮、佐米曲坦、唑吡坦和佐匹克隆,或者它们的药学可接受的盐、酯或溶剂合物。
在其他实施方案中,表面活性剂为多库酯盐或十二烷基硫酸钠。
仍在其他实施方案中,水溶性聚合物为羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素或羟丙基纤维素。
在其他实施方案中,尺寸减缩步骤包括匀化、球磨或固定几何结构流体处理。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,从药物组合物中除去水溶剂以形成干燥粉末。在又一实施方案中,所述形成的干燥粉末被装载进胶囊中。
在一些实施方案中,药理学惰性核为微晶纤维素或糖球。
在其他实施方案中,颗粒涂覆的核还具有含有聚合物的包衣。
还有其他实施方案包含颗粒涂覆的核,其还具有包含不依赖pH的聚合物的密封包衣。
在另外的实施方案中,包衣颗粒与药学赋形剂掺混,并装载进胶囊中或压缩成片剂。
用于制备药物组合物的一个实施方案包括:1)使含有悬浮的药物颗粒、水溶性表面活性剂和水溶性聚合物的水性介质进行颗粒尺寸减缩步骤;2)在颗粒尺寸缩减后向混悬剂中加入第二离子型聚合物;并3)把来自2)的最终的混悬剂涂覆至固体药理学惰性核上。
在一些实施方案中,所述药物显示出过饱和的溶解度。
在其他实施方案中,所述药物显示出在相当于药物的胃肠道吸收部位的pH环境中的过饱和的溶解度。
在更多实施方案中,在向受试者口服施用制剂后,药物的生物利用度高于药物以其最初形式施用后的生物利用度。另一实施方案是一种治疗患者的方法,其包括施用纳米混悬剂。又一实施方案是一种治疗患者的方法,其包括施用药物组合物,所述组合物包含用纳米混悬剂涂覆以形成包衣颗粒的惰性颗粒固体支持物,所述组合物还包含至少一种添加剂、赋形剂或载体。
发明详述
本发明提供了含有颗粒活性成分的药物剂型。在实施方案中,现有的活性药学成分在USP确定成分培养基中以及在生理pH值下具有有限的或不可预见的溶解度。在室温下这样的活性成分的非离子化形式的水溶解度通常少于约10mg/mL,且经常少于约1mg/mL或少于约0.1mg/mL。这样的活性成分有时被称为“疏水药物”。
在一些方面,本公开内容包括:1)制备纳米颗粒混悬剂的方法;和2)将纳米颗粒混悬剂转化为固体药物剂型,其包括植入聚合物的疏水药物的纳米颗粒。剂型的实施方案显示了在下游加工为固体剂型后保持混悬剂的初期药物颗粒尺寸的特征以及保持过饱和的溶解度特性的特征。
合适的活性成分的实例包括但不限于治疗学分类的下述成员:镇痛药、抗炎剂、驱虫剂、抗心律失常药、抗细菌剂、抗病毒剂、抗凝血剂、抗抑郁药、抗糖尿病药、抗癫痫药、抗真菌剂、抗痛风剂、抗高血压剂、抗疟剂、抗偏头痛剂、抗毒蕈碱剂、抗肿瘤剂、勃起功能障碍改善剂、免疫抑制剂、抗原生动物剂、抗甲状腺剂、抗焦虑剂、镇静剂、安眠药、神经松驰剂、β-阻滞剂、心肌收缩剂、皮质类固醇、利尿剂、抗帕金森剂、胃肠道剂(gastrointestinal agents)、组胺受体拮抗剂、角质软化剂、调血脂剂、抗心绞痛剂、COX-2抑制剂、白三烯抑制剂、大环内酯类、肌肉松弛药、营养剂、阿片类镇痛剂、蛋白酶抑制剂、性激素、兴奋剂、抗骨质疏松剂、抗肥胖剂、认知增强剂、抗尿失禁剂、营养油、抗良性前列腺肥大剂、必需脂肪酸、非必需脂肪酸,以及它们中两种或多种的任意组合。
合适的活性成分的特定实例包括但不限于:阿比特龙、阿维A酸(acutretin)、阿苯达唑、沙丁胺醇、氨鲁米特(aminogluthemide)、胺碘酮、氨氯地平、安非他明、两性霉素B、阿托伐他汀、阿托伐醌、阿奇霉素、巴氯芬、倍氯米松(beclomethsone)、贝那普利(benezepril)、苯佐那酯、倍他米松、比卡鲁胺(bicalutanide)、波普瑞韦(boceprevir)、布地奈德、丁氨苯丙酮、白消安、布替萘芬、骨化二醇、卡泊三醇(calciprotiene)、骨化三醇、喜树碱(camptothecan)、坎地沙坦、辣椒素、卡马西平(carbamezepine)、胡萝卜素、卡维地洛、塞来考昔、西伐他汀(cerivistatin)、塞替利嗪、氯苯那敏、胆钙化醇、西洛他唑、西米替丁、桂利嗪、环丙沙星、西沙必利、克拉霉素、氯马斯汀、氯米酚、氯米帕明、氯吡格雷(clopidrogel)、可待因、辅酶Q10、环苯扎林、环孢霉素、达那唑、丹曲林、右氯苯那敏(dexchlopheniramine)、双氯芬酸、双香豆素、地高辛、双氢表雄甾酮、双氢麦角胺、双氢速甾醇、地红霉素、多奈哌齐、依法韦仑、依普沙坦(eposartan)、麦角钙化醇、麦角胺、必需脂肪酸来源、依托度酸、依托泊苷、法莫替丁、非诺贝特、芬太尼、非索非那定、非那雄胺、氟康唑(flucanazole)、氟比洛芬、氟伐他汀、磷苯妥英(fosphenytion)、夫罗曲普坦、呋喃唑酮、加巴喷丁、吉非贝齐、格列本脲、格列甲嗪、优降糖、格列美脲(glymepride)、灰黄霉素、卤泛群、布洛芬、厄贝沙坦、伊立替康、异山梨醇、异维A酸(isotreinoin)、伊曲康唑、伊维菌素、酮康唑、酮咯酸、拉莫三嗪、兰索拉唑(lanosprazole)、来氟米特、赖诺普利、洛哌丁胺、氯雷他定、洛伐他汀、左旋甲状腺素(L-thryroxine)、叶黄素、番茄红素、甲羟孕酮、米非司酮(mefepristone)、甲氟喹、甲地孕酮(megesterol)、美他沙酮、美沙酮、甲氧沙林、甲硝唑、甲硝唑、咪康唑、咪达唑仑、米格列醇、米诺地尔、米托蒽醌、孟鲁司特、萘丁美酮、纳布啡、那拉曲坦(naratiptan)、那非那韦、硝苯地平、尼索地平(nilsolidipine)、尼鲁米特(nilutanide)、呋喃妥因、尼扎替丁、奥美拉唑、奥普瑞白介素(oprevelkin)、雌二醇(osteradiol)、奥沙普秦、紫杉醇、帕立骨化醇、帕罗西汀、喷他佐辛、吡格列酮、苯唑替吩(pizofetin)、普伐他汀、泼尼松龙、普罗布考、孕酮、伪麻黄碱、吡啶斯的明、雷贝拉唑、雷洛昔芬、罗非考昔(refocoxib)、瑞格列奈、利福布汀(rifabutine)、利福喷丁、利福昔明(rifaximine)、利美索龙、利托那韦(ritanovir)、利伐沙班(rivaroxaban)、利扎曲普坦、罗格列酮、沙奎那韦、舍曲林、西布曲明、西地那非、辛伐他汀、西罗莫司、螺内酯、舒马普坦、他克林、他克莫司、他莫昔芬、坦洛新、蓓萨罗丁(targretin)、他扎罗汀、特拉匹韦、替米沙坦、替尼泊苷、特比萘芬、特拉唑嗪(terzosin)、四氢大麻酚、噻加宾、噻氯匹定(ticlidopine)、替罗非班(tirofibran)、替扎尼定、托吡酯、托泊替康、托瑞米芬、曲马多、维甲酸、曲格列酮、曲伐沙星、泛癸利酮、缬沙坦、文拉法辛、维替泊芬(vertoporfin)、氨己烯酸、维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、扎鲁司特、齐留通、齐拉西酮、佐米曲坦、唑吡坦和佐匹克隆。该列表不是穷举性的,因为也可以使用许多其他药物。而且,也可以使用能够递送药物的活性成分的任何药学可接受的盐、酯、溶剂合物和其他衍生物。尤其是,这些药物中许多通常以盐或酯形式被使用,而为了简洁,上述列表仅列出了基础药物。
本申请的一方面涉及制备具有平均尺寸小于1μm的药学活性成分颗粒。在另一实施方案中,所述药学活性成分颗粒具有小于约800nm的平均尺寸。在又一实施方案中,所述药学活性成分颗粒具有小于约500nm的平均尺寸。具有最大尺寸小于1μm的尺寸的颗粒为“纳米颗粒”。在一些实施方案中,纳米颗粒可以通过将含有悬浮的药物颗粒、水溶性表面活性剂和水溶性聚合物的水性介质进行尺寸减缩步骤来制备。
合适的水溶性表面活性剂包括但不限于下述类型的成员:离子型表面活性剂,例如阴离子物质十二烷基硫酸钠、聚乙二醇单十二醚硫酸钠(sodium laureth sulfate)、二辛基钠(或钾)磺基琥珀酸盐(“多库酯”盐)和硬脂酸钠,以及阳离子型物质,如氯化十六烷基吡啶和卵磷脂;和非离子型物质,例如鲸蜡醇、硬脂醇、十八醇十六醇混合物(cetostearyl alcohol)、丙三醇烷基酯如甘油基月桂酸酯、聚乙二醇山梨聚糖烷基酯(聚山梨酯类)、山梨聚糖烷基酯(例如,产品)、椰油酰胺MEA(cocoamide MEA)、椰油酰胺DEA,十二烷基二甲胺氧化物和聚乙二醇与聚丙二醇的嵌段共聚物(泊洛沙姆)。
合适的水溶性聚合物包括溶液形成物(former)和不形成真实溶液但与水接触后溶胀以形成具有溶液外观的胶体分散体的聚合物质。代表性的成员包括但不限于:纤维素醚,例如具有约3mPa·s至约5000mPa·s的范围的标称粘度(nominal viscosity)的甲基纤维素、具有约3mPa·s至约5000mPa·s的范围的标称粘度的羟乙基纤维素、具有约100mPa·s至70000mPa·s的范围的标称粘度的羟乙基甲基纤维素、具有约10mPa·s至约5000mPa·s的范围的标称粘度的羟丙基纤维素(“HPC”),以及具有约1mPa·s至约20000mPa·s的范围的标称粘度的不同等级(例如“E”、“F”和“K”的)羟丙基甲基纤维素(羟丙甲纤维素或“HPMC”);具有约4000至约1,300,000的范围的标称分子量的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(聚维酮或“PVP”);共聚维酮(copovidone);具有约400至约8000的范围的分子量的聚乙二醇;聚乙烯醇和聚乙二醇的接枝共聚物;聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙烯醋酸酯-聚乙二醇接枝共聚物;和聚甲基丙烯酸酯(即:丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的共聚物)。通常使用按重量计2%的水溶液在20℃测量粘度。
本领域普通技术人员会理解,在这些分类中具有链长度和取代基的可商购的产品提供了期望的水溶性。
合适的颗粒尺寸减缩步骤可以包括使用装置例如球磨机、转子-定子胶体磨、匀浆器、喷射磨机、超声空化磨机(ultrasonic cavitation mill)和固定几何结构流体处理器。固定几何结构流体处理器的一个实例是由美国马塞诸萨州Microfluidics Corporation of Newton出售的MICROFLUIDIZERTM,其在非常高压下施力将流体通过微通道进入相互作用腔室,其中所述流体的两个相对的流碰撞并接着被带出大约垂直于碰撞平面的所述腔室;出口的流体可被收集并通过相互作用腔室再循环,直至获得期望的颗粒尺寸。
在颗粒尺寸减缩步骤后,可以得到含有非常小的药物颗粒或药物的混悬剂。
所制备的混悬剂可以进一步与第二聚合物质(本文所定义的松团剂)结合以进一步稳定非常小的颗粒。而本公开内容不应受限于任何特别的理论解释,要相信,离子型聚合物“松团剂”的存在抑制了药物颗粒结块,当所述混悬剂被储存和/或进一步加工为药物制剂时,这种药物颗粒结块会随着时间过去而改变颗粒尺寸分布。
有用的聚合物包括但不限于下文描述为“离子型聚合物”的材料和任何其他本文描述的聚合物中的任何一种或多种。用于本申请中的多种离子型聚合物包括但不限于:EUDRAGITTM L100和E100(丙烯酸与甲基丙烯酸的聚合物和共聚物)、醋酸纤维素丁酸酯、醋酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯和琥珀酸酯、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸乙酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸丁酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸异丁酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸己酯)(poly(hexlmethacrylate))、聚(甲基丙烯酸异癸酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸十二烷基酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸苯酯)、聚(丙烯酸甲酯)、聚(丙烯酸异丙酯)、聚(丙烯酸异丁酯)、聚(丙烯酸十八烷基酯),及它们中的两种或更多种的任意混合物。
其中有用的聚合物是聚甲基丙烯酸酯,如Evonik Industries作为EUDRAGITTM出售的多种产品以及疏水性纤维素醚衍生物,例如醋酸羟丙甲纤维素琥珀酸酯。
EUDRAGIT L 100-55是一种基于甲基丙烯酸和丙烯酸乙酯的阴离子型共聚物,在美国药典(USP)中被描述为“甲基丙烯酸共聚物,类型C”并具有下述重复单元。
聚甲基丙烯酸酯产品可按多种物理形式提供,例如:EUDRAGIT L 30D-55为EUDRAGIT L 100-55的一种水分散体形式。类似于EUDRAGIT产品的聚合物产物可以从其他来源得到。
醋酸羟丙甲纤维素琥珀酸酯是pH依赖的聚合物且可以从Shin-Etsu Chemical Co.作为AQOATTM得到。它是醋酸和羟丙基甲基纤维素的单琥珀酸酯的混合物。USP规定要求其含有以干基计算,12.0-28.0%的甲氧基、4.0-23.0%的羟丙基、2.0-16.0%的乙酰基和4.0-28.0%的琥珀酰基(succinoyl)。可商购的AQOAT AS-LF产品等级含有8%乙酰基和15%琥珀酰基,AQOAT AS-MF含有9%乙酰基和11%琥珀酰基,AQOAT AS-HF含有12%乙酰基和6%琥珀酰基,且这些产品各自具有5μm的平均颗粒尺寸。
人们相信纳米颗粒的聚集可能在下游加工或长期储存期间发生。关键是要确保为了改善溶出,在药物制剂中保持纳米颗粒。选择合适的稳定剂和最佳浓度对于稳定较小的颗粒尺寸并维持最终产品的储藏寿命是非常重要的。稳定较小颗粒比产生它们更重要。新形成的颗粒和表面稳定剂分子之间的相互作用在稳定过程中起关键作用。如果颗粒间的亲和力大于颗粒与表面稳定剂之间的亲和力,将偏向于聚集;否则聚集被降低或者可被完全抑制。颗粒聚集影响药物纳米晶体制剂的长期稳定性;颗粒聚集主要取决于稳定剂、其类型和使用的浓度。
已将离子型聚合物用于肠溶包衣应用或延迟释放包衣应用、无定型固体分散体稳定化。目前已出乎意料地发现这些离子型聚合物在被加入纳米混悬剂中时可用作纳米颗粒稳定化的松团剂,以在下游加工(即:纳米混悬剂分层在丸芯上、顶部喷雾粒化、喷雾干燥)成药物剂型期间阻止纳米颗粒的聚集。这些离子型聚合物稳定了纳米制剂并允许所述制剂在胃肠道中保持在过饱和的水平。药学活性成分对松团剂的比率为20:1至1:20的范围。在另一实施方案中,药学活性成分对松团剂的比率为5:1至1:5的范围。在另一实施方案中,药学活性成分对松团剂的比率为3:1至1:3的范围。
过饱和的概念已描述于文献中,例如J.Brouwers等人的“Supersaturating Drug DeliverySystems:The Answer to Solubility-Limited Oral Bioavailability?”Journal of PharmaceuticalSciences,第98(8)卷,第2549-2572页,2009。与药物的最低能态的饱和溶解度相比,过饱和是药物的亚稳的较高能量形式的提高的溶解度。在药物发生吸收的胃肠道区域中,过饱和状态的保持能提供对于改善疗效的增加的生物利用度。
稳定的纳米制剂能够提供并保持药学活性成分处于过饱和状态。在一些实施方案中,所述药学活性成分保持101%至1000%的过饱和。在另一实施方案中,所述药学活性成分保持101%至500%的过饱和。在另一实施方案中,所述药学活性成分保持101%至200%的过饱和。
所述混悬剂可与任选添加的任意数目的合适的赋形剂(例如粘度调节剂、防腐剂和/或增味剂和着色剂)被直接包装用作流体产品,可被进一步加工以制备固体剂型,或者微粒内含物可以被分离(如:通过蒸发液体组分)并被用于制备固体剂型。合适的固体单位剂量包括各种胶囊剂和片剂剂型。
为了抑制加工期间的微生物生长,可以包括一种或多种防腐剂。例如,为了抑制在含有药物的混悬剂的加工和储存期间以及在转化为固体剂型前的微生物生长,可以在颗粒尺寸减缩期间或之后加入防腐剂。在实施方案中,有用的量从活性剂含量的约0.001重量%变化至约10重量%。这样的防腐剂的实例包括但不限于:苯甲酸及其盐例如苯甲酸钠、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯,和山梨酸以及它的盐。
在固体剂型制备的实施方案中,含药物的流体被涂覆在固体药理学惰性的颗粒支持物上。有用的颗粒支持物包括但不限于由蔗糖、乳糖、甘露醇、淀粉、磷酸钙、纤维素等制得的那些颗粒支持物。经常地,颗粒支持物在外形上通常为球形,尽管这不是必需的。其中有用的物质是微晶纤维素球,其可按多种颗粒尺寸范围提供,例如CELLETSTM(来自Pharmatrans Sanaq AG,瑞士)和CELPHERETM(Asahi Kasei Group,日本)产品。酒石酸丸可用作基质,例如通过产生在胃肠道流体存在下的酸性pH环境以促进碱性药物的溶解度。
混悬剂可以通过任何本领域已知的方式(包括喷雾法或例如使用流化床颗粒机)被涂覆至颗粒支持物上。在除去混悬剂载体后,颗粒可任选地用例如保护聚合物的密闭涂层或调节药物释放的聚合物进行涂覆,并接着填入胶囊剂中或配制为片剂。取决于用于密闭涂覆的聚合物,其可用作水性流体、水-醇流体或有机液体中的分散体或溶液,任选地还含有至少一种包衣赋形剂例如增塑剂、缓冲剂等。
为了制备片剂,额外的赋形剂(例如任意那些描述于下文中的)例如微晶纤维素、磷酸氢钙和/或乳糖一水合物可被加入以对被压缩的片剂提供机械强度。含有药物的颗粒可与任意数量的期望的赋形剂组合(有或没有制粒步骤),并且该混和物可被压缩成片剂。
可选地,溶剂可从混悬剂中除去,且得到的粉末可被加工为任何期望的固体剂型。这样的加工可包括湿法制粒或干法制粒并被压缩成片剂或填入胶囊剂中。
固体剂量单位含有一种或多种药物以及任意期望数目的赋形剂,例如但不限于:稀释剂、粘合剂、药物稳定剂、崩解剂、助流剂、润滑剂、释放速率调节剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、包衣剂、着色剂、增味剂等中的一种或多种。
根据本申请的多种有用的填料和稀释剂包括但不限于:淀粉、乳糖、纤维素衍生物、糖果剂的糖等。不同等级的乳糖包括但不限于:乳糖一水合物、乳糖DT、无水乳糖及其他。不同的淀粉包括但不限于:玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、米淀粉、小麦淀粉、预胶凝淀粉及其他。可使用的不同纤维素化合物包括微晶纤维素和粉状纤维素。其他有用的稀释剂包括但不限于:羧甲纤维素、糖醇(如甘露醇、山梨糖醇和木糖醇)、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、磷酸氢钙和磷酸钙。
根据本申请的多种有用的粘合剂包括但不限于:各种等级的羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素(如METHOCELTM产品)和有用的各种等级的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(如K25、K29、K30和K90等级)、共聚维酮(copovidones)(例如PLASDONETM S 630)、阿拉伯胶粉、明胶、瓜尔胶、卡波姆(如:CARBOPOLTM产品)、甲基纤维素,聚甲基丙烯酸酯和淀粉。
多种有用的崩解剂包括但不限于:羧甲纤维素钙、羧甲基淀粉钠、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交聚维酮,可商购的交聚维酮产品的实例包括但不限于:交联的聚维酮、来自BASF(德国)的KOLLIDONTM CL;来自ISP Inc.(美国)的POLYPLASDONETM XL、XI-10和INF-10,以及低取代的羟丙基纤维素。低取代的羟丙基纤维素的实例包括但不限于:低取代的羟丙基纤维素LH11、LH21、LH31、LH22、LH32、LH20、LH30、LH32和LH33(全部由Shin-EtsuChemical Co.,Ltd.提供)。一些其他有用的崩解剂包括羟基乙酸淀粉钠、胶体二氧化硅和各种淀粉。
在实施方案中,本申请的制剂中含有至少一种用于提高药物稳定性的抗氧化剂。所述抗氧化剂可以作为组合物的一部分或者作为包装组分存在。因此,在特定的实施方案中,在惰性核上进行药物装载阶段期间,向制剂中引入抗氧化剂。所述抗氧化剂以有效延迟对氧化敏感的药物的分解的量存在。在实施方案中,在制剂中抗氧化剂的含量在从约0.001-10重量%的范围(相对于活性剂含量)。抗氧化剂的非限制性实例包括抗坏血酸及其盐、生育酚、亚硫酸盐如偏亚硫酸氢钠或亚硫酸钠、硫化钠、丁羟茴醚、丁羟甲苯、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯和没食子酸丙酯中的一种或多种。本领域普通技术人员会承认其他合适的抗氧化剂。
有用的润滑剂包括硬脂酸镁、单硬脂酸甘油酯、棕榈酸、滑石、巴西棕榈蜡、硬脂酸钙钠、十二烷基硫酸钠或十二烷基硫酸镁、钙皂、硬脂酸锌、聚氧乙烯单硬脂酸酯、硅酸钙、二氧化硅、氢化植物油和脂肪、硬脂酸和它们的任意组合。
可以使用一种或多种助流剂材料,其改善粉末掺混物、丸剂等的流动并最小化剂型重量变化。有用的助流剂包括但不限于二氧化硅、滑石、高岭土及它们的组合。
着色剂可用于色码(color code)组合物,例如,用于指示其中治疗剂的类型和剂量。还可以使用着色剂去区分包含在单位剂型(如胶囊剂)中的多颗粒的不同成分。合适的着色剂包括但不限于天然的和/或人造的化合物例如FD&C着色剂、天然果汁浓缩剂、色素例如二氧化钛、二氧化硅、氧化铁、氧化锌,及它们的任何组合等。
固体药物剂型可具有外部包衣,其在施用后调节所含有的一种或多种药物的释放特征。包衣的其他类型仅仅是装饰性的(cosmetic)或用于在包装、运输和使用期间保护剂型。所述包衣典型地包含至少一种pH不依赖的或pH依赖的可溶性聚合物作为主要成分,通常也包括多种添加剂中的任意一种或多种。
用于包衣的有用的添加剂包括但不限于:增塑剂、抗粘着剂、遮光剂、溶剂和任选的着色剂、润滑剂、色素、消泡剂和抛光剂。
多种有用的增塑剂包括但不限于:诸如以下的物质:蓖麻油、二乙酰单酸甘油酯、癸二酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、丙三醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、三醋酸甘油酯、柠檬酸三乙酯和它们的混合物。增塑剂的类型取决于包衣衣料(coating agent)的类型。遮光剂例如二氧化钛还可以基于所述包衣的总重量按约0.5-20%的量存在。
通常在薄膜包衣过程中使用抗粘合剂以避免在薄膜形成和干燥期间的粘冲效应。为此目的的一个有用的抗粘合剂的实例是滑石。抗粘合剂通常基于所述包衣的总重量以约0.5-15%的量存在于薄膜包衣中。
在制备本申请的药物制剂的过程中可使用的多种溶剂包括但不限于:水、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、乙酰丙酮、多元醇、聚醚、油类、酯类、烷基酮、二氯甲烷、异丙醇、丁醇、醋酸甲酯、醋酸乙酯、醋酸异丙酯、蓖麻油、乙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单丁基醚、二乙二醇单乙醚、二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃及它们的混合物。
前述列表的赋形剂物质不是穷举性的,而是不同分类的典型成员。本领域普通技术人员会意识到许多其他有用的物质,并且它们的用途是在本文中明确考虑的。而且,熟知许多赋形剂可以在药物制剂中发挥超过一种目的。
粉末和悬浮粉末的颗粒尺寸可以使用任何传统技术进行确定,包括光学显微术、CoulterCounterTM(库尔特计数器)电敏感区法、激光衍射(例如由Malvern Instruments Ltd.和HoribaInstruments,Inc.出售的装备)等。颗粒尺寸分布通常由例如D10、D50、D90等术语表示,其中数值部分是具有不超过给定尺寸的尺寸大小(dimension)的所测量的颗粒的体积百分数。例如,D50=400nm表示50%的颗粒具有任何尺寸大小均不超过400nm的尺寸。悬浮颗粒的尺寸任选地可使用用于形成混悬剂的多种生理介质(例如:模拟胃液(pH 1.2)、醋酸盐缓冲液(pH 4.5)和模拟肠液(pH 5.5-7.5))或者使用水或缓冲的或无缓冲的水性介质)来测量。
可以例如使用United States Pharmacopeia 24(美国药典24)United States PharmacopeialConvention,Inc.,Rockville,Maryland,1999(“USP”)中的测试711“溶出”来测试药品的药物溶出特性。多种流体可被用作溶出介质,包括酸、缓冲液、模拟的消化道液等,且这些中的许多被定义在USP的不同专著中。操作的一个实例使用“装置2”,其具有一个容器,该容器容纳被旋转桨搅动的介质。典型地,剂量单元被浸入介质中,为了药物含量分析,频繁地利用高效液相色谱(“HPLC”)技术间隔地取出所述介质的样品。
下述实施例进一步描述了本公开内容的某些特定方面和实施例,其仅为说明的目的提供,且不应以任何方式解释为对本公开内容的范围的限制。
具体实施方式
实施例1-4
使用所列出的成分制备分散体,其中百分数以重量计。
*如:E5LV,Dow Chemical Co.的产品
**如:LF,Aqualon Div.,Hercules Incorporated的产品。
步骤:
1.将HPMC或HPC与水混合直至溶解,接着加入多库酯钠或十二烷基硫酸钠并再将溶液混合60分钟。
2.将孕酮或美他沙酮加入聚合物溶液中并混合,接着匀化30-60分钟。再将分散体混合60分钟以获得均匀的分散体。在实验室规模的Model120B(来自Microfluidics,IDEX Corporation的一个部门)中加工根据实施例1-4制备的约1L量的分散体。调节该装置(连接至345-690kPa(50-100psi)空气供给)以产生69,000-175,000kPa(10,000-25,000psi)的流体压力。微流化器的机器底座、相互作用腔室和管道通过循环的冷却水被保持在低于30℃。使分散体通过微流化器的相互作用腔室并使生成的混悬剂返回至该大体积腔室(bulk chamber)的顶部和侧面。使混悬剂连续再循环通过相互作用腔室,并间隔地取出样品用于分析颗粒尺寸。
用50mM的pH 6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液稀释制得的混悬剂(10μL)至1mL。将稀释的混悬剂保持持续搅拌并使用Malvern ZETASIZERTM动态光散射分析仪间隔地测量颗粒尺寸。结果示于表2中。
所制备的混悬剂在稀释后具有稳定的颗粒尺寸。
实施例5
将根据实施例1中的一般操作用HMPC和多库酯钠制备的孕酮混悬剂与多种第二离子型聚合物按如下重量比组合,该按重量比为60份混悬剂比40份第二离子型聚合物,并搅拌30分钟。将混合物倾至铝箔盘中并在38℃干燥1-2天以产生薄膜。对于每种组合物,有些箔盘通过在40℃和75%相对湿度下向大气敞开储存两周来进行进一步“老化”。将薄膜从各盘分离,使用研钵或杵或任何类型的碾磨机构压碎为粉末并通过60目筛。将大约50mg的粉末加至35mL磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 6.8;50mM)中并混合6分钟以溶解聚合物,接着间隔地(0、10、30、60和90分钟)使用1mL样品测量颗粒尺寸。
下表说明了孕酮混悬剂的颗粒尺寸分析结果,该孕酮混悬剂是通过将纳米混悬剂与多种第二离子型聚合物结合来稳定化。令人惊讶地,含有第二离子型聚合物(5B、5E和5F)的纳米混悬剂具有低得多的平均最初颗粒尺寸。这说明在颗粒尺寸减缩后离子型聚合物的加入提供了最初颗粒在缓冲液中的进一步的松团并使它们稳定在固体状态。甚至在加速稳定性试验条件下储存样品后,颗粒的尺寸仍被保持并且没有观察到颗粒聚集的迹象。结果示于表3中。
实施例6
将根据实施例3中的一般操作用HPMC和多库酯钠制备的美他沙酮混悬剂与多种第二离子型聚合物按如下重量比组合,该按重量比为70份混悬剂比30份第二离子型聚合物,并搅拌30分钟。将混合物倾至铝箔盘中并在38℃干燥1-2天以产生薄膜。对于每种组合物,有些箔盘通过在40℃和75%相对湿度下向大气压敞开储存两周来进行进一步“老化”。将固体与箔分离,压碎为粉末并通过60目筛。将大约50mg的粉末加至35mL磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 6.8;50mM)中并混合6分钟以溶解聚合物,接着间隔地(0、10、30、60和90分钟)取出1mL样品测量平均最初颗粒尺寸。
下表说明了美他沙酮混悬剂的颗粒尺寸分析结果,该美他沙酮混悬剂是通过与多种离子型聚合物和非离子型聚合物结合来稳定化。令人惊讶地,含有离子型聚合物(6c-6F)的纳米混悬剂具有较低的平均最初颗粒尺寸。这说明在颗粒尺寸减缩后离子型聚合物的加入提供了最初颗粒在缓冲液中的进一步的松团并使它们稳定在固体状态。甚至在加速稳定性试验条件下储存样品后,颗粒的尺寸是稳定的并且没有观察到颗粒聚集的迹象。结果示于表4中。
实施例7
测试实施例6中制备的美他沙酮的药物溶出特性。将约1g的混悬剂置于50mL锥形瓶中,加入50mL的50mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 6.8),接着使混合物涡旋(vortex)并在持续振摇下在37℃温育。间隔地取出5mL样品,通过Whatman注射器式滤器过滤(PVDF,0.45μm),用磷酸盐缓冲液以体积计1:1稀释,充分混合并涡旋。当溶液不清澈时,通过0.22μm过滤器过滤。滤液用等体积的乙腈稀释,接着用HPLC分析其美他沙酮含量,得到下表中的结果。
用于美他沙酮分析的HPLC条件:
柱:BDS Hypersil C18,250×4.6mm,5μm;
检测器波长:230nm;
流动相:乙腈、甲醇和水的混合物(以体积计,各自26:31:43份);
流速:1.0mL/分钟;
进样体积:20μL;
柱温:40℃;
样品温度:25℃;
运行时间:10分钟。
如表5中所见,在纳米混悬剂中含有离子型聚合物(6C-6F)的制剂与对比例(6A和6B)相比具有高得多的溶出。
实施例8
测试实施例5中制备的孕酮的药物溶出特性。将含有约60mg孕酮的样品置于125mL含有50mL的50mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 6.8)的锥形瓶中(事先在37℃恒温)。在涡流后,将样品在持续振摇下在37℃温育。间隔地,取出7mL等分的样品,并通过0.45mm PVDF过滤器过滤,将第一次的5mL滤液返回至烧瓶中并收集下一个2mL滤液用于分析。用两倍于其体积的乙腈稀释滤液样品。然而,如果滤液是浑浊的,将样品以15,000rpm离心10分钟,并稀释上清液。稀释的样品被用于HPLC分析,得到下表中的结果。
HPLC条件:
柱型号:Agilent Poroshell EC-120C18,4.6×100mm,2.7μm;
检测器波长:243nm;
流速:1.0mL/分钟;
进样体积:50μL;
柱温:40℃;
样品温度:室温;
运行时间:18分钟。
对于美他沙酮和孕酮,与单独的起始药物或实施例1中制备的它们的纳米颗粒药物混悬剂相比,稳定的制剂随着时间保持出众的溶解度。
使用实施例9和10的列于表中的成分制备药物制剂。
实施例9
实施例10
实施例9和10的步骤:
装配有6英寸Wurster(底部喷雾)插入物的流化床颗粒机(Glatt GPCG-3)被装载0.75-1kg微晶纤维素球(如:来自Pharmatrans Sanaq AG的500,具有500-710μm的平均颗粒尺寸)、糖球(或由蔗糖和淀粉制得的小丸,来自Colorcon),或酒石酸籽(如:来自Pharmatrans Sanaq AG的TAP 200或400)。用35-45℃的干燥进口空气加热颗粒。通过打开排气阀至其初始最大值的约50%,增加至在喷雾过程结束时的约60%来控制流化气体体积。之前制备的药物分层混悬剂(drug layering suspension)(根据之前实施例中的步骤,使用适量的水在MICROFLUIDIZER装置中加工)以含有指示量的药物的量被喷洒至颗粒机中的流化小球上。在约200kPa(2巴)的雾化气压下,以约4-5g/分钟的初始递送速率喷洒分散体。在递送约30%的所喷洒的分散体后,递送速率增加至9-11g/分钟。
当喷雾过程完成时,所包衣的球用40-60℃的干燥进口空气干燥约10分钟。接着将包衣小球在流化床中用20-25℃的进口空气温度冷却约5-10分钟。用35目筛确定干燥的药物包衣的小球的尺寸,并弃去通过筛子的小球。
将保留在筛子上的小球引入装配有Wurster插入物的流化床颗粒机并用50-60℃干燥进口空气加热。在约250kPa(2.5巴)的雾化气压下,以约400-500g/分钟的递送速率将之前制备的功能性包衣分散体(在适量水中)喷洒至流化小球上。当喷雾过程完成后,将小球用50-55℃的干燥进口空气干燥约10分钟。在流化床中用20-25℃的干燥进口空气将包衣的小球冷却约5-10分钟。
将密封涂覆的颗粒与“最终掺混物”成分掺混并填充进硬胶囊中。
可以使用实施例11-15中的成分制备药物制剂。
实施例11
实施例12
实施例13
实施例14
实施例15
实施例11-15的步骤:
装配有6英寸Wurster(底部喷雾)插入物的流化床颗粒机(Glatt GPCG-3)被装载0.75-1kg微晶纤维素球(如:来自Pharmatrans Sanaq AG的500,具有500-710μm的平均颗粒尺寸)、糖球(或由蔗糖和淀粉制得的小丸,来自Colorcon),或酒石酸籽(如:来自Pharmatrans Sanaq AG的TAP 200或400)。用35-45℃的干燥进口空气加热颗粒。通过打开排气阀至其初始最大值的约50%,增加至在喷雾过程结束时的约60%来控制流化气体体积。之前制备的药物分层混悬剂(根据之前实施例中的步骤,使用适量的水在MICROFLUIDIZER装置中加工)以含有指示量的药物的量被喷洒至颗粒机中的流化小球上。在约200kPa(2巴)的雾化气压下,以约4-5g/分钟的初始递送速率喷洒分散体。在递送约30%的所喷洒的分散体后,递送速率增加至9-11g/分钟。
当喷雾过程完成时,所包衣的球用40-60℃的干燥进口空气干燥约10分钟。接着将包衣小球在流化床中用20-25℃的进口空气温度冷却约5-10分钟。用35目筛确定干燥的药物包衣的小球的尺寸,并弃去通过筛子的小球。
将保留在筛子上的小球置于装配有Wurster插入物的流化床颗粒机并用50-60℃干燥进口空气加热。在约250kPa(2.5巴)的雾化气压下,以约400-500g/分钟的递送速率将之前制备的功能性包衣分散体(在适量水中)喷洒至流化小球上。当喷雾过程完成后,将小球用50-55℃的干燥进口空气干燥约10分钟。在流化床中用20-25℃的干燥进口空气将包衣的小球冷却约5-10分钟。
将密封涂覆的颗粒与“最终掺混物”成分掺混并填充进硬胶囊中。
实施例16
将根据实施例10B制备的美他沙酮胶囊剂与目前市场上的800mg美他沙酮片剂产品比较,用于药物溶出研究。使用USP类型2溶出装置(浆法)以50RPM的浆旋转将四份200mg美他沙酮胶囊剂与一份单独的SKELAXIN 800mg片剂在500mL的pH6.8,50mM磷酸盐缓冲液中溶出。结果示于下表14中,其中括号中的值是来自三次重复的相对标准偏差百分数。
与市场上的产品相比,实施例的美他沙酮胶囊剂显示了药物的增加的溶出速率和过饱和。
Claims (23)
1.一种稳定的纳米混悬剂,其包含:
a)包含水溶性表面活性剂和水溶性聚合物的水溶液,其中药学活性成分的颗粒悬浮在所述水溶液中;和
b)与所述水溶液结合的松团剂,其中所述松团剂保持所述颗粒的平均尺寸小于约800nm;
且其中所述松团剂保持高于所述药学活性成分在所述纳米混悬剂中的溶解度的所述药学活性成分的过饱和的浓度。
2.如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述松团剂为阴离子型聚合物。
3.如权利要求2所述的制剂,其中所述阴离子型聚合物为甲基丙烯酸与选自由丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的组成的组的丙烯酸酯的共聚物。
4.如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述松团剂为阳离子型聚合物。
5.如权利要求4所述的制剂,其中所述阳离子型聚合物是基于甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物。
6.如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述药学活性成分对所述松团剂的比率为20:1至1:20。
7.如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述药学活性成分对所述松团剂的比率为5:1至1:5。
8.如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述药学活性成分对所述松团剂的比率为3:1至1:3。
9.如权利要求1所述的纳米混悬剂,其中所述药学活性成分的颗粒具有小于约500nm的平均尺寸。
10.如权利要求1所述的纳米混悬剂,其中所述水溶性表面活性剂选自由多库酯盐和十二烷基硫酸钠组成的组。
11.如权利要求1所述的纳米混悬剂,其中水溶性聚合物选自由羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素组成的组。
12.如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中水溶剂被从所述药物组合物中除去以形成干燥粉末。
13.一种药物组合物,其包含惰性颗粒固体支持物,所述惰性颗粒固体支持物被如权利要求1所述的纳米混悬剂涂覆以形成包衣颗粒,所述组合物还包含至少一种添加剂、赋形剂或载体。
14.如权利要求13所述的药物组合物,其中所述纳米混悬剂被喷雾涂覆至所述固体支持物上。
15.如权利要求13所述的药物组合物,其中所述惰性颗粒固体支持物选自由蔗糖、乳糖、甘露醇、淀粉、磷酸钙、纤维素和酒石酸组成的组。
16.如权利要求13所述的药物组合物,其中所述包衣颗粒被另外的包衣聚合物层涂覆。
17.如权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物被装载进胶囊中。
18.如权利要求13所述的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物被装载进胶囊中。
19.如权利要求13所述的药物组合物,其中所述包衣颗粒与药学赋形剂掺混,并压缩成片剂。
20.一种治疗患者的方法,其包括施用如权利要求1所述的纳米混悬剂。
21.一种治疗患者的方法,其包括施用如权利要求13所述的药物组合物。
22.如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,所述组合物还包含至少一种添加剂、赋形剂或载体。
23.一种稳定的纳米混悬剂,其包括:
a)包含水溶性表面活性剂和水溶性聚合物的水溶液,其中药学活性成分的颗粒悬浮于所述水溶液中;和
b)与所述水溶液结合的松团剂,其中所述松团剂保持所述颗粒的平均尺寸小于约800nm。
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CN112261935A (zh) * | 2018-08-14 | 2021-01-22 | 江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司 | 一种可注射的药物组合物及其制备方法 |
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CA2895529C (en) | 2018-08-21 |
AU2013361292A1 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
BR112015014523A2 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
US20150335753A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
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Application publication date: 20151028 |