CN104512518B - 滑动部件、使用滑动部件的自行车用部件以及使用滑动部件的钓具用部件 - Google Patents
滑动部件、使用滑动部件的自行车用部件以及使用滑动部件的钓具用部件 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104512518B CN104512518B CN201410185310.5A CN201410185310A CN104512518B CN 104512518 B CN104512518 B CN 104512518B CN 201410185310 A CN201410185310 A CN 201410185310A CN 104512518 B CN104512518 B CN 104512518B
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- Prior art keywords
- sliding
- plating layer
- layer
- sliding member
- solid lubricant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000012791 sliding layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 241
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 225
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供滑动部件、使用滑动部件的自行车用部件以及使用滑动部件的钓具用部件。在滑动部件中,维持滑动层的滑动性能并抑制滑动层的磨损。滑动部件(22a)包括基材(30)和滑动层(32),该滑动层(32)配置于基材(30)的至少一部分,包含固体润滑剂(32a)和比固体润滑剂(32a)硬的硬质粒子(32b)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及滑动部件、使用滑动部件的自行车用部件以及使用滑动部件的钓具用部件。
背景技术
作为滑动部件,以往已知有在基材上形成滑动层而成的结构,该滑动层是通过在镍等金属镀膜中取入氟化合物微粒作为固体润滑剂而得到的(例如参照专利文献1)。通过设置这种滑动镀层,使部件的滑动性能提高。特别地,若提高固体润滑剂的含有率,则能够进一步提高润滑性能。
专利文献1:日本专利第4681161号公报。
当设置含有固体润滑剂的滑动层时,部件的滑动性能提高,但由于比通常的金属镀层软,所以滑动层有可能磨损。
发明内容
本发明的课题在于,在滑动部件中,维持滑动层的滑动性能并抑制滑动层的磨损。
本发明的滑动部件包括:基材;和滑动层,配置于基材的至少一部分,包含固体润滑剂和比固体润滑剂硬的硬质粒子。
在该滑动部件中,在基材上配置滑动层,该滑动层包含固体润滑剂和比固体润滑剂硬的硬质粒子。这里,由于滑动层包含固体润滑剂,所以能够维持滑动层的滑动性能。并且,由于滑动层包含硬质粒子,所以与仅包含固体润滑剂的情况相比,滑动层变得硬质。因此,能够维持滑动层的滑动性能并抑制滑动层的磨损。
也可以是,基材是从由包含不锈钢在内的铁、铝、钛、重叠多种金属而成的复合材料、黄铜及它们的合金构成的金属组中选择的至少一种。在该情况下,基材为金属制,且能够利用滑动层比较提高耐蚀性能,因此能够将滑动部件在屋外使用。
也可以是,滑动部件还包括中间层,该中间层配置于基材与滑动层之间,提高基材与滑动层的密接性。滑动层和中间层是包含从由镍、铜、锡和锌构成的组中选择的至少一种金属的镀层。在该情况下,通过设置中间层,使得滑动层不易从基材剥离。并且,滑动层和中间层由包含容易镀敷的不同种类的金属的镀层构成,因此能够容易地形成滑动层和中间层。
也可以是,滑动部件还包括中间层,该中间层配置于基材与滑动层之间,提高基材与滑动层的密接性。滑动层和中间层是包含从由镍、铜、锡和锌构成的组中选择的同种金属的镀层。在该情况下,通过设置中间层,使得滑动层不易从基材剥离。并且,滑动层和中间层使用包含容易镀敷的至少同种的属的镀层,因此能够提高滑动镀层与中间镀层的密接性。
也可以是,中间镀层包含比滑动镀层中含有的固体润滑剂量少的固体润滑剂。在该情况下,由于在中间镀层中也包含比滑动镀层量少的固体润滑剂,因此,作为整体的滑动性能进一步提高,并且滑动镀层与中间镀层的密接性进一步提高。
也可以是,固体润滑剂包含从由氮化硼、二硫化钼、聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、聚三氟氯乙烯及四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物构成的组中选择的至少一种粒子。
也可以是,固体润滑剂包含氟化合物的粒子。在该情况下,能够形成含有包含氟化合物的粒子的氟化合物的镀膜,因此,能够提高滑动镀层的滑动性能。
也可以是,氟化合物的粒子的含有率为30容量%以上70容量%以下。在该情况下,滑动镀层中的氟化合物的比例增多,因此滑动镀层的滑动性能提高。而且,由于在滑动镀层与基材之间配置有中间镀层,因此即便增大含有率而提高滑动性能,也能够提高基材与滑动镀层的密接性。
也可以是,氟化合物是从由聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、聚三氟氯乙烯及四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物构成的组中选择的至少一种。
也可以是,硬质粒子是从由纳米钻石、ZrO2、SiC(碳化硅)、Al2O3(氧化铝)、BN(氮化硼)构成的组中选择的至少一种。
也可以是,镀层通过电镀处理形成。在该情况下,通过使电流值变化,能够高精度地控制滑动镀层和中间镀层的膜厚以及滑动镀层和中间镀层中的固体润滑剂和硬质粒子的含有量。
也可以是使用上述滑动部件的自行车用部件。在该情况下,能够维持自行车用部件的滑动性能并抑制滑动层的磨损。
自行车用部件可以是前链轮。在该情况下,能够维持前链轮的滑动性能并抑制滑动层的磨损。
自行车用部件可以是后链轮。在该情况下,能够维持后链轮的滑动性能并抑制滑动层的磨损。
自行车用部件也可以是链条。在该情况下,能够维持链条的滑动性能并抑制滑动层的磨损。
也可以是使用上述滑动部件的钓具用部件。在该情况下,能够维持钓具用部件的滑动性能并抑制滑动层的磨损。
根据本发明,由于滑动层包含固体润滑剂,因此能够维持滑动层的滑动性能。并且,由于滑动层包含硬质粒子,所以与仅包含固体润滑剂的情况相比,滑动层变得硬质。因此,能够维持滑动层的滑动性能并抑制滑动层的磨损。
附图说明
图1是采用了本发明的第1实施方式的自行车的侧视图。
图2是采用了本发明的第1实施方式的自行车用部件即前链轮的曲柄组装体的主视图。
图3是第1前链轮的外表面的剖视示意图。
图4是第1实施方式的变形例的相当于图3的图。
图5是表示滑动部件的制造方法的流程图。
图6是采用了本发明的第2实施方式的自行车用部件即前链轮的曲柄组装体的主视图。
图7是通过图6的剖开面线VII-VII剖开的曲柄组装体的剖视放大图。
图8是第2实施方式的第1前链轮的相当于图3的图。
图9是第2实施方式的第2前链轮的相当于图3的图。
图10是第3实施方式的后链轮组装体的主视图。
图11是第3后链轮的主视图。
图12是第3实施方式的第3后链轮的相当于图3的图。
图13是第3实施方式的变形例的相当于图3的图。
图14是本发明的第4实施方式的链条的平面局部剖视图。
图15是链条的侧视图。
图16是本发明的第5实施方式的钓具用部件即钓线引导件的主视图。
图17是钓线引导件的相当于图3的图。
图18是本发明的第6实施方式的钓具用部件即小齿轮的剖视图。
图19是第6实施方式的钓具用部件即小齿轮的立体图。
图20是小齿轮的相当于图3的图。
图21是其他实施方式的相当于图3的图。
附图标记说明
17链条;22、122第1前链轮;23、123第2前链轮;22a、23a、24a、43a、43a’、122a、123a、458a、560a滑动部件;30、130、230、230’、430、530、630基材;32、132、232、432、532、632滑动镀层;32a固体润滑剂;32b硬质粒子;34、134、134’、234、434、534中间镀层;34a、134a第1中间镀层;34b、34b’、134b第2中间镀层;41~49第1~第9后链轮;454钓线引导件;560小齿轮。
具体实施方式
在图1中,采用了本发明的多个实施方式的自行车是被称为山地自行车的能够在不平地面上行进的自行车。自行车包括:车架1,具有菱形的车架体2和具有悬架功能的前叉3;车把部4;驱动部5;前轮6;后轮7;以及前制动装置9f和后制动装置9r。
车架1的车架体2是焊接管而制成的。在车架体2上安装有包含车座13和驱动部5在内的各部分。前叉3以绕倾斜的轴摆动自如的方式装配于车架体2的前部。
车把部4具有固定于前叉3的上部的车把立14、和固定于车把立14的车把杆15。在车把杆15的两端装配有用于操作前制动装置9f和后制动装置9r的制动杆16。在左右的制动杆16上一体或分体地设置有用于对前外装变速装置18f和后外装变速装置18r进行变速操作的变速杆(未图示)。
驱动部5具有设置于车架体2的下部的支架部的曲柄组装体20、架设于曲柄组装体20的链条17、以及前外装变速装置18f和后外装变速装置18r。前外装变速装置18f和后外装变速装置18r分别具有装配于车架1的中间部和后部的前拨链器19f和后拨链器19r。前拨链器19f将链条17向设置于曲柄组装体20的例如3个前链轮中的任一个引导。后拨链器19r将链条17向装配于后轮7的轮毂的后链轮组装体11的例如9个后链轮中的任一个引导。
<第1实施方式>
如图2所示,采用了本发明的第1实施方式的曲柄组装体20包括:曲柄部21;和本发明的第1实施方式的第1前链轮22、第2前链轮23及第3前链轮24。曲柄部21具有:关于前链轮22、23、24的旋转中心轴沿径向延伸的曲柄臂25;以及与曲柄臂25一体形成的链轮安装部26。曲柄臂25在前端具有踏板安装部25a,且在基端具有曲柄轴安装部25b。链轮安装部26具有:以曲柄轴安装部25b为中心呈放射状延伸的多个(例如4个)安装臂26a;以及设置于各个安装臂26a的前端部的链轮固定部26b。在链轮固定部26b中形成有贯通孔26c,第1前链轮22的固定用的未图示的螺纹部件(例如螺栓部件)贯通该贯通孔26c。在第1实施方式中,螺纹部件旋入第1前链轮22中。另外,螺纹部件也可以与螺母旋合来固定第1前链轮。第1~第3前链轮22~24是自行车用部件的一例。
第1前链轮22的齿数最多,例如齿数为“42”。第1前链轮22当安装于未图示的曲柄轴时,在关于前链轮22、23、24的旋转中心轴的轴向上,配置于离车架1(参照图1)最远的外侧。第2前链轮23配置于与第1前链轮22相比更接近车架1的内侧。第2前链轮23的齿数例如为“32”。第3前链轮24在轴向上配置于与第2前链轮23相比更接近车架1的内侧。第3前链轮24的齿数例如为“24”。
第1前链轮22、第2前链轮23及第3前链轮24分别具有第1滑动部件22a、第2滑动部件23a及第3滑动部件24a。第1滑动部件22a、第2滑动部件23a及第3滑动部件24a构成与链条17(参照图1)啮合的各链轮的链轮齿。链轮齿在径向上设置于链轮的最外侧,形成为比固定于曲柄部21的链轮安装部26的径向内侧的第1安装部22c(未图示第2前链轮23的第2安装部和第3前链轮24的第3安装部)薄。在第1实施方式中,第1滑动部件22a和第1安装部22c一体形成。另外,第2滑动部件23a和第2安装部及第3滑动部件24a和第3安装部也一体形成。因此,在链轮齿和径向内侧的部分之间,在第1~第3前链轮22~24上分别形成有第1阶梯部22b、第2阶梯部23b及第3阶梯部24b。第1滑动部件22a、第2滑动部件23a及第3滑动部件24a从第1阶梯部22b、第2阶梯部23b及第3阶梯部24b分别设置于径向外侧。
如图3所示,第1前链轮22的第1滑动部件22a包括:构成链轮齿的基材30;滑动镀层32;以及中间镀层34,配置于基材30和滑动镀层32之间,提高基材30与滑动镀层32的密接性。滑动镀层32是滑动层的一例。基材30是从由包含不锈钢在内的铁、铝、钛、包含黄铜在内的铜、重叠例如铝和不锈钢等多种金属而成的复合材料及它们的合金构成的金属组中选择的至少一种。在第1实施方式中,基材30也包含第1前链轮22的其他部分在内为铝合金制。滑动镀层32和中间镀层34是包含从由镍、铜、锡和锌构成的组中选择的至少一种金属的镀层。滑动镀层32和中间镀层34包含从由镍、铜、锡和锌构成的组中选择的同种金属。在第1实施方式中,滑动镀层32包含镍。
如图3的A部放大所示,滑动镀层32包含固体润滑剂32a和比固体润滑剂32a硬的硬质粒子32b。固体润滑剂32a包含从由氮化硼、二硫化钼、聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、聚三氟氯乙烯及四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物构成的组中选择的至少一种粒子。在第1实施方式中,固体润滑剂具有包含聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、聚三氟氯乙烯及四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物的氟化合物的粒子。在第1实施方式中,作为氟化合物选择聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)。因此,在第1实施方式中,滑动镀层32具有含有氟化合物的粒子的镍镀层。第1实施方式中的作为固体润滑剂32a的氟化合物的粒子的含有率是滑动镀层32整体的30容量%以上70容量%以下。在该实施方式中,含有率为40容量%以上50容量%以下。
硬质粒子32b是从由纳米钻石、ZrO2(氧化锆)、SiC(碳化硅)、Al2O3(氧化铝)、BN(氮化硼)构成的组中选择的至少一种。在该实施方式中,硬质粒子32b选择ZrO2(氧化锆)。硬质粒子32b的含有率是滑动镀层32整体的5容量%至20容量%。在该实施方式中,含有率是5容量%以上10容量%以下。
在第1实施方式中,中间镀层34具有第1中间镀层34a和第2中间镀层34b。第1中间镀层34a形成于基材30的外表面。在第1实施方式中,第1中间镀层34a例如包含锌。第2中间镀层34b形成于第1中间镀层34a和滑动镀层32之间。第2中间镀层34b例如包含镍。因此,在第1实施方式中,滑动镀层32和第2中间镀层34b包含同种金属(镍)。第1中间镀层34a和第2中间镀层34b不包含固体润滑剂。滑动镀层32与中间镀层34的合计膜厚是2μm以上20μm以下,滑动镀层32的膜厚是1μm以上15μm以下。中间镀层34的膜厚是1μm以上5μm以下。并且,中间镀层34的膜厚优选为滑动镀层32的膜厚的50%以下。在第1实施方式中,中间镀层34的膜厚是滑动镀层32的膜厚的10%以上30%以下。滑动镀层32和中间镀层34通过电镀处理形成。由此,滑动镀层32和中间镀层34的膜厚控制变得容易。
第2前链轮23的第2滑动部件23a和第3前链轮24的第3滑动部件24a是与第1前链轮22的第1滑动部件22a相同的结构。
在这种结构的第1滑动部件22a、第2滑动部件23a及第3滑动部件24a中,不是直接在基材30上形成滑动镀层32,而是将用于提高基材30与滑动镀层32的密接性的中间镀层34配置于基材30与滑动镀层32之间。因此,即便提高滑动镀层32的滑动性能,滑动镀层32与中间镀层34的密接性和中间镀层34与基材30的密接性也提高,滑动镀层32不易剥离。并且,由于在滑动镀层32中包含硬质粒子32b,所以即便在滑动镀层32中包含固体润滑剂32a,与仅包含固体润滑剂32a的情况相比,滑动镀层32也变得硬质。因此,能够维持滑动镀层32的滑动性能并抑制滑动镀层32的磨损。
并且,基材30是轻量的铝制,是比较能够提高耐蚀性能的材料,因此,能够在实现第1滑动部件22a~第3滑动部件24a的轻量化的同时,耐受在屋外的使用。并且,与链条17的滑动阻力减小,从而能够提高动力传递效率。另外,由于在滑动镀层32中包含硬质粒子32b,所以能够减小由于与链条17的接触而产生的第1~第3前链轮22~24的磨损。
<第1实施方式的变形例>
在图4中,在变形例中,中间镀层34’的第2中间镀层34b’与第1实施方式不同。在第1实施方式中,第2中间镀层34b不包含固体润滑剂,但如图4的A部放大所示,第2中间镀层34b’包含比滑动镀层32中含有的固体润滑剂32a量少的固体润滑剂32a’。例如,固体润滑剂32a’的含有率为第2中间镀层34b’整体的5容量%以上且小于30容量%。在该变形例中,固体润滑剂32a’的含有率为10容量%以上20容量%以下。在变形例中,固体润滑剂32a’是与固体润滑剂32a相同的氟化合物。即便是这种结构,也能够发挥上述作用效果。另外,固体润滑剂的种类不限于第1实施方式中采用的氟化合物,可以选择在第1实施方式中例示的组中的至少一种。
接下来,以第1前链轮22为例,参照图5说明第1实施方式的滑动部件的制造方法。
在作为基材的第1前链轮22中,优选对作为第1滑动部件22a的部分以外的部分进行遮蔽。另外,在步骤S1中,使用脱脂清洗剂对作为第1滑动部件22a的部分进行脱脂处理而使表面成为清洁的状态。在步骤S2中,将形成于第1前链轮22的第1滑动部件22a的表面的氧化铝膜除去。在步骤S3中,形成中间镀层34。在第1实施方式中,在步骤S3的中间镀层形成处理中,在基材30上形成第1中间镀层34a,进一步在第1中间镀层34a上形成第2中间镀层34b。这里,第1中间镀层34a通过电镀处理而被镀锌(Zn),第2中间镀层34b通过电镀处理而被镀镍。另外,在变形例中,第2中间镀层34b’通过电镀处理以包含作为固体润滑剂的氟化合物的方式被镀镍。但是,第2中间镀层34b’的氟化合物的体积百分比小于滑动镀层32。当形成中间镀层34’时,在该中间镀层34’上通过电镀处理形成滑动镀层32。滑动镀层32通过电镀处理以包含作为固体润滑剂32a的氟化合物的粒子和作为硬质粒子32b的Al2O3的粒子的方式被镀镍。这些中间镀层34’和滑动镀层32的膜厚通过电镀处理被控制为上述值。
<第2实施方式>
如图6和图7所示,采用了本发明的第2实施方式的曲柄组装体120包括曲柄部121、以及本发明的第2实施方式的第1前链轮122及第2前链轮123。第1前链轮122及第2前链轮123是自行车用部件的一例。曲柄部121具有:关于前链轮122、123的旋转中心轴沿径向延伸的曲柄臂125;和与曲柄臂125一体形成的链轮安装部126。曲柄臂125在前端具有踏板安装部125a,且在基端具有曲柄轴安装部125b。链轮安装部126具有:以曲柄轴安装部125b为中心呈放射状延伸的多个(例如4个)安装臂126a;以及在各安装臂126a的前端部凹陷设置的链轮固定部126b。在链轮固定部126b形成有贯通孔126c,旋入第1前链轮122中的固定用的螺纹部件(例如螺栓部件)127(参照图7)贯通该贯通孔126c。
第1前链轮122的齿数最多。第1前链轮122在安装于未图示的曲柄轴时,在关于前链轮122、123的旋转中心轴的轴向上,配置于离车架1(参照图1)最远的外侧。第2前链轮123的齿数比第1前链轮122少,在轴向上配置于接近第1前链轮122的车架1的内侧。
第1前链轮122及第2前链轮123分别具有第1滑动部件122a及第2滑动部件123a(参照图7)。第1滑动部件122a及第2滑动部件123a构成与链条17(参照图1)啮合的各链轮的链轮齿。第1滑动部件122a设置于径向的最外侧。第1前链轮122还具有第1安装部122c,该第1安装部122c以能够与第1滑动部件122a一体旋转的方式装配。因此,在第2实施方式中,第1滑动部件122a与固定在曲柄部121的链轮安装部126的径向内侧的第1安装部122c分体形成。第1滑动部件122a是金属制(例如钛制)的部件,第1安装部122c是合成树脂制(例如碳纤维强化树脂制)的部件。如图7的粗线所示,第2实施方式的第1前链轮122在金属制的部分即第1滑动部件122a的表面形成有图8所示的滑动镀层132和中间镀层134。另外,也可以在第1滑动部件122a上仅在局部(例如链轮齿的形成部分)设置滑动镀层132和中间镀层134。如图7所示,第1安装部122c具有与通过将多片碳纤维的预浸料坯放入模具中而成型的外侧部件122d、及与外侧部件122d对置配置的内侧部件122e。与外侧部件122d同样,内侧部件122e也通过将多片碳纤维的预浸料坯放入模具中而成型。内侧部件122e与第2前链轮123对置地配置。并且,第1安装部122c具有将与螺纹部件127旋合的螺母部件122g通过嵌件成形等的适当的成形方法一体形成的合成树脂制(例如聚酰亚胺、聚缩醛树脂等合成树脂制)的螺母安装部122f。第1滑动部件122a、外侧部件122d、内侧部件122e及螺母安装部122f例如通过粘结剂或一体成型而固定。
如图7的粗线所示,第2前链轮123的第2滑动部件123a从处于与第2安装部123c的边界部分的第2阶梯部123b设置于径向外侧。因此,与第1实施方式同样,第2前链轮123的第2滑动部件123a和第2安装部123c一体地形成。
如图8所示,第2实施方式的第1前链轮122的第1滑动部件122a包括:构成链轮齿的基材130;包含固体润滑剂32a和硬质粒子32b的滑动镀层132;以及中间镀层134,配置于基材130和滑动镀层132之间,提高基材130和滑动镀层132的密接性。基材130是从由与第1实施方式相同的金属及其合金构成的金属组中选择的至少一种。在第2实施方式中,基材130是例如钛合金制。滑动镀层132和中间镀层134是包含从由与第1实施方式相同的金属构成的组中选择的至少一种金属的镀层。在第2实施方式中,滑动镀层132包含镍。如图8的A部放大所示,滑动镀层132还包含固体润滑剂32a和硬质粒子32b。固体润滑剂32a包含从与第1实施方式相同的组中选择的至少一种粒子。在第2实施方式中,作为氟化合物选择聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)。因此,在第2实施方式中,滑动镀层132具有含有氟化合物的粒子的镍镀层。第2实施方式中的作为固体润滑剂32a的氟化合物的粒子的含有率为滑动镀层132的30容量%以上70容量%以下。在第2实施方式中,含有率为40容量%以上50容量%以下。并且,硬质粒子32b包含从与第1实施方式相同的组中选择的至少一种粒子。在第2实施方式中,与第1实施方式同样地选择ZrO2。硬质粒子32b的含有量与第1实施方式相同。
在第2实施方式中,中间镀层134具有第1中间镀层134a和第2中间镀层134b。第1中间镀层134a形成于基材130的外表面。在第2实施方式中,第1中间镀层134a例如包含锌。第2中间镀层134b形成于第1中间镀层134a和滑动镀层132之间。第2中间镀层134b例如包含镍。因此,在第2实施方式中,滑动镀层132和第2中间镀层134b包含同种金属(镍)。第1中间镀层134a和第2中间镀层134b不包含固体润滑剂。滑动镀层132与中间镀层134的合计膜厚为2μm以上20μm以下,滑动镀层132的膜厚是1μm以上15μm以下。中间镀层134的膜厚为1μm以上5μm以下。另外,中间镀层134的膜厚优选为滑动镀层132的膜厚的50%以下。在第2实施方式中,中间镀层134的膜厚为滑动镀层132的膜厚的10%以上30%以下。滑动镀层132和中间镀层134由电镀处理形成。由此,滑动镀层132和中间镀层134的膜厚控制变得容易。
如图9所示,对于第2实施方式的第2前链轮123的第2滑动部件123a,具有如图9的A部放大所示的固体润滑剂32a和硬质粒子32b的滑动镀层132是相同的,但第1前链轮122的第1滑动部件122a和中间镀层134’不同。即,中间镀层134’由只有锌的一种金属镀层构成。中间镀层134’的膜厚与第1前链轮122的第1滑动部件122a相同。在中间镀层134’中不包含固体润滑剂,但也可以包含固体润滑剂。
在这种结构的第1滑动部件122a和第2滑动部件123a中,不是在基材130上直接形成滑动镀层132,而是将用于提高基材130与滑动镀层132的密接性的中间镀层134(或134’)配置于基材130和滑动镀层132之间。因此,即便增加固体润滑剂32a的含有率而提高滑动镀层132的滑动性能,滑动镀层132与中间镀层134(或134’)的密接性和中间镀层134(或134’)与基材130的密接性也提高,滑动镀层132更不易剥离。此外,由于在滑动镀层132中包含硬质粒子32b,因此,即便在滑动镀层132中包含固体润滑剂32a,与仅包含固体润滑剂32a的情况相比,滑动镀层132也变成硬质。因此,维持滑动镀层132的滑动性能,而能够抑制滑动镀层132的磨损。
并且,由于基材130为轻量且耐蚀性高的钛制成的,因此,能够在实现第1滑动部件122a和第2滑动部件123a的轻量化的同时,耐受在屋外的使用。
<第3实施方式>
如图10和图11所示,采用了本发明的第3实施方式的后链轮组装体11具有齿数各不相同的第1后链轮41至第9后链轮49的例如9个后链轮。第1后链轮41至第9后链轮49是自行车用部件的一例。第1后链轮41的齿数例如为“11”,齿数最少。第9后链轮49的齿数例如为“32”,齿数最多。第2后链轮42至第8后链轮48的齿数设定为它们之间的适当的齿数。第1后链轮41至第9后链轮49以能够一体地旋转的方式安装于未图示的后轮的后轮毂。在图11中示出作为后链轮的一例的第3后链轮43。第3后链轮43具有:构成链轮齿的滑动部件43a;以及配置于滑动部件43a的内周侧且安装于后轮毂的安装部43b。其它后链轮也同样具有滑动部件和安装部。滑动部件43a构成链轮齿并设置于最靠径向外侧。滑动部件43a与安装部43b的边界部分如图11中的虚线所示。
如图12所示,滑动部件43a具有:基材230;包含图12的A部放大所示的固体润滑剂32a和硬质粒子32b的滑动镀层232;以及中间镀层234,配置于基材230与滑动镀层232之间,提高基材230与滑动镀层232的密接性。基材230是从在第1实施方式中例示的金属组中选择的至少一种,在第3实施方式中,基材230选择包含不锈钢在内的铁。滑动镀层232是从在第1实施方式中例示的多个金属组中选择的至少一种金属,在第3实施方式中,选择固体润滑剂32a分散共析而成的镍。固体润滑剂32a是从由在第1实施方式中例示的多种物质构成的组中选择的一种,在第3实施方式中,与第1实施方式相同地选择聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)作为氟化合物。硬质粒子32b是从由在第1实施方式中例示的多种物质构成的组中选择的一种,在第3实施方式中,与第1实施方式相同地选择ZrO2。中间镀层234是从在第1实施方式中例示的多个金属组中选择的至少一种金属,在第3实施方式中选择镍。在第3实施方式中,在中间镀层234中不包含固体润滑剂。另外,滑动镀层和中间镀层的膜厚以及固体润滑剂32a和硬质粒子32b的比例等其它结构与第1实施方式相同,因此省略说明。
在这种结构的第3实施方式的后链轮组装体11中,除了上述作用效果外,还能够提高后链轮组装体11的耐蚀性。
<第3实施方式的变形例>
在第3实施方式中,滑动部件43a的基材230为包含不锈钢在内的铁制成的,在图13所示的变形例中,滑动部件43a’的基材230’不是铁制的,而是重叠多种金属得到的复合材料制成的。在第3实施方式的变形例中,例如基材230’使用在不锈钢之间夹着铝层叠而得到的复合材料。具有图13A放大所示的固体润滑剂32a和硬质粒子32b的滑动镀层232和中间镀层234与第3实施方式同样。
<第4实施方式>
如图14和图15所示,采用了本发明的第4实施方式的作为自行车用部件的链条17具有:一对外侧链板350;与一对外侧链板350交替配置的一对内侧链板351;连结两链板350、351的连结销352;以及配置于一对内侧链板351的内侧且绕连结销352的轴旋转自如的辊353。
外侧链板350和内侧链板351是例如将厚度0.8mm~1.0mm左右的包含不锈钢的钢板通过冲裁加工将两端形成为圆形的葫芦形而得到的板状部件。在外侧链板350和内侧链板351的两端部分别形成有能够供连结销352贯通的连结孔350b、351b。外侧链板350、内侧链板351、连结销352和辊353分别具有与图12所示的后链轮43结构相同的滑动部件350a、351a、352a、353a。滑动部件350a、351a、352a、353a设置于图14和图15的粗线所示的区域。这里,如图12所示,滑动部件350a、351a、352a、353a具有:基材230;包含图12的A部放大所示的固体润滑剂32a的滑动镀层232;以及中间镀层234,配置于基材230与滑动镀层232之间,提高基材230与滑动镀层232的密接性。另外,滑动镀层232和中间镀层234的膜厚以及固体润滑剂32a和硬质粒子32b的比例等其它结构与第1实施方式相同,因此省略说明。
在这种结构的链条17中,除了上述作用效果外,还能够减小曲柄组装体20与后链轮组装体11之间的滑动阻力,能够进一步提高旋转传递效率。并且还能够提高链条17的耐蚀性。
<第5实施方式>
在上述第1实施方式至第4实施方式中,以自行车用部件为例说明了本发明,但在第5实施方式之后的方式中,以钓具用部件为例说明本发明。
如图16所示,采用了第5实施方式的钓线引导件454是固定于钓竿452的外周面的部件。钓线引导件454是钓具用部件的一例。钓线引导件454具有:固定于钓竿452的外周面的固定部455;从固定部455立起的脚部456;引导框架457,形成于脚部456的头端且具有沿着钓竿452的轴向贯通的贯通孔457a;以及嵌入贯通孔457a中并能够供钓线L贯穿插入的引导环458。
引导环458是内部能够贯穿插入钓线的环部件。引导环458具有滑动部件458a。如图17所示,滑动部件458a具有:环状的基材430;具有图17的A部放大所示的固体润滑剂32a和硬质粒子32b的滑动镀层432;以及中间镀层434,配置于基材430和滑动镀层432之间,提高基材430与滑动镀层432的密接性。基材430是例如不锈钢(SUS)等硬质金属制的环状部件。滑动镀层432和中间镀层434形成为覆盖基材430的整周。基材430是与图12所示的第3实施方式相同的结构。另外,滑动镀层432和中间镀层434的膜厚以及固体润滑剂32a和硬质粒子32b的比例等其它结构与第1实施方式相同,因此省略说明。
在这种结构的钓线引导件454中,除了上述作用效果外,与钓线的滑动阻力减小,从而能够减小线故障。而且,即便与钓线L的接触频繁发生,引导环458也不易磨损。
<第6实施方式>
如图18和图19所示,采用了第6实施方式的作为钓具用部件的小齿轮560用于双轴承绕线轮、电动绕线轮、纺车式绕线轮等垂钓用绕线轮。小齿轮560具有滑动部件560a。滑动部件560a是具有阶梯贯通孔560b的筒状部件,卷筒轴贯通该贯通孔560b的中心。滑动部件560a的两端经由轴承以旋转自如且能够沿轴向移动的方式支承于未图示的绕线轮主体。滑动部件560a具有离合器卡合部560c、齿轮部560d和缩颈部560e。离合器卡合部560c是与未图示的离合器销卡合的槽。齿轮部560d具有齿轮齿,该齿轮齿与能够和车把联动地旋转的未图示的驱动齿轮啮合。缩颈部560e与使未图示的离合器机构动作的离合器控制机构卡合。小齿轮560在离合器卡合部与离合器销卡合的接合位置、和离合器卡合部从离合器销脱离的分离位置之间移动。这些结构是公知的,因此省略详细的说明。
如图20所示,滑动部件560a具有:基材530;包含图20的A部放大所示的固体润滑剂32a和硬质粒子32b的滑动镀层532;以及中间镀层534,配置于基材530与滑动镀层532之间,提高基材530与滑动镀层532的密接性。这里,在滑动部件560a中,在图18中粗线所示的场所和图19中网格线的场所形成滑动镀层532和中间镀层534。因此,在第6实施方式中,在滑动部件560a中的齿轮部560d未设置滑动镀层532和中间镀层534。这是因为,在小齿轮560的制造过程中途形成这些镀层,但在制造的最终阶段利用切削加工形成齿轮部560d。另外,也可以在形成齿轮部后进行镀敷处理,在齿轮部也设置滑动镀层和中间镀层。
如图20所示,基材530是从在第1实施方式中例示的金属组中选择的一种金属制成的。在第6实施方式中选择黄铜。另外,基材530也可以是不锈钢制成的。黄铜是强度高的高强度黄铜。滑动镀层532是从在第1实施方式中例示的多个金属组中选择的至少一种金属,在第6实施方式中,选择固体润滑剂32a分散共析而成的镍。固体润滑剂是从由在第1实施方式中例示的多种物质构成的组中选择的一种,在第6实施方式中,与第1实施方式同样,作为氟化合物选择聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)。硬质粒子32b是从由在第1实施方式中例示的多种物质构成的组中选择的一种,在第6实施方式中,与第1实施方式同样地选择ZrO2。中间镀层534是从在第1实施方式中例示的多个金属组中选择的至少一种金属,在第6实施方式中选择铜。在第6实施方式中,在中间镀层534中不包含固体润滑剂。另外,滑动镀层532和中间镀层534的膜厚以及固体润滑剂32a和硬质粒子32b的比例等其他结构与第1实施方式相同,因此省略说明。
在这种结构的第6实施方式的小齿轮中,除了上述作用效果外,还包含由轴承支承的两端在内形成滑动镀层,因此旋转效率提高。并且,向接合位置和分离位置的沿轴向移动时的滑动阻力减小,从而能够顺畅地进行离合器的接合分离。
<其它实施方式>
以上对本发明的一个实施方式进行了说明,但是本发明不限于上述实施方式,能够在不脱离发明的主旨的范围内进行各种变更。特别是,在本说明书中记载的多个实施方式和变形例能够根据需要任意组合。
(a)在上述实施方式中,作为固体润滑剂选择作为氟化合物的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE),但本发明不限于此。固体润滑剂包含从上述的由氮化硼、二硫化钼、聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、聚三氟氯乙烯及四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物构成的组中选择的至少一种粒子即可。
(b)在上述实施方式中,作为滑动镀层例示了镍镀层,但本发明不限于此。滑动镀层也可以包含从由镍、铜、锡和锌构成的组中选择的金属。
(c)在上述实施方式中,作为自行车用部件,例示了曲柄组装体的链轮、后链轮组装体的链轮、自行车用的链条,作为钓具用部件例示了钓线引导件及小齿轮,但本发明不限于此。具有本发明的滑动部件的自行车用部件例如也可以是能够连结制动装置和制动操作装置或变速装置和变速操作装置等的控制拉索。并且,也可以在制动杆16的杆部分、内装或外装变速装置的滑动部分使用本发明的滑动部件。另外,作为钓具用部件,也可以在绕线用的卷筒或曳力调整用的螺纹部分或钓钩使用滑动部件。
(d)在上述实施方式中,作为硬质粒子32b例示了ZrO2,但本发明不限于此。硬质粒子32b是从由纳米钻石、ZrO2、SiC(碳化硅)、Al2O3(氧化铝)、BN(氮化硼)构成的组中选择的至少一种即可。
(e)在上述实施方式中,将滑动层作为镀层,但本发明不限于此。滑动层也可以是镀层以外的层。例如,也可以通过离子镀等薄膜形成处理形成滑动层。
(f)在上述实施方式中,设置有中间层,但也可以如图21所示,不设置中间镀层,而是在基材630上直接形成包含固体润滑剂32a和硬质粒子32b的滑动层632。
(g)在上述的各实施方式中示出的基材、中间镀层、滑动镀层的各组合也可以应用于其它实施方式。
Claims (13)
1.一种滑动部件,其特征在于,该滑动部件包括:
基材;
滑动层,配置于上述基材的至少一部分,包含固体润滑剂和比上述固体润滑剂硬的硬质粒子;和
中间层,该中间层配置于上述基材与上述滑动层之间,提高上述基材与上述滑动层的密接性,
上述中间层具有第1中间层和第2中间层,所述第1中间层形成于所述基材的外表面,所述第2中间层形成于所述第1中间层和所述滑动层之间,所述第1中间层不含固体润滑剂,所述第2中间层包含比上述滑动层中含有的固体润滑剂量少的固体润滑剂,
上述固体润滑剂是氟化合物的粒子,
上述滑动层和上述中间层是包含从由镍、铜、锡和锌构成的组中选择的至少一种金属的镀层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滑动部件,其中,
上述基材是从由包含不锈钢在内的铁、铝、钛、重叠多种金属而成的复合材料及它们的合金构成的金属组中选择的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的滑动部件,其中,
上述氟化合物是从由聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、聚三氟氯乙烯及四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物构成的组中选择的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的滑动部件,其中,
上述滑动层、上述第1中间层和上述第2中间层是包含从由镍、铜、锡和锌构成的组中选择的同种金属的镀层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的滑动部件,其中,
上述氟化合物的粒子的含有率为30容量%以上70容量%以下。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的滑动部件,其中,
上述硬质粒子是从由纳米钻石、ZrO2、SiC(碳化硅)、Al2O3(氧化铝)、BN(氮化硼)构成的组中选择的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求3所述的滑动部件,其中,
上述镀层通过电镀处理形成。
8.根据权利要求4所述的滑动部件,其中,
上述镀层通过电镀处理形成。
9.一种自行车用部件,该自行车用部件使用权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的上述滑动部件。
10.根据权利要求9所述的自行车用部件,其中,
上述自行车用部件是前链轮。
11.根据权利要求9所述的自行车用部件,其中,
上述自行车用部件是后链轮。
12.根据权利要求9所述的自行车用部件,其中,
上述自行车用部件是链条。
13.一种用于钓具的钓具用部件,其特征在于,
该钓具用部件使用权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的上述滑动部件。
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JP2013207377A JP6278652B2 (ja) | 2013-10-02 | 2013-10-02 | 摺動部材、摺動部材を用いた自転車用部品、摺動部材を用いた釣り具用部品、及び摺動部材の製造方法 |
JP2013218457A JP6209418B2 (ja) | 2013-10-02 | 2013-10-21 | 摺動部材、摺動部材を用いた自転車用部品、及び摺動部材を用いた釣り具用部品 |
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DE102014111530A1 (de) | 2015-04-02 |
CN104512518A (zh) | 2015-04-15 |
KR20150039549A (ko) | 2015-04-10 |
DE102014111530A9 (de) | 2016-06-23 |
CN104512513A (zh) | 2015-04-15 |
US10465139B2 (en) | 2019-11-05 |
CN104512513B (zh) | 2017-04-12 |
KR20150039548A (ko) | 2015-04-10 |
DE102014111529A1 (de) | 2015-04-02 |
US20150093595A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
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