CN104998087A - 一种治疗原发性高血压的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗原发性高血压的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104998087A CN104998087A CN201510525486.5A CN201510525486A CN104998087A CN 104998087 A CN104998087 A CN 104998087A CN 201510525486 A CN201510525486 A CN 201510525486A CN 104998087 A CN104998087 A CN 104998087A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗原发性高血压的中药组合物,属于中药技术领域。该中药组合物由以下原料制备而成:罗布麻、臭梧桐、夏枯草、茵陈、钩藤、川芎、大枣、石斛、枸杞、山药、苍术、山楂和甘草。本发明中药组合物药物组方合理,协同作用强,用于治疗原发性高血压疗效显著,药效稳定,药物副作用小,具有显著的临床推广价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,尤其涉及一种治疗原发性高血压的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
按WHO的标准,人体正常的血压为收缩压<140mmHg和(或)舒张压<90mmHg,超过这一范围即可诊断为高血压。高血压是常见的心血管疾病,其定义为体循坏动脉压持续性增高。继发于肾、内分泌和神经系统疾病的高血压病称为继发性高血压病,占高血压患者的5%-10%;而至今尚未阐明其原因的高血压病,称为原发性高血压。原发性高血压占高血压患者的90%以上,常伴有脂肪和糖代谢紊乱以及心、脑、肾和视网膜等器官功能性或器质性改变,是脑卒中(脑梗塞和脑出血)、冠心病、视网膜病变、肾脏损害(肾小球梗塞、肾衰)的致病因素,研究表明,心脑血管疾病的发病率和死亡率与血压的增高程度密切相关。
西医目前的研究认为,原发性高血压是遗传、环境、解剖结构、适应性、神经、内分泌、体液和血流动力学多方面综合作用的结果,是一种某些先天性遗传基因与许多致病性增压因素和生理性减压因素相互作用而引起的多因素疾病。除遗传因素外,生活中高钠低钾膳食、饮酒等不良饮食习惯以及超重、肥胖、长期精神紧张、缺乏运动等均有可能诱发高血压。所以,临床上高血压的治疗注重药物治疗外和非药物治疗之间的配合,即注重生活方式干预和降压药物治疗之间的配合。西医临床经常应用的降压药物主要有钙离子桔抗剂(CaA)、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)、β体阻滞剂、利尿剂这四类,其次还有C受体阻滞剂、血管扩张剂等,这些药物通常都会具有较大的副作用,价格也较为昂贵,药物的安全性和患者的耐受性及依从性有待提高。
高血压大多起病缓慢、渐进,以动脉血压升高和持久为只要病症,此外还有头晕、头痛、颈项板紧、疲劳、心悸等症状。中医对高血压的阐述属于中医学眩晕、头痛等病证范畴,其病机是由于气血阴阳失调,使脑髓空虚,脉络失养,或清阳不展,或火扰清窍产生了高血压诸症。高血压形成之后,内伤积损在痰湿中阻,气血亏虚,肾阴不足,阴虚阳亢等中介病机的存在进一步发展,如果气血瘀阻于脑,则可成为脑血栓而卒中,或瘀阻于心则为胸痹、心绞痛。如果气血上逆,挟痰挟火于清窍,则可出现脑出血卒中。如果内伤积损日久,伤于肾脾,使肾失开合,牌失汽化,水湿内停,即发生水肿、肾衰等病证。
中国专利申请200710014082.5公开了一种内服治疗高血压的中药组合物,其有效成分的原料药主要包括:灵芝6-9克,当归6-12克,冬虫夏草5-10克,龙胆草3-6克,钩藤3-12克,罗布麻叶6-12克,杜仲3-6克,决明子10-15克,夏枯草9-15克,珍珠母10-20克,甘草4-8克和地龙5-10克。该中药组合物治疗高血压具有疗效确切,治愈后不复发的优点,但原料药成本高,药物价格昂贵,不易于推广应用。
目前医学界认为,原发性高血压是一终身性疾病,目前尚未报道有任何药物彻底治愈高血压,患者需长期服用抗高血压药物治疗。降压药物需要长期或终身应用,药物的安全性和患者的耐受性十分重要,中药治疗高血压药物副作用小且药效稳定,可长期安全用药,前景广阔,但现有预防和治疗高血压的中药存在效果不显著,起效慢等不足,寻求一种效果显著,起效快,服用方便的中药组合物,对原发性高血压的临床治疗具有重要的意义。
发明内容
为了弥补现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种治疗原发性高血压的中药组合物,该中药组合物具有平肝降压、利湿行气、活血化瘀、益气补肾的功效,同时也具备起效快、治疗效果显著、药效稳定、药物副作用低等优势,可以作为治疗原发性高血压病的初始用药或长期维持用药,同时本发明中药组合物成本低、服用方便,易于推广应用。
同时,本发明还提供相应的制造工艺将该中药在保证疗效的前提下制成方便易用的成品制剂。
本发明中药组合物由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
罗布麻23-28份、臭梧桐18-26份、夏枯草14-20份、茵陈13-17份、钩藤15-22份、川芎16-23份、大枣8-12份、石斛6-14份、枸杞7-15份、山药10-17份、苍术5-12份、山楂11-17份和甘草5-13份。
优选地,所述的中药组合物由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:罗布麻23份、臭梧桐18份、夏枯草14份、茵陈13份、钩藤15份、川芎16份、大枣8份、石斛6份、枸杞7份、山药10份、苍术5份、山楂11份和甘草5份。
优选地,所述的中药组合物由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:罗布麻28份、臭梧桐26份、夏枯草20份、茵陈17份、钩藤22份、川芎23份、大枣12份、石斛14份、枸杞15份、山药17份、苍术12份、山楂17份和甘草13份。
优选地,所述的中药组合物由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:罗布麻26份、臭梧桐23份、夏枯草18份、茵陈15份、钩藤18份、川芎20份、大枣10份、石斛11份、枸杞13份、山药14份、苍术8份、山楂13份和甘草9份。
本发明中药组合物的制备方法主要包括以下步骤:
取各药材,粉碎,加药材总重量7-10倍量的水浸泡2-4h,煎煮2-3h,过滤;滤渣加入药材总重量4-6倍量的水煎煮1-2h,过滤;合并两次滤液,减压浓缩至60-65℃环境下相对密度为1.05-1.25的浸膏;加入乙醇至含醇量为60-90%(v/v),静置12-36h,取上清液,回收乙醇,减压浓缩至60-65℃环境下相对密度为1.20-1.25的浸膏,即得本发明中药浸膏。
利用现代通用的中药组合物技术,本发明中药组合物可制成临床需要的成品制剂,如颗粒剂、丸剂、散剂、片剂、胶囊剂或口服液等剂型。
本发明药物组方的组方分析:
本发明药物组方以罗布麻和臭梧桐为君药,降血压,清肝火,利湿行气;以夏枯草、茵陈、钩藤和川芎为臣药,平肝降压,清热利湿,活血行气;以大枣、石斛、枸杞、山药、苍术和山楂为佐药,行气散瘀,滋补肝肾,补中益气,养血安神;以甘草为使药,缓急止痛,清热解毒,调和诸药,使诸药搭配,协同作用,共同达到平肝降压,利湿行气,活血化瘀,益气补肾的功效,对原发性高血压具有十分显著的治疗效果。
本发明还公开上述中药组合物的一种用途,即上述中药组合物在制备治疗原发性高血压药物中的用途。本发明中药组合物治疗大鼠原发性高血压模型试验显示,本发明中药组合物用于治疗原发性高血压具有显著降低血压的效果,同时对大鼠的心率也有一定的减慢作用;临床试验也显示,本发明药物组合用于治疗原发性高血压,效果显著,对原发性高血压常见的临床症状如眩晕、头痛等也具有显著的改善作用,治疗原发性高血压的平均总有效率达93.78%,其治疗效果显著高于阳性对照药。本发明中药组合物治疗效果显著,起效快,药物副作用低,可作为治疗原发性高血压药物使用,临床推广价值高。
与现有技术相比,本发明中药组合物具有如下技术优势:
(1)与当前原发性高血压的治疗方法相比,本发明中药组合物为天然纯中药组合物,毒副作用小,长期服用也能避免或减少药物的不良反应,且本发明中药组合物药效稳定,使用方便,药物依从性高,适用于原发性高血压的长期治疗。
(2)药理实验显示,本发明中药组合物作为治疗原发性高血压的药物使用时,药物作用全面,具有起效快,疗效好等显著的治疗优势,可有效降低高血压并发症的发生,提高患者的生活质量。
(3)本发明中药组合物制备工艺简单,原料易得,同时也具有药效稳定、起效快、毒副作用低和易于推广应用等优点。
具体实施方式
以下将通过具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,本领域技术人员应理解,本发明除以下实施例外还可做出其他类似的改变获得相似的结果而不脱离本发明的内容和精神范围。
实施例1 中药颗粒剂制备
实施例1中药组合物由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
罗布麻23份、臭梧桐18份、夏枯草14份、茵陈13份、钩藤15份、川芎16份、大枣8份、石斛6份、枸杞7份、山药10份、苍术5份、山楂11份和甘草5份。
制备方法如下:
(1)取各药材,粉碎,加药材总重量8倍量的水浸泡2h,煎煮3h,过滤;滤渣加入药材总重量5倍量的水煎煮2h,过滤;合并两次滤液,减压浓缩至60℃环境下相对密度为1.10的浸膏;加入乙醇至含醇量为70%(v/v),静置24h,取上清液,回收乙醇,减压浓缩至60℃环境下相对密度为1.25的浸膏,即得本发明中药浸膏;
(2)取上述浸膏1份,蔗糖2份,糊精1.3份,制成软材,过16目筛制颗粒,干燥,每袋10g,分装,即得到本发明中药颗粒剂。
实施例2 中药颗粒剂制备
实施例2中药组合物由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
罗布麻28份、臭梧桐26份、夏枯草20份、茵陈17份、钩藤22份、川芎23份、大枣12份、石斛14份、枸杞15份、山药17份、苍术12份、山楂17份和甘草13份。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3 中药片剂制备
实施例3中药组合物由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
罗布麻26份、臭梧桐23份、夏枯草18份、茵陈15份、钩藤18份、川芎20份、大枣10份、石斛11份、枸杞13份、山药14份、苍术8份、山楂13份和甘草9份。
制备方法如下:
(1)取各药材,粉碎,加药材总重量9倍量的水浸泡3h,煎煮2h,过滤;滤渣加入药材总重量6倍量的水煎煮2h,过滤;合并两次滤液,减压浓缩至60℃环境下相对密度为1.10的浸膏;加入乙醇至含醇量为80%(v/v),静置24h,取上清液,回收乙醇,减压浓缩至60℃环境下相对密度为1.20的浸膏,即得本发明中药浸膏;
(2)取上述浸膏与适量淀粉混匀,减压干燥,粉碎,过80目筛,所得细粉按4:1的比例加淀粉稀释,备用;
(3)取上述细粉用60%乙醇按喷雾法润湿,制软材,过14目筛得湿粒,湿粒在60℃烘干,干粒过14目筛整粒,再加入干粒总重量0.5%的硬脂酸镁混匀,压片,每片重0.25g,包衣,即得本发明中药片剂。
实施例4 中药片剂制备
实施例4中药组合物由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
罗布麻25份、臭梧桐19份、夏枯草17份、茵陈14份、钩藤20份、川芎17份、大枣12份、石斛11份、枸杞14份、山药14份、苍术8份、山楂13份和甘草10份。
制备方法同实施例3。
本发明中药组合物药效学研究:
试验一:本发明中药组合物的临床试验
(一)诊断标准及受试对象选择
参照《中国高血压防治指南》(2010年修订版)和《中药新药临床研究指导原则》的“高血压病的诊断依据”的内容拟定。
1、西医诊断标准,见表1.
表1 血压水平定义和分类
在未使用降压药物的情况下,非同日3次测量血压,收缩压≥140mmHg和/或舒张压≥90mmHg,即可诊断为原发性高血压。
2、中医证候诊断标准
1)肝火亢盛证
主症:眩晕、头痛、急躁易怒。
次症:面红、目赤、口干、口苦、便秘、溲赤、舌红苔黄、脉弦数。
2)阴虚阳亢证
主症:眩晕、头痛、腰酸、膝软、五心烦热。
次症:心悸、失眠、耳鸣、健忘、舌红少苔、脉弦细而数。
3)痰湿壅盛证
主症:眩晕、头痛、头如裹、胸闷、呕吐痰诞。
次症:心悸、失眠、口淡、食少、舌胖苔腻、脉滑。
4)阴阳两虚证
主症:眩晕、头痛、腰酸、膝软、畏寒肢冷。
次症:耳鸣、心悸、气短、夜尿频、舌淡苔白、脉沉细弱。
满足高血压病西医诊断标准及中医证候诊断标准,年龄在18-65岁之间,未用药,或服用高血压药物但停药两周后,获得知情同意书者,可纳入试验病例。
3、排除及剔除病例标准
1)继发性高血压;
2)年龄在18岁以下或65岁以上,妊娠期或哺乳期妇女,或对本药过敏者;
3)合并有心脑血管、肝肾和造血系统等严重原发性疾病,精神病患者;
4)不符合纳入标准、未按规定用药、无法判断疗效或资料不全影响疗效或安全性判断者。
(二)临床试验方案
1、一般资料
按诊断标准筛选得到300例符合原发性高血压诊断标准的临床志愿者患者,男178例,女122例,年龄32-64岁,平均年龄51岁。按随机、双盲、平行、对照的原则分成治疗A组、治疗B组、治疗C组和对照组四组,每组各75例,两组患者在性别、年龄、病种、病情分布等影响因素,经统计学处理,无显著性差异,符合分组条件。
2、试验药物及试验方法
治疗组:根据本发明实施例1-3的配方,制备本发明中药片剂,分别作为治疗A、B、C组的试验药物,制备方法同实施例3。治疗方式为一次4片,一天三次,以4周为一个疗程,3个疗程后评定疗效。
对照组:对照药物为罗布麻降压片(国药准字Z20093153,哈药集团中药二厂),治疗方式同治疗组。
3、疗效判定标准
显效:1)舒张压下降10mmHg以上,并达到正常范围;2)舒张压虽未降至正常但已下降20mmHg或以上。须具备其中1项。
有效:1)舒张压下降不及10mmHg,但已达到正常范围;2)舒张压较治疗前下降10-19mmHg,但未达到正常范围;3)收缩压较治疗前下降30mmHg以上。须具备其中1项。
无效:未达以上标准者。
4、治疗结果,如表2所示
表2 治疗效果
5、试验结论
临床试验数据显示,本发明中药组合物对于原发性高血压治疗效果显著,平均显效率为67.56%,平均总有效率为93.78%,显著高于对照药的总有效率为77.33%。治疗C组,即实施例3制备得到的本发明中药组合物治疗原发性高血压的总有效率达到97.33%,为本发明中药组合物的最优技术方案。临床观察发现,服用本发明中药组合物两个疗程后,患者血压明显下降,眩晕、头痛等临床症状也明显减轻,治疗期间未见任何不良反应。临床试验证明,本发明中药组合物降压效果显著,用药安全性高,可作为治疗原发性高血压药物使用,临床推广价值高。
试验二:本发明中药组合物治疗原发性高血压大鼠的实验研究
1、试验动物:正常健康的10周龄Wistar-Kyoto大鼠10只,清洁级,体重190-210g,雄性,设为正常对照组。原发性高血压大鼠(SHR)50只,清洁级,10周龄,体重200-240g,雄性,随机分成5组,每组10只。
2、试验药物及给药方案:
本发明药物试验组:试验药物为本发明实施例3制得的本发明中药片剂,研末后用水调配成浓度为0.6g/ml、0.4g/ml和0.2g/ml的溶液,备用。取3组原发性高血压大鼠,标记为高剂量组(1.2g/kg)、中剂量组(0.8g/kg)和低剂量组(0.4g/kg),高剂量组用浓度为0.6g/ml的药物溶液,中剂量组用浓度为0.4g/ml的药物溶液,高剂量组用浓度为0.2g/ml的药物溶液,按剂量每天早、晚各灌胃给药一次,连续给药20d。
模型对照组:取1组原发性高血压大鼠,等容积生理盐水每天早、晚各灌胃一次,连续灌胃20d。
阳性对照组:阳性对照药为罗布麻降压片(国药准字Z20093153,哈药集团中药二厂),研末后用水调配成0.6g/ml的溶液,取1组原发性高血压大鼠,按1.2g/kg的剂量每天早、晚各灌胃给药一次,连续给药20d。
正常对照组:等容积生理盐水每天早、晚各灌胃一次,连续灌胃20d。
3、血压、心率的测定:初次灌胃给药前2h及末次给药2h后,测定各组大鼠的尾动脉收缩压及心率。测压前将大鼠放入(37±1)℃电热恒温箱内预热15min,测压时连续测3次,取平均值作为测定值。
4、试验结果:如表3所示。
表3 各组大鼠尾动脉收缩压变化
注:与正常对照组比较,* P<0.05,** P<0.01;与模型对照组比较,& P<0.05,&& P<0.01;与阳性对照组比较,# P<0.05,## P<0.01。
5、试验结论
本发明中药组合物治疗原发性高血压大鼠的实验研究显示,本发明中药组合物能显著降低原发性高血压模型大鼠的血压(P<0.01),其中本发明中药组合物的中剂量组和高剂量组的降压效果均显著优于阳性对照组。同时,本发明中药组合物还具备减慢原发性高血压模型大鼠心率的作用,低剂量组与中剂量组的效果与阳性对照组相当,高剂量组的作用效果与阳性对照组比较具有显著性的差异。
综上,本发明中药组合物用于治疗原发性高血压降压效果明显,治疗效果显著,具有很大的临床应用价值。
Claims (7)
1.一种治疗原发性高血压的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的中药组合物由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:罗布麻23-28份、臭梧桐18-26份、夏枯草14-20份、茵陈13-17份、钩藤15-22份、川芎16-23份、大枣8-12份、石斛6-14份、枸杞7-15份、山药10-17份、苍术5-12份、山楂11-17份和甘草5-13份。
2.如权利要求1所述的治疗原发性高血压的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的中药组合物由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:罗布麻23份、臭梧桐18份、夏枯草14份、茵陈13份、钩藤15份、川芎16份、大枣8份、石斛6份、枸杞7份、山药10份、苍术5份、山楂11份和甘草5份。
3.如权利要求1所述的治疗原发性高血压的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的中药组合物由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:罗布麻28份、臭梧桐26份、夏枯草20份、茵陈17份、钩藤22份、川芎23份、大枣12份、石斛14份、枸杞15份、山药17份、苍术12份、山楂17份和甘草13份。
4.如权利要求1所述的治疗原发性高血压的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的中药组合物由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:罗布麻26份、臭梧桐23份、夏枯草18份、茵陈15份、钩藤18份、川芎20份、大枣10份、石斛11份、枸杞13份、山药14份、苍术8份、山楂13份和甘草9份。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的治疗原发性高血压的中药组合物,其特征在于:所述的中药组合物为颗粒剂、丸剂、散剂、片剂、胶囊剂或口服液。
6.一种制备如权利要求1-4任一项所述的治疗原发性高血压的中药组合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的制备方法包括以下步骤:取各药材,粉碎,加药材总重量7-10倍量的水浸泡2-4h,煎煮2-3h,过滤;滤渣加入药材总重量4-6倍量的水煎煮1-2h,过滤;合并两次滤液,减压浓缩至60-65℃环境下相对密度为1.05-1.25的浸膏;加入乙醇至含醇量为60-90%v/v,静置12-36h,取上清液,回收乙醇,减压浓缩至60-65℃环境下相对密度为1.20-1.25的浸膏,即得中药浸膏。
7.权利要求1所述的中药组合物在制备治疗原发性高血压药物中的用途。
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