CN104884523A - 纤维光缆的光纤余长改善的高密度聚乙烯基缓冲管 - Google Patents
纤维光缆的光纤余长改善的高密度聚乙烯基缓冲管 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104884523A CN104884523A CN201380067334.4A CN201380067334A CN104884523A CN 104884523 A CN104884523 A CN 104884523A CN 201380067334 A CN201380067334 A CN 201380067334A CN 104884523 A CN104884523 A CN 104884523A
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- cyclohexane cyclohexanedimethanodibasic
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJJZFXPJNUVBMR-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium benzoate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PJJZFXPJNUVBMR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-alpha-hexadecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005574 norbornylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEWVCWPKCLVUCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanedioic acid;sodium Chemical compound [Na].OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O OEWVCWPKCLVUCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEOFCEONCFPUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanedioic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O UEOFCEONCFPUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113162 oleylamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004300 potassium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010235 potassium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940103091 potassium benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006126 semicrystalline polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012748 slip agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000326 ultraviolet stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- JDLYKQWJXAQNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dibenzoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JDLYKQWJXAQNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种组合物,包含高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和成核组分与任选的添加剂的掺合物,其量可有效地减少经挤压组合物和由所述组合物制成的组件的收缩。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和成核组分的可挤压掺合物构成的组合物、由所述组合物制成的纤维光缆保护组件以及减少所述组件的光纤余长和挤压后收缩的方法。
背景技术
光纤可有效地以高速率和长距离传输信息。这些纤维是脆弱的并且需要受到保护。按照惯例,将一或多个光纤并入到纤维光缆中,所述纤维光缆保护纤维免遭机械损伤和/或不良环境条件,例如暴露于水分。保护组件的实例包括挤制缓冲管、芯管和开槽芯部件。
在US 2006/0045439(布朗(Brown)等人;陶氏化学公司(The Dow ChemicalCompany))中描述了疏松缓冲管光缆的典型构造,一种常见的光缆设计。简单来说,所述光缆经构造使得缓冲管围绕中心强度部件径向定位并且沿着轴向长度螺旋旋转缠绕。呈螺旋旋转的缓冲管安排允许弯曲缆线,但不显著拉伸所述管或其中所含的光纤。缓冲管通常填充有并有烃油的光缆润滑脂,所述润滑脂围绕光纤并且消除空气间隙。所述润滑脂提供防渗水的屏障,渗水对光学传输性能可能是不利的。如果使用减少数量的缓冲管,那么可以使用一或多个泡沫填充棒作为低成本间隔物来占据一或多个缓冲管位置,从而维持缆线几何形状。通常,通过使用例如并有遇水膨胀高吸收性聚合物的纱线或缆芯包带的组件将阻水功能并入到缆芯中。围绕在护套内的元件通常由聚乙烯构成。
疏松缓冲管缆线的设计元素可以例如根据中心强度和抗拉部件的大小和构造材料、缓冲管的尺寸和数量以及金属防护层和多层护套材料的使用情况而变化。其它组件例如中心强度部件上的阻水处理,或用于帮助移开护套以便安装的开伞索,也是常见元件。另一个变化是消除缓冲管润滑脂并且在缓冲管内采用高吸收性阻水功能,例如纱线或粉末。
US 2006/0045439还描述了并有芯管(也称为“中心管”)的典型光缆。简单来说,所述光纤接近缆线中心定位在中心圆柱形芯管内。光纤成束嵌入在填充材料中,所述填充材料被圆柱形芯管围绕。位于芯管表面上的开伞索被阻水带围绕。波纹状经涂布钢筒围绕所述带用于保护光纤束。导线强度部件提供具有强度和硬度的缆线。被护套围绕的组件通常由聚乙烯构成。在所述设计中,将所有机械功能全部并入到外鞘系统中,所述外鞘系统由以下各者构成:芯管、聚烯烃护套层、抗拉和抗压强度部件、金属防护层、缆芯包带、阻水组件以及其它组件。芯管的直径通常大于缓冲管以便容纳光纤束或含有光纤的带状组件。芯管通常含有围绕光纤组件的阻水润滑脂,但是可以使用并有高吸收性聚合物元件以便阻水的干式设计。芯管组件的最佳材料特征类似于缓冲管应用的那些。
US 2006/0045439进一步描述了并有开槽芯管的光缆的实施例。简单来说,开槽芯管具有中心部件用于防止挤制开槽芯剖面形状的屈曲并且控制其收缩。开槽芯管包括定位有光纤的狭槽。填充棒可以任选地占据一或多个狭槽。所述开槽芯被阻水层围绕,所述阻水层可以包括一或多个开伞索。所述阻水层被介电强度部件层围绕,所述介电强度部件层又被通常由聚乙烯构成的护套围绕。
一般使用高模量材料制造光缆,从而提供具有良好压碎强度的缆线和挤制光缆保护组件(例如,缓冲管、芯管和开槽芯管)。挤制光缆保护组件通常填充有提供阻水功能的烃基润滑脂(也称为“凝胶”)。这些润滑脂通常含有低分子量烃油,所述低分子量烃油会被吸收到聚合物管材料中,有害地影响机械性质,例如降低弯曲模量和抗压碎性。抗压碎性降低会损害光缆性能,使得光纤更易受机械应力的影响,导致信号衰减增加。另外,在若干应用条件下,抗压碎性的丢失增加了因光纤的机械损伤引起灾难性故障的可能性。因此,最小吸油量与良好保持弯曲模量和抗压碎性(通常称为“润滑脂相容性”)是聚合材料用于挤制光缆保护组件的重要性能特征。
不同聚合材料已经展示出不同的润滑脂(凝胶)吸收特征。举例来说,聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)已经展示出在光学润滑脂中调节之后,物理性质仅极少改变;然而聚烯烃聚合物已经展示出更大的性质改变。更高结晶聚烯烃材料通常展示出相比于更加无定形的材料,性质改变大大减少;并且冲击改性聚丙烯(IMPP)很容易吸收润滑脂。
挤制光缆保护组件的另一个重要性能参数是挤压后收缩特征。当制造含有光纤的挤制光缆保护组件时,重要的是光纤不具有过量松弛(称为“光纤余长”或EFL)的光信号传输。在挤压工艺期间发生的光缆保护组件的快速收缩通常不会造成EFL,因为在所述工艺期间光纤被适当地拉紧。然而,挤制保护组件(例如,缓冲管)的挤压后收缩会引起所含光纤的EFL,造成纤维延伸超出保护组件的末端,导致光纤上的应力和信号衰减。
所述收缩可能发生在制造工艺的后期,在摩擦力已经胜过纤维拉紧能力之后或在所述组件的制造之后。挤制光缆保护组件的收缩的两种主要机制是在管塑形挤压工艺期间聚合物熔体的粘弹性拉伸的应变恢复,和由聚合物基质的连续再结晶产生的固态退火收缩。为了提供展现低挤压后收缩和低EFL的光缆保护组件,希望使用可以提供粘弹性熔体应力的快速松弛并且使后续退火收缩降到最低的材料。
聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)由于高硬度和抗变形性(弯曲模量>2,400MPa)以及由挤压后收缩引起的EFL低这些性能属性而常常被用于缓冲管应用。然而,PBT相比于聚烯烃基化合物相对较贵,尤其是基于每体积成本。
在缓冲管和芯管应用中,一直以来还使用更低成本的聚烯烃材料,例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和冲击改性聚丙烯。然而,因为HDPE相比于例如聚丙烯(PP)和PBT的材料来说,模量更低、抗压碎性更低并且挤压后收缩水平增加,所以为了避免对信号衰减性能不利的高水平EFL,制造时需要特别注意。另外,虽然HDPE提供的光学润滑脂相容性水平高于IMPP,但是IMPP和HDPE均具有实质上低于PBT的模量和抗压碎性,尤其是在润滑脂暴露之后。因此,在缓冲管应用中使用HDPE替换PBT或PP一直受到限制。
希望提供一种基于HDPE的可以用于制造适用于纤维光缆的收缩和EFL降低的挤制光缆保护组件的材料。
发明内容
在一个实施例中,本发明是一种组合物,包含:
A.高密度聚乙烯(HDPE);和
B.成核组分,主要由以下各者组成:
(1)环己烷二甲酸金属盐;和
(2)成核剂,选自由以下组成的群组:金属碳酸盐、金属氧化物、脂肪族或芳香族单羧酸或二羧酸的金属盐、C8到C24饱和脂肪酸、结晶二氧化硅(石英)、苯甲酸C1到C18烷基酯、二亚苄基山梨糖醇和衍生物、2,6-萘二甲酰胺、聚乙烯基环己烷、高结晶度聚丙烯(HCPP)、支化聚丙烯以及其组合。
在实施例中,所述组合物包含95wt%到99.5wt%高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和0.5wt%到5wt%成核组分,其中A和B的重量百分比(wt%)以A+B组分的总重量计。
在实施例中,组合物的成核组分基本上由7wt%到10wt%环己烷二甲酸金属盐和90wt%到93wt%成核剂组成,其中环己烷二甲酸金属盐和成核剂的重量百分比(wt%)以成核组分的总重量计。
在实施例中,高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)是单峰HDPE。
在实施例中,所述经挤压组合物的1天收缩量(在21℃下)比具有相同配方但是不含成核组分或不含环己烷二甲酸金属盐组分或第二成核剂中的任一个的经挤压组合物小15%到30%。
另一方面,本发明提供用于由如本文中所公开的组合物制成的纤维光缆的缓冲管或其它保护组件(例如,芯管、开槽芯管等)。
在又另一个方面,本发明提供一种减少聚合物缓冲管或其它保护组件(例如,芯管、开槽芯管等)的光纤余长的方法,所述方法包含从如本文中所公开的组合物挤压缓冲管或其它保护组件。
具体实施方式
定义
除非相反地陈述、由上下文暗示或在本领域中惯用,否则所有份数和百分比都以重量计。出于美国专利实践的目的,任何参考的专利、专利申请或公布的内容尤其关于合成技术、产品以及加工设计、聚合物、催化剂、定义(达到与本发明中特定提供的任何定义不得相互矛盾的程度)以及本领域中的一般知识的公开内容以其全文引用的方式并入(或其等效美国版因此以引用的方式并入)。
除非另外指明,否则本发明中的数值范围是大致的,并且因此可以包括在所述范围外的值。数值范围包括从下限值到上限值中以一个单位递增的所有值,并且包括下限值和上限值,其限制条件是任何较低值和任何较高值之间存在至少两个单位的间隔。举例来说,如果例如分子量、重量百分比等的组合特性、物理特性或其它特性是100到1,000,那么含义是所有单独值(例如100、101、102等)和子范围(例如100到144、155到170、197到200等)都得以明确地列举。对于含有小于一的值或含有大于一的分数(例如0.9、1.1等)的范围,适当时认为一个单位是0.0001、0.001、0.01或0.1。对于含有小于十的个位数的范围(例如1到5),通常认为一个单位是0.1。这些仅是具体意指的内容的实例,并且所列举的最低值和最高值之间的数值的全部可能组合都应被视为明确陈述在本发明中。在本发明内尤其针对本发明组合物中的各种组分的量提供数值范围,并且对这些组合物和由这些组合物制成的光缆保护组件的各种特征和性质加以定义。
“导线”和类似术语意指单股导电金属,例如铜或铝,或铜包铝,或单股光纤。
“缆线”、“电力缆线”和类似术语意指在外鞘(例如绝缘套或保护性外护套)内的至少一根导线或光纤。缆线通常是绑在一起的两根或更多根导线或光纤,通常在常见绝缘套和/或保护性护套中。外鞘内的个别导线或纤维可以是裸露的、经覆盖的或被隔离的。组合缆线可以含有电线和光纤两者。电绝缘应用一般分成低压绝缘,其是低于1kV(一千伏)的那些;中等电压绝缘,其在1kV k到30kV范围内;高压绝缘,其在30kV到150kV范围内;以及超高压绝缘,其用于高于150kV的应用(如由国际电工委员会(International Electrotechnical Commission;IEC)所定义)。典型缆线设计说明于USP5,246,783、USP 6,496,629和USP 6,714,707中。典型缆线设计说明于US 2006/0045439中。
“组合物”和类似术语意指两种或更多种组分的混合物或掺合物。
“互聚物”和类似术语意指通过至少两种不同类型的单体的聚合制备的聚合物。因此,通用术语互聚物包括共聚物(用以指由两种不同类型的单体制备的聚合物)和由两种以上不同类型的单体制备的聚合物。
“包含”、“包括”、“具有”以及其派生词并不打算排除任何额外组分、步骤或程序的存在,不论是否特定地将其公开。为了避免任何疑问,除非相反地说明,否则通过使用术语“包含”所要求的所有组合物可以包括任何额外添加剂、佐剂或化合物,无论聚合或以其它方式。相反,术语“主要由……组成”从任何随后列举的范围中排除任何其它组分、步骤或程序,除了对可操作性来说不是必不可少的那些之外。术语“由……组成”不包括没有特定叙述或列出的任何组分、步骤或程序。
概述
本发明是针对从高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和成核组分与任选的添加剂/填充剂的可挤压掺合物制造的挤制光缆保护组件,其以可有效地提供所述挤制组件的弯曲模量、冲击强度、抗润滑脂性和降低(低)收缩的平衡的量存在。
在实施例中,所述组合物提供具有至少500MPa正割模量(2%正割)、至少500%断裂伸长率并且在21℃下24小时之后挤制组件的收缩量小于1.5%的挤制组件。
在实施例中,经挤压组合物(HDPE+成核组分)的24小时收缩量(在21℃下)通常比具有相同配方但是不含成核组分或不含环己烷二甲酸金属盐组分或第二成核剂中的任一个的经挤压的HDPE聚合物组合物小15%到30%,并且更通常小20%到25%。
高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)
所述聚合物掺合物组合物包括高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)聚合物。如本文中所用的术语“高密度聚乙烯”聚合物和“HDPE”聚合物是指密度大于0.940g/cm3的乙烯均聚物或共聚物。
HDPE聚合物的密度通常是0.940g/cm3到0.980g/cm3、更通常至少0.942g/cm3、更通常至少0.970g/cm3、并且更通常至少0.944g/cm3、并且通常是0.944g/cm3到0.965g/cm3、并且更通常0.945g/cm3到0.955g/cm3,如根据ASTM D-792所测量。在一些实施例中,所述HDPE聚合物是密度是0.940g/cm3到0.958g/cm3的乙烯共聚物。
HDPE聚合物的熔融指数(MI,I2)通常是0.01g/10min到10g/10min、更通常至少0.5g/10min、并且通常是0.6g/10min到1.0g/10min、并且更通常0.7g/10min到0.9g/10min,如根据ASTM D-1238,条件190℃/2.16千克(kg)所测量。
HDPE聚合物的熔体流动速率(MFR)通常是小于或等于1.6g/10min、更通常小于1.5g/10min、并且通常是1.3g/10min到1.7g/10min、更通常1.4g/10min到1.6g/10min,如根据ASTM D-1238,条件230℃/2.16kg所测量。
HDPE聚合物是半结晶聚合物,结晶度通常是55%到90%,如通过差示扫描热量测定(DSC)所测量。
HDPE的数均分子量Mn通常介于50,000到250,000的范围内。
HDPE聚合物包含至少50wt%、优选地至少60wt%并且更优选地至少80wt%的衍生自乙烯单体单元的单元。烯系互聚物的其它单元通常衍生自一或多种α-烯烃。α-烯烃优选地是C3-20线性、支化或环状α-烯烃。C3-20α-烯烃的实例包括丙烯、1-丁烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯、1-十二烯、1-十四烯、1-十六烯以及1-十八烯。α-烯烃还可以含有环状结构,例如环己烷或环戊烷,产生例如3-环己基-1-丙烯(烯丙基环己烷)和乙烯基环己烷的α-烯烃。尽管在术语的经典意义上不是α-烯烃,但出于本发明的目的,某些环状烯烃,例如降冰片烯和相关烯烃,特别是5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯,是α-烯烃并且可以代替上文所述的α-烯烃中的一些或全部使用。说明性烯系互聚物包括乙烯/丙烯、乙烯/丁烯、乙烯/1-己烯、乙烯/1-辛烯等的共聚物。说明性烯系三元共聚物包括乙烯/丙烯/1-辛烯、乙烯/丙烯-/丁烯、乙烯/丁烯/1-辛烯、乙烯/丙烯/二烯单体(EPDM)以及乙烯/丁烯/苯乙烯。
用于本发明实践的HDPE聚合物是非官能化聚合物,即其不含官能团,例如羟基、胺、酰胺等。因而如乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯丙烯酸甲酯或乙酯等的聚合物在本发明的上下文内不是HDPE聚合物。
用于本发明的HDPE聚合物在文献中是众所周知的并且可以通过已知技术制备。
在实施例中,HDPE聚合物是单峰HDPE。“单峰HDPE”是分子量分布(MWD)(通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测量)不展示多组分聚合物,即,在GPC曲线中峰顶、峰肩或峰尾不存在或实质上不可辨别,并且分离度是零或实质上接近零的HDPE聚合物。分子量分布用Mw/Mn比率反映,所述Mw/Mn比率是10到18,优选地12到16。Mw是重均分子量,Mn是数均分子量,并且Mw/Mn比率可以称为多分散指数,其是分子量分布宽度的度量。
在实施例中,HDPE聚合物是具有80,000到160,000的相对较高分子量(通过GPC测量)的单峰HDPE。
单峰HDPE聚合物可以使用常规单级聚合(单一反应器)工艺,例如溶液、浆料或气相工艺,使用合适的催化剂,例如齐格勒-纳塔(Ziegler-Natta)或菲利浦(Phillips)型催化剂或单一位点茂金属催化剂(如例如US 5,324,800中所述)产生。单峰HDPE树脂是众所周知的并且可以各种等级商购,例如以商品名称DGDL-3364NT购自陶氏化学公司,和以商品名称Petrothene LR765701购自利安德巴塞尔工业公司(LyondellBasellIndustries)。
以HDPE聚合物和成核组分的总重量(不包括所存在的任何添加剂和/或填充剂的重量)计,组合物中所存在的HDPE聚合物的量通常是至少95wt%、通常95wt%到99.5wt%、并且更通常97wt%到99wt%。在本文中包括并且公开了从95wt%到99.5wt%的所有个别值和子范围,例如96wt%到99.5wt%或97wt%到99wt%等。
成核组分
将HDPE聚合物与成核组分掺合,所述成核组分基本上由环己烷二甲酸金属盐以及如本文中所述的化合物的所选群组中的第二成核剂(second nucleating agent)(可互换地称作“第二成核剂(secondary nucleating agent)”)中的一或多种组成。
如本文中所用的术语“成核组分”和“成核剂”是指在聚合物熔体中形成核并且增加成核速率,实现聚合物的更快结晶,从而帮助组合物在冷却期间变硬的添加剂。成核组分与HDPE聚合物在后置反应器程序中掺合(通常是熔融掺合)。
环己烷二甲酸金属盐组分的实施例包含选自由钙、钠、锌、钾、镁和铝组成的群组的金属。环己烷二甲酸金属盐的非限制性实例包括1,2-环己烷二甲酸钙盐(1∶1)或(2∶1)、(1R,2S)-rel-1,2-环己烷二甲酸钠盐(1∶2)、反-1,4-环己烷二甲酸钠盐(1∶2)、1,2-环己烷二甲酸钠盐(1∶2)、1,3-环己烷二甲酸钠盐(1∶2)以及1,4-环己烷二甲酸钠盐(1∶2)。
第二成核剂包括一或多种金属碳酸盐、金属氧化物、脂肪族或芳香族单羧酸或二羧酸的金属盐、C8到C24饱和脂肪酸、结晶二氧化硅(石英)、苯甲酸C1到C18烷基酯、二亚苄基山梨糖醇和衍生物、2,6-萘二甲酰胺、聚乙烯基环己烷、高结晶度聚丙烯(HCPP)、支化聚丙烯以及其组合。
金属碳酸盐的实例包括碳酸钙、碳酸镁和石灰石。金属氧化物的实例包括二氧化钛(TiO2),包括金红石TiO2、氧化铝和氧化锌。脂肪族或芳香族单羧酸或二羧酸的金属盐的实例包括金属乙酸盐,例如乙酸钠和乙酸钾;金属硬脂酸盐,例如硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸钠和硬脂酸锌;金属苯甲酸盐,例如苯甲酸钠、苯甲酸钙、苯甲酸钾、苯甲酸锂、苯甲酸锌和苯甲酸镁;苯甲酸C1到C18烷基酯,例如苯甲酸对叔丁酯;金属庚二酸盐,例如庚二酸钙、庚二酸钡和庚二酸镁;以及金属辛二酸盐,例如辛二酸钙、辛二酸镁、辛二酸锌和辛二酸钠。C6到C24饱和脂肪酸的实例包括硬脂酸、棕榈酸、油酸、己酸和二十二烷酸。
二亚苄基山梨糖醇的衍生物的实例包括1,3:2,4-二(亚苄基)山梨糖醇、1,3:2,4-二(对甲基亚苄基)山梨糖醇以及1,3:2,4-二(对乙基亚苄基)山梨糖醇。
2,6-萘二甲酰胺的实例包括N,N′-二-C5-C8-环烷基-2,6-萘二甲酰胺化合物,例如N,N′-二环己基-2,6-萘二甲酰胺和N,N′-二环辛基-2,6-萘二甲酰胺。
例如在USP 7,361,720(皮耶里尼(Pierini))中所述的高结晶度聚丙烯(HCPP)是一般具有大于70%的结晶度、在230℃/2.16kg下小于7g/10min的低熔体流动速率(MFR)、小于5的窄分子量分布(Mw/Mn)、大于300,000p.s.i.的1%正割模量以及小于2wt%的低二甲苯可溶物的聚丙烯树脂。HCPP是可商购的,例如可以商品名称BorcleanTM HC300BF购自北欧化工公司(Borealis AG)。
支化聚丙烯包括聚丙烯均聚物和共聚物。支化聚丙烯的可商购的实例包括DaployTMHMS-PP,可购自北欧化工公司。
以HDPE聚合物和成核组分的总重量(不包括所存在的任何添加剂和/或填充剂的重量)计,组合物中成核组分的量通常是至少0.5wt%、通常0.5wt%到5wt%、更通常0.1wt%到4wt%并且甚至更通常0.5wt%到2wt%。在本文中包括并且公开了从0.5wt%到5wt%的所有个别值和子范围,例如1wt%到5wt%或2wt%到4wt%等。
以成核组分的总重量的重量百分比(wt%)计,成核组分通常由7wt%到10wt%环己烷二甲酸金属盐和90wt%到93wt%第二成核剂中的一或多种构成。
添加剂
所述组合物可以任选地含有添加剂,包括(但不限于)抗氧化剂、加工助剂、填充剂、颜料或着色剂、偶合剂、紫外线稳定剂(包括UV吸收剂)、增粘剂、焦化抑制剂、抗静电剂、助滑剂、塑化剂、润滑剂、粘度控制剂、防结块剂、表面活性剂、增量油、除酸剂、金属去活化剂等。如果存在,那么添加剂通常以组合物的总重量计以介于0.01wt%或更小到10wt%或更大的范围内的量使用。添加剂可以按纯的或作为母料的一部分的形式添加。
抗氧化剂的实例包括(但不限于)Super Q(聚合的1,2-二氢-2,2,4-三甲基喹啉),可购自科聚亚公司(Chemtura Corporation)。
加工助剂的实例包括(但不限于)脂肪酰胺,例如硬脂酰胺、油酰胺、芥酸酰胺或N,N′-乙烯双-硬脂酰胺;聚乙烯蜡;氧化聚乙烯蜡;环氧乙烷聚合物;环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物;植物蜡;石油蜡;非离子型表面活性剂;以及硅酮流体和聚硅氧烷。
填充剂的实例包括(但不限于)各种阻燃剂、粘土、沉淀二氧化硅和硅酸盐、烟雾状二氧化硅、金属硫化物和硫酸盐(例如二硫化钼和硫酸钡)、金属硼酸盐(例如硼酸钡和硼酸锌)、金属酸酐(例如铝酸酐)、研磨矿物和碳黑。如果存在,填充剂一般以常规量添加,例如以组合物的重量计5wt%或更小到50wt%或更大。
在优选实施例中,所述组合物由单峰HDPE和成核组分构成,所述成核组分基本上由环己烷二甲酸金属盐以及碳酸钙、碳酸镁、二氧化钛和硬脂酸钙中的一或多种组成。
混配
本发明的聚合物组合物可以通过任何合适的方法产生。举例来说,可以将成核剂和任何添加剂添加到含有HDPE聚合物的熔体中。HDPE和成核组分的所述混配可以通过使用内部分批混合器,例如班伯里(Banbury)混合器或博林(Bolling)内部混合器掺合来执行。或者,可以使用连续单螺杆或双螺杆混合器,例如法雷尔(Farrel)连续混合器、维尔纳和普弗莱德瑞尔双螺杆混合器(Werner and Pfleiderer twin screw mixer)或巴斯捏合连续挤压机(Buss kneading continuous extruder)。成核组分可以单独或以含有HDPE聚合物和任选地一或多种添加剂的母料形式引入到HDPE聚合物组合物中。
制品
光纤缆线通常在一系列制造步骤中制造,所述制造步骤包括首先制造光传输纤维,其上可以具有聚合物保护涂层,并且将所述纤维组装成束或带状缆线配置或将纤维直接并入到缆线制造中。通常,在配备有缆线涂布模具的反应器-挤压机中制备聚合物组合物并且在配制出组合物的组分之后,随着抽取缆线通过模具,将所述组合物挤压到缆线上。通常关于缓冲管和芯管,将一或多个光纤或纤维组合件和润滑脂馈入到导线和缆线十字头的背部并且在熔融的管状组件内离开十字头,然后例如在水系统中冷却和固化所述熔融的管状组件。
优化处理条件以提供不具有或具有极少挤压后收缩的组件,以使得在光纤组件中不出现过量松弛。然后在一或多个后续步骤中处理挤制组件以及其它组件(例如中心组件、防护层、包带等)以产生缆线构造,所述后续步骤通常包括施用聚合物护套。
所述成核剂的并入和更高分子量聚乙烯的使用分别使挤压材料的初始结晶最大化并且增加了熔体粘弹性松弛速度以使挤压材料的后续退火收缩降到最低。本发明组合物相比于例如聚丙烯的其它聚烯烃材料,高抗压碎性、良好填充剂相容性和足够的冷冲击性能的平衡增强。所述组合物还提供如下挤制组件:当使用更低成本的凝胶/润滑脂(例如LA444,可购自斯图尔特集团(Stewart Group))时,相比于常规冲击改性聚丙烯(IMPP),展示出改善的润滑脂吸收性能。
通过以下实例更全面描述本发明。除非另外指出,否则所有份数和百分比是以重量计。
特定实施例
材料
在实例中使用以下材料。
DGDL-3364NT是密度是0.945g/cm3、熔融指数(MI,I2)是0.80g/10min(190℃/2.16kg)并且抗拉强度是22.1MPa(3,400psi)的高分子量尤尼泊(Unipol)气相单峰HDPE,可购自陶氏化学公司。
DGDA-7590NT是密度是0.949g/cm3、熔融指数是0.08g/10min(190℃/2.16kg)、抗拉强度(屈服强度)是24.8MPa(3,600psi)(ASTM D638)并且弯曲模量是1,030MPa(ASTM D790)的尤尼泊气相双峰HDPE,可购自陶氏化学公司。
DMDA-1250NT是密度是0.955g/cm3、熔融指数是1.5g/10min(190℃/2.16kg)、抗拉强度(屈服强度)是23.5MPa(3,410psi)(ASTM D638)并且弯曲模量(2%正割)是1,680MPa(ASTM D790)的尤尼泊气相双峰HDPE,可以CONTINUUMTM DMDA-1250NT 7形式购自陶氏化学公司。
HPN-20E是1,2-环己烷二甲酸钙盐与硬脂酸锌(成核剂),可以商品名称HPN-20E购自南卡罗莱纳州斯帕坦堡的美利肯化工(Milliken Chemicals,Spartanburg,S.C.)。
NA-27是磷酸酯化合物混合物(成核剂),可购自艾迪科公司(Adeka Corporation)。
NA-11是2,2-亚甲基双(4,6-二-叔丁基苯基)磷酸酯钠盐(成核剂),可购自艾迪科公司。
G-2T是细粒度碳酸钙(CaCO3),可以商品名称G2T购自胡贝尔工程材料(Huber Engineered Materials)。
R-104是金红石二氧化钛(TiO2)颜料,可以商品名称R-104购自杜邦(DuPont)。
AG609是滑石,可以商品名称AG609购自宾夕法尼亚州伯利恒的特种矿物公司(Specialty Minerals Inc.,Bethlehem,Pa.)。
实例1
配制如表1中所示的市售单峰HDPE(DGDL-3364NT)和HPN-20成核剂(1,2-环己烷二甲酸钙盐)的掺合物,将其挤压在导线上并且测试收缩量。
通过将HDPE聚合物(DGDL-3364NT)和作为成核剂的1,2-环己烷二甲酸钙盐(HPN-20)引入到布拉班德(Brabender)混合桶中制备组合物掺合物。熔融温度是185℃,1区和2区是185℃和180℃,并且螺杆rpm是50,通量时间是5min。在趁热(约150℃)混合之后,将所述组合物在压缩模具的压板之间压缩到7.5mm的厚度。然后将所述材料切割成数股,将其馈入到伯莱恩(Berlyn)粒化单元中并且粒化。然后通过在14号导线上挤压所述材料通过导线涂布模具制备样本。导线样品的外径是约2.9mm并且壁厚是0.635mm。然后使导线样品在21℃下持续24小时。
在室温下老化之后测量经挤压样品的收缩量并且每种材料测量至少五(5)个样品。使用钢制V形通道制备最终5英尺测试样本以保持样品笔直并且使用直尺测量长度。然后拉伸并且移出导体,并且使所得聚合物管在室温下老化一(1)天并且然后在室温下老化七(7)天。在第1天测量样品长度并且在第7天再次测量样品长度。将老化样本放置在V形通道中并且使用分辨率为+/-0.0005英寸的卡尺仪器测量长度变化。报告平均收缩量值。将测试样品(S1)的收缩数据与HDPE对照样品(C1)的数据进行比较,从而确定由HPN-20成核剂提供的改善百分比(%)。
表1
表1中的结果显示,相比于由HDPE聚合物单独制备的对照样本(C1),HPN-20成核的HDPE样本(S1)的收缩量减少约15%。
实例2
如实例1中所述制备表2中所列的单峰HDPE(DGDL-3364NT)和成核剂的掺合物(HPN-20、NA-27、NA-11、G-2T)并且测试收缩量。
表2
结果显示使用HPN-20和G-2T(CaCO3)型成核剂的样品S2和S5的收缩量有利的降低,但是使用NA-27(磷酸酯化合物混合物)和NA-11(磷酸酯钠盐)型成核剂的样品S3和S4的结果不良。
实例3
如实例1中所述制备如表3中所示的单峰HDPE(DGDL-3364NT)和两种双峰HDPE聚合物(DGDA-7590NT、DMDA-1250NT)与所列成核剂(HPN-20、NA-27、NA-11、G-2T)的掺合物并且测试收缩量。
表3
表3中的结果显示,HDPE单峰树脂与成核剂HPN-20和G-2T(CaCO3)的掺合物(S6、S9)相比于HDPE双峰树脂的对应掺合物(S10、S11),收缩量结果改善。
样品S6(含HPN-20)和样品S9(含G-2T)中的单峰HDPE掺合物分别显示相比于单独的单峰HDPE树脂(C3),收缩量改善+15%和+13.6%。相比而言,样品S10(含HPN-20)和样品S11(含G-2T)中的双峰HDPE掺合物具有相对不利的结果,即,相比于对应的单独双峰HDPE树脂(C4、C5),收缩量改善+1.3%和-20.5%。在S11中,改变%是相对于C5结果。C5的改变%是相对于C3结果。
实例4
如实例1中所述制备如表4中所示的单峰HDPE(DGDL-3364NT)与HPN-20和/或G-2T(CaCO3)成核剂的掺合物并且测试收缩量。
表4
表4中的结果表明,HPN-20成核剂(1,2-环己烷二甲酸钙盐)与G-2T(CaCO3)组合的样品S13的单峰HDPE掺合物相比于只使用HPN-20或G-2T的单峰HDPE掺合物(S12、S14),收缩量改善。
实例5
如实例1中所述制备如表5中所示的单峰HDPE(DGDL-3364NT)与成核剂的掺合物并且测试收缩量。
表5
表5中的结果表明,HPN-20(1,2-环己烷二甲酸钙盐)与G-2T(CaCO3)成核剂组合的单峰HDPE聚合物的掺合物(S17)相比于含有G-2T(CaCO3)与其它成核剂(R-104(S15);和R-104/NA-11(S16))的HDPE掺合物,收缩量显著改善+21.0%。
表6显示用成核的DGDL-3364NT HDPE聚合物进行的重复实验,并且按长度收缩%计算值。对样品完成两种不同的热老化测试。PE90测试涉及将样品加热到95℃,持续4小时并且按照以上方法测量收缩量。循环老化测试使样品经历从40℃到100℃的五个循环,以便大致模拟缓冲管在室外环境中可能暴露的可能温度极限。
表6
表6中的结果显示,对照(C8)和每种样品的两种收缩量值(PE90和循环老化)具有类似趋势。用HPN-20和G2T两者成核的样品(S19)的表现显著优于对照(C8)和仅含HPN-20的样品(S18)。
尤其期望的是,本发明不限于本文中所含有的实施例和说明,而是包括那些实施例的修改形式,所述修改形式包括在以上权利要求书范围内的实施例部分和不同实施例的要素组合。
Claims (10)
1.一种组合物,包含:
A.高密度聚乙烯(HDPE);和
B.成核组分,主要由以下各者组成:
(1)环己烷二甲酸金属盐;和
(2)成核剂,选自由以下组成的群组:金属碳酸盐、金属氧化物、脂肪族或芳香族单羧酸或二羧酸的金属盐、C8到C24饱和脂肪酸、结晶二氧化硅(石英)、苯甲酸C1到C18烷基酯、二亚苄基山梨糖醇和衍生物、2,6-萘二甲酰胺、聚乙烯基环己烷、高结晶度聚丙烯(HCPP)、支化聚丙烯以及其组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,包含95wt%到99.5wt%所述高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和0.5wt%到5wt%所述成核组分,其中A和B的所述重量百分比(wt%)是以所述A+B组分的总重量计。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述成核组分基本上由7wt%到10wt%所述环己烷二甲酸金属盐和90wt%到93wt%所述成核剂组成;其中所述环己烷二甲酸金属盐和所述成核剂的所述重量百分比(wt%)是以所述成核组分的总重量计。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述环己烷二甲酸金属盐选自由以下组成的群组:1,2-环己烷二甲酸钙盐(1∶1)或(2∶1)、(1R,2S)-rel-1,2-环己烷二甲酸钠盐(1∶2)、反-1,4-环己烷二甲酸钠盐(1∶2)、1,2-环己烷二甲酸钠盐(1∶2)、1,3-环己烷二甲酸钠盐(1∶2)以及1,4-环己烷二甲酸钠盐(1∶2)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述成核剂选自由以下组成的群组:碳酸钙、碳酸镁、石灰石、二氧化钛、氧化铝、氧化锌、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、油酸、己酸、二十二烷酸、苯甲酸对叔丁酯、二亚苄基山梨糖醇、1,3:2,4-二(亚苄基)山梨糖醇、1,3:2,4-二(对甲基亚苄基)山梨糖醇以及1,3:2,4-二(对乙基亚苄基)山梨糖醇。
6.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述成核剂是脂肪族或芳香族单羧酸或二羧酸的金属盐,选自由以下组成的群组:金属乙酸盐、金属硬脂酸盐、金属苯甲酸盐、金属庚二酸盐以及金属辛二酸盐。
7.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)是单峰HDPE。
8.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述经挤压组合物的1天收缩量(在21℃下)比具有相同配方但是不含所述成核组分或不含所述环己烷二甲酸金属盐组分或所述第二成核剂中的任一个的经挤压组合物小15%到30%。
9.一种缓冲管,用于由根据权利要求1所述的组合物制成的纤维光缆。
10.一种减少聚合物缓冲管中的光纤余长的方法,所述方法包含从根据权利要求1所述的组合物挤制所述缓冲管。
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EP2935454B1 (en) | 2018-02-21 |
MX370206B (es) | 2019-12-05 |
US9969859B2 (en) | 2018-05-15 |
CA2894505A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
BR112015014757A2 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
KR102157916B1 (ko) | 2020-09-18 |
CN104884523B (zh) | 2018-10-09 |
US20150315355A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
JP2016509616A (ja) | 2016-03-31 |
EP2935454A1 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
MX2015008136A (es) | 2015-09-23 |
KR20150097524A (ko) | 2015-08-26 |
BR112015014757B1 (pt) | 2021-06-15 |
CA2894505C (en) | 2021-01-26 |
JP6467349B2 (ja) | 2019-02-13 |
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