Background technology
Traditional coal tar processing delayed coking pretreatment technology adopts conventional residual oil delayed coking complete processing.
Delay coking of coal tar pretreatment technology adopts conventional residual oil complete processing, does not utilize coal tar characteristic well, carries out differential process.Major defect has: 1. part easily cracking, condensation component first do not carry out low-temp reaction, together enter process furnace radiation section, easily cause tube coking, affect long-term operation; 2. light constituent is not separated and all enters process furnace, and energy consumption is high; 3. because coal tar is rich in oxygen, in cracking, condensation course, part becomes water, and hydrogen valuable in coal tar is reduced further; 4. adopt process furnace water filling (or steam) technique, because hydro-thermal enthalpy is higher, energy consumption is high; 5. in coal tar, light constituent component is not separated in advance and together enters process furnace and coke drum, and the at high temperature generating portion cracking of part light constituent produces rich gas, and hydrogen component natively little in coal tar is reduced further, reduces liquid simultaneously and receives;
Due to China's oil shortage of resources, degree of dependence on inport is high, and coal liquifaction, under soaring oil prices background, becomes new focus.In order to improve the utilising efficiency of coal tar, alleviate energy contradiction, coal tar processing improves and seems more and more urgent.For coal tar, find reasonable complete processing according to its characteristic, increase operation rate, energy-saving and cost-reducing particularly important.
Chinese patent CN1485404A is open introduces process furnace with coal tar being preheated to coalite tar in 300-380 DEG C, coke drum is entered after process furnace is heated to 480-550 DEG C, pyrogenic reaction is carried out under the pressure of 0.8-2.0Mpa, the coke generated in coke drum discharges coke drum, generation oil after coking enters extraction tower, alkaline solution is added in extraction tower, the aldehydes matter extracted goes out extraction tower, extract the fraction oil after aldehydes matter and enter separation column, isolate light hydrocarbon material, petroleum naphtha and diesel oil blending component that carbon chain lengths is less than 5 respectively.
Chinese patent CN1664068A is open enters coke drum with by coal tar after process furnace is heated to 500-520 DEG C, carries out pyrogenic reaction, through oil fuel, liquefied gas and coke that coking obtains under the pressure of 0.22-0.26Mpa.Adopt full cut delay coking process.
Chinese patent CN101429456A invention provides the combined technical method of a kind of delay coking of coal tar and hydrogenation.This invention adopts the method for delayed coking and hydrogenation to coal tar, and carry out delayed coking, hydrogenation and rear refining, hydrogenation comprises hydrotreatment, hydrofining and hydrocracking.The key of this invention utilizes delayed coking and hydrogenation combination technique technology, and the processing condition of adjustment delayed coking and hydrogenation technique, realize the final purpose of coal tar upgrading.
But the technology adopted disclosed in above-mentioned patent does not make full use of coal tar characteristic, carries out differential process.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency overcoming above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of and technology is utilized to coal tar processing optimization.
Compared with vacuum residuum, middle coalite tar complicated components, distribution are wide, and ratio of carbon-hydrogen is high, is rich in oxygen, and light constituent is high, component physical properties and the chemical reactivity such as cracking, condensation difference large.
The object of the invention makes full use of coal tar characteristic, carries out differential process, optimizes coal tar processing.Coal tar processing of the present invention, comprises coal tar substep cracking, light constituent and is separated in advance and faces hydrogen coking.
The cracking of coal tar provided by the invention substep, face hydrogen coking process and comprise the steps:
1. first coal tar is delivered to process furnace convection zone and be heated to 200 ~ 350 DEG C, enter cracking reactor and carry out preliminary scission reaction, reactor operating pressure is: 0.05 ~ 0.5MPa;
2. the easy cracking group that 1. step obtains divide cracking produce comparatively in light constituent and coal tar light constituent enter separation column from reactor head;
3. the heavy constituent furnace charge that 1. step obtains is pumped into process furnace radiation section and is heated to 350 ~ 480 DEG C further, and 0.1 ~ 0.5MPa enters coke drum and carries out pyrogenic reaction, recycle ratio: 0.1 ~ 0.6, generates oil gas and coke;
4. inject hydrogen (recycle hydrogen that hydrogenation unit comes) at radiation section entrance, hydrogen injecting tolerance is 0.1 ~ 0.5% (m) of inlet amount;
5. the oil gas reacting generation enters separation column and is separated, and obtains gasoline, diesel oil, wax oil component send downstream hydrogenation device, and rich gas can be used for hydrogen manufacturing or as furnace fuel.
As the technical scheme optimized further, in described cracking reactor, preliminary scission reaction is temperature prioritised is 280 ~ 350 DEG C, and reaction pressure is preferably 0.1 ~ 0.3MPa; In order to reach better separating effect, cracking reactor middle and lower part arranges tower tray; Described furnace outlet is temperature prioritised is 440 ~ 470 DEG C, and coke drum pyrogenic reaction pressure is preferably 0.1 ~ 0.3MPa, and recycle ratio is preferably 0.2 ~ 0.4, and hydrogen injecting tolerance is preferably 0.1 ~ 0.3% (m) of inlet amount;
Core of the present invention is the cracking of employing substep, light constituent is first separated and faces hydrogen coking.Make full use of coal tar characteristic and carry out differential process, the part easily advanced row low temperature pyrolyzer reaction of cracking component, control temperature simultaneously, does not allow easy condensation component generation condensation reaction wherein generate coke.Cracking group easy in coal tar is divided cracking produce comparatively in light constituent and coal tar light constituent enter separation column from reactor head, under avoiding this part cut high temperature on the one hand, deep pyrolytic produces rich gas, reduces gas phase yield, increases liquid and receives; Effectively reduce process furnace load on the other hand, energy efficient.
Inject hydrogen (recycle hydrogen that hydrogenation unit comes) at radiation section entrance, first improve heating furnace tube flow velocity, prevent tube coking, secondly reduce oil gas dividing potential drop, light constituent is easily gasificated into oil gas, and the 3rd reduces coal tar dehydrogenation carburizing reagent, reduce coke yield, improve liquid and receive.In addition, because coal tar is rich in oxygen, in cracking, condensation reaction, generate water, hydrogen valuable in coal tar is reduced further.Under hydro condition, part oxygen enrichment and hydrogen reaction, can effectively reduce hydrogen loss in coal tar.Compared with water filling (water vapour), hydrogen heat content is low, and the thermal load that heating, cooling need is less, energy-conservation.Comparatively prior art not only has rational technology, liquid receipts are high, energy consumption is low; And auxiliary material hydrogen of the present invention is the recycle hydrogen from hydrogenation unit, cheap, does not need special process, reduces cost.
Adopt the present invention to increase liquid receipts principle as follows: to inject hydrogen at radiation section, reduce coal tar dehydrogenation carburizing reagent, reduce coke yield, improve liquid receipts; In coal tar, light constituent is separated from cracking reactor, and after avoiding this part cut to enter process furnace, coke drum, at high temperature cracking produces rich gas, reduces gas phase yield, increases liquid and receives.
Adopt energy-saving principle of the present invention as follows: in coal tar, light constituent is separated from cracking reactor, furnace charge amount reduces, and effectively reduces process furnace load; Process furnace changes note hydrogen, and compared with water filling (water vapour), hydrogen heat content is low, and the thermal load that heating, cooling need is less, energy efficient.